Wetland ecology monitoring buoy and monitoring method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a wetland ecology monitoring buoy and a monitoring method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of wetland ecology monitoring. The wetland ecology monitoring buoy comprises a monitoring buoy, a wetland ecology monitoring unit and a monitoring and early warning processing system; the monitoring buoy main body comprises a storm-resistant floating body, a bearing bracket, a solar power generation panel, a main sealed cabin body, an auxiliary sealed cabin body, a wiring harness channel, a hanging ring, an anchor rope and a concrete base, and the bearing bracket, the main sealed cabin body, the auxiliary sealed cabin body and the wiring harness channel are all mounted at the storm-resistant floating body. According to the system, multiple monitoring modules are arranged to monitor multiple parameters of basic water quality, heavy metals and organisms, the wetland ecological monitoring unit collects all parameters every two hours, the processing host can judge after receiving the monitoring information, and the monitoring and early warning structure can record the change amplitude of the pollution amount in detail, so that the pollution amount can be monitored in real time. And graded pollution early warning is carried out in time, so that workers can find and carry out emergency treatment in time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wetland ecological monitoring, and in particular to a wetland ecological monitoring buoy and a monitoring method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Wetland ecological monitoring is an important means to maintain the health of wetland ecosystems and achieve sustainable development. Wetlands are habitats for a variety of organisms. Monitoring can evaluate the dynamics of plant and animal populations, such as bird migration and the distribution of rare species, and provide a basis for protecting endangered species. Wetlands have functions such as conserving water resources, purifying water quality, and regulating climate. Monitoring water quality such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and nitrogen and phosphorus content can quantify the ecological benefits of wetlands.

[0003] Traditional wetland monitoring mostly adopts a combination of manual sampling and laboratory analysis, which has defects such as data lag and low monitoring frequency. Existing wetland ecological monitoring buoys rely on single-parameter sensors to achieve coordinated monitoring of multiple pollution sources, and lack the ability to quantify ecological benefits and conduct causal analysis of pollution events. In order to further improve the effect of wetland ecological monitoring and conduct real-time monitoring and timely early warning of wetland pollution, a wetland ecological monitoring buoy and its monitoring method are proposed. A monitoring buoy is provided to stably position itself at a monitoring point in the wetland for ecological monitoring. A wetland ecological monitoring unit is provided to monitor multiple parameters, including basic water quality parameters, heavy metal parameters, and biological parameters. The wetland ecology can be monitored by scanning all parameters every 2 hours. When there is pollution, one-minute high-frequency sampling can be initiated to record the change in pollution in detail. The collection of multiple parameters facilitates the coordinated monitoring of multiple pollution sources by staff, thereby facilitating the rapid determination of pollution types so that gates can be linked in time to prevent the spread of pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a wetland ecological monitoring buoy and a monitoring method thereof, which solves the problems raised by the above-mentioned existing background technology. It can be stably positioned at the monitoring point of the wetland to carry out ecological monitoring work, and can perform multiple monitoring of basic water quality parameters, heavy metal parameters and biological parameters. It can record multiple monitoring parameters in detail to facilitate staff to carry out coordinated monitoring of multiple pollution sources, thereby facilitating rapid judgment of pollution types so as to timely link gates to prevent pollution spread.

[0005] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems with the following solution: a wetland ecological monitoring buoy, comprising a monitoring buoy, a wetland ecological monitoring unit, and a monitoring and early warning processing system. The monitoring buoy body comprises a wind and wave resistant float, a load-bearing bracket, a solar power generation panel, a primary sealed cabin, a secondary sealed cabin, a harness channel, a hanging ring, an anchor rope, and a concrete base. The load-bearing bracket, the primary sealed cabin, the secondary sealed cabin, and the harness channel are all mounted on the wind and wave resistant float, the solar power generation panel is mounted on the load-bearing bracket, the hanging ring is mounted on the primary sealed cabin, and both ends of the anchor rope are connected to the hanging ring and the concrete base via safety hooks, respectively. The processing host and waterproof battery are installed in the primary sealed cabin.

