An organic matrix, its preparation method and use

Abstract

The application discloses an organic matrix and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of agricultural technology.The preparation method of the organic matrix comprises the following steps: forming a pile of mixed materials to form a pile of materials, keeping the temperature of the pile of materials to rise to a target temperature for 48-72 hours, and turning over the pile of materials to obtain the organic matrix; the target temperature is 60-68 DEG C; the number of times of turning over the pile of materials is greater than or equal to 3 times; the mixed materials comprise base material, fungus dregs and water; the fungus dregs contain a fungus agent with a tolerance temperature greater than or equal to the target temperature. The application utilizes high temperature generated by fermentation to kill pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs in the matrix, and expands the breeding of probiotics in the natural fermentation process; the quality of the matrix can be increased by 15-25% after each preparation; when the recycled organic matrix is used as the matrix, the organic matrix is recycled after each crop is harvested, so that the organic matrix is recycled and reused, and the organic matrix does not need to use pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural technology, in particular to an organic substrate and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The organic substrate is the basic material for crop growth, and plays a crucial role in the growth and development of crops. With the increasing demand for cultivation environment in the agricultural and horticultural industries, traditional organic substrates have some problems, such as poor water retention capacity, insufficient nutrient supply, poor aeration, incomplete nutrient composition or unreasonable nutrient ratio, excessive heavy metals, etc., which cannot provide sufficient nutrient support for seed germination and seedling growth. These factors lead to unsatisfactory crop growth.

[0003] Traditional organic substrates often carry a large number of insect eggs and bacteria, which can multiply rapidly under suitable conditions and cause various pest and disease problems. For example, the larvae hatched from insect eggs will eat the roots and seedlings of plants, affecting the absorption of water and nutrients by plants; bacteria can infect plants, causing plant disease symptoms such as yellowing, wilting, and rotting of leaves, and even death of plants in severe cases. Currently, most organic substrates on the market are treated by physical or chemical disinfection, but these methods have certain limitations, such as environmental pollution and pesticide residues caused by chemical disinfection, and low efficiency of physical treatment.

[0004] CN106588413A discloses an organic ecological type leafy vegetable organic substrate prepared based on mushroom residue and a preparation method thereof. The bacterial agent used is EM bacterial agent, but the source or composition of the EM bacterial agent is not disclosed, and the actual fermentation temperature is below 60℃, while the temperature reaches above 60℃ during the fermentation process. CN117581767A discloses a seedling raising organic substrate fermented from pinecone ball residue, which is fermented at about 55℃.

[0005] In the prior art, there is no consideration of achieving sufficient killing of bacteria and insect eggs through natural fermentation during the treatment process of the organic substrate. The reason is that, on the one hand, due to the selection of components in the organic substrate or the selection of bacterial agents, the fermentation process cannot reach a high temperature, generally below 60℃. On the other hand, the current treatment process of the substrate generally considers that a high fermentation temperature will cause a decrease in the abundance of probiotics and a decrease in the activity of probiotics, resulting in unsuitable physical and chemical properties of the substrate for crop planting (e.g. substrate mineralization, hardening, and high conductivity value), so the substrate is turned over before the temperature and time reach a level that can sufficiently kill bacteria and insect eggs. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide an organic substrate preparation method capable of achieving sufficient killing of pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs through natural fermentation. The organic substrate treated by the method does not need to be disinfected by the conventional physical or chemical disinfection method during use, and the quality of the treated organic substrate can be increased by 15-25% compared with the substrate before treatment. Meanwhile, the present application also provides the organic substrate prepared by the preparation method and its application.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, in a first aspect, the present application provides an organic substrate preparation method, comprising the following steps:

[0008] The mixture is stacked to form a stack, and when the temperature of the stack rises to a target temperature, the stack is maintained for 48-72 h, and then turned over to obtain the organic substrate; the target temperature is 60-68℃;

[0009] The turning over is performed for ≥3 times;

[0010] The mixture comprises a base material, fungus chaff, and water;

[0011] The fungus chaff contains a fungus agent resistant to a temperature greater than or equal to the target temperature, and the fungus agent comprises at least one of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, actinomycetes, rhizopus, mucor, rhizosphere bacteria, bacillus subtilis, and trichoderma.

[0012] As an embodiment of the present application, the target temperature is 64-66℃.

[0013] As an embodiment of the present application, the maintaining time is 54-60 h.

[0014] As an embodiment of the present application, the preparation method of the fungus chaff contained in the mixture comprises uniformly mixing a fungus agent and activated base material, adding sugar water, and activating to obtain the fungus chaff.

[0015] As an embodiment of the present application, the base material contained in the mixture comprises a substrate, organic matter raw material, and mineral matter raw material, and their mass ratio is substrate: organic matter raw material: mineral matter raw material = (60-150):(16-36):(0-2).

[0016] As an embodiment of the present application, the mass percentage of the water in the mixture is 45-65%.

[0017] As an embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of the fungus agent, activated base material, and sugar water is (1-5):(20-100):(10-50).

[0018] As an embodiment of the present application, the activating base material includes at least one of rice bran, corn meal, wheat bran, soybean meal, wood ash, and fermented bran.

[0019] As an embodiment of the present application, the mass percentage of sugar in the sugar water is 1-50%.

[0020] As an embodiment of the present application, the activating temperature is 25-37°C, and the time is 2-10 hours.

[0021] As an embodiment of the present application, the microbial agent includes nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, rhizosphere bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis, and the mass ratio of the nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, rhizosphere bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis is nitrifying bacteria : sulfur bacteria : yeast : actinomycetes : rhizosphere bacteria : Bacillus subtilis = 1 : (0.2-0.6) : (0.4-0.8) : (0.5-1.5) : (0.5-1.5) : (1.5-2).

[0022] As an embodiment of the present application, the moisture content of the mixed material is 45-65%.

[0023] As an embodiment of the present application, the substrate includes at least one of peat soil and recycled organic substrate.

[0024] As an embodiment of the present application, the organic material raw material includes at least one of a carbon source and a nitrogen source.

[0025] The carbon source includes at least one of straw, sawdust, coconut bran, bran, rice husk, activated carbon, starch, glucose, molasses, lignin, and cellulose.

[0026] The nitrogen source includes at least one of urea, soybean meal, peanut cake, fish meal, blood meal, peptone, beef extract, and yeast extract.

[0027] As an embodiment of the present application, the organic material raw material includes a carbon source and a nitrogen source, and the mass ratio of the carbon source to the nitrogen source is (15-30) : (1-6).

[0028] As an embodiment of the present application, the mineral raw material includes at least one of perlite, yellow phosphorus slag, phosphorus tailings, olivine, zeolite, calcined shell powder, attapulgite, medical stone, and dolomite.

[0029] As an embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of the base material to the microbial bran is 1 : (0.005-0.01).

[0030] The second aspect of the present application provides an organic substrate prepared by the preparation method described above.

[0031] The third aspect of the present application provides an application of the organic substrate in crop seedling and / or crop cultivation.

[0032] As an embodiment of the present application, the crop includes at least one of vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines, and fruits.

