Continuous nitration reaction equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses continuous nitration reaction equipment, and relates to the technical field of high efficiency and energy conservation, in particular to continuous nitration reaction equipment, which comprises a reaction tank body and a driving motor arranged at the top end of the reaction tank body, a plurality of reaction cabins capable of being filled with materials are arranged in the reaction tank body, and the plurality of reaction cabins are communicated in sequence; according to the continuous nitration reaction equipment, through the arrangement of the multiple reaction cabins, the stirring rods, the driving blades and the stirring rods, the effects of efficiently mixing materials and improving the heat exchange efficiency can be achieved. A plurality of reaction cabins which are communicated in sequence are arranged in the reaction tank body, and materials can flow through the cabins in sequence to complete multi-stage reaction. The driving motor drives the driving rod, so that the stirring rod rotates at a high speed, strong mechanical acting force is applied to a reaction solution, the solution is promoted to generate complex and strong convection, shearing and diffusion movement, the viscous flow state of an axis area is broken, and efficient mixing is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high efficiency and energy saving, and more particularly to a continuous nitration reaction device. Background Art

[0002] Nitration reactions play a pivotal role in chemical production, widely used in the synthesis of fine chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, and explosives. Continuous nitration equipment, with its high production capacity and ease of automated control, has become the preferred solution for industrial production. However, in actual operation, existing continuous nitration equipment has exposed a series of technical shortcomings, which have a significant negative impact on reaction efficiency and product quality.

[0003] Taking a continuous nitration reaction device with application number 202323203072.X as an example, although this device realizes the continuous production of nitration reaction, and mixes and stirs the solution in the reaction chamber through the rotation of the first stirring blade, and absorbs the large amount of heat released by the nitration reaction with the help of the cooling tank and the cooling channel to ensure the normal operation of the device. However, after in-depth analysis, it is not difficult to find that there are inherent defects in the design of its stirring structure and cooling channel. Due to this design, the far end of the first stirring blade cannot effectively cover the inner wall area of the reaction chamber, causing the solution near the wall to form a stagnant layer. In this stagnant layer, the mass transfer process is greatly hindered, which significantly reduces the reaction efficiency.

[0004] In addition, as a typical highly exothermic reaction, nitration reaction requires extremely high precision in temperature control. The fixed layout cooling channel used in this device can only passively cool the reaction chamber as a whole, making it difficult to implement precise temperature control for local hot spots. Especially when concentrated sulfuric acid is introduced as a catalyst in the reaction system, due to the density of concentrated sulfuric acid (about 1.84g / cm 3 ) and the density of the reaction solution (mostly 0.8-1.2 g / cm 3 ) shows significant differences. Under the influence of gravity, concentrated sulfuric acid easily accumulates at the bottom of the reaction chamber, forming a localized high-temperature zone. This significant vertical temperature gradient can easily trigger excessive nitration, leading to a significant increase in side reactions. Excessive nitration not only reduces the purity of the target product, greatly complicates subsequent separation and purification work, significantly increases production costs, but also poses a potential threat to the safety of the entire production process.

[0005] In summary, the existing continuous nitration reaction equipment has obvious deficiencies in key links such as stirring and temperature control. Innovative technologies are urgently needed to break through these bottlenecks in order to improve reaction efficiency, ensure product quality, and meet the growing needs of industrial production. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a continuous nitration reaction equipment, which solves the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a continuous nitration reaction equipment, including a reaction tank body and a driving motor arranged at the top of the reaction tank body, the reaction tank body is provided with a plurality of reaction chambers into which materials can be injected, and the plurality of reaction chambers are connected in sequence, the plurality of reaction chambers are each provided with an annular cooling chamber that can move up and down, the reaction chamber is provided with a plurality of stirring rods that can stir the material, the upper and lower surfaces of the annular cooling chamber are each provided with a plurality of driving blades that can rotate by the rotating flow of the material in the reaction chamber, the middle part of the upper and lower surfaces of the annular cooling chamber is provided with a cooling separation ring barrel that can extend outward, and the cooling separation ring barrel can divide the interior of the annular cooling chamber into two connected flow ring channels, each of the flow ring channels is provided with a plurality of stirring rods that can rotate synchronously with the driving blades.

[0009] Preferably, the inner circumference of the reaction tank body is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder, and there is a gap between the inner cylinder and the inner circumference of the reaction tank body, the lower surface of the first of the multiple reaction chambers from bottom to top is fixedly connected to a plurality of stabilizing connecting rods, and the bottom end of the stabilizing connecting rod is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder, and a plurality of stabilizing connecting rods are also arranged between two adjacent reaction chambers, a driving rod coaxial with the inner cylinder is fixedly mounted on the driving shaft of the driving motor, one end of the driving rod passes through the multiple reaction chambers in sequence, and the driving rod and the reaction chamber are rotatably connected, and one end of the stirring rod is fixedly connected to the driving rod.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of feed pipes, one end of each of which extends outside the reaction tank body, are fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer circumference of the reaction chamber, and a connecting pipe capable of promoting communication between the two reaction chambers is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the two upper and lower adjacent reaction chambers, and the top end of the connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the top end of the corresponding reaction chamber, and the bottom end of the connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the corresponding reaction chamber, and the bottom end of the outer circumference of the reaction tank body is fixedly connected to a first water inlet pipe, one end of which passes through the reaction tank body and the inner cylinder in sequence and extends into the inner cylinder, and the top end of the outer circumference of the reaction tank body is also fixedly connected to a first water outlet pipe, one end of which extends into the inner cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, a second partition plate is provided in each of the two flow loops to enable them to form a state where the ends are not connected, and the outer peripheral surface of the annular cooling chamber is fixedly connected to a hard second water inlet pipe with one end extending to the head of the two flow loops, and the outer end of the hard second water inlet pipe is fixedly connected to a soft second water inlet pipe with one end sequentially passing through the reaction chamber, the inner tube and the reaction tank body. The outer peripheral surface of the annular cooling chamber is also fixedly connected to a hard second water outlet pipe with one end extending to the tail of the two flow loops, and the outer end of the hard second water outlet pipe is fixedly connected to a soft second water outlet pipe with one end sequentially passing through the reaction chamber, the inner tube and the reaction tank body.