[0006] The wetland ecological monitoring unit includes a multi-spectral water quality sensor group, a heavy metal monitoring unit, and an algae monitoring module. The multi-spectral water quality sensor group is equipped with a pH sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, an ORP sensor, a turbidity sensor, and an ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus sensor. The heavy metal monitoring unit is equipped with a Cu 2+ Electrochemical sensor, Pb 2 +Electrochemical sensor, Cd 2 +Electrochemical sensor, the algae monitoring module is equipped with a chlorophyll a fluorescence probe and a 405nm cyanobacteria-specific spectral probe;

[0007] The monitoring and early warning processing system includes a processing host, a waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module, and a waterproof battery. The processing host is respectively connected to the multispectral water quality sensor group, the heavy metal monitoring unit, and the algae monitoring module. The waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module is connected to the processing host;

[0008] The monitoring method includes the following steps:

[0009] S1: Buoy placement: The multispectral water quality sensor group, heavy metal monitoring unit, and algae monitoring module are respectively installed in three secondary sealed cabins. The waterproof battery and processing host can be installed in the main sealed cabin. The waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module is installed on the top of the load-bearing bracket to send monitoring and early warning signals. The three concrete bases are placed in a triangular shape at the wetland monitoring location. The anchor ropes are connected to the hanging rings and concrete bases through safety hooks. The three concrete bases can position the anti-wave float floating on the water surface, thereby further improving the anti-wave capability and allowing the anti-wave float to be placed on the water surface and stabilized at the monitoring point for ecological monitoring.

[0010] S2: Basic water quality parameter monitoring: The pH sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor, ORP sensor, turbidity sensor, and ammonia, nitrogen, and phosphorus sensors of the multispectral water quality sensor group can be used to monitor basic water quality and transmit the monitoring parameters to the processing host for judgment. The judged warning signals and monitoring parameters are sent through the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module;

[0011] S3: Heavy metal parameter monitoring: Cu of heavy metal monitoring unit 2+ Electrochemical sensor, Pb 2 +Electrochemical sensor, Cd 2 +Electrochemical sensors can detect copper ions Cu 2+ 、Lead ion Pb 2 + and cadmium ions Cd 2 +Monitoring is carried out, and the monitoring parameters are transmitted to the processing host for judgment, and the judged warning signals and monitoring parameters are sent through the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module;

[0012] S4: Biological parameter monitoring: The algae monitoring module's chlorophyll a fluorescence probe and 405nm cyanobacteria-specific spectral probe can monitor chlorophyll a and cyanobacteria density respectively. The monitoring parameters are transmitted to the processing host for judgment, and the judged warning signals and monitoring parameters are sent through the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module;

[0013] S5: The wetland ecological monitoring unit collects all parameters every two hours. The processing host can make a judgment after receiving the monitoring information. When any parameter exceeds the threshold, it starts one-minute high-frequency sampling and transmits the sampling parameters to the management personnel. If a single parameter exceeds the standard, the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module sends an early warning signal to the management personnel and starts the surrounding camera inspection. If multiple parameters exceed the standard in a coordinated manner or a single parameter exceeds the standard seriously, the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module sends a red early warning signal to the management personnel, who then activates the linkage gate to control the spread of pollution. The management personnel can determine the type of pollution based on multiple monitoring parameters;

[0014] For example: Cu 2+ / Pb 2 + Exceeding the standard + COD rising + pH abnormality indicates industrial wastewater;

[0015] Exceeding the TN / TP standard, increasing chlorophyll a, and periodic fluctuations in turbidity indicate agricultural non-point source pollution.

[0016] NH3-N continues to rise + COD / P rises simultaneously + dissolved oxygen drops sharply, which is domestic sewage;

[0017] Chlorophyll a>25μg / L+pH>9.0 indicates an algal bloom.

[0018] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0019] Furthermore, four solar power generation panels are provided, and the four solar power generation panels are respectively installed on four sides of the load-bearing bracket. The four solar power generation panels are arranged at an angle, and the solar power generation panels can charge the waterproof battery.

