Laser cutting head suitable for special-shaped space curved surface machining
Through dynamic adjustment and real-time detection and calibration of the main and auxiliary laser systems, combined with auxiliary gas and jet heads, the problems of unevenness and low accuracy of traditional laser cutting heads on the curved surface of the special-shaped space are solved, achieving high-quality cutting effect and internal protection.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510923808.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-15
AI Technical Summary
When processing special-shaped space curved workpieces, it is difficult for traditional laser cutting heads to ensure the uniform melting depth of both sides at the same time, resulting in uneven cutting and tilting of the cutting joint, or partially uncut or overburning, affecting the cutting quality and accuracy, especially on complex curved surfaces, uneven energy distribution and difficult heat-affected zone control, resulting in uneven cut surfaces and difficult to remove burrs, increasing post-treatment costs.
The main laser system and the auxiliary laser system on both sides are used to dynamically adjust the laser power to compensate for the thickness difference, and the cutting path is detected and calibrated in real time through the auxiliary laser system to ensure that it is perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece. The auxiliary gas is used to preheat and remove burrs. The jet head forms an air wall to prevent Mars from splashing and protect optical components.
It realizes the uniformity and accuracy of cutting joint depth on the curved surface of the special-shaped space, improves the flatness and smoothness of the cut surface, enhances the cutting accuracy and quality stability, convenient burr removal, protection of internal optical components, and reduces post-processing costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN120480435A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting, in particular to a laser cutting head suitable for processing special-shaped spatial curved surfaces. Background Art
[0002] At present, in the process of processing and cutting special-shaped spatial curved surface workpieces, traditional laser cutting heads usually use a single laser beam for cutting. However, special-shaped spatial curved surface workpieces have uneven thickness. When there is a difference in the thickness of the workpiece on both sides of the cutting path, a single laser beam is difficult to ensure the same penetration depth on both sides at the same time, which can easily lead to uneven cutting seam depth, tilted cutting surface, or even partial incomplete cutting or overburning, seriously affecting the cutting quality and accuracy. When cutting complex curved surfaces, energy distribution is uneven and it is difficult to control the heat-affected zone, which can easily produce uneven cutting surfaces and difficult-to-remove burrs, reducing product surface quality and increasing post-processing costs.
[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a laser cutting head that is suitable for processing special-shaped spatial curved surfaces to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a laser cutting head adapted for processing irregular spatial curved surfaces, comprising a cutting head, wherein the cutting head is provided with a mirror cavity and an air cavity distributed up and down, the mirror cavity and the air cavity are separated by a flat thin mirror, a main laser system is provided at the center of the upper end of the mirror cavity, and the interior of the mirror cavity is provided with reflecting mirrors located on both sides below the main laser system, the reflecting mirrors correspond to auxiliary laser systems installed on the side of the mirror cavity, and the air cavity is connected to an auxiliary gas inlet near the upper end.
[0005] Furthermore, the master laser system includes a master laser, and the master laser is capable of emitting a master laser beam.
[0006] Furthermore, the auxiliary laser system includes an auxiliary laser head installed on the side of the mirror cavity, the auxiliary laser heads are respectively connected to auxiliary lasers, the auxiliary lasers can emit auxiliary laser beam 2, and the auxiliary laser beam 2 and the main laser beam are arranged coplanar.
[0007] Furthermore, the auxiliary laser head is also connected to a laser detection transmitter and receiver, which includes a laser detection transmitter and a laser detection receiver. The laser detection transmitter can emit a detection beam, and the detection beam and auxiliary beam 2 are coplanar. The detection beam is set between auxiliary beam 2 and the main laser beam.
[0008] Furthermore, the auxiliary laser can also emit auxiliary laser beam one and auxiliary laser beam three arranged coplanarly, wherein the auxiliary laser beam one and auxiliary laser beam three are arranged between the auxiliary beam two and the main laser beam, and the detection beam is also arranged between the auxiliary laser beam one and auxiliary laser beam three.
[0009] Furthermore, the reflector is rotatably mounted on the cutting head via a rotating shaft, and a driving motor connected to the rotating shaft is mounted on the cutting head.
[0010] Furthermore, an air channel is provided on the side wall of the lower part of the air cavity, the upper end of the air channel is connected to the air cavity, and an air jet head connected to the lower end of the air channel is installed outside the lower end of the cutting head.