[0012] Preferably, the upper and lower surfaces of the annular cooling chamber are rotatably connected to a stirring shaft extending into the annular cooling chamber, the driving blade is fixedly connected to the outer end of the stirring shaft, and the stirring rod is fixedly connected to the inner end of the stirring shaft.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of gas chambers are evenly arranged in the peripheral wall of the reaction chamber, and the plurality of gas chambers are evenly divided into upper and lower parts by the annular cooling chamber, and each gas chamber is filled with an inert gas that can expand and contract according to the temperature change in the reaction chamber, and an arc-shaped mounting cylinder is fixedly connected to the position corresponding to each gas chamber on the inner peripheral surface of the reaction chamber, and a main supporting sealing plate is slidably connected to the side of the arc-shaped mounting cylinder away from the inner peripheral surface of the reaction chamber, and a side of the main supporting sealing plate close to the annular cooling chamber is fixedly connected to the annular cooling chamber, and an expansion driving component connected to the corresponding gas chamber is provided at the upper and lower ends of the main supporting sealing plate on the side away from the annular cooling chamber.

[0014] Preferably, the expansion drive component includes secondary support sealing plates fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the main support sealing plate, the secondary support sealing plates are slidably connected in the arc-shaped mounting tube, and the side of the main support sealing plate close to the inner circumference of the reaction chamber is fixedly connected to two first partition plates, the first partition plates are slidably connected in the arc-shaped mounting tube, so that the first partition plates, the main support sealing plate, the inner circumference of the reaction chamber and the secondary support sealing plate can form a first sealed space, and a second elastic tube communicating with the corresponding air chamber is provided in the first sealed space, and the side of the secondary support sealing plate away from the main support sealing plate is fixedly connected to a reset component having one end provided on the arc-shaped mounting tube;

[0015] The reset component includes a first spring with one end fixedly connected to the auxiliary support sealing plate, and the end of the first spring away from the auxiliary support sealing plate is fixedly connected to a movable plate, and the movable plate is slidably connected in the arc-shaped installation cylinder.

[0016] Preferably, an auxiliary driving plate with one end passing through the annular cooling chamber and the main supporting sealing plate in sequence is provided between the two symmetrically arranged cooling separation ring barrels, and the end of the auxiliary driving plate close to the inner circumference of the reaction chamber is in contact with the inner circumference of the reaction chamber. Telescopic parts are provided on the upper and lower sides of the end of the auxiliary driving plate close to the cooling separation ring barrel, and the ends of the multiple telescopic parts away from the auxiliary driving plate are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding cooling separation ring barrels.

[0017] Preferably, the first partition plate, the main support sealing plate, the auxiliary drive plate and the inner circumference of the reaction chamber can form a second sealed space, a first elastic tube is provided in the second sealed space, and the upper and lower surfaces of the auxiliary drive plate are both provided with a first connecting channel with one end connected to the corresponding first elastic tube, and the other end of the first connecting channel is connected to the corresponding telescopic component.

[0018] Preferably, the telescopic component includes a guide connecting cylinder with one end fixedly connected to the auxiliary driving plate, the inner circumference of the guide connecting cylinder is slidably connected to the ejector barrel with one end fixedly connected to the cooling separation ring barrel, the inner circumference of the guide connecting cylinder is fixedly connected to a hollow circular plate at one end close to the auxiliary driving plate, and the side of the hollow circular plate away from the auxiliary driving plate is fixedly connected to a first tension spring with one end arranged in the ejector barrel, and one end of the first connecting channel is communicated with the guide connecting cylinder and the ejector barrel.

[0019] Beneficial effects

[0020] The present invention provides a continuous nitration reaction device, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. This continuous nitration reaction equipment, through the arrangement of multiple reaction chambers, stirring rods, drive blades, and stirring rods, can achieve the effects of efficient material mixing and improved heat exchange efficiency. Multiple reaction chambers connected in sequence are arranged in the reactor body, and materials can flow through each chamber in sequence to complete multi-stage reactions. The drive motor drives the drive rod, which in turn rotates the stirring rod at high speed, exerting a strong mechanical force on the reaction solution, prompting the solution to produce complex and intense convection, shear, and diffusion motions, breaking the stagnant state in the axis area and achieving efficient mixing. At the same time, the swirling motion of the solution impacts the drive blades on the upper and lower surfaces of the annular cooling chamber, which drives the stirring shaft and the connected stirring rod to rotate synchronously within the flow loop. The rotation of the stirring rod effectively destroys the thermal boundary layer between the cooling liquid and the inner wall of the annular cooling chamber, accelerates the flow of liquid in the boundary layer, reduces the thickness of the boundary layer, promotes mixing between the liquid in the boundary layer and the main cooling liquid, significantly improves the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling solution in the reaction chamber and the reaction solution, and provides more efficient cooling guarantee for the reaction process.

[0022] 2. This continuous nitration reaction equipment, through the configuration of an annular cooling chamber, gas chamber, auxiliary drive plate, and cooling separator ring barrel, achieves precise temperature control and optimized flow paths. The annular cooling chamber moves up and down according to temperature fluctuations within the reaction chamber. Multiple gas chambers, evenly spaced within its circumference, are filled with temperature-sensitive inert gas. When the gases in the upper and lower chambers expand differentially due to temperature differences, the annular cooling chamber moves. If the gases in the lower chamber expand more due to the higher temperature at the bottom of the reaction chamber, this will push the annular cooling chamber downward, precisely cooling the high-temperature solution at the bottom. Simultaneously, it squeezes the lower solution and mixes it with the upper solution, balancing vertical temperature gradients and preventing excessive temperature differences in the reaction solutions. Furthermore, the auxiliary drive plate moves synchronously with the annular cooling chamber, forcing the solution in the first elastic cylinder through the first connecting channel and into the telescopic component. This pushes the ejector barrel, causing the cooling separator ring barrel to expand outward, increasing the contact area between the cooling liquid and the reaction solution and accelerating heat transfer. Moreover, the dual flow ring structure constructed by the cooling separation ring barrel decouples the single annular space into two concentric flow rings inside and outside, so that the cooling liquid flows in an orderly manner along the same rotation direction, transforming from disordered turbulence to parallel laminar flow, significantly reducing the back mixing phenomenon in the flow ring, optimizing the flow channel, and improving the overall temperature control effect and heat exchange performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reactor body of the present invention from the left side;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reaction chamber of the present invention from the left side;

[0026] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure enlarged in the middle;

[0027] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 The enlarged structural diagram at B in the middle;

[0028] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the reaction chamber of the present invention when viewed from above;

[0029] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the coordination structure of the reaction chamber, the stabilizing connecting rod and the connecting pipe of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the reaction chamber of the present invention.