[0020] Furthermore, the solar power generation panel is connected to a charging controller and is connected to a waterproof battery through the charging controller. The waterproof battery can supply power to the wetland ecological monitoring unit and the monitoring and early warning processing system through an inverter.

[0021] Furthermore, the pH sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor, ORP sensor, turbidity sensor, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus sensor, Cu 2+ Electrochemical sensor, Pb 2 +Electrochemical sensor, Cd 2 +Electrochemical sensors, chlorophyll a fluorescence probes and 405nm cyanobacteria-specific spectral probes all pass through the secondary sealed cabin, and the exit parts are sealed with sealant, so that various sensors can monitor the ecological environment of the wetland.

[0022] Furthermore, four harness channels are provided, three of which connect the main sealed cabin and the secondary sealed cabin, and one harness channel passes through the wind and wave resistant buoy, thereby facilitating the passage of wires and providing waterproof protection for the harness.

[0023] Furthermore, three secondary sealed cabins are provided, and the multispectral water quality sensor group, heavy metal monitoring unit, and algae monitoring module are respectively installed in the secondary sealed cabins, so that each monitoring module can be loaded separately to perform ecological monitoring work.

[0024] Further, in step S2, the pH sensor sends a yellow signal indicating acidic pollution when it detects pH < 5.0, and sends a yellow signal indicating alkaline pollution when it detects pH > 9.0;

[0025] The dissolved oxygen sensor monitors water quality ≥5mg / L as the healthy threshold, monitors water quality 3-5mg / L as the general threshold and sends a yellow signal, monitors water quality <3mg / L as the hypoxia threshold and sends a red signal (which may cause fish death);

[0026] The ORP sensor detects +50 to +300mV as the normal range, +0 to +50mV as the general warning threshold, and sends a yellow signal; <0mV is the abnormal threshold and sends an anaerobic red signal;

[0027] The turbidity sensor detects that <10NTU is in the normal range, 10-50NTU is the mild turbidity threshold and sends a yellow signal, and >50NTU is the severe turbidity threshold and sends a red signal;

[0028] The ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus sensor detects that total phosphorus (TP) ≤ 0.05 mg / L and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) ≤ 0.5 mg / L as safety thresholds. Detection of total phosphorus (TP) 0.05-0.2 mg / L indicates light pollution and a yellow signal is sent. > 0.2 mg / L indicates heavy pollution and a red signal is sent. Detection of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) greater than 1.0 mg / L sends a red signal. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) > 30 mg / L also sends a red signal.

[0029] Further, in step S3, Cu 2+ The electrochemical sensor sends a yellow signal when it detects 0.02mg / L-0.05mg / L, and a red signal when it detects >0.05mg / L;

[0030] Pb 2 +The electrochemical sensor sends a yellow signal when it detects 0.01mg / L-0.02mg / L, and sends a red signal when it detects >0.02mg / L;

[0031] Cd 2 +The electrochemical sensor sends a yellow signal when it detects 0.005mg / L-0.01mg / L, and sends a red signal when it detects >0.01mg / L.

[0032] Furthermore, in step S4, if the chlorophyll a fluorescence probe detects chlorophyll a of 10-25 μg / L, which is a mild algal bloom warning threshold, a yellow signal is sent; if it detects >25 μg / L, which is a severe algal bloom warning threshold, a red signal is sent;

[0033] The 405nm cyanobacteria-specific spectral probe detects a blue-green algae density of 20,000-50,000 cells / mL as the warning threshold, sending a yellow signal. When it detects >50,000 cells / mL as the outbreak threshold, it sends a red signal and activates the emergency oxygenation system.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a wetland ecological monitoring buoy and a monitoring method thereof, which have the following advantages:

[0035] 1. Such a wetland ecological monitoring buoy has a simple structure and is equipped with a bottom anchor structure to facilitate positioning of the buoy, so that the monitoring buoy has good wind and wave resistance and can be placed on the water surface stably at the monitoring point for ecological monitoring work;

[0036] 2. A variety of monitoring modules are set up to monitor multiple parameters of basic water quality, heavy metals, and organisms. The wetland ecological monitoring unit collects all parameters every two hours. The processing host can make a judgment after receiving the monitoring information. When any parameter exceeds the threshold, it starts one-minute high-frequency sampling and transmits the sampling parameters to the management personnel. If a single parameter exceeds the standard, the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module sends an early warning signal to the management personnel and starts the surrounding camera inspection. If multiple parameters exceed the standard collaboratively or a single parameter exceeds the standard seriously, the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module sends a red early warning signal to the management personnel. Such a monitoring and early warning structure can record the change in pollution in detail and issue graded pollution early warnings in time, so that staff can discover and take emergency measures in time.