[0033] The present application has the following advantages:

[0034] (1) The present application can maintain the balance of the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the organic substrate by selecting and analyzing the base material and the fungus chaff in the mixed material, and using the substrate, organic material and mineral material with a mass ratio of (60-150):(16-36):(0-2) as the base material, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the organic substrate is balanced, the pile is easier to heat and ferment, and the heat generated by the fermentation can not only reach the target temperature (60-68℃) and the temperature for killing bacteria and insect eggs, but also maintain the target temperature for a long time. In the present application, the fungus agent in the fungus chaff has a temperature tolerance greater than 60-68℃, and the base material with the above-mentioned component ratio will not cause the substrate to be hardened or mineralized during the fermentation process, avoiding the physical and chemical properties of the substrate being unsuitable for crop planting. In the natural fermentation process under the conditions described in the present application, the beneficial bacteria can be enriched and the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the organic substrate can be ensured. The beneficial bacteria can further decompose harmful substances in the organic substrate, destroy the physical structure of the substrate, organic material and mineral material in the base material, and decompose the substrate, organic material and mineral material into smaller particles. The organic matter is decomposed into carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia and small molecule metabolites, which overflow, resulting in more pores in the organic substrate, improving the porosity of the organic substrate, and making the organic substrate more fluffy. The organic substrate forms loose and homogeneous humus, and the degree of decomposition of the organic substrate is significantly improved, and the aeration and water retention are significantly improved. Therefore, in the preparation method of the organic substrate described in the present application, the pile can be kept at 60-68℃ for a long time. The inventors have found through repeated experiments and research that keeping at the temperature for 48-72h and turning over at least 3 times can achieve sufficient killing of bacteria and insect eggs. The obtained organic substrate does not need to use any pesticides and chemical agents (such as pesticides) during use, and can promote the formation of a microbial protective barrier in the process of cultivation and seedling raising, promote the growth of crop roots, improve the immunity of crops, promote the growth of crops, effectively improve the disease resistance of crops, significantly improve the germination rate and emergence rate of crops, and improve the economic value of crops. The organic substrate prepared by the method of the present application has the advantages of low carbon emission, ecological nature, safety and reliability, and can effectively save energy, and has a wide application prospect.

[0035] (2) The application uses a substrate, an organic matter raw material and a mineral matter raw material with a mass ratio of (60-150):(16-36):(0-2) as a base material, which can not only be combined with the fungus dregs to achieve the fermentation temperature and time of the application, but also can increase the mass of the substrate after treatment. On the one hand, the higher proportion of the organic matter raw material can increase the mass of the substrate after treatment. On the other hand, during the fermentation process, the probiotics can destroy the physical structure of the substrate, the organic matter raw material and the mineral matter raw material, and decompose them into smaller particles. The organic matter is decomposed into carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia and small molecule metabolites. The carbon dioxide, water vapor and ammonia overflow, resulting in more pores in the organic substrate, increasing the porosity of the organic substrate, making the organic substrate more fluffy, and increasing the volume of the substrate after treatment. After the preparation method of the application, the mass of the prepared organic substrate can be increased by 15-25% compared with the substrate before treatment, which has a significant increase effect.

[0036] (3) The preparation method of the application can use recycled organic substrate as a substrate. After each crop is harvested, the organic substrate is recycled, and carbon source, nitrogen source and mineral material are added according to the formula design. During the natural fermentation process of the stacking, the high temperature generated by the microorganisms in the fungus dregs can completely kill the roots, potential pathogenic bacteria, insect eggs and toxic substances in the organic substrate, and supplement a large number of beneficial microbial flora and organic nutrients. On the one hand, the recycling and reuse of the organic substrate can reduce the cost of substrate procurement and avoid the risk of pesticide residues and heavy metal accumulation, which helps the sustainable development of organic substrate cultivation. On the other hand, after the recycled organic substrate is treated by the method of the application, the mass of the organic substrate can be increased by 15-25% after single treatment. The prepared organic substrate can be repeatedly treated by the method of the application to achieve the effect of cyclic increase. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a physical diagram of the temperature rise of the stacking of Example 1 to the target temperature.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a physical diagram of the stacking of Example 3.

[0039] Figure 3 It is a tomato obtained by organic substrate cultivation of Example 1.

[0040] Figure 4 It is a mustard obtained by organic substrate cultivation of Example 1.

[0041] Figure 5 It is a lettuce obtained by organic substrate cultivation of Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0043] In the present application, the technical features described in an open way include both the closed technical solutions consisting of the listed features and the open technical solutions containing the listed features.

[0044] In the present application, as no specific description is given, the numerical range is regarded as continuous and includes the minimum value and the maximum value of the range and each value between the minimum value and the maximum value. Further, when the range refers to an integer, each integer between the minimum value and the maximum value of the range is included. In addition, when multiple ranges are provided to describe a feature or a property, the ranges can be combined. In other words, unless otherwise specified, all the ranges disclosed herein should be understood as including any and all sub-ranges falling within the range.

[0045] In the present application, the specific dispersion and stirring treatment method is not particularly limited.

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, the components and raw materials used in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present application are commercially available raw materials or instruments, and the components and raw materials used in each parallel experiment are the same.

[0047] The present inventors have found that the organic substrate is the most widely used basic material in soilless culture and plays a crucial role in plant growth. During crop cultivation, the organic substrate will gradually decompose, resulting in poor physicochemical properties of the organic substrate, such as reduced air permeability, unreasonable nutrient ratio, and weakened water holding capacity, which further affect the growth, yield, and quality of crops. In addition, the organic substrate can harbor pathogens and insect eggs, accumulate toxic substances secreted by crop root systems during crop cultivation, and cause frequent crop diseases and insect pests, resulting in continuous cropping obstacles, which affect the growth, yield, and quality of crops. Therefore, it is necessary to completely kill the pathogens, insect eggs, and toxic substances in the organic substrate and adjust the physicochemical properties of the organic substrate.

[0048] Specifically, after the insect eggs in the organic matrix hatch, they will directly eat the roots, stems and leaves of the crops, hinder the absorption of water and nutrients, cause the growth of crops to be hindered, and further cause the crops to wither, the leaves to turn yellow, the leaves to have notches and holes, and even the crops to be eaten to death. Some pests (such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips, etc.) can provide an invasion channel for the spread of viruses (such as fusarium, soft rot bacteria), and after the insect eggs hatch, the activity of beneficial bacteria (such as rhizobium) is inhibited, which significantly affects the growth, yield and quality of crops.

[0049] The insect eggs include root-knot nematode eggs, aphid eggs, thrips eggs, whitefly eggs, grub eggs, mite eggs, roundworm eggs, moth eggs, etc. The killing of the insect eggs and the temperature show a significant negative correlation (i.e. the higher the temperature, the better the killing effect). For the insect eggs, the temperature needs to be at least 50℃ or above to achieve a certain killing effect. For example, the root-knot nematode eggs, aphid eggs, mite eggs, whitefly eggs and thrips eggs need a temperature of 50℃, the roundworm eggs need a temperature of 55℃, and the grub eggs need a temperature of 60℃. Therefore, during the killing of the insect eggs, the temperature needs to be strictly controlled, and the time for killing the insect eggs needs to be comprehensively considered in combination with the killing temperature (which needs to be at least the initial killing temperature of the insect eggs and the bacteria), the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix, and the temperature tolerance of the microorganisms in the organic matrix.

[0050] Specifically, the bacteria in the organic matrix can cause various plant diseases, such as root rot, wilt, sudden death, late blight, bacterial wilt, gray mold, damping-off, etc. After the bacteria multiply in the organic matrix, they will compete with the plant roots for nutrients and living space, inhibit the normal growth of the plant roots, and the toxins produced by the bacteria will directly affect the normal physiological functions of the crops, causing the crops to grow poorly, the yield to decrease, and the permeability of the organic matrix to decrease due to the metabolic products of the bacteria, affecting the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix, and further affecting the respiration and water absorption of the plant roots.

[0051] The bacteria include fusarium, pythium, phytophthora, xanthomonas, botrytis, sphaerostilbella, and anthracnose. For most bacteria, the temperature needs to be at least 55℃ or above to achieve a certain killing effect. For example, the fusarium and pythium need a temperature of 55℃, the sphaerostilbella and phytophthora need a temperature of 60℃. Therefore, during the killing of the bacteria, the temperature needs to be strictly controlled, and the time for killing the bacteria needs to be comprehensively considered in combination with the killing temperature (which needs to be at least the initial killing temperature of the insect eggs and the bacteria), the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix, and the temperature tolerance of the microorganisms in the organic matrix.

[0052] In order to kill the bacteria, insect eggs and toxic substances in the organic matrix, currently, chemical disinfection and physical disinfection are mainly used. The physical disinfection includes high-temperature exposure and steam disinfection.