[0031] Figure: 1, reactor body; 2, drive motor; 3, inner cylinder; 4, first water inlet pipe; 5, first water outlet pipe; 6, drive rod; 7, reactor chamber; 8, connecting pipe; 9, stabilizing connecting rod; 10, feed pipe; 11, stirring rod; 12, annular cooling chamber; 13, cooling separation ring barrel; 14, drive blade; 15, stabilizing support plate; 16, arc-shaped mounting cylinder; 17, movable plate; 18, main support sealing plate; 19, secondary support sealing plate; 20, first spring Spring; 21. Auxiliary drive plate; 22. First elastic tube; 23. First partition plate; 24. First connecting port; 25. Stirring rod; 26. Stirring shaft; 27. First connecting channel; 28. Guide connecting tube; 29. Ejector barrel; 30. First tension spring; 31. Second elastic tube; 32. Hard second water inlet pipe; 33. Soft second water inlet pipe; 34. Second partition plate; 35. Hollow circular plate; 36. Hard second water outlet pipe; 37. Soft second water outlet pipe; 38. Air cabin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] In existing reaction chamber technology, the stirring assembly usually mixes the solution in the chamber through the first stirring blade on the main stirring shaft to improve the reaction efficiency. However, due to the layout of the cooling channel in the chamber, the distal end of the first stirring blade cannot extend to a position close to the inner wall of the chamber. This structural limitation causes the first stirring blade to only effectively mix the solution near the axis, while the stagnant area near the inner wall of the chamber is limited by the fluid fluidity, and the reaction efficiency is significantly reduced. Although the solution has fluidity, the boundary layer area near the inner wall of the chamber is still insufficiently mixed, forming an inefficient reaction area with a large mass transfer resistance, which becomes a key bottleneck restricting the improvement of the overall reaction efficiency. This embodiment is specially invented to solve the above problems.

[0035] See also Figures 1 to 8The present invention provides a technical solution: a continuous nitration reaction device, comprising a reaction tank body 1 and a driving motor 2 arranged at the top of the reaction tank body 1, wherein a plurality of reaction chambers 7 capable of injecting materials are arranged in the reaction tank body 1, wherein the number of the reaction chambers 7 is three, and the plurality of reaction chambers 7 are sequentially connected, and the plurality of reaction chambers 7 are each provided with an annular cooling chamber 12 capable of moving up and down, wherein there is a gap between the annular cooling chamber 12 and the inner circumference of the reaction chamber 7, so that the annular cooling chamber 12 does not hinder the vertical flow of the solution in the reaction chamber 7, and the reaction chamber 7 is provided with a plurality of stirring rods capable of stirring the material. 11. The upper and lower surfaces of the annular cooling chamber 12 are provided with a plurality of driving blades 14 that can rotate due to the rotation and flow of materials in the reaction chamber 7. The middle parts of the upper and lower surfaces of the annular cooling chamber 12 are provided with cooling separation ring barrels 13 that can extend outward, and the cooling separation ring barrels 13 can divide the interior of the annular cooling chamber 12 into two connected flow ring channels, wherein there is a gap between the opposite ends of the two cooling separation ring barrels 13 on each annular cooling chamber 12, so that the two flow ring channels in each annular cooling chamber 12 can be connected, and each flow ring channel is provided with a plurality of stirring rods 25 that can rotate synchronously with the driving blades 14.

[0036] See also Figures 2 to 7 , the inner circumference of the reaction tank body 1 is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder 3, and there is a gap between the inner cylinder 3 and the inner circumference of the reaction tank body 1, a plurality of reaction chambers 7 are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first one from bottom to top with a plurality of stabilizing connecting rods 9, and the bottom end of the stabilizing connecting rod 9 is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder 3, and a plurality of stabilizing connecting rods 9 are also provided between two adjacent reaction chambers 7, a driving rod 6 coaxial with the inner cylinder 3 is fixedly mounted on the driving shaft of the driving motor 2, one end of the driving rod 6 passes through the plurality of reaction chambers 7 in sequence, and the driving rod 6 and the reaction chamber 7 are rotatably connected, and one end of the stirring rod 11 is fixedly connected to the driving rod 6;

[0037] A stabilizing support plate 15 is hinged to the bottom end of the driving rod 6 through a bearing. Both ends of the stabilizing support plate 15 are respectively connected to the corresponding stabilizing connecting rod 9 by welding or bolts. Therefore, the provision of the stabilizing support plate 15 can increase the stability of the driving rod 6.

[0038] When the drive motor 2 outputs torque, it is transmitted to the drive rod 6 through the coupling, causing the drive rod 6 to begin rotating at high speed around its own axis. Because the stirring rod 11 is firmly connected to the drive rod 6, the rotation of the drive rod 6 causes the stirring rod 11 to continuously rotate at the same angular velocity within the reaction chamber 7. During its rotation, the stirring rod 11 exerts a strong mechanical force on the solution within the reaction chamber 7. Driven by the stirring rod 11, the solution undergoes complex and intense convection, shear, and diffusion motions, thereby achieving efficient mixing of the solution and greatly promoting the chemical reaction.

[0039] See also Figures 2 to 7 , the bottom of the outer circumference of the reaction chamber 7 is fixedly connected with a plurality of feed pipes 10, each of which has one end extending to the outside of the reaction tank body 1, and the outer circumferences of the two upper and lower adjacent reaction chambers 7 are fixedly connected with a connecting pipe 8 that can promote the communication between the two reaction chambers 7, and the top of the connecting pipe 8 is fixedly connected to the top of the corresponding reaction chamber 7, and the bottom end of the connecting pipe 8 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the corresponding reaction chamber 7, and the bottom end of the outer circumference of the reaction tank body 1 is fixedly connected to a first water inlet pipe 4, one end of which passes through the reaction tank body 1 and the inner tube 3 in sequence and extends into the inner tube 3, and the top end of the outer circumference of the reaction tank body 1 is also fixedly connected to a first water outlet pipe 5, one end of which extends into the inner tube 3, wherein a discharge pipe is provided at the top of the last reaction chamber 7 from top to bottom, wherein the end of the discharge pipe away from the reaction chamber 7 extends to the outside of the reaction tank body 1;

[0040] The cooling solution can be injected into the reaction tank body 1 through the first water inlet pipe 4 to cool the reaction chamber 7 inside. The first water outlet pipe 5 provided an outflow channel for the cooling solution, so that the cooling solution forms a circulation flow in the reaction tank body 1, ensuring a continuous and efficient cooling effect.