[0037] 3. Management personnel can determine the type of pollution based on multiple monitoring parameters, thereby facilitating targeted prevention and control measures, so as to timely adopt appropriate methods to protect the wetland ecology according to the type of pollution.

[0038] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it according to the contents of the description, the following preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific implementation methods of the present invention are given in detail by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a wetland ecological monitoring buoy and a monitoring method thereof provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 A front view of a wetland ecological monitoring buoy and a monitoring method thereof provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a wind and wave resistant float in a wetland ecological monitoring buoy and a monitoring method thereof provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of an algae monitoring module in a wetland ecological monitoring buoy and a monitoring method thereof provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 A bottom view of a wetland ecological monitoring buoy and a monitoring method thereof provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are as follows:

[0046] 1. Anti-wave float; 2. Load-bearing bracket; 3. Solar panel; 4. Main sealed cabin; 5. Secondary sealed cabin; 6. Harness channel; 7. Hanging ring; 8. Anchor rope; 9. Concrete base; 10. Multi-spectral water quality sensor group; 11. Heavy metal monitoring unit; 12. Algae monitoring module; 13. pH sensor; 14. Dissolved oxygen sensor; 15. ORP sensor; 16. Turbidity sensor; 17. Ammonia, nitrogen and phosphorus sensor; 18. Cu 2+ Electrochemical sensor; 19, Pb 2 +Electrochemical sensor; 20, Cd 2 +Electrochemical sensor; 21. Chlorophyll a fluorescence probe; 22. 405nm cyanobacteria-specific spectral probe; 23. Processing host; 24. Waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module; 25. Waterproof battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following is combined with Figure 1-5 The principles and features of the present invention are described, and the examples given are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The following paragraphs describe the present invention in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not in exact proportions, and are only used for the purpose of conveniently and clearly assisting in illustrating the embodiments of the present invention.

[0048] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may also be a central component. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may also be a central component. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may also be a central component. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used in this specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0050] like Figure 1-5As shown, the present invention provides a wetland ecological monitoring buoy, including a monitoring buoy, a wetland ecological monitoring unit, and a monitoring and early warning processing system. The monitoring buoy body includes a wind and wave resistant float 1, a load-bearing bracket 2, a solar power generation panel 3, a primary sealed cabin 4, a secondary sealed cabin 5, a harness channel 6, a hanging ring 7, an anchor rope 8, and a concrete base 9. The load-bearing bracket 2, the primary sealed cabin 4, the secondary sealed cabin 5, and the harness channel 6 are all mounted on the wind and wave resistant float 1, the solar power generation panel 3 is mounted on the load-bearing bracket 2, the hanging ring 7 is mounted on the primary sealed cabin 4, and both ends of the anchor rope 8 are connected to the hanging ring 7 and the concrete base 9 respectively by safety hooks. The processing host 23 and the waterproof battery 25 are installed in the main sealed cabin 4.

[0051] The wetland ecological monitoring unit includes a multispectral water quality sensor group 10, a heavy metal monitoring unit 11, and an algae monitoring module 12. The multispectral water quality sensor group 10 is provided with a pH sensor 13, a dissolved oxygen sensor 14, an ORP sensor 15, a turbidity sensor 16, and an ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus sensor 17. The heavy metal monitoring unit 11 is provided with a Cu 2+ Electrochemical sensor 18, Pb 2 +Electrochemical sensor 19, Cd 2 + electrochemical sensor 20, the algae monitoring module 12 is provided with a chlorophyll a fluorescence probe 21 and a 405 nm cyanobacteria-specific spectrum probe 22;

[0052] The monitoring and early warning processing system includes a processing host 23, a waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module 24, and a waterproof battery 25. The processing host 23 is respectively connected to the multi-spectral water quality sensor group 10, the heavy metal monitoring unit 11, and the algae monitoring module 12, and the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module 24 is connected to the processing host 23.