[0053] The high-temperature exposure method refers to continuous exposure at high temperature to kill bacteria, insect eggs and toxic substances, but the high-temperature exposure method has a long duration and low efficiency, and the nutrients and organic matter in the organic substrate are easily decomposed and volatilized during the high-temperature exposure process, resulting in a decrease in the fertility of the organic substrate; the steam sterilization method refers to the use of high-temperature steam (80-100 DEG C) to penetrate the substrate and kill bacteria, insect eggs and toxic substances through thermal action, but the high-temperature steam promotes the decomposition of part of the organic matter, releases ammonia or phenolic substances, reduces the water retention and nutrient content, and thus also causes the soil fertility to decrease, at the same time, the steam sterilization method needs to use special equipment, which increases the cost, and the high-temperature steam also has a significant killing effect on the beneficial bacteria in the organic substrate, resulting in a significant decrease in the microbial abundance in the organic substrate, which needs subsequent manual supplement of microorganisms, and the steam sterilization method also increases carbon emissions.

[0054] The chemical agent sterilization method refers to the use of chemical agents (such as pesticides) to kill bacteria and insect eggs in the cultivation substrate, the chemical agents can effectively kill bacteria, insect eggs and the like, and the chemical agents are easily left in the organic substrate, which may enter the food chain through crops and increase the food safety hidden danger, the chemical agents also kill beneficial microorganisms when killing bacteria and insect eggs, resulting in an imbalance of the microecology of the organic substrate, and the chemical agents also easily cause the pathogen to develop drug resistance.

[0055] Therefore, based on the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a preparation method of an organic substrate, which comprises the following steps:

[0056] The mixture is stacked to form a stack, and when the temperature of the stack rises to a target temperature, the stack is maintained for 48-72 hours and turned over to obtain the organic substrate; the target temperature is 60-68 DEG C;

[0057] The number of times of turning over is greater than or equal to 3 times;

[0058] The mixture comprises a base material, fungus chaff and water; the base material comprises a substrate, organic matter raw material and mineral matter raw material, and the mass ratio of them is substrate: organic matter raw material: mineral matter raw material = (60-150): (16-36): (0-2);

[0059] The fungus chaff contains a bacterial agent with a tolerance temperature greater than or equal to the target temperature, and the bacterial agent comprises at least one of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, actinomycetes, rhizopus, mucor, rhizosphere bacteria, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma.

[0060] The application uses the inoculant containing the temperature tolerance greater than or equal to the stacking target temperature as the fungus straw, and stacks the mixture material including the base material, the fungus straw and water to form a stack, and the substrate: organic matter raw material: mineral raw material with a mass ratio of (60-150):(16-36):(0-2) is used as the base material, in the process of natural fermentation of the stack, the stack temperature is controlled to be 60-68 DEG C, the time is 48-72h, and the stack is turned over for not less than three times, the high temperature generated by the microorganism fermentation in the fungus straw is used to kill the disease bacteria and insect eggs in the organic substrate, the disease bacteria and insect eggs in the organic substrate are completely killed, the probiotics are expanded and enriched in the process of natural fermentation, the abundance of the probiotics in the organic substrate is ensured, the probiotics can further decompose the harmful substances in the organic substrate, the microbial protection barrier of the crops (such as vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines and fruits) is promoted to form rapidly in the process of cultivation and seedling raising, the growth of the crop roots is promoted, the immunity of the crops is improved, the growth of the crops is promoted, the disease resistance of the crops is effectively improved, the physical and chemical properties of the organic substrate are effectively optimized, the water holding capacity and the aeration of the organic substrate are increased, the germination rate and the emergence rate of the crops are effectively improved, and the economic value of the crops is improved, the organic substrate of the application does not need to use pesticides and chemical fertilizers, the method of the application has low carbon emission, is ecological and natural, safe and reliable, can effectively save energy, and has a wide application prospect.

[0061] In the application, the application inventor finds that the temperature and the holding time of the stack have a significant influence on the technical effect, by controlling the stack temperature to be 60-68 DEG C and the holding time to be 48-72h, on the one hand, the disease bacteria and insect eggs can be killed, the diseases in the cultivation process are reduced, the microbial activity is promoted, and the decomposition of the organic matter is accelerated to generate the nutrients and growth factors beneficial to the germination of the crops; on the other hand, the structure of the organic substrate is loose, the aeration is good, and the water holding capacity is good, and the root development of the crops is effectively promoted; if the stack temperature and the time deviate from the range of the application, either the disease bacteria and insect eggs cannot be killed, the microbial activity is insufficient, and the organic matter cannot be effectively decomposed, or the microorganisms are inactivated, the substrate is over-mineralized, the physical structure of the organic substrate is damaged, the porosity and the water holding capacity are reduced, therefore, the stack temperature and the holding time need to be strictly controlled in the range of the application, so that the insect eggs and disease bacteria are completely killed, the abundance of the probiotics in the organic substrate is ensured, the physical and chemical indexes of the organic substrate are more suitable for the growth of the crops, and the yield and the quality of the crops are effectively improved.

[0062] In the application, the substrate, the organic matter raw material and the mineral raw material with a mass ratio of (60-150):(16-36):(0-2) are used as the base material, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the organic substrate is balanced, the stack is more easily heated and fermented, the heat generated by the fermentation can reach the target temperature (60-68 DEG C), and the target temperature can be maintained for a suitable time (48-72h), so that the insect eggs and disease bacteria are killed.

[0063] In addition, the inventors of the present application have found that the fermentation process of the base material in the proportions described in the present application and under the conditions described in the present application can achieve an increase in the volume of the substrate, i.e. the substrate is regenerated by the method of the present application. Specifically, the proportion of the base material is high in the proportion of the organic matter raw material, which achieves an increase in the weight of the substrate. The base material is combined with the fungus dregs of the present application to achieve the fermentation process under the conditions described in the present application. In the fermentation process, the microorganisms destroy the physical structure of the substrate, the organic matter raw material and the mineral matter raw material in the base material, so that the substrate, the organic matter raw material and the mineral matter raw material are decomposed into smaller particles, the organic matter is decomposed into carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia and small molecule metabolites, the carbon dioxide, water vapor and ammonia overflow, resulting in more pores in the organic substrate, improving the porosity of the organic substrate, making the organic substrate more fluffy, forming loose and homogeneous humus, and achieving an increase in the volume of the substrate. That is, the substrate can be regenerated by the method of the present application, and the weight and volume of the substrate can be increased by 15-25% after each treatment. The substrate is recycled after use, which not only achieves the recycling of the substrate, but also achieves the recycling of the substrate.

[0064] In addition, after the method described in the present application, the maturity of the substrate is significantly improved, the aeration and water retention are significantly improved, the nutrients are released at a pile temperature of 60-68℃, further improving the fertility of the organic substrate, and by adding a specific amount of organic matter raw material and mineral matter raw material, the physical and chemical properties of the substrate can be improved, the substrate has good porosity, aeration and drainage, avoids the substrate being too compact or loose, improves the water retention capacity of the substrate, provides sufficient carbon, nitrogen and other nutrients for the substrate, promotes the activity of microorganisms, promotes the transformation of nutrients, improves the stability of the substrate, and further improves the germination rate and emergence rate of crops.

[0065] The inventors of the present application have found that when the amount of the substrate, the organic matter raw material and the mineral matter raw material deviates from the range of the present application (i.e. not within the range defined in the present application), either the heat generated by the fermentation is insufficient to reach the target temperature (or it is not possible to maintain the target temperature for a sufficient period of time), or the duration at the target temperature is not controllable (or the temperature is too high), which affects the physical and chemical indicators of the substrate and the growth of crops.

[0066] The fungus dregs containing a fungus agent that can tolerate a temperature greater than or equal to the target temperature means that the fungus dregs contain a fungus that can survive, grow or maintain activity at a temperature greater than or equal to the target temperature, i.e. the fungus dregs contain at least one fungus that can maintain activity at a temperature greater than or equal to the target temperature.

