Cantilever hanging scaffold for reconstruction construction of special-shaped external facade and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an overhanging hanging scaffold for special-shaped facade transformation construction and a construction method.The overhanging hanging scaffold comprises an overhanging steel beam frame, a hanging steel frame and a scaffold structure, the outer portion of the overhanging steel beam frame extends out of a building in an overhanging mode, and the hanging steel frame is arranged outside the building facade in a shape follow-up mode; a construction space is reserved between the scaffold structure and the building facade, the scaffold structure is erected in the construction space, the inner side of the scaffold structure is erected between building structure layers, and the outer side of the scaffold structure is connected to the hanging steel frame. The overhanging steel beam frame is used as a mounting foundation of the hanging steel frame to achieve overhanging hanging of the hanging steel frame, then the hanging steel frame is used as a building foundation of the scaffold, building of the scaffold at any height of a building is achieved, the defect that an all-round scaffold is built from the ground is overcome, and the construction efficiency is improved. And meanwhile, the damage of the wall connecting piece to the external facade of the building during the erection of the external scaffold is also avoided, so that the erection of the construction platform is realized, and the protection on the external facade of the building is also met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building renovation construction, and in particular to a cantilever hanging scaffold for special-shaped facade renovation construction and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Nowadays, there are many old buildings that need to be renovated to make them more adaptable to the existing business model. When renovating old buildings, the main structure of the building is generally retained, and the interior decoration and facade are renovated. For interior decoration, the construction can generally be achieved by using the building structure layer, while the renovation of the facade requires the erection of scaffolding to form a construction platform. The conventional scaffolding used in the facade renovation construction is a full-floor scaffolding. Regardless of whether the entire facade is being renovated or only the middle and high floors are being renovated, the scaffolding needs to be erected from the ground upwards. However, the above construction method has the defects of a long construction period and a large space occupation, and the scaffolding erected from the bottom has a greater impact on the environment around the building and interferes with the transportation and transfer of materials. The present invention provides a cantilever hanging scaffolding and a construction method for special-shaped facade renovation construction to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a cantilever hanging scaffold for special-shaped facade reconstruction construction and a construction method, wherein a hanging steel frame is used as a scaffold erection basis for scaffold erection, thereby realizing the erection of a scaffold as a construction platform above the middle floor of a building.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: A cantilever hanging scaffolding for reconstruction and construction of special-shaped facades comprises a cantilever steel beam frame, a hanging steel frame and a scaffolding structure, wherein the cantilever steel beam frame is arranged at the top of a building, and its outer portion cantilevers out from the outside of the building, the hanging steel frame is arranged on the outside of the building facade, and a construction space is reserved between the building facade and the hanging steel frame, the hanging steel frame is hung on the cantilever steel beam frame, and the scaffolding structure is erected in the construction space, with the inner side erected between the building structure layers and the outer side connected to the hanging steel frame.

[0005] Furthermore, the hanging steel frame includes a hanging frame, the top end of which is connected to the cantilevered steel beam frame, and the hanging frame includes a hanging frame unit, which corresponds to each other up and down and is continuously arranged to form a hanging frame, and the hanging frame unit is arranged corresponding to the building structure layer.

[0006] Furthermore, the hanging frame unit includes a conformable keel and a connecting hanger. The conformable keel is horizontally arranged and located outside the building structure layer. The connecting hanger is vertically spaced on the conformable keel and connects the conformable keel with the cantilever steel beam frame and connects adjacent conformable keels.

[0007] Furthermore, the hanging steel frame also includes a tie frame, the bottom end of the tie frame is connected to the base surface, and the top end is connected to the bottom end of the hanging frame. The tie frame includes a tie rod and a connecting rod. The tie rod includes a lower tie rod, and the lower tie rod is set on the ground and connected to the hanging frame through the connecting rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the tie rod also includes an upper tie rod, the upper tie rod is connected to the bottom end of the hanging frame through a connecting suspension rod, and the lower tie rod is connected to the upper tie rod through a connecting suspension rod.