[0053] Preferably, four solar power generation panels 3 are provided, and the four solar power generation panels 3 are respectively installed on four sides of the load-bearing bracket 2, and the four solar power generation panels 3 are arranged at an angle.

[0054] Preferably, the solar power generation panel 3 is connected to a charging controller and is connected to the waterproof battery 25 through the charging controller. The waterproof battery 25 can supply power to the wetland ecological monitoring unit and the monitoring and early warning processing system through an inverter.

[0055] Preferably, pH sensor 13, dissolved oxygen sensor 14, ORP sensor 15, turbidity sensor 16, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus sensor 17, Cu 2+ Electrochemical sensor 18, Pb 2 +Electrochemical sensor 19, Cd 2 The electrochemical sensor 20, the chlorophyll a fluorescence probe 21 and the 405 nm cyanobacteria-specific spectrum probe 22 all pass through the secondary sealed cabin 5, and the passing parts are sealed with sealant.

[0056] Preferably, four harness channels 6 are provided, three harness channels 6 connect the main sealed cabin 4 with the secondary sealed cabin 5 , and one harness channel 6 runs through the wind and wave resistant buoy 1 .

[0057] Preferably, three secondary sealed cabins 5 are provided, and the multispectral water quality sensor group 10 , the heavy metal monitoring unit 11 , and the algae monitoring module 12 are respectively installed in the secondary sealed cabin 5 .

[0058] The specific working principle and method of use of the present invention are as follows:

[0059] S1: Buoy placement: The multispectral water quality sensor group 10, heavy metal monitoring unit 11, and algae monitoring module 12 are respectively loaded into the three secondary sealed cabins 5. The waterproof battery 25 and processing host 23 can be loaded into the main sealed cabin 4. The waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module 24 is loaded on the top of the load-bearing bracket 2 to send monitoring and early warning signals. Three concrete bases 9 are placed in a triangular shape at the wetland monitoring location. The anchor rope 8 is connected to the hanging ring 7 and the concrete base 9 respectively through the safety hook. The three concrete bases 9 can position the anti-wave float 1 floating on the water surface, thereby further improving the anti-wave capability and allowing the anti-wave float 1 to be placed on the water surface and stabilized at the monitoring point for ecological monitoring.

[0060] S2: Basic water quality parameter monitoring: The pH sensor 13, dissolved oxygen sensor 14, ORP sensor 15, turbidity sensor 16, and ammonia, nitrogen, and phosphorus sensor 17 of the multispectral water quality sensor group 10 can be used to monitor basic water quality and transmit the monitoring parameters to the processing host 23 for determination, and send the determined warning signal and monitoring parameters through the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module 24;

[0061] The pH sensor 13 sends a yellow signal indicating acidic pollution when it detects pH < 5.0, and sends a yellow signal indicating alkaline pollution when it detects pH > 9.0;

[0062] The dissolved oxygen sensor 14 monitors water quality ≥5mg / L as a healthy threshold, monitors water quality 3-5mg / L as a normal threshold and sends a yellow signal, monitors water quality <3mg / L as an oxygen deficiency threshold and sends a red signal (which may cause fish death);

[0063] The ORP sensor 15 detects +50 to +300mV as the normal range, +0 to +50mV as the general warning threshold, and sends a yellow signal; <0mV is the abnormal threshold and sends an anaerobic red signal;

[0064] The turbidity sensor 16 detects that <10NTU is in the normal range, 10-50NTU is the mild turbidity threshold and sends a yellow signal, and >50NTU is the severe turbidity threshold and sends a red signal;

[0065] The ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus sensor 17 detects that total phosphorus (TP) ≤ 0.05 mg / L and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) ≤ 0.5 mg / L as safety thresholds. It sends a yellow signal when total phosphorus (TP) 0.05-0.2 mg / L is mild pollution, and a red signal is sent when it is > 0.2 mg / L. It sends a red signal when it is severe pollution. It sends a red signal when ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) is greater than 1.0 mg / L, and a red signal is sent when the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is > 30 mg / L.