[0067] The selection of the base material and the fungus dregs is crucial for whether the temperature of the pile can rise to the target temperature and whether it can be maintained at the target temperature for 48-72 hours. If the proportion of the components of the base material or the selection of the fungus agent in the fungus dregs is not appropriate, the temperature of the pile cannot reach the target temperature or cannot be maintained for a sufficient time after reaching the target temperature, and the pathogens, insect eggs, etc. cannot be fully killed.

[0068] In some embodiments, the target temperature is 64-66°C, for example, it can be 64°C, 64.5°C, 65°C, 65.5°C, 66°C, or a range formed by any two of them, especially when the target temperature of the pile is controlled to be 64-66°C, the decomposition of organic matter can be more fully promoted, the degradation of lignin, cellulose and other difficult-to-decompose substances can be accelerated, the pathogens and insect eggs can be effectively killed, the over-mineralization of the organic substrate can be avoided, the imbalance of the carbon-nitrogen ratio can be avoided, the fertility of the substrate can be effectively improved, the germination rate and emergence rate of crops can be improved, and the healthy growth of crops can be promoted.

[0069] In some embodiments, the time for maintaining is 54-60 hours, for example, it can be 54 hours, 56 hours, 58 hours, 60 hours, or a range formed by any two of them, especially when the time is controlled to be in this range, the structure of the organic substrate can be avoided to be too loose or the organic substrate can be avoided to be clumped, the stability of the organic substrate can be improved, at the same time, the loss of nutrients in the form of volatile gas can be avoided, the nutrient loss can be avoided, the organic substrate can maintain good nutrient balance, the decomposition of organic matter can be more effectively promoted, the humidity, porosity and aeration of the organic substrate can reach the ideal level, a good growth environment can be provided for the growth of crops, the healthy development of the root system of crops can be helped, and the germination rate and emergence rate of crops can be further improved.

[0070] In some embodiments, the substrate includes peat soil. The peat soil is used as the substrate in the present application, has excellent air permeability, water retention capacity and chemical stability, can absorb and retain a large amount of water, can prevent root deficiency and oxygen deficiency, reduce the occurrence of root rot, improve the structure of the organic substrate, promote the penetration of water and air, prevent the organic substrate from being too compact, is conducive to the growth of the root system of crops, and further improves the germination rate and emergence rate of crops.

[0071] In some embodiments, the substrate includes a recycled organic substrate, and when the recycled organic substrate is used as the substrate, after each crop is harvested, the organic substrate is recycled, and according to the formula design, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and mineral materials are added again, and in the process of natural fermentation of the compost, the high temperature generated by the microorganisms in the compost is used to completely kill the roots, potential pathogens, insect eggs, and toxic substances in the organic substrate, and a large number of beneficial microbial flora and organic nutrients are supplemented, which promotes the rapid formation of a microbial protective barrier for crops, promotes the growth of crop roots, improves the immunity of crops, promotes the growth of crops, effectively improves the disease resistance of crops, and effectively optimizes the physicochemical properties of the organic substrate, increases the water holding capacity and aeration of the organic substrate, realizes the recycling and regeneration of the organic substrate, reduces the cost of substrate procurement, avoids the risk of pesticide residues and heavy metal accumulation, and does not use any pesticides and fertilizers for each organic substrate, thereby promoting the sustainable development of organic substrate cultivation.

[0072] In some embodiments, the organic matter raw material includes at least one of a carbon source and a nitrogen source.

[0073] The carbon source includes at least one of straw, sawdust, coconut husk, bran, rice husk, activated carbon, starch, glucose, molasses, lignin, and cellulose.

[0074] The nitrogen source includes at least one of urea, soybean meal, peanut cake, fish meal, blood meal, peptone, beef extract, and yeast extract.

[0075] In some embodiments, the mineral raw material includes at least one of perlite, yellow phosphorus slag, phosphorus tailings, olivine, zeolite, calcined shell powder, attapulgite, medical stone, and dolomite.

[0076] In some embodiments, the organic matter raw material includes a carbon source and a nitrogen source, and the mass ratio of the carbon source to the nitrogen source is (15-30):(1-6). When the mass ratio of the carbon source to the nitrogen source is (15-30):(1-6), the organic substrate has a suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio, can provide sufficient nutrient components for the organic substrate, promote the activity of microorganisms, promote nutrient transformation, improve the stability of the organic substrate, and further improve the germination rate and emergence rate of crops within the target range of physicochemical properties of the organic substrate.

[0077] When the mass ratio of the carbon source to the nitrogen source deviates from the range of the present application, either the nitrogen source is excessive, in which case it is difficult to maintain a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time, and an excessive nitrogen source is prone to attract pests during subsequent crop planting, which is not conducive to crop growth; or the carbon source is excessive, in which case the nitrogen source is prone to be insufficient in the subsequent process, and the physicochemical indicators of the substrate are prone to be affected, which is not conducive to crop growth.

[0078] In some embodiments, the preparation method of the mixture comprises: mixing the inoculant and the activating base, adding sugar water, and activating to obtain the inoculum.

[0079] By mixing the inoculant and the rice bran, and then activating with sugar water, the number of microorganisms can be increased, a stable microbial community can be formed, and the microorganisms can be promoted to reproduce rapidly in the fermentation process of the pile, and the organic matter can be effectively degraded.

[0080] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the inoculant, the activating base, and the sugar water is (1-5):(20-100):(10-50).

[0081] In some embodiments, the activating base comprises at least one of rice bran, corn powder, wheat bran, soybean meal, wood ash, and rotten skin.

[0082] In some embodiments, the sugar water contains 1-50% of sugar, for example, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, or a range formed by any two of them.

[0083] In some embodiments, the activating temperature is 25-37°C, and the time is 2-10h.

[0084] In some embodiments, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria comprise at least one of Azotobacter chroococcum CGMCC 1.496, Azotobacter chroococcum CICC 21686, and Azotobacter chroococcum BNCC 336703. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria (especially Azotobacter chroococcum) can provide nitrogen nutrition for crops, has high nitrogen-fixing efficiency and strong nitrogen-fixing ability, effectively improves the fertility of the organic substrate, and promotes the growth of crops.

[0085] In some embodiments, the nitrifying bacteria comprise Nitrobacter winogradskyi ATCC 25391. The nitrifying bacteria (especially Nitrobacter winogradskyi) can promote the transformation of nitrogen, convert organic matter into nitrate nitrogen, maintain nitrogen balance, promote the absorption of nitrogen by crops, and improve the absorption efficiency.

[0086] In some embodiments, the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria comprise Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253. The sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (especially Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans) can oxidize sulfide in the organic substrate into sulfate, or reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide through a reduction reaction, help the circulation of sulfur in the organic substrate, increase the absorbable sulfur elements in the organic substrate for crops, and sulfur is essential for the synthesis of amino acids, proteins, and enzymes in crops. Through the sulfur-oxidizing effect, the degradation of organic matter in the organic substrate can also be improved.

[0087] In some embodiments, the lactic acid bacteria include at least one of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6075 and Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 1.9087. The lactic acid bacteria, especially Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum, can produce lactic acid by fermentation in the organic substrate, help to inhibit the growth of harmful pathogenic microorganisms, reduce the pH value of the organic substrate, inhibit the spread of harmful flora, help plants maintain a healthy growth environment, promote the decomposition of organic matter in the organic substrate, synthesize physiological active substances such as amino acids and sugars, and improve the disease resistance of the organic substrate.

[0088] In some embodiments, the yeast includes Pichia pastoris CICC 33192. The yeast, especially Pichia pastoris, mainly produces beneficial metabolites such as organic acids, vitamins, and enzymes through fermentation. In the organic substrate, it helps to improve the microbial environment of the soil, promotes plant growth, participates in the decomposition of organic matter, and releases nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that are beneficial to plants.

