Under-forest ecological direct seeding method for rhododendron simsii seeds

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting, in particular to an under-forest ecological direct seeding method for cremastra appendiculata seeds, which comprises the following steps: selecting a forest land with the altitude of 2000-2500 m, the gradient of less than or equal to 15 degrees, the annual rainfall of 800-1000 mm, the annual average temperature of 11-14 DEG C and the number of trees per unit area of 900-1100 plants / hm < 2 >; fungus material preparation; treatment before sowing: planting in January to April; a sunshade net is pulled in the forest, and the sunshade rate is 60-90%; after compartment arrangement, compartment grooves are formed in the compartment surfaces, wet leaves are put into the compartment grooves, and water is sprayed for 3-5 min; a Coprinus radians N2 strain is evenly placed in the compartment grooves, wet leaves of 1 cm to 2 cm are spread, and water is sprayed for 3 min to 5 min; the strip-shaped fresh fungus materials are placed on the wet leaves at the interval of 2-5 cm, humus soil of 2-5 cm is spread on gaps between the strip-shaped fresh fungus materials, and water is sprayed for 3-5 min; sowing the seeds; seedling management; and transplanting. According to the method, fresh fungus materials are adopted, diseases are few, weeds are few, any chemical fertilizer, chemical agents and growth regulators are not used, and ecological and efficient seedling raising of the cremastra appendiculata forest land is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting, in particular to a method for ecological direct seeding of azalea orchid seeds under a forest. Background Art

[0002] Azalea orchid is a perennial terrestrial herb of the genus Rhododendron in the Orchidaceae family. It has high medicinal and ornamental value, but its resources are scarce and its market price continues to rise. Azalea orchid also has the biological characteristics commonly found in orchids. Under natural conditions, its inflorescences have an extremely low fruit-setting rate after flowering, its seeds are easily sterilized, and its germination is difficult. Therefore, the reproduction coefficient of naturally grown azalea orchids is extremely low, and they mainly rely on the division of pseudobulbs for reproduction, resulting in a small number of wild azalea orchid plants. In 2013, it was included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the China Red List of Biodiversity (Higher Plants), and was assessed as a near-threatened species. In 2021, my country listed it as a second-class protected plant. Currently, the main propagation methods for azalea orchids are tissue culture and direct seeding. Tissue culture requires laboratory germination of seeds into protocorms, which then multiply and differentiate into seedlings with buds, leaves, and other organs. These seedlings then undergo rooting. This complex process is time-consuming, costly, and results in a low survival rate after transplanting. In recent years, direct seeding of azalea orchids has been reported, but these methods require the presence of symbiotic germination bacteria for seedling emergence, resulting in a low emergence rate and unstable seedlings.

[0003] The pseudobulbs of azalea orchids are ovoid or nearly spherical. They flower from May to June and fruit from September to December. The seedling raising period is generally winter and spring. In northwestern Yunnan, rainfall is scarce in winter and spring, and the air is dry. Water management during direct seeding of azalea orchids is challenging, resulting in low seedling emergence and survival rates. This results in low yields from artificial cultivation, severely hindering the development of the azalea orchid cultivation industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Features and advantages of the invention are set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.

[0005] In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for ecological direct seeding of azalea orchid seeds under a forest, comprising the following steps: Select forest land: forest land with an altitude of 2000-2500 m, a slope of ≤15°, an annual rainfall of 800-1000 mm, an average annual temperature of 11-14°C, and a tree population per unit area of 900-1100 trees / hm2; Preparation of mushroom materials: (1) Preparation of fresh mushroom materials: Cut at least one of water melon, walnut and miscellaneous wood into strips with a length of 60-80 cm and a diameter of 3-6 cm; (2) Preparation of wet leaves: Use a grinder to crush the dry leaves under the broad-leaved forest to a length of less than 2 cm, and water them before planting to maintain a humidity of 60-80%; Pre-sowing treatment: Planting should be carried out from January to April. Shade nets should be installed in the forest, with a shading rate of 60-90%. After the beds are arranged, troughs should be set up on the beds. Wet leaves should be placed in the troughs and sprayed with water for 3-5 minutes. Coprinus radians N2 fungus should be evenly placed in the troughs, and 1-2 cm of wet leaves should be sprinkled on the troughs. Water should be sprayed for 3-5 minutes. Fresh fungus strips should be placed on the wet leaves at intervals of 2-5 cm. Humus soil should be sprinkled in the gaps between the fresh fungus strips at 2-5 cm and water should be sprayed for 3-5 minutes. Sowing: Mix humus soil and raw soil and sieve to obtain sieved soil. Then mix the azalea orchid seeds and sieved soil in a ratio of 1:900-1200 and sow on the humus soil that has been treated before sowing. After watering thoroughly, cover with 1-3 cm of wet leaves and then cover with a layer of black mulch. Seedling management: Seedling management includes water management, weeding, fertilization, and disease management; Transplanting: Transplant before the above-ground parts fall over in February to April of the second year.