[0011] Furthermore, the jet head includes a rotating sleeve installed at the lower end of the cutting head, an annular cavity is provided between the upper end of the rotating sleeve and the lower end of the air duct, the side wall of the rotating sleeve is provided with perforations evenly distributed around the circumference, the upper ends of the perforations are connected to the annular cavity, and the lower ends of the perforations pass through the lower end of the rotating sleeve.
[0012] Furthermore, the rotating sleeve is rotatably connected to the cutting head, and the projections of the upper and lower ends of the perforations on the horizontal plane are staggered left and right, and the projection of the upper end of the perforations on the horizontal plane is close to the lower end of the air cavity, and the projection of the lower end of the perforations on the horizontal plane is far away from the lower end of the air cavity.
[0013] Furthermore, the projections of the upper and lower ends of the perforations on the horizontal plane are arranged to be staggered front to back.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a laser cutting head suitable for processing irregular space curved surfaces, which has the following features:
[0015] Beneficial effects:
[0016] In the present invention, the main cutting is performed by the main laser system, and the auxiliary laser systems on both sides dynamically adjust the laser power according to the thickness difference or melting state on both sides of the cutting path, accurately compensate for the difference in energy requirements on both sides, and ensure that the cutting seam depth is evenly improved on the special-shaped curved surface with complex thickness changes, effectively avoiding local incomplete cutting or overburning, and improving the flatness of the cut surface and the smoothness of the side wall. The main laser beam and the auxiliary laser beam are in the same plane and the plane is perpendicular to the cutting seam, which effectively promotes the uniform diffusion of cutting heat from the center to both sides, further improving the uniformity of the cut surface.
[0017] In the present invention, the auxiliary laser system can be used for real-time detection before and during cutting. By comparing the collected data of the reflected signals on the left and right sides, it can be judged in real time whether the cutting head is perpendicular to the current workpiece surface. If there is a deviation, it can be calibrated according to the difference to ensure that the cutting is always carried out in the normal direction, which greatly improves the consistency accuracy between the actual cutting trajectory and the preset path. During the cutting process, the detection beam can be directed to the formed section, receive the reflected signal, and reflect the depth and shape of the section by analyzing the effective drop data corresponding to the signals on the left and right sides. The relative consistency of the melting rates on both sides is monitored in real time. When it is detected that the melting rates on both sides are inconsistent, the power of the auxiliary laser on the side with slower melting can be automatically increased or the focus position of the reflector on that side can be fine-tuned by driving the motor. At the same time, the excessively fast side can be suppressed, which can quickly respond to and correct uneven melting, effectively suppress the generation of uneven sections, and improve cutting accuracy and quality stability.
[0018] In the present invention, auxiliary laser beam one and auxiliary laser beam three can be flexibly used for preheating, heating the material in front of the cutting direction to improve the cutting smoothness, retaining residual heat after cutting to soften burrs, and cooperating with auxiliary gas to make it easier to remove burrs and improve the cutting edge quality. The auxiliary gas is formed into a conical and firm annular gas wall through the nozzle, which can effectively prevent sparks, slag, etc. generated by cutting from splashing upward into the air cavity and mirror cavity, protecting the internal precision optical components from contamination and damage, ensuring stable output of laser energy, and assisting in blowing away the debris below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the laser cutting head of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the laser cutting head of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the auxiliary laser system structure of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure at A;
[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of BB structure;
[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cutting seam from above;
[0025] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the nozzle of the present invention;