[0089] In some embodiments, the actinomycete includes Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156. The actinomycete can decompose organic matter and is a key microorganism for cellulose, lignin, and other complex organic matter. It can produce antibiotics during the decomposition process to inhibit harmful pathogenic bacteria, increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve the soil structure, and at the same time inhibit pathogenic bacteria in the organic substrate, enhance the disease resistance of crops, protect the root system, and promote the growth of the root system.

[0090] In some embodiments, the Rhizopus includes Rhizopus BNCC 357852 and Rhizopus oryzae CGMCC 3.12102. The Rhizopus can increase the organic matter content of the organic substrate, improve the structure of the organic substrate, promote the growth of the root system of crops, and help to improve the aeration and water retention capacity of the organic substrate.

[0091] In some embodiments, the Mucor includes Mucor ATCC 64208. The Mucor promotes the absorption of nutrients by the root system, especially the absorption of phosphorus and other minerals, through symbiotic relationship with the root system of crops, and at the same time improves the permeability of the organic substrate, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of plants.

[0092] In some embodiments, the Rhizosphere includes at least one of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CGMCC 1.15674. The Rhizosphere, especially Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, forms a symbiotic body with the root system of plants, expands the area of water and fertilizer absorption of the root system, improves the absorption efficiency of nutrients and water by plants, enhances the stress resistance of crops, significantly improves the nutritional status of crops, and promotes the growth of crops.

[0093] In some embodiments, the Bacillus subtilis includes at least one of Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 and Bacillus subtilis CICC 21223, which helps to inhibit harmful microorganisms in the soil, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and promote plant growth, and can also promote the release of nutrients by decomposing organic matter, and improve soil fertility.

[0094] In some embodiments, the Trichoderma includes Trichoderma virens BNCC 341615, which can secrete a variety of antibiotics to effectively inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic bacteria, and can also secrete a variety of hydrolytic enzymes and plant growth regulators to effectively promote plant root development and plant growth, and can also promote the mineralization of organic matter and improve the air permeability of organic substrates.

[0095] In some embodiments, the microbial agent includes nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, rhizosphere bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis, and the mass ratio of the nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, rhizosphere bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis is nitrifying bacteria:sulfur bacteria:yeast:actinomycetes:rhizosphere bacteria:Bacillus subtilis = 1:(0.1-1):(0.2-1.5):(0.2-2):(0.2-2):(1-3).

[0096] In some embodiments, the microbial agent includes nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, rhizosphere bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis, and the mass ratio of the nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, rhizosphere bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis is nitrifying bacteria:sulfur bacteria:yeast:actinomycetes:rhizosphere bacteria:Bacillus subtilis = 1:(0.2-0.6):(0.4-0.8):(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5):(1.5-2), and especially when the microbial agent is used in such a mass ratio, it can effectively promote the decomposition of organic matter, inhibit harmful microorganisms, reduce the occurrence of diseases, promote crop root growth, improve crop immunity, and promote the healthy growth of crops.

[0097] In some embodiments, the "turning over" is a term in the art, which refers to a process of mixing, turning over, and re-stacking the materials inside and outside the pile by manual or mechanical means.

[0098] In some embodiments, the number of times of turning over is 3-10 times, such as 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 7 times, 8 times, 9 times, 10 times, or a range formed by any two of the above values.

[0099] In some embodiments, the moisture content of the mixed materials is 45-65%, such as 45%, 48%, 50%, 52%, 55%, 58%, 60%, 65%, or a range formed by any two of the above values.

[0100] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the substrate to the inoculum residue is 1:(0.005-0.01), for example, it can be a range of 1:0.005, 1:0.006, 1:0.007, 1:0.008, 1:0.009, 1:0.01 or any combination thereof. By controlling the ratio of substrate to inoculum residue within this range, the microbial content of the organic matrix can be significantly increased, the microbial abundance can be increased, the organic matter conversion can be promoted, the nutrients and hormones in the organic matrix can be balanced, crop absorption can be promoted, crop immunity can be improved, and the germination rate and seedling emergence rate of crops can be further improved.

[0101] The height of the stockpile is 0.5 to 2 m, and the width is 0.5 to 4 m.

[0102] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the organic matrix includes the following steps:

[0103] The substrate, organic raw materials, and mineral raw materials are layered according to the ratio. Water is added to adjust the moisture content, and then the inoculum is added and stirred evenly to obtain a mixture. The mixture is piled up to form a stockpile. When the stockpile temperature rises to 60-68℃, it is maintained for 36-60 hours and turned over 1-4 times to obtain the organic substrate.

[0104] In some embodiments, the organic matrix has an organic matter content ≥35% and a cation exchange capacity (in NH4+). + (Calculated) ≥30 cmol / kg, conductivity 0.2~4 mS / cm, bulk density 0.1~0.6 g / cm³ 3 The total porosity is 75-85%, the total nitrogen content is 5-100 g / kg, the total phosphorus content is 0.5-10 g / kg, and the total potassium content is 2-20 g / kg.

[0105] In some embodiments, the organic matrix has an organic matter content of 50-60% and a cation exchange capacity (in NH4+). + Its concentration (calculated) is 80–100 cmol / kg, its conductivity is 3–4 mS / cm, and its bulk density is 0.1–0.3 g / cm³. 3 The total porosity is 75-85%, the total nitrogen content is 10-20 g / kg, the total phosphorus content is 1-4 g / kg, and the total potassium content is 8-15 g / kg.

[0106] One embodiment of this application provides an organic matrix prepared using the preparation method described above.

[0107] One embodiment of this application provides the application of an organic substrate in crop seedling raising and / or crop cultivation.

[0108] In some embodiments, the crop includes at least one of vegetables, traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, and fruits.

[0109] In some embodiments, the vegetables include at least one of lettuce, cabbage, mustard, flowering cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, artichoke, cabbage, okra, solanaceous fruit, root vegetable, pumpkin, bitter gourd, sponge gourd, zucchini, leaf beet, amaranth, spinach, celery, aromatic vegetable.

[0110] In some embodiments, the vegetables include at least one of lettuce, cabbage, mustard, flowering cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, artichoke, cabbage, okra, solanaceous fruit, root vegetable, pumpkin, bitter gourd, sponge gourd, zucchini, leaf beet, amaranth, spinach, celery, aromatic vegetable.

[0111] In some embodiments, the vegetables include at least one of lettuce, cabbage, mustard, flowering cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, artichoke, cabbage, okra, solanaceous fruit, root vegetable, pumpkin, bitter gourd, sponge gourd, zucchini, leaf beet, amaranth, spinach, celery, aromatic vegetable.

[0112] In some embodiments, the vegetables include at least one of lettuce, cabbage, mustard, flowering cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, artichoke, cabbage, okra, solanaceous fruit, root vegetable, pumpkin, bitter gourd, sponge gourd, zucchini, leaf beet, amaranth, spinach, celery, aromatic vegetable.

[0113] In some embodiments, the vegetables include at least one of lettuce, cabbage, mustard, flowering cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, artichoke, cabbage, okra, solanaceous fruit, root vegetable, pumpkin, bitter gourd, sponge gourd, zucchini, leaf beet, amaranth, spinach, celery, aromatic vegetable.

[0114] In some embodiments, the vegetables include at least one of lettuce, cabbage, mustard, flowering cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, artichoke, cabbage, okra, solanaceous fruit, root vegetable, pumpkin, bitter gourd, sponge gourd, zucchini, leaf beet, amaranth, spinach, celery, aromatic vegetable.

[0115] In some embodiments, the vegetables include at least one of lettuce, cabbage, mustard, flowering cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, artichoke, cabbage, okra, solanaceous fruit, root vegetable, pumpkin, bitter gourd, sponge gourd, zucchini, leaf beet, amaranth, spinach, celery, aromatic vegetable.

[0116] In some embodiments, the vegetables include at least one of lettuce, cabbage, mustard, flowering cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, artichoke, cabbage, okra, solanaceous fruit, root vegetable, pumpkin, bitter gourd, sponge gourd, zucchini, leaf beet, amaranth, spinach, celery, aromatic vegetable.

