Efficient solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor, relates to the technical field of biomass gasification, and solves the problems of low heat utilization efficiency and difficulty in in-situ cracking of tar in an existing solar gasification system. A water cooling device and quartz glass are arranged at the top of a reactor main body; the upper part of the reaction cavity is provided with a porous silicon carbide plate for absorbing solar radiation, and the bottom is provided with a reactant supporting plate; a plurality of exhaust ports are formed in the reactor main body, are positioned above the porous silicon carbide plate and are used for exhausting generated gas from the reaction cavity; a heat insulation layer is arranged outside the reaction cavity; a solar condenser is arranged above the reactor main body and is used for gathering and focusing solar radiation. Through structure optimization and function integration, the space conversion efficiency of solar heat energy is improved, high-temperature cracking of tar components on an exhaust path is achieved, and the quality of gasified products and the stability of the system are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biomass gasification, in particular to a high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy, biomass gasification technology, due to its abundant resources and carbon neutrality, has shown broad application prospects in replacing traditional fossil energy. Traditional biomass gasification typically relies on partial fuel self-ignition or external heating to provide the heat source for gasification. However, these heating methods are inefficient and often accompanied by high tar content and heavy gas purification burdens, which restrict the stability and economic efficiency of system operation.

[0003] In order to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions, indirect heating gasification devices using solar energy as a heat source have gradually emerged in recent years. In such systems, silicon carbide (SiC) plates are widely used to absorb and conduct solar radiation heat due to their excellent high-temperature thermal conductivity and structural stability. However, the existing SiC plate structures are mostly dense and gas-impermeable solid configurations with a single heat conduction path. The reaction gas is usually discharged through the bottom or side wall of the cavity, lacking effective coupling with the heat transfer interface. This structure limits the retention and uniform heating of the gas in the high-temperature zone, resulting in some tar components being directly discharged with the synthesis gas without undergoing sufficient thermal cracking, resulting in a high tar content and affecting the stable operation of the downstream system.

[0004] More critically, because the gas outlet in traditional reactors is positioned below the SiC heat transfer surface, the exhaust path is decoupled from the high-temperature surface, making it impossible to achieve thermal treatment of the gas and tar cracking during the exhaust process. Although some research has attempted to improve tar conversion efficiency by using external cracking chambers or catalytic beds, such structures are complex, energy-intensive, and difficult to achieve efficient integration.

[0005] Therefore, how to optimize the internal structural design of the reactor to achieve in-situ, continuous, and high-temperature secondary cracking of tar during the gasification process, while improving the spatial utilization efficiency of solar heat sources, is a key issue that urgently needs to be broken through in current solar gasification technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues of low heat utilization efficiency and difficulty in in-situ tar cracking in existing solar gasification systems, this invention proposes a highly efficient biomass gasification reactor using solar radiation heating and tar cracking. Through structural optimization and functional integration, this invention not only improves the spatial conversion efficiency of solar thermal energy but also achieves high-temperature cracking of tar components within the exhaust path, significantly enhancing the quality of the gasification product and system stability.

[0007] The present invention proposes a high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor, which specifically includes a reactor body, quartz glass, a porous silicon carbide plate and a reactant support plate. The quartz glass is provided on the top of the reactor body; a reaction chamber is provided in the center of the reactor body; a porous silicon carbide plate is provided on the upper part of the reaction chamber, and a reactant support plate is provided on the bottom; a plurality of exhaust ports are provided on the reactor body, and the exhaust ports are located above the porous silicon carbide plate to discharge the generated gas from the reaction chamber; a solar concentrator is provided above the reactor body for collecting and focusing solar radiation.

[0008] Furthermore, a water cooling device is provided at the upper end of the reactor body, and quartz glass is provided at the upper end of the water cooling device.

[0009] Furthermore, the reactor body further includes a heat insulation layer, which surrounds the reaction chamber at the center.

[0010] Furthermore, the interior of the heat insulation layer is filled with heat insulation cotton.

[0011] Furthermore, a plurality of temperature measuring points are provided on the inner wall of the reaction chamber, and the temperature measuring points are located below the porous silicon carbide plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the reactant supporting plate is provided with a plurality of through holes.

[0013] Furthermore, the reaction chamber is funnel-shaped.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor described in the present invention are:

[0015] (1) The high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor described in the present invention achieves more efficient utilization of solar energy by optimizing the reactor structure and heat transfer path compared to traditional indirect solar gasification reactors. In traditional reactors, solar heat is only indirectly heated by the heat conduction of porous silicon carbide plates. The present invention combines direct solar radiation with porous silicon carbide plates, which not only improves the absorption rate of thermal energy, but also ensures uniform distribution of heat within the reactor, greatly improving the utilization rate of solar energy and the overall thermal efficiency of the system.