[0041] The reaction solution is injected into the first reaction chamber 7 at the top through the feed pipe 10. The reaction chambers 7 are interconnected by connecting pipes 8, so that the reaction solution in the upper reaction chamber 7 can flow smoothly into the lower reaction chamber 7, completing the multi-stage reaction in sequence. Finally, the solution after the reaction is completed is discharged from the discharge pipe provided at the top of the bottom reaction chamber 7 and leaves the reactor body 1.

[0042] At the same time, there is a certain gap between the inner tube 3 and the inner circumference of the reaction tank body 1. The existence of the gap effectively blocks the heat flow channel, significantly reduces the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling solution and the external environment, ensures that the low temperature state of the cooling solution can be maintained for a long time, and provides a strong guarantee for the stable cooling of the reaction chamber 7.

[0043] See also Figures 2 to 6, a second partition plate 34 is provided in each of the two flow loops to enable them to form a state of being disconnected from head to tail, wherein one end of the second partition plate 34 away from the cooling partition ring barrel 13 is fixedly connected to the annular cooling chamber 12, and one end of the second partition plate 34 close to the cooling partition ring barrel 13 is in contact with the cooling partition ring barrel 13, and the outer circumference of the annular cooling chamber 12 is fixedly connected to a hard second water inlet pipe 32 extending to the head of the two flow loops, and the outer end of the hard second water inlet pipe 32 is fixedly connected to a soft second water inlet pipe 33 having one end that sequentially passes through the reaction chamber 7, the inner tube 3 and the reaction tank body 1, and the outer circumference of the annular cooling chamber 12 is also fixedly connected to one end extending to the two flow loops. The hard second water outlet pipe 36 at the tail of the dynamic annular channel has an outer end fixedly connected to a soft second water outlet pipe 37 having one end which sequentially passes through the reaction chamber 7, the inner tube 3 and the reaction tank body 1. The arrangement of the soft second water inlet pipe 33 and the soft second water outlet pipe 37 enables the cooling solution in the annular cooling chamber 12 to continuously circulate when the annular cooling chamber 12 moves up and down. At the same time, a first cooling connection port communicating with the two flow annular channels is respectively provided on the hard second water inlet pipe 32 and the hard second water outlet pipe 36. At the same time, a second cooling connection port corresponding to the cooling separation ring barrel 13 is also provided on the hard second water inlet pipe 32 and the hard second water outlet pipe 36.

[0044] The cooling solution flows through the soft second water inlet pipe 33 into the hard second water inlet pipe 32, and then is injected into the two flow loops through the hard second water inlet pipe 32. After completing the heat exchange with the reaction chamber 7, the solution flows through the hard second water outlet pipe 36 into the soft second water outlet pipe 37, and finally exits the reaction tank body 1 through the soft second water outlet pipe 37, thus achieving the circulation of the cooling solution within the two flow loops.

[0045] It is worth mentioning that the second flexible water outlet pipe 37, the second flexible water inlet pipe 33, the first water inlet pipe 4, and the first water outlet pipe 5 are all connected to the solution refrigerator. As a mature and existing device, the specific structure, working principle, and operating details of the solution refrigerator have been widely studied and applied in related fields, so they will not be elaborated on in detail here.

[0046] The annular cooling chamber 12, in conjunction with the cooling solution within the reactor body 1, creates a dual internal and external cooling system. This innovative architecture effectively expands the heat exchange area, accelerates heat dissipation, and significantly improves overall cooling efficiency, providing a solid foundation for efficient cooling during the reaction process.

[0047] See also Figures 2 to 6 The upper and lower surfaces of the annular cooling chamber 12 are rotatably connected to a stirring shaft 26 extending into the annular cooling chamber 12, the driving blade 14 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the stirring shaft 26, and the stirring rod 25 is fixedly connected to the inner end of the stirring shaft 26;

[0048] When the stirring rod 11 rotates at high speed within the reaction chamber 7 along with the driving rod 6, based on the principle of momentum transfer in fluid mechanics, the stirring rod 11 exerts a tangential force on the reaction solution, causing the solution to form a strong vortex within the reaction chamber 7. This swirling solution impacts the driving blades 14 disposed on the stirring shaft 26. According to Newton's second law, force is the cause of changes in the state of motion of an object. When the driving blades 14 are impacted by the flowing solution, the force exerted by the solution on the driving blades 14 is converted into a torsional force on the stirring shaft 26, thereby causing the stirring shaft 26 to begin rotating. Because the stirring shaft 26 is evenly distributed with multiple driving blades 14, each driving blade 14 can convert the kinetic energy of the solution into torsional force, greatly enhancing the driving effect on the stirring shaft 26.

[0049] As the stirring shaft 26 rotates, the stirring rod 25 connected to it also rotates synchronously. During the heat exchange process, according to heat transfer theory, when the cooling liquid flows in the annular cooling chamber 12, a thermal boundary layer will be formed near the inner wall of the annular cooling chamber 12 due to the reduced liquid flow rate. The existence of the thermal boundary layer increases thermal resistance, seriously hinders heat transfer, and causes a significant decrease in heat exchange efficiency. The rotation of the stirring rod 25 can effectively destroy the thermal boundary layer formed on the inner wall of the annular cooling chamber 12. During the rotation process, the stirring rod 25, on the one hand, accelerates the flow of liquid in the boundary layer through mechanical stirring and reduces the thickness of the boundary layer; on the other hand, the disturbance of the stirring rod 25 intensifies the mixing between the liquid in the boundary layer and the main cooling liquid, promoting the rapid transfer of heat. This significantly improves the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling solution and the reaction solution in the reaction chamber 7, providing a more efficient cooling guarantee for the reaction process.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] Among the many reactions in chemical production, nitration plays a crucial role, serving as a core step in the synthesis of numerous important chemicals. In industrial production, adding concentrated sulfuric acid to the reaction solution as a catalyst is a widely used method to increase the rate and efficiency of nitration reactions. Concentrated sulfuric acid, with its strong acidity and high activity, significantly reduces the activation energy of the reaction, thereby accelerating the reaction and achieving higher conversion rates in a shorter time.