[0006] Preferably, the water management includes maintaining the soil moisture at 60-80% during the pseudobulb germination period and after emergence, and promptly covering the pine needles with 1-2 cm after removing the film when the seedlings emerge; the weeding includes promptly removing the weeds when the seedlings emerge in June and July; the fertilization includes spraying microbial agents in August and September; and the disease management includes using predatory mites or avermectin biological drugs to control red spider mites.

[0007] Preferably, the fertilization further comprises applying humus soil and sheep manure compost in winter, the ratio of humus soil to sheep manure compost is 1:1-5, and the bed surface is covered with 1-3 cm after removing pine needles.

[0008] Preferably, the raw soil is yellow sandy soil.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention places wet leaves and humus soil four times and sprays water at controlled times to ensure the humidity of seedlings and reduce the management in the later stage. At the same time, it adopts trough-type compartments and innovates planting details to provide suitable air and humidity for the germination of azalea seeds; the present application adopts fresh mushroom materials, the planting is more refined, no diseases are found, there are very few weeds, and no chemical fertilizers, drugs and growth regulators are used. Under the premise of strictly abiding by the national "General Rules for Ecological Planting of Forest and Grass Medicinal Materials", the present invention realizes the ecological and efficient seedling cultivation of azalea woodlands, improves the economic benefits of forest land, and reduces planting costs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0011] Example 1

[0012] The present invention provides a method for ecological direct seeding of azalea orchid seeds under a forest, comprising the following steps: Selection of forest land: Forest land with an altitude of 2000-2500 m, with a slope of mid-low slope, valley, or flat land, with a slope of semi-sunny, semi-shady, or shady slope, with a slope of ≤15°, an annual rainfall of 800-1000 mm, an average annual temperature of 11-14°C, and a tree population of 900-1100 trees per hectare. 2 ; Preparation of mushroom materials: (1) Preparation of fresh mushroom materials: Cut at least one of water melon, walnut and miscellaneous wood into strips with a length of 60-80 cm and a diameter of 3-6 cm; the miscellaneous wood includes but is not limited to oak, locust, elm, poplar, willow, mulberry, etc.; (2) Preparation of wet leaves: Use a grinder to crush the dry leaves under the broad-leaved forest to a length of less than 2 cm, and water them before planting to maintain a humidity of 60-80%; Pre-sowing treatment: Planting is carried out from January to April; a shade net is pulled in the forest with a shading rate of 60-90%; the beds are arranged with a bed width of 1-1.2m and a furrow width of 0.2-0.3m; after the beds are arranged, bed grooves are set on the bed surface with a depth of 10-20cm and a width of 0.8-1m, wet leaves are then placed in the bed grooves and sprayed with water for 3-5 minutes; the radiated coprinus (Coprinus radians) N2 fungus is evenly placed in the bed grooves, 1-2cm of wet leaves are sprinkled, and water is sprayed for 3-5 minutes; then, strips of fresh fungus are placed on the wet leaves with an interval of 2-5cm, 2-5cm of humus soil is sprinkled in the gaps between the strips of fresh fungus, and water is sprayed for 3-5 minutes; the radiated coprinus (Coprinus radians) N2 was deposited in the General Microbiology Center of the China Microorganism Culture Collection Administration on November 2, 2023, with the deposit number CGMCC NO: 40970; Sowing: Mix humus soil and raw soil and sieve them to obtain sieved soil. Then mix the azalea orchid seeds and the sieved soil in a ratio of 1:900-1200 and sow them on the humus soil that has been treated before sowing. After watering thoroughly, cover with 1-3 cm of wet leaves and then cover with a layer of black mulch. The raw soil is yellow sandy soil, which can achieve air permeability and heat preservation. Seedling management: The seedling management includes water management, weeding, fertilization, and disease management; the water management includes maintaining soil moisture at 60-80% during the pseudobulb germination period and after emergence, and promptly covering the soil with pine needles by 1-2 cm after removing the film when the seedlings emerge; the weeding includes promptly removing weeds when the seedlings emerge in June and July; the fertilization includes spraying microbial agents (purchased from the British Okomed Mining Group Company) in August and September; the disease management includes using predatory mites or avermectin biological drugs to control red spider mites; the fertilization also includes applying humus soil and sheep manure compost in winter, with the ratio of humus soil to sheep manure compost being 1:1-5, and covering the bed surface with 1-3 cm after removing the pine needles.