[0009] Furthermore, stabilizing rods are provided at both ends of the conformal keel, and the stabilizing rods are connected to the building structure layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the scaffolding structure includes a bottom frame and a protective frame. The outer side of the bottom frame is arranged on the hanging frame, and the inner side thereof is arranged on the building structure layer. The protective frame is arranged in the hanging frame.

[0011] Furthermore, the cantilevered steel beam frame includes a steel frame and a ring beam, the steel frame includes a cross beam and a longitudinal beam, the cross beam and the longitudinal beam are staggered, the outer portion of the cross beam extends out of the building, and the ring beam is arranged at the outer end of the cross beam to connect the outer end of the cross beam into one.

[0012] Furthermore, the conformable keel and the connecting boom are connected by bolts.

[0013] A construction method for a cantilevered hanging scaffold for special-shaped facade renovation construction comprises the following steps: S1, installation and construction of cantilevered steel beam frame at the top of the building; S2, prefabricate the components of the hanging steel frame, and after prefabrication, transfer them to the construction site together with the components of the scaffolding structure; S3, install the hanging steel frame, and carry out the construction in the order of installation from top to bottom layer by layer. When installing the hanging frame unit of each layer, first install the connecting boom, then lift the connected free-standing keel as a whole and connect it with the connecting boom, and connect the end of the free-standing keel to the main building through the stabilizer bar, and then install the hanging frame unit of the next layer; S4, after the hanging frame is installed, first fix the lower tie rod of the tie frame to the foundation surface, then use the connecting rod to connect the tie frame to the hanging frame, tie the hanging frame to ensure the stability of the hanging frame; S5, erect the scaffolding structure in the construction space between the hanging steel frame and the building facade, erecting it layer by layer from bottom to top. During the erection, materials are transferred and construction is carried out from inside the building;

[0014] S6: After the scaffolding structure is erected, the building facade renovation work will be carried out; S7, after the construction is completed, the scaffolding structure is dismantled layer by layer from top to bottom; S8, after the scaffolding structure is dismantled, the hanging steel frame is dismantled. First, the connection between the lower tie rod and the hanging frame is removed, and then the hanging frame units are removed layer by layer from bottom to top until the hanging steel frame is completely dismantled.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The cantilevered hanging of the hanging steel frame is realized by using the cantilevered steel beam frame as the installation basis of the hanging steel frame, and then the scaffolding is erected based on the hanging steel frame, so that the scaffolding can be erected at any height of the building, avoiding the defects of erecting a full-floor scaffolding from the ground, and also avoiding the damage to the building facade caused by the wall connection parts when the external scaffolding is erected. It not only realizes the erection of the construction platform, but also meets the protection of the building facade. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hanging state of the hanging steel bar of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the hanging steel frame and the cantilever steel beam frame of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the hanging bracket and the cantilever steel beam frame of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the hanging bracket and the tie bracket of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hanging rack of the present invention.

[0017] Figure numerals: 1. cantilever steel beam frame; 11. steel frame; 12. ring beam; 2. hanging steel frame; 21. hanging frame; 211. free-standing keel; 212. connecting suspension rod; 213. stabilizing rod; 22. tie frame; 221. tie rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, when constructing the facade of a building, there are two conventional scaffoldings. One is a full-floor scaffolding, which is erected directly from the bottom upwards to cover the entire facade of the building. The other is an external scaffolding, which is erected on the facade of the building through wall ties. The scaffolding can be erected from the middle of the building upwards. However, both scaffoldings require wall ties to maintain structural stability. Wall ties will damage the facade of the building. During the renovation and construction of the facade of the building, the decoration of the facade cannot be damaged by the wall ties. Therefore, a scaffolding that does not rely on wall ties and does not affect the ground is needed as a construction platform. The present invention provides a cantilever hanging scaffolding for the renovation and construction of a special-shaped facade. It uses a cantilever steel beam frame 1 as an installation base to achieve cantilever hanging of the hanging steel frame 2. The hanging steel frame 2 is hung on the outside of the building. The scaffolding is erected based on the hanging steel frame 2, which enables the scaffolding to be erected from any floor of the building, thereby solving the renovation and construction of the top of high-rise buildings and middle and upper-level buildings. The cantilever hanging scaffolding used in the present invention is easy and flexible to use compared with the ground-based scaffolding. It can be erected from top to bottom to any floor and avoids affecting the ground. Compared with the traditional cantilever scaffolding, it will not cause damage to the facade of the building and has the characteristics of good overall structural stability and high safety. In addition, it is also suitable for building types with inconsistent upper and lower sizes, and can also be applied to building structures with special-shaped facades. It has the advantages of wide application and good applicability.