[0052] However, this commonly used catalytic method hides a problem that is not easy to ignore. From a physical point of view, the density of concentrated sulfuric acid is about 1.84g / cm 3 The reaction solution used in the nitration reaction is usually composed of a variety of organic compounds, and its density is mostly 0.8-1.2g / cm 3 This significant density difference causes the concentrated sulfuric acid to gradually gather at the bottom of the reaction chamber 7 under the action of gravity during the reaction process.

[0053] The large amount of concentrated sulfuric acid accumulated at the bottom of the reaction chamber 7 can have a serious impact on the temperature distribution of the reaction system. The nitration reaction is a typical highly exothermic reaction, releasing a large amount of heat during the reaction. Because concentrated sulfuric acid has a large specific heat capacity and can absorb and store a large amount of heat, when it accumulates at the bottom, it will cause the temperature at the bottom of the reaction chamber 7 to rise sharply. In contrast, the reaction solution in the upper part of the reaction chamber 7 contains less concentrated sulfuric acid, absorbs relatively less heat, and has a relatively lower temperature. As a result, the reaction solution in the reaction chamber 7 experiences a significant temperature difference in the vertical direction.

[0054] This temperature difference is extremely detrimental to the nitration reaction and affects the quality and efficiency of the reaction in many ways. From the perspective of reaction kinetics, temperature is one of the key factors affecting the reaction rate. In the area with higher temperatures at the bottom of the reaction chamber 7, the reaction rate will be greatly accelerated, which may make the reaction difficult to control, leading to excessive nitration and an increase in side reactions. Excessive nitration will generate some unwanted polynitro compounds, which not only reduces the purity of the target product, but also may increase the difficulty of subsequent separation and purification, and increase production costs. At the same time, the occurrence of side reactions will also consume more reactants, reduce the atom economy of the reaction, and cause a waste of resources.

[0055] In the cooler upper region of reaction chamber 7, the reaction rate slows significantly. This prevents the reaction from fully proceeding, preventing some reactants from being converted into products in a timely manner, and resulting in a lower conversion rate. This lower conversion rate requires more reactants to achieve the desired output, which not only increases production costs but also can cause unreacted reactants to cause environmental pollution during subsequent processing.

[0056] Furthermore, temperature differences can negatively impact the stability of the reaction system. Uneven temperature distribution can cause thermal convection and density variations in the reaction solution, leading to uneven distribution of substances within the reaction system, further impacting the uniformity and stability of the reaction. This unstable reaction environment can lead to fluctuations in reaction results, making it difficult to ensure product quality and introducing significant uncertainty into the production process.

[0057] In the above embodiment, although a stirring rod 11 is provided to mix and stir the reaction solution in the reaction chamber 7, thereby promoting uniform mixing of the solution and reducing temperature differences, the problem of uneven temperature cannot be fundamentally solved due to the large difference in density between the concentrated sulfuric acid and the reaction solution.

[0058] This embodiment is invented to effectively solve the temperature difference problem in the reaction chamber 7 caused by the accumulation of concentrated sulfuric acid and ensure that the nitration reaction can be carried out in a more stable and uniform temperature environment, thereby improving the reaction conversion rate, product purity and production efficiency.

[0059] See also Figures 2 to 8 , on the basis of the above embodiment, the technical solution adopted includes that a plurality of air chambers 38 are evenly arranged in the peripheral wall of the reaction chamber 7, and the plurality of air chambers 38 are evenly divided into an upper and a lower part by the annular cooling chamber 12, wherein the number of air chambers 38 in the upper and lower parts is the same, and the positions are one-to-one corresponding, and each air chamber 38 is filled with an inert gas that can expand and contract according to the temperature change in the reaction chamber 7, and an arc-shaped mounting tube 16 is fixedly connected to the position corresponding to each air chamber 38 on the inner peripheral surface of the reaction chamber 7, and the main supporting sealing plate 18 is slidably connected to the side of the arc-shaped mounting tube 16 away from the inner peripheral surface of the reaction chamber 7, and the side of the main supporting sealing plate 18 close to the annular cooling chamber 12 is fixedly connected to the annular cooling chamber 12, and the upper and lower ends of the main supporting sealing plate 18 on the side away from the annular cooling chamber 12 are provided with expansion driving components connected to the corresponding air chamber 38;

[0060] The annular cooling chamber 12 is equipped with air chambers 38 at the top and bottom. The gas within these chambers 38 is extremely sensitive to temperature fluctuations. When the gas in the upper and lower chambers 38 sense different temperatures, they expand differently due to the principle of thermal expansion and contraction. If the gas in the lower chamber 38 of the annular cooling chamber 12 is exposed to a higher temperature, it expands more than the gas in the upper chamber 38. This expansion imbalance generates a downward force, causing the annular cooling chamber 12 to move downward.

[0061] The expansion drive component includes a secondary support sealing plate 19 fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the main support sealing plate 18, the secondary support sealing plate 19 is slidably connected in the arc-shaped mounting tube 16, and two first partition plates 23 are fixedly connected to the side of the main support sealing plate 18 close to the inner circumference of the reaction chamber 7. The first partition plate 23 is slidably connected in the arc-shaped mounting tube 16, so that the first partition plates 23, the main support sealing plate 18, the inner circumference of the reaction chamber 7 and the secondary support sealing plate 19 can form a first sealed space, and a second elastic tube 31 communicating with the corresponding air chamber 38 is provided in the first sealed space, and a reset component with one end provided on the arc-shaped mounting tube 16 is fixedly connected to the side of the secondary support sealing plate 19 away from the main support sealing plate 18;

[0062] A first communication port 24 is specifically provided on the inner circumference of the reaction chamber 7, corresponding to the gas chamber 38. This first communication port 24 provides internal communication between the gas chamber 38 and the second elastic tube 31. It is worth noting that the inert gas filling the interior of the second elastic tube 31 is identical in composition to the gas within the gas chamber 38. When the gas within the gas chamber 38 expands due to factors such as heat, the pressure generated by this expansion is transferred into the second elastic tube 31 through the first communication port 24, based on the communicating vessel principle and the compressibility and fluidity of the gas. This pressure forces the secondary support sealing plate 19, which is connected to the second elastic tube 31, to displace away from the annular cooling chamber 12.