[0026] In the figure: 1. Cutting head; 2. Main laser system; 3. Auxiliary laser system; 4. Reflector; 5. Flat thin mirror; 6. Auxiliary gas inlet; 7. Air jet; 8. Cutting seam; 11. Mirror cavity; 12. Gas cavity; 21. Main laser; 22. Main laser beam; 31. Auxiliary laser head; 32. Auxiliary laser; 33. Laser detection transmitter and receiver; 34. Laser detection receiver; 321. Auxiliary laser beam 1; 322. Auxiliary laser beam 2; 323. Auxiliary laser beam 3; 331. Detection beam; 41. Rotating shaft; 42. Drive motor; 61. Airway; 71. Rotating sleeve; 72. Annular cavity; 73. Perforation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 The present invention provides a technical solution: a laser cutting head adapted for processing irregular spatial curved surfaces, comprising a cutting head 1, wherein the cutting head 1 is provided with a mirror cavity 11 and an air cavity 12 distributed up and down, the mirror cavity 11 and the air cavity 12 are separated by a flat thin mirror 5, a main laser system 2 is provided at the center of the upper end of the mirror cavity 11, and the mirror cavity 11 is provided with a reflector 4 located on both sides below the main laser system 2, the reflector 4 corresponds to an auxiliary laser system 3 installed on the side of the mirror cavity 11, and the air cavity 12 is connected to an auxiliary gas inlet 6 near the upper end. The main laser system 2 and the auxiliary laser systems 3 on both sides are coplanar, constituting a cutting method in which the main laser system 2 is used as the main cutting method and the two auxiliary laser systems 3 are used to assist the main laser system 2 in cutting. Combined with Figure 3 、 6 As shown, in the process of cutting the special-shaped spatial curved workpiece, if there is a thickness difference on both sides of the cutting path in the preset cutting path, in the process of the main laser system 2 emitting laser to cut the special-shaped spatial curved workpiece, it is possible to maintain the stability of the laser cutting power of the main laser system 2 by cooperating with the auxiliary laser systems 3 on both sides to adjust the laser power of the auxiliary laser system 3, so that the energy on both sides of the laser cutting of the main laser system 2 is adjusted so that the depth of the cutting seam 8 is uniformly improved. That is to say, by cooperating with the auxiliary laser systems 3 on both sides to adjust the laser power and the laser power of the main laser system 2, and observing in the direction perpendicular to the cutting seam 8, the main laser system 2 and the two sides of the main laser system 2 can be cut synchronously, which can cause the cut surface to form a relatively uniform plane, so that the cutting depth is uniformly improved, forming a cutting seam 8, further improving the smoothness of the side wall of the cutting seam 8, and improving the consistency accuracy of the formed cutting seam 8 trajectory and the preset cutting path.
[0028] In this embodiment, the main laser system 2 includes a main laser 21 , and the main laser 21 can emit a main laser beam 22 , that is, the main laser 21 emits a main laser beam 22 for cutting.
[0029] In this embodiment, the auxiliary laser system 3 includes an auxiliary laser head 31 installed on the side of the mirror cavity 11, and the auxiliary laser head 31 is connected to an auxiliary laser 32. The auxiliary laser 32 can emit an auxiliary laser beam 322. The auxiliary laser beam 322 and the main laser beam 22 are arranged coplanar. Figure 6 As shown, by arranging the auxiliary laser beam 2 322 and the main laser beam 22 in the same plane, the auxiliary laser beam 2 322 and the main laser beam 22 are located in a plane perpendicular to the cutting seam 8, so as to improve the uniformity of heat diffusion from the center of the cutting seam 8 to both sides during the laser cutting process, thereby improving the effect of the planar shape of the cut surface, and further improving the accuracy and quality of the cut surface.
[0030] In this embodiment, the auxiliary laser head 31 is also connected to a laser detection transmitter and receiver 33, which includes a laser detection transmitter and a laser detection receiver. The laser detection transmitter can emit a detection beam 331, and the detection beam 331 and the auxiliary beam 2 322 are arranged in the same plane. The detection beam 311 is arranged between the auxiliary beam 2 322 and the main laser beam 22. Among them, before cutting the special-shaped spatial curved surface workpiece, if it is necessary to cut the surface of the special-shaped spatial curved surface workpiece perpendicularly, the detection beam 331 emitted by the laser detection transmitter is directed to the reflector 4, and the detection beam 331 reflected by the reflector 4 is directed to the surface of the special-shaped spatial curved surface workpiece, and then the signal collection data is received by the laser detection receiver. By comparing whether the collected data on the left and right sides are relatively consistent, if so, it is perpendicular to the surface of the special-shaped spatial curved surface workpiece. If not, it is adjusted according to the difference between the collected data on the left and right sides. In the process of cutting the special-shaped spatial curved surface workpiece, every time the detection beam 331 contacts the surface of a new special-shaped spatial curved surface workpiece, it can be judged whether to cut in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the special-shaped spatial curved surface workpiece, so that multiple judgments are made in the process of cutting the special-shaped spatial curved surface workpiece, thereby further improving the accuracy of surface alignment with the special-shaped spatial curved surface workpiece.