[0021] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown, a cantilever hanging scaffolding for renovation and construction of special-shaped facades includes a cantilever steel beam frame 1, a hanging steel frame 2 and a scaffolding structure 3. The cantilever steel beam frame 1 is arranged at the top of the building, and its outer portion cantilevers out from the outside of the building to serve as a hanging basis for the hanging steel frame 2 below it. The hanging steel frame 2 is vertically hung on the outside of the building facade. The shape of the hanging steel frame 2 is similar to the shape of the building facade, thereby forming a construction space of uniform width with the building facade as a space for erecting the scaffolding structure 3. The top of the hanging steel frame 2 is connected to the cantilever structure of the cantilever steel beam frame 1, and the scaffolding structure 3 is erected in the construction space. The inner side of the scaffolding structure 3 is erected between the building structure layers, and the outer side is connected to the hanging steel frame 2.

[0022] like Figure 4 As shown, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the hanging steel frame 2 is only provided with a hanging frame 21, the top end of the hanging frame 21 is connected to the cantilever steel beam frame 1, and is located below the cantilever steel beam frame 1. The hanging frame 21 is formed by upper and lower corresponding and continuously arranged hanging frame units connected to form a hanging frame 21. The hanging frame units are arranged corresponding to the building structure layers, and a group of hanging frame units are arranged on each layer, which are arranged from top to bottom to the bottom layer of the floor that needs construction. Since the hanging steel frame 2 is only provided with a hanging frame 21, and the hanging frame 21 is hung in a manner, its structure is unstable and prone to shaking, and the load carried by the operation during the construction process will also cause structural instability. Therefore, in order to ensure the structural stability of the hanging frame 21, stabilizing rods 213 are provided on both sides of the hanging frame unit. The stabilizing rods 213 are fixedly provided at both ends of the free-standing keel 211. The stabilizing rods 213 are connected to the building structure, and then the hanging frame unit is firmly tied and fixed to the building structure, so that the hanging frame unit remains stable and avoids shaking of the hanging frame unit during construction, thereby keeping the hanging frame 21 stable and structurally safe.

[0023] like Figure 6 As shown, further, the hanging frame unit includes a flexible keel 211 and a connecting hanger 212, the flexible keel 211 is horizontally arranged and correspondingly arranged on the outside of the building structure layer, the inner side of the scaffolding structure 3 is erected on the floor slab between the building structure layers, and the outer side is erected on the flexible keel 211, so that the scaffolding structure 3 is horizontally erected, and the connecting hanger 212 is vertically spaced on the flexible keel 211 to realize the hanging of the flexible keel 211, and the connecting hanger 212 is used to connect the flexible keel 211 to the cantilever steel beam frame 1 and to connect the flexible keels 211 of adjacent hanging frame units.

[0024] like Figure 3 、 4As shown in Figures 5 and 6, in the second embodiment of the present invention, in order to further increase the stability of the hanging steel frame 2 and prevent the middle portion of the hanging steel frame 2 from deflecting outward due to load or external load during construction, thereby avoiding safety hazards during construction, a tie frame 22 is provided at the bottom of the hanging frame 21. The tie frame 22 is used to tie the hanging steel frame 2, so that the hanging steel frame 2 is in a state of vertical tension, thereby preventing the middle portion of the hanging steel frame 2 from deflecting outward or deforming, thereby ensuring construction safety. The bottom end of the tie frame 22 is connected to the foundation surface, and the top end thereof is connected to the bottom end of the hanging frame 21. The tie frame 22 includes a tie rod 221 and a connecting hanger 212. The tie rod 221 includes a lower tie rod. The lower tie rod is set on the ground and is connected to the hanging frame 21 through the connecting hanger 212. After the lower tie rod is connected to the hanging frame 21 through the connecting hanger 212, the hanging frame 21 is tightened to prevent its middle part from being deformed or deflected outward, so that the distance between the hanging frame 21 and the facade of the building is constant and always in a stable state, thereby ensuring the stability of the scaffolding structure 3 erected on the hanging frame 21.