[0013] Transplanting: Transplant before the above-ground part falls in February to April of the second year. The seedling grading standard is: first-level pseudobulb diameter ≥1.0cm, second-level diameter 0.5-1.0cm, third-level <0.5cm.

[0014] By adopting the above method, under the drought climate conditions of winter and spring in northwest Yunnan, it is possible to achieve 2 months without watering even during the forest seedling raising period, saving management costs such as labor and water, and realizing efficient ecological seedling raising. By placing wet leaves and humus soil 4 times and spraying water at controlled times, the humidity of the seedling raising is guaranteed, and the later management is reduced. At the same time, trough-type compartments are adopted and innovative planting details are used to provide suitable air and humidity for the germination of azalea seeds. This application uses fresh fungus materials, and the planting is more refined. No diseases are found, there are very few weeds, and no chemical fertilizers, drugs and growth regulators are used. Under the premise of strictly abiding by the national "General Rules for Ecological Planting of Forest and Grass Medicinal Materials", the ecological and efficient seedling raising of azalea forests is realized, the economic benefits of forests are improved, and the planting costs are reduced. It solves the problem that azalea forest planting cannot be realized in northwest Yunnan due to the drought in winter and spring. The cultivated seedlings are cultivated under natural conditions, have strong adaptability, and the survival rate of seedling transplanting is as high as 98.3%. They can be mass-produced and easy to promote planting.

[0015] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the embodiments. Any content not described in the specification is based on existing technologies. A person skilled in the art may implement the present invention in a variety of variations without departing from the scope and essence of the present invention. For example, a feature shown or described as part of one embodiment may be used in another embodiment to obtain yet another embodiment. The above are only preferred feasible embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes made using the contents of the present specification are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for direct seeding of rhododendron orchid seeds under forests, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Select forest land: forest land with an altitude of 2000-2500 m, a slope of ≤15°, an annual rainfall of 800-1000 mm, an average annual temperature of 11-14°C, and a tree population per unit area of 900-1100 trees / hm2. 2 ; Preparation of mushroom materials: (1) Preparation of fresh mushroom materials: Cut at least one of water melon, walnut and miscellaneous wood into strips with a length of 60-80 cm and a diameter of 3-6 cm; (2) Preparation of wet leaves: Use a grinder to crush the dry leaves under the broad-leaved forest to a length of less than 2 cm, and water them before planting to maintain a humidity of 60-80%; Pre-sowing treatment: Planting should be carried out from January to April. Shade nets should be installed in the forest, with a shading rate of 60-90%. After the beds are arranged, troughs should be set up on the beds. Wet leaves should be placed in the troughs and sprayed with water for 3-5 minutes. Coprinus radians N2 fungus should be evenly placed in the troughs, and 1-2 cm of wet leaves should be sprinkled on the troughs. Water should be sprayed for 3-5 minutes. Fresh fungus strips should be placed on the wet leaves at intervals of 2-5 cm. Humus soil should be sprinkled in the gaps between the fresh fungus strips at 2-5 cm and water should be sprayed for 3-5 minutes. Sowing: Mix humus soil and raw soil and sieve to obtain sieved soil. Then mix the azalea orchid seeds and sieved soil in a ratio of 1:900-1200 and sow on the humus soil that has been treated before sowing. After watering thoroughly, cover with 1-3 cm of wet leaves and then cover with a layer of black mulch. Seedling management: Seedling management includes water management, weeding, fertilization, and disease management; Transplanting: Transplant before the above-ground parts fall over in February to April of the second year.

2. The method for direct seeding of azalea seeds under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water management includes maintaining the soil moisture at 60-80% during the pseudobulb germination period and after the emergence of seedlings, and promptly covering the soil with 1-2 cm of pine needles after the film is removed when the seedlings emerge; the weeding includes promptly removing the weeds when the seedlings emerge in June and July; the fertilization includes spraying microbial agents in August and September; and the disease management includes using predatory mites or avermectin biological drugs to control red spider mites.

3. The method for direct seeding of azalea seeds under forest according to claim 2, wherein: The fertilization also includes applying humus soil and sheep manure compost in winter, with the ratio of humus soil to sheep manure compost being 1:1-5, and covering the bed surface with 1-3 cm after removing pine needles.

4. The method for direct seeding of azalea seeds under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw soil is yellow sandy soil.