[0066] S3: Heavy metal parameter monitoring: Cu in heavy metal monitoring unit 11 2+ Electrochemical sensor 18, Pb 2 +Electrochemical sensor 19, Cd 2 +Electrochemical sensor 20 can detect copper ions Cu 2+ 、Lead ion Pb 2 + and cadmium ions Cd 2 + Monitoring is performed, and the monitoring parameters are transmitted to the processing host 23 for judgment, and the judged warning signal and monitoring parameters are sent through the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module 24;

[0067] Cu 2+ The electrochemical sensor 18 sends a yellow signal when it detects 0.02mg / L-0.05mg / L, and sends a red signal when it detects >0.05mg / L;

[0068] Pb 2 + Electrochemical sensor 19 sends a yellow signal when it detects 0.01mg / L-0.02mg / L, and sends a red signal when it detects >0.02mg / L;

[0069] Cd 2 + The electrochemical sensor 20 sends a yellow signal when it detects 0.005mg / L-0.01mg / L, and sends a red signal when it detects >0.01mg / L;

[0070] S4: Biological parameter monitoring: The chlorophyll a fluorescence probe 21 and the 405 nm cyanobacteria-specific spectral probe 22 of the algae monitoring module 12 can monitor the chlorophyll a and cyanobacteria density respectively. The monitoring parameters are transmitted to the processing host 23 for determination, and the determined warning signal and monitoring parameters are sent via the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module 24;

[0071] The chlorophyll a fluorescence probe 21 detects chlorophyll a of 10-25 μg / L, which is the mild algal bloom warning threshold, and sends a yellow signal. It detects >25 μg / L, which is the severe algal bloom warning threshold, and sends a red signal.

[0072] The 405nm cyanobacteria-specific spectral probe 22 detects a blue-green algae density of 20,000-50,000 cells / mL as the warning threshold and sends a yellow signal. It detects an outbreak threshold of >50,000 cells / mL and sends a red signal and activates the emergency oxygenation system.

[0073] S5: The wetland ecological monitoring unit collects all parameters every two hours. The processing host 23 can make a judgment after receiving the monitoring information. When any parameter exceeds the threshold, it starts one-minute high-frequency sampling and transmits the sampling parameters to the management personnel. If a single parameter exceeds the standard, the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module 24 sends an early warning signal to the management personnel and starts the surrounding camera inspection. If multiple parameters exceed the standard collaboratively or a single parameter exceeds the standard seriously, the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module 24 sends a red early warning signal to the management personnel, and the management personnel immediately activates the linkage gate to control the spread of pollution. The management personnel can determine the type of pollution based on multiple monitoring parameters;

[0074] If Cu 2+ / Pb 2 + Exceeding the standard + COD rising + pH abnormality indicates industrial wastewater;

[0075] If TN / TP exceeds the standard + chlorophyll a surges + turbidity fluctuates periodically, it is agricultural non-point source pollution;

[0076] If NH3-N continues to rise + COD / P rises simultaneously + dissolved oxygen drops sharply, it is domestic sewage;

[0077] If chlorophyll a>25μg / L+pH>9.0, it is an algal bloom.