[0063] The reset component includes a first spring 20 with one end fixedly connected to the auxiliary support sealing plate 19, and the end of the first spring 20 away from the auxiliary support sealing plate 19 is fixedly connected to the movable plate 17, and the movable plate 17 is slidably connected in the arc-shaped mounting cylinder 16;

[0064] When the secondary support sealing plate 19 moves away from the annular cooling chamber 12, it compresses the first spring 20. The first spring 20 is elastically deformable and stores elastic potential energy during compression. When the gas within the gas chamber 38 returns to its initial state due to factors such as a decrease in temperature, the stored elastic potential energy is released. The first spring 20, with its own elastic restoring force, pushes the secondary support sealing plate 19 back to its initial position, ensuring the structural stability and operational repeatability of the entire device.

[0065] At the same time, the movable plate 17 can move up and down within the arc-shaped mounting tube 16. This design ensures relative independence between the first springs 20. When a first spring 20 is squeezed by the movement of the secondary support sealing plate 19, the corresponding first spring 20 will not affect the deformed first spring 20. Each spring can independently exert its elastic function, avoiding mutual interference and ensuring more precise and reliable elastic adjustment of the entire system.

[0066] When the annular cooling chamber 12 moves toward the reaction solution area with a higher temperature at the bottom of the reaction chamber 7, the high-temperature reaction solution can be accurately cooled. During the downward movement of the annular cooling chamber 12, the reaction chamber 7 is divided into two spaces, an upper and a lower space, and the sizes of these two spaces change accordingly. As the annular cooling chamber 12 moves downward, the lower space of the reaction chamber 7 gradually decreases, and the high-temperature reaction liquid therein will be squeezed and flow into the reaction solution in the upper part. At the same time, the reaction solution newly entering from the bottom of the reaction chamber 7 can quickly squeeze the liquid in the lower space further into the upper space. This process not only effectively destroys the high-temperature state of the solution in the lower space, but also discharges the concentrated sulfuric acid accumulated in the lower space to the upper part. In this way, it is possible to significantly avoid excessive temperature differences in the reaction solution in the reaction chamber 7, greatly improving the reaction effect and efficiency.

[0067] When the temperatures of the reaction solutions in the upper and lower spaces of the reaction chamber 7 tend to be consistent, the annular cooling chamber 12 will return to its initial position under the action of the elastic potential energy released by the first spring 20, so that if the reaction solution becomes temperature uneven again during the subsequent reaction process, it can play a regulating role in time.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] Although the above embodiment can effectively cool the high-temperature solution at the bottom of the reaction chamber 7 and break the local high-temperature state, this embodiment is carefully developed to further improve the cooling efficiency and meet more stringent process requirements and production standards.

[0070] See also Figures 1 to 8 Based on the above embodiment, the technical solution adopted includes an auxiliary drive plate 21 disposed between two symmetrically arranged cooling separation ring barrels 13, one end of which sequentially penetrates the annular cooling chamber 12 and the main support sealing plate 18, and the end of the auxiliary drive plate 21 close to the inner circumference of the reaction chamber 7 abuts against the inner circumference of the reaction chamber 7. Telescopic components are disposed on both the upper and lower sides of the end of the auxiliary drive plate 21 close to the cooling separation ring barrel 13, and the ends of the multiple telescopic components away from the auxiliary drive plate 21 are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding cooling separation ring barrel 13;

[0071] The auxiliary drive plate 21 is fixedly connected to the annular cooling chamber 12 and the main support sealing plate 18 respectively. Therefore, when the main support sealing plate 18 is displaced up and down by external force, the auxiliary drive plate 21 will move synchronously with the main support sealing plate 18 without delay, ensuring the coordination and stability of the operation of the entire device.

[0072] See also Figures 2 to 5 The first partition plate 23, the main support sealing plate 18, the auxiliary drive plate 21 and the inner circumference of the reaction chamber 7 can form a second sealed space. A first elastic tube 22 is provided in the second sealed space. The upper and lower surfaces of the auxiliary drive plate 21 are each provided with a first connecting channel 27, one end of which is connected to the corresponding first elastic tube 22. The other end of the first connecting channel 27 is connected to the corresponding telescopic component, wherein the first elastic tube 22 and the first connecting channel 27 are both filled with a solution;

[0073] As the auxiliary drive plate 21 moves downward from its initial position, it directly impacts and squeezes the first elastic tube 22. This external force compresses the first elastic tube 22, shrinking its internal volume and increasing pressure. Due to the incompressibility of liquids and the principle of communicating vessels, the solution within the first elastic tube 22, driven by the pressure differential, flows continuously through the first connecting channel 27 into the telescopic member.

[0074] See also Figures 2 to 5 The telescopic component includes a guide connecting cylinder 28 with one end fixedly connected to the auxiliary drive plate 21, and the inner circumference of the guide connecting cylinder 28 is slidably connected to the ejector barrel 29 with one end fixedly connected to the cooling separation ring barrel 13. The inner circumference of the guide connecting cylinder 28 is fixedly connected to a hollow circular plate 35 at one end close to the auxiliary drive plate 21, and the side of the hollow circular plate 35 away from the auxiliary drive plate 21 is fixedly connected to a first tension spring 30 with one end arranged in the ejector barrel 29. One end of the first connecting channel 27 is connected to the guide connecting cylinder 28 and the ejector barrel 29;

[0075] When the solution in the first elastic cylinder 22 and the first connecting channel 27 flows into the guide connecting cylinder 28 and the ejection barrel 29, the hydraulic force formed by the solution will push the ejection barrel 29 to move on the guide connecting cylinder 28 in the direction away from the auxiliary drive plate 21. It is worth noting that the volume of the first elastic cylinder 22 is twice that of the guide connecting cylinder 28. This design allows the annular cooling chamber 12 to drive the cooling separation ring barrel 13 and the auxiliary drive plate 21 to move synchronously. As the auxiliary drive plate 21 moves, the solution is prompted to continuously flow into the guide connecting cylinder 28 and the ejection barrel 29, and the cooling separation ring barrel 13 will gradually extend outward on the annular cooling chamber 12. The extension of the cooling separation ring barrel 13 significantly expands the contact area between the cooling solution and the reaction solution in the annular cooling chamber 12. According to the principles of heat transfer, the increase in heat exchange area can effectively increase the rate of heat transfer in the same time, thereby greatly accelerating the heat exchange efficiency.