[0117] In some embodiments, the vegetables include at least one of lettuce, cabbage, mustard, flowering cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, artichoke, cabbage, okra, solanaceous fruit, root vegetable, pumpkin, bitter gourd, sponge gourd, zucchini, leaf beet, amaranth, spinach, celery, aromatic vegetable.

[0118] In some embodiments, the Chinese herbal medicines include at least one of ginseng, fritillaria, atractylodes, medlar, astragalus, perilla, scrophulariaceae, dandelion, andrographis, honeysuckle, gynostemma, chrysanthemum, dendrobium officinale, panax notoginseng, salvia miltiorrhiza, gastrodia elata, ganoderma lucidum, bletilla striata, licorice, mint, basil, marigold.

[0119] In some embodiments, the fruits include at least one of strawberry, watermelon, melon, blueberry, grape, dragon fruit, fig, passion fruit, orange, lemon, pineapple, papaya, apple, guava, citrus.

[0120] The following examples are provided to facilitate an understanding of the present application. The provision of these examples is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0121] Example 1

[0122] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the steps of:

[0123] The microbial agent, rice bran are mixed uniformly, and 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activated at 35℃ for 5h to obtain the microbial rice bran; the mass ratio of the microbial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the microbial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolicus ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0124] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the microbial rice bran by total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0125] The mixture material is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, the stack is maintained for 60h as shown in Figure 1 ;

[0126] The stack is turned over, and the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, the stack is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over again, and the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, the stack is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over again, and the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, the stack is maintained for 60h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0127] Example 2

[0128] A preparation method of an organic substrate comprises the following steps:

[0129] The microbial agent, rice bran are mixed uniformly, and 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activated at 35℃ for 5h to obtain the microbial rice bran; the mass ratio of the microbial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the microbial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolicus ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0130] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the microbial rice bran by total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0131] The mixture is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 66℃, it is maintained for 60 h;

[0132] The stack is turned over, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 66℃, it is maintained for 54 h; the stack is turned over again, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 66℃, it is maintained for 54 h; the stack is turned over again, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 66℃, it is maintained for 54 h; the stack is turned over again, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 66℃, it is maintained for 54 h, thereby obtaining the organic substrate.

[0133] Example 3

[0134] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0135] The bacterial agent and rice bran are uniformly mixed, 30% brown sugar water is added, and activation is performed at 35℃ for 5 h to obtain bacterial rice bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran, and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolus ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265, and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 at a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0136] The peat soil, rice husk, bran, peanut cake, and perlite are sequentially layered according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial rice bran based on the total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0137] The mixture is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 60℃, it is maintained for 72 h, as shown in Figure 2

[0138] The stack is turned over, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 60℃, it is maintained for 72 h; the stack is turned over again, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 60℃, it is maintained for 72 h; the stack is turned over again, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 60℃, it is maintained for 72 h; the stack is turned over again, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 60℃, it is maintained for 72 h, thereby obtaining the organic substrate.

[0139] Example 4

[0140] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0141] ​The bacterial agent, rice bran are mixed uniformly, and 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activation is carried out at 35 DEG C for 5h to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolicus ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0142] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial bran of the total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0143] The mixture material is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 68 DEG C, it is maintained for 48h;

[0144] The stack is turned over, and the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 68 DEG C, it is maintained for 48h; the stack is turned over; the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 68 DEG C, it is maintained for 48h; the stack is turned over; the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 68 DEG C, it is maintained for 48h, to obtain an organic substrate.

[0145] Example 5

[0146] A preparation method of an organic substrate comprises the following steps:

[0147] The bacterial agent, rice bran are mixed uniformly, and 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activation is carried out at 35 DEG C for 5h to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolicus ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0148] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial bran of the total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0149] The mixture is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h;

[0150] The stack is turned over, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0151] Example 6

[0152] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0153] The inoculant and rice bran are uniformly mixed, 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activation is performed at 35℃ for 5 h to obtain inoculated rice bran; the mass ratio of the inoculant, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the inoculant comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolus ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 at a mass ratio of 1:0.1:1.5:0.2:2:1.

[0154] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the inoculated rice bran by mass of the total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0155] The mixture is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h;

[0156] The stack is turned over, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0157] Example 7

[0158] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0159] The microbial agent, rice bran are mixed uniformly, 30% brown sugar water is added, and activation is carried out at 35℃ for 5h to obtain the microbial rice bran; the mass ratio of the microbial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the microbial agent comprises Azotobacter chroococcum CGMCC 1.496, Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6075, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0160] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are sequentially placed layer by layer according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the microbial rice bran of the total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0161] The mixture material is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, the stack is maintained for 60h;

[0162] The stack is turned over, and the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, the stack is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over; the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, the stack is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over; the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, the stack is maintained for 60h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0163] Example 8

[0164] A preparation method of an organic substrate comprises the following steps:

[0165] The microbial agent, rice bran are mixed uniformly, 30% brown sugar water is added, and activation is carried out at 35℃ for 5h to obtain the microbial rice bran; the mass ratio of the microbial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the microbial agent comprises Azotobacter chroococcum CGMCC 1.496, Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6075, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0166] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are sequentially placed layer by layer according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the microbial rice bran of the total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0167] The mixture is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h;

[0168] The stack is turned over, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0169] Example 9

[0170] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0171] The bacterial agent and rice bran are uniformly mixed, 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activation is carried out at 35℃ for 5 h to obtain bacterial rice bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolicus ATCC 25391, Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 1.9087, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Rhizopus oryzae CGMCC 3.12102 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0172] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial rice bran by mass of the total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0173] The mixture is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h;

[0174] The stack is turned over, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0175] Example 10

[0176] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0177] The bacterial agent, rice bran are mixed uniformly, and 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activated at 35℃ for 5h to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolicus ATCC 25391, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0178] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial bran by mass of the total base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0179] The mixture material is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, it is maintained for 60h;

[0180] The stack is turned over, and the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, it is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over; the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, it is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over; the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, it is maintained for 60h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0181] Example 11

[0182] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0183] The bacterial agent, rice bran are mixed uniformly, and 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activated at 35℃ for 5h to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolicus ATCC 25391, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0184] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial bran by mass of the total base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0185] The mixture material is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, it is maintained for 60h;

[0186] Turning, re-piling to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, when the center temperature of the pile rises to 64℃, maintaining for 60 h; turning; re-piling to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, when the center temperature of the pile rises to 64℃, maintaining for 60 h; turning; re-piling to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, when the center temperature of the pile rises to 64℃, maintaining for 60 h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0187] Example 12

[0188] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0189] Mixing the microbial agent and rice bran uniformly, adding 30% mass fraction of brown sugar water, and activating at 35℃ for 5 h to obtain the fungus-rice bran; the mass ratio of the microbial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the microbial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolicus ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:1.5:1.5.