[0031] In addition, during the cutting process of a workpiece with a special-shaped spatial curved surface, the detection beam 331 emitted by the laser detection transmitter is directed to the reflector 4, and the detection beam 331 reflected by the reflector 4 is directed to the cut surface. The laser detection receiver then receives the signal and collects data to obtain effective descent data that conforms to the stable fluctuation of the cut surface depth. The descent data on the left and right sides are then compared to see whether the collected data on the left and right sides are relatively consistent. If so, the cut surface is formed as a relatively uniform plane. If not, the cut surface is uneven, and the melting rates on both sides of the main laser beam 22 are inconsistent. The side that melts faster is likely to continue to spread the melting to the side where it is located, which may easily lead to over-melting, while the side that melts slower is likely to result in insufficient melting to the side where it is located, thereby reducing the cutting accuracy. Therefore, in this embodiment, for the side that melts slower, the laser power of the auxiliary laser 32 on that side is increased, thereby increasing the melting rate on that side. When the melting rates on both sides are relatively consistent, the cut surface can be formed as a relatively uniform plane again.
[0032] Among them, by arranging the detection beam 331 and the auxiliary beam 2 322 in the same plane, the auxiliary laser beam 2 322, the main laser beam 22 and the detection beam 331 are located in the same plane perpendicular to the cutting seam 8, and the detection beam 311 is arranged between the auxiliary beam 2 322 and the main laser beam 22 to improve the effectiveness of the detection data of the detection beam 311.
[0033] In this embodiment, the auxiliary laser 32 can also emit a coplanar auxiliary laser beam 1 321 and an auxiliary laser beam 3 323. The auxiliary laser beam 1 321 and the auxiliary laser beam 3 323 are arranged between the auxiliary laser beam 2 322 and the main laser beam 22, and the detection beam 331 is also arranged between the auxiliary laser beam 1 321 and the auxiliary laser beam 3 323. In other words, the auxiliary laser beam 1 321 and the auxiliary laser beam 3 323 can be used for preheating and retaining residual heat. Specifically, if the direction of the auxiliary laser beam 1 321 is the direction of movement of the cutting seam 8, the auxiliary laser beam 1 321 acts as a preheating to improve cutting smoothness, and the auxiliary laser beam 3 323 acts as a residual heat retention function to retain residual heat when the cut surface penetrates, so that the burrs have a certain amount of heat, which has a softening effect. Combined with the impact of the gas, it is conducive to better burr removal.
[0034] In this embodiment, the reflector 4 is also rotatably mounted on the cutting head 1 via a rotating shaft 41, and a driving motor 42 connected to the rotating shaft 41 is mounted on the cutting head 1. That is to say, in the above content, when the cut surface is uneven, for the side with a slower melting rate, when the laser power of the auxiliary laser 32 on that side is increased, the reflector 4 can be slightly rotated by adjusting the driving motor 42 on that side to increase the focus to a positive defocus state, that is, the focus is below the cut surface, thereby increasing the melting rate on that side. For the side with a faster melting rate, the reflector 4 can be slightly rotated by adjusting the driving motor 42 on that side to increase the focus to a negative defocus state, that is, the focus is above the cut surface, thereby reducing the melting rate on that side, further improving the adjustment accuracy, and improving the cutting quality.
[0035] In this embodiment, an air channel 61 is provided on the side wall of the lower portion of the air cavity 12, the upper end of the air channel 61 is connected to the air cavity 12, and an air nozzle 7 connected to the lower end of the air channel 61 is installed on the outer portion of the lower end of the cutting head 1. This is conducive to timely blowing away sparks and debris below the cutting.
[0036] In this embodiment, the air jet head 7 includes a rotating sleeve 71 mounted at the lower end of the cutting head 1. An annular cavity 72 is defined between the upper end of the rotating sleeve 71 and the lower end of the air passage 61. The sidewall of the rotating sleeve 71 is provided with perforations 73 evenly spaced around the circumference. The upper ends of the perforations 73 are connected to the annular cavity 72, and the lower ends of the perforations 73 extend through the lower end of the rotating sleeve 71. The air jet head 7 forms an annular air wall, which helps prevent sparks and debris from entering the air cavity 12, thereby improving protection. It also helps prevent sparks and debris from entering the beam path, thereby ensuring the stability of laser energy output.