[0078] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second are used solely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Matters not described in detail in this specification are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0079] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any ordinary technician in this industry can smoothly implement the present invention as shown in the drawings and described above. However, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made by technicians familiar with this profession without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention using the technical content disclosed above are all equivalent embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wetland ecological monitoring buoy, comprising a monitoring buoy, a wetland ecological monitoring unit, and a monitoring and early warning processing system, characterized in that: The monitoring buoy body comprises a wind and wave resistant float (1), a load-bearing bracket (2), a solar power generation panel (3), a main sealed cabin (4), a secondary sealed cabin (5), a harness channel (6), a hanging ring (7), an anchor rope (8), and a concrete base (9); the load-bearing bracket (2), the main sealed cabin (4), the secondary sealed cabin (5), and the harness channel (6) are all installed on the wind and wave resistant float (1); the solar power generation panel (3) is installed on the load-bearing bracket (2); the hanging ring (7) is installed on the main sealed cabin (4); the two ends of the anchor rope (8) are connected to the hanging ring (7) and the concrete base (9) respectively through safety hooks; the processing host (23) and the waterproof battery (25) are installed in the main sealed cabin (4); The wetland ecological monitoring unit comprises a multispectral water quality sensor group (10), a heavy metal monitoring unit (11), and an algae monitoring module (12); the multispectral water quality sensor group (10) is provided with a pH sensor (13), a dissolved oxygen sensor (14), an ORP sensor (15), a turbidity sensor (16), and an ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus sensor (17); the heavy metal monitoring unit (11) is provided with a Cu 2+ Electrochemical sensor (18), Pb 2 +Electrochemical sensor (19), Cd 2 + electrochemical sensor (20), the algae monitoring module (12) is provided with a chlorophyll a fluorescence probe (21) and a 405 nm cyanobacteria-specific spectrum probe (22); The monitoring and early warning processing system comprises a processing host (23), a waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module (24), and a waterproof battery (25); the processing host (23) is connected to a multi-spectral water quality sensor group (10), a heavy metal monitoring unit (11), and an algae monitoring module (12), respectively; and the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module (24) is connected to the processing host (23); The monitoring method includes the following steps: S1: Buoy placement: The multispectral water quality sensor group (10), the heavy metal monitoring unit (11), and the algae monitoring module (12) are respectively loaded into the three secondary sealed cabins (5), the waterproof battery (25) and the processing host (23) can be loaded into the main sealed cabin (4), and the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module (24) is loaded on the top of the load-bearing bracket (2) to send monitoring and early warning signals. The three concrete bases (9) are placed in a triangle at the wetland monitoring position, and the anchor rope (8) is connected to the hanging ring (7) and the concrete base (9) through the safety hook. The three concrete bases (9) can position the wind and wave buoy (1) floating on the water surface, thereby further improving the wind and wave resistance, so that the wind and wave buoy (1) can be placed on the water surface and stabilized at the monitoring point to carry out ecological monitoring work; S2: Basic water quality parameter monitoring: The pH sensor (13), dissolved oxygen sensor (14), ORP sensor (15), turbidity sensor (16), and ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus sensor (17) of the multispectral water quality sensor group (10) can be used to monitor basic water quality and transmit the monitoring parameters to the processing host (23) for judgment, and send the judged warning signal and monitoring parameters through the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module (24); S3: Heavy metal parameter monitoring: Cu in heavy metal monitoring unit (11) 2+ Electrochemical sensor (18), Pb 2 +Electrochemical sensor (19), Cd 2 +Electrochemical sensor (20) can detect copper ions Cu 2+ 、Lead ion Pb 2 + and cadmium ions Cd 2 + monitoring, the monitoring parameters are transmitted to the processing host (23) for judgment, and the judged warning signal and monitoring parameters are sent through the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module (24); S4: Biological parameter monitoring: The chlorophyll a fluorescence probe (21) and the 405 nm cyanobacteria-specific spectral probe (22) of the algae monitoring module (12) can monitor the chlorophyll a and cyanobacteria density respectively. The monitoring parameters are transmitted to the processing host (23) for judgment, and the judged warning signal and monitoring parameters are sent through the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module (24); S5: The wetland ecological monitoring unit collects all parameters every two hours. The processing host (23) can make a judgment after receiving the monitoring information. When any parameter is greater than the threshold, it starts one-minute high-frequency sampling and transmits the sampling parameters to the management personnel. If a single parameter exceeds the standard, the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module (24) sends an early warning signal to the management personnel and starts the surrounding camera inspection. If multiple parameters exceed the standard in a coordinated manner or a single parameter exceeds the standard seriously, the waterproof LoRa / 5G dual-mode communication module (24) sends a red early warning signal to the management personnel, and the management personnel immediately starts the linkage gate to control the spread of pollution. The management personnel can determine the type of pollution based on multiple monitoring parameters.