[0076] When the annular cooling chamber 12 returns to its initial state, the first tension spring 30 begins to function. The first tension spring 30 has the characteristic of contracting and resetting, and the tension it generates causes the associated components to reset, thereby changing the pressure state within the guide connecting tube 28. Driven by this pressure differential, the solution within the guide connecting tube 28 reverses flow, returning to the first connecting channel 27 and the first elastic tube 22, preparing for the next operating cycle.

[0077] At the same time, in the reaction chamber 7, the fluid organization efficiency in the annular cooling chamber 12 plays a key role in the heat exchange performance. Based on the theory of fluid dynamics, when the cooling separation ring barrel 13 is not provided, the cooling liquid follows the law of free flow in the annular space. Due to the large cross-sectional area of the flow channel and the lack of a guiding structure, disordered turbulence and flow dead zones are easily formed. According to the residence time distribution theory, this disordered flow will cause some cooling liquids to stay for too long, resulting in a decrease in the utilization rate of the effective heat exchange area. For example, when the aspect ratio of the annular space exceeds 3:1, the uneven distribution of flow resistance can easily cause vortices, making the flow velocity near the wall 40%-60% lower than that in the center area, forming a heat transfer resistance.

[0078] The introduction of the cooling separator ring barrel 13 creates a dual flow loop structure, decoupling the single annular space into two concentric inner and outer flow loops with distinct flow paths. The cooling liquid in both flow loops flows in an orderly manner along the same rotational direction. The restraining effect of the cooling separator ring barrel 13 transforms the fluid flow trajectory from disordered turbulence to parallel laminar flow, significantly reducing backmixing within the flow loops.

[0079] In summary, when the continuous nitration reaction equipment is used, the reaction solution is first injected into the first reaction chamber 7 at the top through the feed pipe 10. Under the guidance of the connecting pipe 8, the material flows through the three reaction chambers 7 in series in sequence, completing the multi-stage nitration reaction in each reaction chamber 7, and finally discharged from the discharge pipe at the top of the bottom reaction chamber 7. The driving motor 2 drives the stirring rod 11 to rotate through the driving rod 6, exerting strong shear and convection effects on the reaction solution, breaking the stagnant state in the axial area, and achieving mixing. At this time, the swirling motion of the solution impacts the driving blades 14 on the upper and lower surfaces of the annular cooling chamber 12, and drives the stirring rod 25 to rotate synchronously in the flow loop through the stirring shaft 26, effectively destroying the thermal boundary layer between the cooling liquid and the inner wall of the annular cooling chamber, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0080] When concentrated sulfuric acid accumulates during the reaction, causing the bottom temperature of the reaction chamber 7 to rise, the inert gas within the lower air chamber 38 generates expansion pressure due to thermal expansion and contraction. This pressure is then transferred to the second elastic cylinder 31 through the first connecting port 24, pushing the secondary support sealing plate 19 outward, overcoming the resistance of the first spring 20. This in turn drives the main support sealing plate 18 and the annular cooling chamber 12 downward. As the annular cooling chamber 12 moves downward, it divides the reaction chamber into two upper and lower sections of unequal volume. This squeezes the lower high-temperature solution and mixes it with the upper low-temperature solution, while simultaneously diffusing the accumulated concentrated sulfuric acid upward, balancing the vertical temperature gradient. During this process, the auxiliary drive plate 21 moves synchronously with the main support sealing plate 18, forcing the solution within the first elastic cylinder 22 into the telescopic member through the first connecting channel 27. This pushes the ejector barrel 29 outward within the guide connecting barrel 28, causing the cooling separation ring barrel 13 to expand outward, increasing the contact area between the cooling liquid and the reaction solution and accelerating heat transfer.

[0081] The cooling solution enters the flow loops of the reaction tank body 1 and the annular cooling chamber 12 through the first water inlet pipe 4 and the second flexible water inlet pipe 33, respectively, forming a dual internal and external cooling system: the external cooling solution circulates within the reaction tank body 1; the internal cooling solution is disturbed by the stirring rod 25 within the dual loops of the annular cooling chamber 12, flowing in an orderly laminar state to avoid backmixing and dead zones. When the temperatures above and below the reaction chamber converge, the gas in the gas chamber 38 returns to its initial state, and the first spring 20 and the first tension spring 30 release their elastic potential energy, driving the annular cooling chamber 12 and the cooling separation ring barrel 13 to reset, preparing for the next temperature fluctuation adjustment.

[0082] This continuous nitration reaction equipment solves the problems of stagnation on the inner wall of the traditional reaction chamber, temperature unevenness caused by density difference, and low heat exchange efficiency through the mechanical mixing of the stirring rod 11, dynamic temperature control of the annular cooling chamber 12, thermal boundary layer destruction of the stirring rod 25, and flow channel optimization of the cooling separation ring barrel 13. It achieves efficient mixing and precise temperature control of the reaction solution, significantly improves the conversion rate, product purity and production stability of the nitration reaction, and meets the stringent requirements of industrial continuous production.

[0083] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These are merely for ease of description and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component described must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0084] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0085] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous nitration reaction device, comprising a reaction tank body (1) and a drive motor (2) arranged at the top of the reaction tank body (1), characterized in that: The reaction tank body (1) is provided with a plurality of reaction chambers (7) capable of being injected with materials, and the plurality of reaction chambers (7) are connected in sequence, and the plurality of reaction chambers (7) are each provided with an annular cooling chamber (12) capable of moving up and down, and the reaction chamber (7) is provided with a plurality of stirring rods (11) capable of stirring the materials, and the upper and lower surfaces of the annular cooling chamber (12) are each provided with a plurality of driving blades (14) capable of rotating by the material rotating in the reaction chamber (7), and the middle of the upper and lower surfaces of the annular cooling chamber (12) is provided with a cooling separation ring barrel (13) capable of extending outward, and the cooling separation ring barrel (13) can divide the interior of the annular cooling chamber (12) into two connected flow rings, and each flow ring is provided with a plurality of stirring rods (25) capable of rotating synchronously with the driving blades (14).

2. A continuous nitration reaction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner circumference of the reaction tank body (1) is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder (3), and a gap is formed between the inner circumference of the inner cylinder (3) and the inner circumference of the reaction tank body (1). The lower surface of the first of the plurality of reaction chambers (7) from bottom to top is fixedly connected to a plurality of stabilizing connecting rods (9), and the bottom end of the stabilizing connecting rod (9) is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder (3). A plurality of stabilizing connecting rods (9) are also provided between two adjacent reaction chambers (7). A driving rod (6) coaxial with the inner cylinder (3) is fixedly mounted on the driving shaft of the driving motor (2). One end of the driving rod (6) passes through the plurality of reaction chambers (7) in sequence, and the driving rod (6) and the reaction chamber (7) are rotatably connected. One end of the stirring rod (11) is fixedly connected to the driving rod (6).