[0037] In this embodiment, the rotary sleeve 71 is rotatably connected to the cutting head 1, and the upper and lower ends of the perforations 73 are staggered in the horizontal plane. The horizontal projection of the upper end of the perforations 73 is close to the lower end of the air cavity 12, while the horizontal projection of the lower end of the perforations 73 is away from the lower end of the air cavity 12. This facilitates the formation of a conical structure of the annular air wall, allowing the impact of the air wall to drive sparks and debris outward.
[0038] In this embodiment, the projections of the upper and lower ends of the perforations 73 on the horizontal plane are staggered in a front-to-back manner, which is beneficial for making the annular air wall impact more solid.
[0039] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A laser cutting head adapted for processing irregular spatial curved surfaces, comprising a cutting head (1), characterized in that: The cutting head (1) is provided with a mirror cavity (11) and an air cavity (12) distributed up and down, the mirror cavity (11) and the air cavity (12) are separated by a flat thin mirror (5), a main laser system (2) is provided at the center of the upper end of the mirror cavity (11), and reflectors (4) are provided inside the mirror cavity (11) on both sides below the main laser system (2), and the reflectors (4) correspond to auxiliary laser systems (3) installed on the sides of the mirror cavity (11), and the upper end of the air cavity (12) is connected to an auxiliary gas inlet (6).
2. The laser cutting head adapted for processing irregular spatial curved surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The master laser system (2) comprises a master laser (21) capable of emitting a master laser beam (22).
3. The laser cutting head adapted for processing irregular spatial curved surfaces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The auxiliary laser system (3) comprises an auxiliary laser head (31) mounted on the side of the mirror cavity (11), the auxiliary laser head (31) is respectively connected to an auxiliary laser (32), the auxiliary laser (32) is capable of emitting an auxiliary laser beam (322), and the auxiliary laser beam (322) and the main laser beam (22) are coplanarly arranged.
4. The laser cutting head adapted for processing irregular spatial curved surfaces according to claim 3, characterized in that: The auxiliary laser head (31) is further connected to a laser detection transmitter and receiver (33), which includes a laser detection transmitter and a laser detection receiver. The laser detection transmitter is capable of emitting a detection beam (331), the detection beam (331) and the auxiliary beam 2 (322) are coplanarly arranged, and the detection beam (311) is arranged between the auxiliary beam 2 (322) and the main laser beam (22).
5. The laser cutting head adapted for processing irregular spatial curved surfaces according to claim 4, characterized in that: The auxiliary laser (32) can also emit an auxiliary laser beam one (321) and an auxiliary laser beam three (323) arranged in a coplanar manner, wherein the auxiliary laser beam one (321) and the auxiliary laser beam three (323) are arranged between the auxiliary laser beam two (322) and the main laser beam (22), and the detection beam (331) is also arranged between the auxiliary laser beam one (321) and the auxiliary laser beam three (323).
6. The laser cutting head adapted for processing irregular spatial curved surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflector (4) is also rotatably mounted on the cutting head (1) via a rotating shaft (41), and a driving motor (42) connected to the rotating shaft (41) is mounted on the cutting head (1).
7. The laser cutting head adapted for processing irregular spatial curved surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air channel (61) is provided on the side wall of the lower portion of the air cavity (12), the upper end of the air channel (61) is connected to the air cavity (12), and an air jet head (7) connected to the lower end of the air channel (61) is externally mounted on the lower end of the cutting head (1).
8. The laser cutting head adapted for processing irregular spatial curved surfaces according to claim 7, characterized in that: The jet head (7) comprises a rotary sleeve (71) mounted at the lower end of the cutting head (1); an annular cavity (72) is provided between the upper end of the rotary sleeve (71) and the lower end of the air passage (61); and perforations (73) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the side wall of the rotary sleeve (71); the upper ends of the perforations (73) are connected to the annular cavity (72), and the lower ends of the perforations (73) pass through the lower end of the rotary sleeve (71).
9. The laser cutting head adapted for processing irregular spatial curved surfaces according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rotating sleeve (71) is rotatably connected to the cutting head (1), and the projections of the upper and lower ends of the perforations (73) on the horizontal plane are staggered left and right, and the projection of the upper end of the perforations (73) on the horizontal plane is close to the lower end of the air cavity (12), and the projection of the lower end of the perforations (73) on the horizontal plane is far away from the lower end of the air cavity (12).
10. The laser cutting head adapted for processing irregular spatial curved surfaces according to claim 9, characterized in that: The projections of the upper and lower ends of the perforations (73) on the horizontal plane are arranged in a front-to-back staggered manner.