[0190] Layered placing the peat, rice husk, bran and peanut cake according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, adding water to adjust the moisture content to 55%, adding 1% of the total mass of the base material of the fungus-rice bran, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture material;

[0191] Piling the mixture material to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, when the center temperature of the pile rises to 64℃, maintaining for 60 h;

[0192] Turning, re-piling to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, when the center temperature of the pile rises to 64℃, maintaining for 60 h; turning; re-piling to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, when the center temperature of the pile rises to 64℃, maintaining for 60 h; turning; re-piling to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, when the center temperature of the pile rises to 64℃, maintaining for 60 h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0193] Example 13

[0194] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0195] The bacterial agent, rice bran are mixed uniformly, and 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activated at 35℃ for 5h to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 5:20:10, and the bacterial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolicus ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0196] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial bran of the total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0197] The mixture material is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, it is maintained for 60h;

[0198] The stack is turned over, and the stack is reformed to have a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, it is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over; the stack is reformed to have a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, it is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over; the stack is reformed to have a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, it is maintained for 60h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0199] Example 14

[0200] A preparation method of an organic substrate comprises the following steps:

[0201] The bacterial agent, rice bran are mixed uniformly, and 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activated at 35℃ for 5h to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 5:20:10, and the bacterial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolicus ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0202] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 80:15:10:5 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial bran of the total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0203] The mixture is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h;

[0204] The stack is turned over, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0205] Example 15

[0206] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0207] The bacterial agent and rice bran are uniformly mixed, 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activation is performed at 35℃ for 5 h to obtain bacterial rice bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent comprises Variovorax nitroreducens ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0208] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are sequentially placed in layers according to a mass ratio of 60:15:15:6 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial rice bran by mass of the total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0209] The mixture is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h;

[0210] The stack is turned over, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0211] Example 16

[0212] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0213] The bacterial agent, rice bran are mixed uniformly, and 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activated at 35°C for 5h to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolus ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0214] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 150:7.5:7.5:1 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial bran of the total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0215] The mixture material is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64°C, it is maintained for 60h;

[0216] The stack is turned over, and the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64°C, it is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over; the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64°C, it is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over; the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64°C, it is maintained for 60h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0217] Example 17

[0218] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0219] The bacterial agent, rice bran are mixed uniformly, and 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activated at 35°C for 5h to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolus ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0220] The cultivated waste cultivation substrate (recycled cultivation substrate), rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial bran of the total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0221] The mixture is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h;

[0222] The stack is turned over, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h, thereby obtaining the organic substrate.

[0223] Example 18

[0224] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0225] The bacterial agent and rice bran are uniformly mixed, 30% brown sugar water is added, and activation is carried out at 35℃ for 5 h to obtain bacterial rice bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolus ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0226] The peat soil, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial rice bran based on the total mass of the base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0227] The mixture is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h;

[0228] The stack is turned over, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h; the stack is turned over again; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and when the center temperature of the stack reaches 64℃, it is maintained for 60 h, thereby obtaining the organic substrate.

[0229] Comparative Example 1

[0230] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0231] The bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water are mixed uniformly, 30% brown sugar water is added, and the mixture is activated at 35℃ for 5h to obtain the bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent comprises Bacillus licheniformis CICC 22678, Candida tropicalis CICC 1316, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 at a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.5:1.5.

[0232] The cultivation substrate, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial bran of the total mass of the base material is added and stirred uniformly to obtain a mixture material;

[0233] The mixture material is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 55℃, it is maintained for 60h;

[0234] The stack is turned over, and the stack is reformed to have a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 55℃, it is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over; the stack is reformed to have a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 55℃, it is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over; the stack is reformed to have a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 55℃, it is maintained for 60h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0235] Comparative Example 2

[0236] A preparation method of an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0237] The bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water are mixed uniformly, 30% brown sugar water is added, and the mixture is activated at 35℃ for 5h to obtain the bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent comprises Bacillus licheniformis CICC 22678, Candida tropicalis CICC 1316, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 at a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.5:1.5.

[0238] The cultivation substrate, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered and placed according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the bacterial bran of the total mass of the base material is added and stirred uniformly to obtain a mixture material;

[0239] The mixture material is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 72℃, it is maintained for 60h;

[0240] Piling up, re-piling to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, when the center temperature of the pile rises to 72℃, keep for 60h; Piling up; re-piling to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, when the center temperature of the pile rises to 72℃, keep for 60h; Piling up; re-piling to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, when the center temperature of the pile rises to 72℃, keep for 60h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0241] Comparative Example 3

[0242] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0243] Mix the inoculant and rice bran uniformly, add 30% red sugar water by mass fraction, and activate at 35℃ for 5h to obtain the inoculated rice bran; the mass ratio of the inoculant, rice bran and red sugar water is 1:100:30, and the inoculant comprises Variovorax nitroreducens ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0244] Pile up the cultivation substrate, rice husk, bran and peanut cake layer by layer according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain the base material, add water to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and add 1% of the inoculated rice bran by mass of the total mass of the base material, and stir uniformly to obtain the mixed material;

[0245] Pile up the mixed material to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, and keep for 24h when the center temperature of the pile rises to 64℃;

[0246] Pile up, re-piling to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, when the center temperature of the pile rises to 64℃, keep for 24h; Piling up; re-piling to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, when the center temperature of the pile rises to 64℃, keep for 24h; Piling up; re-piling to form a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m, when the center temperature of the pile rises to 64℃, keep for 24h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0247] Comparative Example 4

[0248] A method for preparing an organic substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0249] The inoculant and rice bran are mixed uniformly, 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activation is carried out at 35℃ for 5h to obtain the fungus-rice bran; the mass ratio of the inoculant, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the inoculant comprises Variovorax nitroreducens ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0250] The cultivation substrate, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are sequentially placed layer by layer according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the fungus-rice bran by mass of the total base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0251] The mixture material is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, the stack is maintained for 96h;

[0252] The stack is turned over, and the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, the stack is maintained for 96h; the stack is turned over again, and the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, the stack is maintained for 96h; the stack is turned over again, and the mixture material is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64℃, the stack is maintained for 96h, to obtain the organic substrate.

[0253] Comparative Example 5

[0254] A preparation method of an organic substrate comprises the following steps:

[0255] The inoculant and rice bran are mixed uniformly, 30% brown sugar water by mass fraction is added, and activation is carried out at 35℃ for 5h to obtain the fungus-rice bran; the mass ratio of the inoculant, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the inoculant comprises Variovorax nitroreducens ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 with a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0256] The cultivation substrate, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are sequentially placed layer by layer according to a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the fungus-rice bran by mass of the total base material is added and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture material;

[0257] The mixed materials were piled up to a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile reached 64℃, it was kept there for 60 hours.

[0258] Turn the pile over; rebuild the pile to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h; turn the pile over; rebuild the pile to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0259] Comparative Example 6

[0260] A method for preparing an organic matrix includes the following steps:

[0261] The microbial agent and rice bran are mixed evenly, and 30% brown sugar water is added. The mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain microbial bran. The mass ratio of the microbial agent, rice bran, and brown sugar water is 1:100:30. The microbial agent includes *Nitrifying Bacillus vesiculosus* ATCC 25391, *Sulphurobacterium acidophilus* ATCC 700253, *Pichia pastoris* CICC 33192, *Actinomyces* CGMCC 4.7156, *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* BNCC 195265, and *Bacillus subtilis* CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0262] Peat moss, rice husks, wheat bran, and peanut cake are layered in a mass ratio of 50:20:20:0.5 to obtain the base material. Water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%. 1% of the total mass of the base material is added as mushroom bran, and the mixture is stirred evenly to obtain the mixture.

[0263] The mixed materials were piled up to a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile reached 64℃, it was kept there for 60 hours.

[0264] Turn the pile over and rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60 hours. Turn the pile over again. If the temperature cannot reach 64℃ after rebuilding, when the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 55℃, maintain it for 60 hours. Turn the pile over again and rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 50℃, maintain it for 60 hours to obtain the organic matrix.

[0265] Comparative Example 7

[0266] A method for preparing an organic matrix includes the following steps:

[0267] The bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water are uniformly mixed, 30% by mass of brown sugar water is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5h to obtain the bacterial rice bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent comprises Variovorax nitroguajacolicus ATCC 25391, Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 at a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0268] The peat, rice husk, bran and peanut cake are layered according to a mass ratio of 160:5:5:10 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material is added to the bacterial rice bran, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture;

[0269] The mixture is stacked to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64°C, it is maintained for 60h;

[0270] The stack is turned over, and the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64°C, it is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64°C, it is maintained for 60h; the stack is turned over; the mixture is stacked again to form a stack with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m, and when the center temperature of the stack rises to 64°C, it is maintained for 60h to obtain the organic substrate.

[0271] Test Example

[0272] 1. Heavy metal detection

[0273] The organic substrate of Example 3 is subjected to heavy metal detection, as shown in Table 1.

[0274] Table 1

[0275]

[0276]

[0277] As can be seen from Table 1, the organic substrate described in the application can effectively avoid the risk of heavy metal pollution and effectively prevent the accumulation of heavy metals.