2. A wetland ecological monitoring buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four solar power generation panels (3) are provided, and the four solar power generation panels (3) are respectively installed on four sides of the load-bearing bracket (2), and the four solar power generation panels (3) are arranged at an angle.

3. A wetland ecological monitoring buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar power generation panel (3) is connected to a charging controller and is connected to a waterproof battery (25) via the charging controller. The waterproof battery (25) can supply power to a wetland ecological monitoring unit and a monitoring and early warning processing system via an inverter.

4. A wetland ecological monitoring buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH sensor (13), dissolved oxygen sensor (14), ORP sensor (15), turbidity sensor (16), ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus sensor (17), Cu 2+ Electrochemical sensor (18), Pb 2 +Electrochemical sensor (19), Cd 2 The electrochemical sensor (20), the chlorophyll a fluorescence probe (21) and the 405 nm cyanobacteria-specific spectrum probe (22) all pass through the secondary sealed cabin (5), and the passing portion is sealed with a sealant.

5. A wetland ecological monitoring buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four harness channels (6) are provided, three of which connect the main sealed cabin (4) and the secondary sealed cabin (5), and one harness channel (6) passes through the wind and wave resistant buoy (1).

6. A wetland ecological monitoring buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary sealed cabins (5) are provided with three, and the multi-spectral water quality sensor group (10), the heavy metal monitoring unit (11), and the algae monitoring module (12) are respectively installed in the secondary sealed cabins (5).

7. A wetland ecological monitoring buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the pH sensor (13) sends a yellow signal indicating acidic pollution when it detects pH < 5.0, and sends a yellow signal indicating alkaline pollution when it detects pH > 9.0; The dissolved oxygen sensor (14) monitors the water quality to be ≥5mg / L as the healthy threshold, monitors the water quality to be 3-5mg / L as the normal threshold and sends a yellow signal, monitors the water quality to be <3mg / L as the hypoxia threshold and sends a red signal; The ORP sensor (15) detects +50 to +300 mV as the normal range, +0 to +50 mV as the general warning threshold, and sends a yellow signal, and <0 mV as the abnormal threshold and sends an anaerobic red signal; The turbidity sensor (16) detects that <10NTU is in the normal range, 10 to 50NTU is the threshold value of mild turbidity and sends a yellow signal, and >50NTU is the threshold value of severe turbidity and sends a red signal; The ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus sensor (17) detects that total phosphorus ≤ 0.05 mg / L and ammonia nitrogen ≤ 0.5 mg / L are safety thresholds. When total phosphorus is detected between 0.05 and 0.2 mg / L, it is light pollution and a yellow signal is sent. When it is > 0.2 mg / L, it is heavy pollution and a red signal is sent. When ammonia nitrogen is greater than 1.0 mg / L, a red signal is sent. When chemical oxygen demand is > 30 mg / L, a red signal is sent.

8. A wetland ecological monitoring buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, Cu 2+ The electrochemical sensor (18) sends a yellow signal when detecting 0.02mg / L-0.05mg / L, and sends a red signal when detecting >0.05mg / L; Pb 2 + The electrochemical sensor (19) sends a yellow signal when it detects 0.01mg / L-0.02mg / L, and sends a red signal when it detects >0.02mg / L; Cd 2 + The electrochemical sensor (20) sends a yellow signal when it detects 0.005mg / L-0.01mg / L, and sends a red signal when it detects >0.01mg / L.

9. A wetland ecological monitoring buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the chlorophyll a fluorescence probe (21) detects that the chlorophyll a is 10-25 μg / L, which is a mild algal bloom warning threshold, and sends a yellow signal; if it is >25 μg / L, which is a severe algal bloom warning threshold, and sends a red signal; The 405nm cyanobacteria-specific spectral probe (22) detects that the algae density of cyanobacteria is 20,000-50,000 cells / mL, which is the warning threshold, and sends a yellow signal. When it is detected that the density is >50,000 cells / mL, it is the outbreak threshold, and sends a red signal and activates the emergency oxygenation system.

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