[0016] (2) The high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor described in the present invention positions the reactor exhaust port above a porous silicon carbide plate, allowing the synthesis gas to pass through the secondary heating area of the silicon carbide plate before being discharged. This innovative structure achieves high-temperature cracking of the tar during the exhaust process, greatly improving the tar pyrolysis efficiency, reducing tar emissions, and improving gas cleanliness. Compared with traditional structures, the secondary cracking and heat treatment of the tar are more thorough, which can effectively reduce the complexity and cost of subsequent processing and purification.

[0017] (3) The high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor described in the present invention, through optimized design, ensures that only water vapor and synthesis gas are produced during the gasification process, without any other harmful gases or by-products. Conventional gasification devices often produce a large amount of waste gas containing impurities such as tar, ammonia, and sulfide, which requires complex post-processing. However, the present invention can achieve efficient tar cracking and purification within the reactor, thereby significantly reducing the cost of post-gas processing and purification, and improving the economy and sustainability of the entire system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0019] In the attached figure:

[0020] Figure 1 This is an axonometric cross-sectional view of a high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is an exploded isometric view of the high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a porous silicon carbide plate of a high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gas path and radiation of a high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor according to the present invention;

[0024] Among them: 1-quartz glass; 2-water cooling device; 3-exhaust port; 4-porous silicon carbide plate; 5-temperature measurement point; 6-reaction chamber; 7-thermal insulation layer; 8-reactant support plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0028] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0029] Specific implementation method 1: See Figure 1-Figure 4This embodiment is described in detail. The high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor described in this embodiment specifically includes a reactor body, quartz glass 1, a porous silicon carbide plate 4, and a reactant support plate 8. A water cooling device 2 is provided at the upper end of the reactor body, and the quartz glass 1 is disposed at the upper end of the water cooling device 2. The water cooling device 2 is an annular structure and its primary function is to cool the quartz glass 1, preventing overheating of the upper portion of the reactor and ensuring that the reactor temperature remains within an appropriate range. The quartz glass 1 is mainly used to provide heat through solar radiation. Due to its high light transmittance, quartz glass can ensure that solar energy is effectively transmitted to the porous silicon carbide plate 4 below. A reaction chamber 6 is provided in the center of the reactor body. The reaction chamber 6 is funnel-shaped, and the reactants undergo a gasification reaction at its bottom. The inner wall of the reaction chamber 6 is provided with a stepped structure, and a porous silicon carbide plate 4 is provided on the upper part of the reaction chamber 6 through the stepped structure. The porous silicon carbide plate 4 is used to absorb solar radiation. The porous silicon carbide plate 4 is provided with a number of through holes. A reactant support plate 8 is provided at the bottom of the reaction chamber 6. The reactant support plate 8 is used to support the reactants. The reactor body is provided with a number of exhaust ports 3. The exhaust ports 3 are located above the porous silicon carbide plate 4 to discharge the generated synthesis gas from the reaction chamber 6. When discharged, the synthesis gas needs to pass through the through holes on the porous silicon carbide plate 4. This design allows the synthesis gas to be heated again during the discharge process, thereby achieving efficient cracking of the tar; the high-temperature area of the porous silicon carbide plate 4 provides sufficient heat energy for the cracking of the tar, avoiding the tar from being discharged with the gas, reducing the risk of tar pollution, and alleviating the burden of subsequent purification.

[0030] A solar concentrator is provided above the reactor body for collecting and focusing solar radiation. The solar concentrator concentrates the solar radiation through a reflector and transmits it to the porous silicon carbide plate 4. After receiving the solar radiation, the porous silicon carbide plate 4 converts it into thermal energy and conducts the heat to the reaction chamber 6 through the thermal conductivity of the plate. A number of through holes are provided on the porous silicon carbide plate 4. In addition to absorbing and transmitting heat, these through holes also allow part of the solar energy to pass directly through and irradiate the reactants, further heating the reactants.

[0031] The reactor body further comprises a heat-insulating layer 7, which surrounds the reaction chamber 6 in the center, effectively reducing heat loss and improving the thermal efficiency of the reactor. The heat-insulating layer 7 is filled with heat-insulating cotton.

[0032] Several temperature measuring points 5 are provided on opposite sides of the inner wall of the reaction chamber 6, located below the porous silicon carbide plate 4. These points are used to monitor temperature changes within the reaction zone in real time, ensuring that the reactor always operates within the optimal operating temperature range, thereby improving gasification efficiency and ensuring effective tar cracking.

[0033] The reactant support plate 8 is provided with a plurality of through holes, so that the water vapor required for the reaction can enter the reaction chamber 6 through the through holes.