[0278] 2. The detection of the physical and chemical indexes of the organic substrate of Example 1 is shown in Table 2.

[0279] Table 2

[0280]

[0281] As can be seen from Table 2, the organic substrate described in the application has good physicochemical properties, so that the organic substrate has good porosity, air permeability and drainage, avoids that the substrate is too compact or loose, improves the water retention capacity of the substrate, provides sufficient carbon, nitrogen and other nutrient components for the organic substrate, promotes the activity of microorganisms, promotes the conversion of nutrients, improves the stability of the organic substrate, and further improves the germination rate and emergence rate of crops.

[0282] 3. The organic substrates prepared from the examples and comparative examples were used for cultivation tests of different crops under the same conditions. 300 seeds were sown for each example and comparative example, and the emergence rate was calculated. After emergence, 200 plants were planted for Examples 1-18 and Comparative Examples 1-6 (150 plants for Comparative Example 7 due to low emergence rate). During the planting process, the only difference was the substrate, and other cultivation conditions were exactly the same. The tomato, mustard and lettuce cultivated from Example 1 had the emergence rate, survival rate and disease and pest rate as shown in Table 2. Figures 3-5

[0283] Emergence rate = (actual emergence number / sowing number) x 100%.

[0284] Survival rate = (survival number / planting number) x 100%.

[0285] Disease and pest rate = (number of plants affected by disease and pests / planting number) x 100%.

[0286] Table 3

[0287]

[0288]

[0289] As can be seen from Table 3, Examples 1-18 can ensure excellent germination rate (≥ 90%), survival rate after planting (≥ 92%) and controllable disease and pest occurrence rate (≤ 10%).

[0290] ​The application uses the inoculant with a temperature tolerance greater than or equal to the target temperature of the pile to produce the fungus dregs, piles the mixture of the base material, the fungus dregs and water to form the pile, controls the temperature of the pile to be 60-68 DEG C during the natural fermentation process of the pile, the time is 48-72h, and the pile is turned over not less than three times, the high temperature generated by the microorganism fermentation in the fungus dregs is used to kill the disease bacteria and insect eggs in the organic substrate, the disease bacteria and insect eggs in the organic substrate are completely killed, the probiotics are expanded and enriched during the natural fermentation process, the abundance of the probiotics in the organic substrate is ensured, the probiotics can further decompose the harmful substances in the organic substrate, the microbial protection barrier of the crops (such as vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines and fruits) is promoted to be quickly formed during the cultivation and seedling process, the growth of the crop roots is promoted, the immunity of the crops is improved, the growth of the crops is promoted, the disease resistance of the crops is effectively improved, the physical and chemical properties of the organic substrate are effectively optimized, the water holding capacity and the aeration of the organic substrate are increased, the germination rate and the emergence rate of the crops are effectively improved, and the economic value of the crops is improved.

[0291] As can be seen from the comparative example 1 and the examples 1-4, if the target temperature (60-68 DEG C) and the holding time (48-72h) of the pile deviate from the range of the application, either the insect eggs and the disease bacteria cannot be killed, the emergence rate and the survival rate are significantly reduced, and the disease and pest rate is significantly increased, or the abundance of the beneficial bacteria in the organic substrate is reduced, the physical and chemical properties of the organic substrate are not suitable for planting, and the emergence rate and the survival rate are significantly reduced.

[0292] As can be seen from the comparative example 1 and the example 5, the number of times of turning over is controlled to be greater than or equal to 3 times in the application, the disease bacteria and insect eggs in the organic substrate are completely killed, the decomposition degree of the organic substrate is improved, the physical and chemical properties of the organic substrate are suitable for the planting of crops, the emergence rate and the survival rate are significantly improved, and the disease and pest rate is reduced.

[0293] As can be seen from the comparative example 1 and the examples 6-7, the base material is the substrate, the organic material and the mineral material in the mass ratio of (60-150):(16-36):(0-2), the temperature of the pile can be maintained at the target temperature for a sufficient time, and after the pile is turned over, the temperature can also be increased to the target temperature and maintained for a sufficient time, so that the insect eggs are effectively killed, sufficient nutrient substances are provided for the growth of crops, the decomposition degree of the organic substrate is improved, the physical and chemical indexes of the organic substrate meet the standard of crop planting, if the mass ratio of the substrate, the organic material and the mineral material deviates from the range of the application, either the temperature cannot be increased to the target temperature after the pile is turned over, so that the insect eggs and the disease bacteria cannot be killed, or the decomposition degree of the substrate is not enough, the physical and chemical indexes do not meet the standard of crop planting (for example, the comparative example 7), the emergence rate and the survival rate are significantly reduced, and due to the poor physical and chemical properties, salt damage occurs, so that the disease and pest rate is significantly increased.

[0294] It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Although the present application is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or equivalent replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an organic matrix, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: The mixture is stacked to form a pile, and the temperature of the pile is raised to a target temperature, and the pile is maintained for 54-72 hours after the temperature is raised to the target temperature, and the pile is turned over to obtain the organic substrate; the target temperature is 60-68 DEG C; The pile is turned over for more than or equal to 3 times, and the temperature of the pile is raised to 60-68 DEG C after each time of turning over, and the pile is maintained for 54-72 hours after the temperature is raised to 60-68 DEG C; The mixture comprises a base material, fungus dregs and water; the base material comprises a substrate, an organic matter raw material and a mineral matter raw material, and the mass ratio of the substrate, the organic matter raw material and the mineral matter raw material is (60-150):(16-36):(0-2); the organic matter raw material comprises a carbon source and a nitrogen source, and the mass ratio of the carbon source and the nitrogen source is (15-30):(1-6); the substrate is peat soil and / or recycled organic substrate; The fungus dregs contain a bacterial agent which is resistant to a temperature greater than or equal to the target temperature, and the bacterial agent comprises at least one of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, actinomycetes, rhizomucor, mucor, rhizosphere bacteria, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma.

2. The method for preparing the organic matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target temperature is 64 DEG C-66 DEG C; And / or, the maintaining time is 54-60 hours.

3. The method for preparing the organic matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon source in the organic matter raw material comprises at least one of straw, sawdust, coconut dregs, bran, rice husk, activated carbon, starch, glucose, molasses, lignin and cellulose; the nitrogen source in the organic matter raw material comprises at least one of urea, soybean meal, peanut cake, fish meal, blood meal, peptone, beef extract and yeast extract; And / or, the mineral matter raw material comprises at least one of perlite, yellow phosphorus slag, phosphorus tailings, olivine, zeolite, calcined shell powder, attapulgite, medical stone and dolomite.

4. The method for preparing the organic matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the fungus dregs contained in the mixture comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a bacterial agent and activated base material, adding sugar water, and activating to obtain the fungus dregs; And / or, the mass percentage of the water in the mixture is 45-65%.

5. The method for preparing the organic matrix according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the bacterial agent, the activated base material and the sugar water is (1-5):(20-100):(10-50); And / or, the activated base material comprises at least one of rice bran, corn powder, wheat bran, soybean meal, wood ash and bran; And / or, the mass percentage of sugar in the sugar water is 1-50%; And / or, the activation temperature is 25-37 DEG C, and the activation time is 2-10 hours.

6. The method for preparing the organic matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bacterial agent comprises nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, yeast bacteria, actinomycetes, rhizosphere bacteria and bacillus subtilis, and the mass ratio of the nitrifying bacteria, the sulfur bacteria, the yeast bacteria, the actinomycetes, the rhizosphere bacteria and the bacillus subtilis is 1:(0.2-0.6):(0.4-0.8):(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5):(1.5-2).

7. The method for preparing the organic matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the base material and the fungus dregs is 1:(0.005-0.01).

8. An organic matrix characterized in that, The organic substrate is prepared by the preparation method in any one of claims 1-7.

9. The organic substrate in claim 8 is applied to crop seedling and / or crop cultivation.

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