3. A continuous nitration reaction equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the outer peripheral surface of the reaction chamber (7) is fixedly connected to a plurality of feed pipes (10) each of which extends to the outside of the reaction tank body (1); the outer peripheral surfaces of two upper and lower adjacent reaction chambers (7) are fixedly connected to a connecting pipe (8) capable of promoting communication between the two reaction chambers (7); the top end of the connecting pipe (8) is fixedly connected to the top end of the corresponding reaction chamber (7); the bottom end of the connecting pipe (8) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the corresponding reaction chamber (7); the bottom end of the outer peripheral surface of the reaction tank body (1) is fixedly connected to a first water inlet pipe (4) having one end that sequentially passes through the reaction tank body (1) and the inner tube (3) and extends into the inner tube (3); and the top end of the outer peripheral surface of the reaction tank body (1) is also fixedly connected to a first water outlet pipe (5) having one end that extends into the inner tube (3).

4. A continuous nitration reaction equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two flow loops are both provided with a second partition plate (34) capable of causing them to form a state where the ends are not connected, and the outer peripheral surface of the annular cooling chamber (12) is fixedly connected to a hard second water inlet pipe (32) with one end extending to the head of the two flow loops, and the outer end of the hard second water inlet pipe (32) is fixedly connected to a soft second water inlet pipe (33) with one end sequentially passing through the reaction chamber (7), the inner tube (3) and the reaction tank body (1), and the outer peripheral surface of the annular cooling chamber (12) is also fixedly connected to a hard second water outlet pipe (36) with one end extending to the tail of the two flow loops, and the outer end of the hard second water outlet pipe (36) is fixedly connected to a soft second water outlet pipe (37) with one end sequentially passing through the reaction chamber (7), the inner tube (3) and the reaction tank body (1).

5. A continuous nitration reaction equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper and lower surfaces of the annular cooling chamber (12) are rotatably connected to a stirring shaft (26) extending into the annular cooling chamber (12), the driving blade (14) is fixedly connected to the outer end of the stirring shaft (26), and the stirring rod (25) is fixedly connected to the inner end of the stirring shaft (26).

6. A continuous nitration reaction equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of air chambers (38) are evenly arranged in the peripheral wall of the reaction chamber (7), and the plurality of air chambers (38) are evenly divided into upper and lower parts by the annular cooling chamber (12), and each air chamber (38) is filled with an inert gas that can expand and contract according to the temperature change in the reaction chamber (7). The inner peripheral surface of the reaction chamber (7) and the position corresponding to each air chamber (38) are fixedly connected with an arc-shaped mounting cylinder (16), and the side of the arc-shaped mounting cylinder (16) away from the inner peripheral surface of the reaction chamber (7) is slidably connected with a main supporting sealing plate (18), and the side of the main supporting sealing plate (18) close to the annular cooling chamber (12) is fixedly connected to the annular cooling chamber (12), and the upper and lower ends of the main supporting sealing plate (18) away from the annular cooling chamber (12) are provided with expansion driving components connected to the corresponding air chamber (38).

7. A continuous nitration reaction equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The expansion drive component includes a secondary support sealing plate (19) fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the main support sealing plate (18), the secondary support sealing plate (19) is slidably connected in the arc-shaped mounting tube (16), and the side of the main support sealing plate (18) close to the inner circumference of the reaction chamber (7) is fixedly connected to two first partition plates (23), the first partition plates (23) are slidably connected in the arc-shaped mounting tube (16), so that the first partition plates (23), the main support sealing plate (18), the inner circumference of the reaction chamber (7) and the secondary support sealing plate (19) can form a first sealed space, and a second elastic tube (31) connected to the corresponding air chamber (38) is provided in the first sealed space, and the secondary support sealing plate (19) is fixedly connected to a reset component with one end provided on the arc-shaped mounting tube (16) on the side away from the main support sealing plate (18); The reset component includes a first spring (20) with one end fixedly connected to the auxiliary support sealing plate (19), and the end of the first spring (20) away from the auxiliary support sealing plate (19) is fixedly connected to a movable plate (17), and the movable plate (17) is slidably connected in the arc-shaped mounting cylinder (16).

8. A continuous nitration reaction equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: An auxiliary drive plate (21) is provided between the two symmetrically arranged cooling separation ring barrels (13), one end of which sequentially penetrates the annular cooling chamber (12) and the main support sealing plate (18), and one end of the auxiliary drive plate (21) close to the inner peripheral surface of the reaction chamber (7) abuts against the inner peripheral surface of the reaction chamber (7). Telescopic components are provided on both upper and lower sides of the end of the auxiliary drive plate (21) close to the cooling separation ring barrel (13), and the ends of the plurality of telescopic components away from the auxiliary drive plate (21) are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding cooling separation ring barrels (13).

9. A continuous nitration reaction equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first partition plate (23), the main support sealing plate (18), the auxiliary drive plate (21) and the inner circumference of the reaction chamber (7) can form a second sealed space, wherein a first elastic tube (22) is provided in the second sealed space, and the upper and lower surfaces of the auxiliary drive plate (21) are both provided with a first connecting channel (27) with one end being connected to the corresponding first elastic tube (22), and the other end of the first connecting channel (27) is connected to the corresponding telescopic component.

10. A continuous nitration reaction equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The telescopic component comprises a guide connecting cylinder (28) having one end fixedly connected to the auxiliary driving plate (21); an inner circumferential surface of the guide connecting cylinder (28) is slidably connected to an ejection barrel (29) having one end fixedly connected to the cooling separation ring barrel (13); an inner circumferential surface of the guide connecting cylinder (28) is fixedly connected to an openwork circular plate (35) at one end close to the auxiliary driving plate (21); a side of the openwork circular plate (35) away from the auxiliary driving plate (21) is fixedly connected to a first tension spring (30) having one end arranged in the ejection barrel (29); and one end of the first connecting channel (27) is communicated with the guide connecting cylinder (28) and the ejection barrel (29).

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