[0034] The specific working principle of the high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor described in the present invention is:

[0035] Biomass, the target reactant in this reactor, is first ground into a powder before entering the reactor and evenly spread onto a reactant tray 8 at the bottom of the reaction chamber. Above the reactor, a solar concentrator collects and focuses solar radiation, transferring it through quartz glass 1 to a porous silicon carbide plate 4 below. After absorbing the solar radiation, the porous silicon carbide plate 4 converts it into thermal radiation, which it then transfers to the reactants below through its excellent thermal conductivity.

[0036] The unique design of the porous silicon carbide plate 4 not only effectively absorbs solar energy and converts it into heat, but also allows some of that energy to pass directly through through its numerous through-holes, providing additional heating for the reactants. In this high-temperature environment, the biomass on the reactant tray 8 undergoes a gasification reaction with water vapor. The resulting syngas contains gaseous components such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and tar.

[0037] During the syngas discharge process, the gas must pass through the high-temperature zone of the porous silicon carbide plate 4. This zone not only maintains a high temperature during the gasification process but also further enables in-situ cracking of tar. The high temperature decomposes the tar into smaller molecules, reducing tar emissions and improving the purity of the syngas. Finally, the syngas generated by the gasification reaction is discharged through the exhaust port 3. After secondary heating by the porous silicon carbide plate 4, the tar is further removed, ensuring the high quality of the gasification product.

[0038] The high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor described in the present invention realizes efficient gasification of biomass by innovatively combining direct solar radiation, porous SiC medium heat transfer and tar in-situ cracking technology. This reactor not only effectively improves the utilization rate of solar energy, but also, through the structural design of the porous SiC plate, enables tar to be efficiently cracked during the gasification process, reducing emissions and improving the quality of the gasification product. In addition, the innovative structural design of the reactor ensures the maximum utilization of the system heat and significantly reduces the cost of subsequent purification and treatment. The implementation of this gasification reactor provides a cleaner, more efficient and economical solution for biomass gasification technology, and has broad application prospects.

[0039] To summarize the above implementation cases, the high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor described in the present invention achieves more efficient utilization of solar energy by optimizing the reactor structure and heat transfer path compared to traditional indirect solar gasification reactors. In traditional reactors, solar heat is only indirectly heated by the thermal conductivity of the porous silicon carbide plate 4. However, the present invention combines direct solar radiation with the porous silicon carbide plate 4, which not only improves the thermal energy absorption rate but also ensures uniform heat distribution within the reactor, significantly improving the utilization rate of solar energy and the overall thermal efficiency of the system.

[0040] The high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor described in this invention positions the reactor's exhaust port above a porous silicon carbide plate, allowing the syngas to pass through the plate's secondary heating zone before exhaust. This innovative structure achieves high-temperature tar cracking during the exhaust process, significantly improving tar pyrolysis efficiency, reducing tar emissions, and enhancing gas purity. Compared to traditional structures, the secondary cracking and thermal treatment of the tar are more thorough, effectively reducing the complexity and cost of subsequent processing and purification.

[0041] The high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor described in this invention utilizes an optimized design to ensure that only water vapor and synthesis gas are produced during the gasification process, without any other harmful gases or byproducts. Conventional gasification units often produce large amounts of waste gas containing impurities such as tar, ammonia, and sulfides, which require complex post-processing. However, the present invention achieves efficient tar cracking and purification within the reactor, significantly reducing the cost of post-processing and purification, and improving the economic efficiency and sustainability of the entire system.

[0042] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Reasonable combinations of the features described in the above embodiments are also possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor, characterized by: The invention comprises a reactor body, quartz glass (1), a porous silicon carbide plate (4) and a reactant support plate (8), wherein the quartz glass (1) is arranged on the top of the reactor body; a reaction chamber (6) is arranged in the center of the reactor body; the porous silicon carbide plate (4) is arranged on the upper part of the reaction chamber (6), and the reactant support plate (8) is arranged on the bottom; a plurality of exhaust ports (3) are arranged on the reactor body, and the exhaust ports (3) are located above the porous silicon carbide plate (4) to discharge the generated gas from the reaction chamber (6); a solar concentrator is arranged above the reactor body for collecting and focusing solar radiation.

2. The high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A water cooling device (2) is provided at the upper end of the reactor body, and the quartz glass (1) is provided at the upper end of the water cooling device (2).

3. The high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactor body further comprises a heat-insulating layer (7), which surrounds the reaction chamber (6) at the center.

4. The high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The interior of the heat insulation layer (7) is filled with heat insulation cotton.

5. The high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of temperature measuring points (5) are provided on the inner wall of the reaction chamber (6), and the temperature measuring points (5) are located below the porous silicon carbide plate (4).

6. The high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactant support plate (8) is provided with a plurality of through holes.

7. The high-efficiency solar radiation heating and tar cracking biomass gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction chamber (6) is funnel-shaped.

Images