[0025] like Figure 5 As shown, further, the tie rod 221 also includes an upper tie rod, the upper tie rod is connected to the bottom end of the hanger 21 through the connecting rod 212, and the lower tie rod is connected to the upper tie rod through the connecting rod 212.

[0026] The specific structure of the tie frame 22 is set according to the building floor height or building structure. When the floor height of the ground floor is high, two tie rods, an upper tie rod and a lower tie rod, are set to enhance the structural stability. The upper tie rod shortens the length of the connecting hanger 212 in the tie frame 22, thereby enhancing the stability of the tie. When the floor height of the ground floor is low, the length of the connecting hanger 212 in the tie frame 22 is also short. Only the lower tie rod needs to be set to meet the tie requirements. It can be connected to the lowest hanging frame unit through the connecting hanger 212. At this time, the overall structure has sufficient stability.

[0027] The installation of the tie-down frame 22 not only enhances the stability of the hanging frame 21 but also ensures that the movement of personnel and materials below is not affected. Compared to traditional full-height scaffolding, the tie-down frame 22 only serves a tying function, not a supporting function. Therefore, the use of a frame structure with wide spacing between them achieves the tying function without affecting the movement of personnel and materials below. Furthermore, since the tie-down frame 22 only needs to provide tension, it can be installed not only on the ground but also on the roof, terrace, or foyer of the ground floor building to meet the tying needs.

[0028] like Figure 6As shown, further, stabilizing rods 213 are provided at both ends of the flexible keel 211, and the stabilizing rods 213 are connected to the building structure layer. The stabilizing rods 213 are detachably connected to the building structure layer, and are conveniently disassembled after construction is completed. Depending on the specific situation, they are connected to the building structure using wall ties or wall bolts.

[0029] Furthermore, the scaffolding structure 3 includes a base frame and a protective frame. The base frame is horizontally arranged, with its outer side erected on the hanging frame 21 and its inner side erected on the building structure layer as the foundation for erecting the construction platform. The protective frame is arranged in the hanging frame 21 to play a protective role.

[0030] Furthermore, the cantilever steel beam frame 1 includes a steel frame 11 and a ring beam 12. The steel frame 11 includes transverse beams and longitudinal beams, which are staggered to form the steel frame 11 located at the top of the building. The outer ends of the transverse beams extend outside the building. The ring beam 12 is located at the outer ends of the transverse beams, connecting all the transverse beams and integrating the outer ends of the transverse beams. The hanging steel frame 2 is connected to the outer ends of the transverse beams and is connected to the ring beam 12 at the curved surface. Because the hanging steel frame 2 is directly connected to the outer ends of the transverse beams via connecting hangers 212, uneven load distribution may occur during construction. When the load is transferred to the transverse beams via the connecting hangers 212, different loads will cause certain height differences between the outer ends of different transverse beams. Since the connecting hangers 212 are of the same length, if the height differences of the transverse beams are different, stress concentration will occur in the hanging steel frame 2, and even deformation of the entire structure will occur, thereby resulting in insufficient overall stability of the hanging steel frame 2, posing certain safety risks. In order to ensure that the structure of the hanging steel frame 2 will not be deformed due to the height difference of the beams above it, a ring beam 12 is set at the outer end of the beam to connect all the beams into one, thereby ensuring that there is no height difference between the beams and will not affect the overall structure of the hanging steel frame 2, thereby improving structural safety; at the same time, due to the special-shaped structure of the building facade, the beam cannot be extended at the curved surface, and the ring beam 12 is also used as a hanging point to realize the hanging connection at a special point.

[0031] Furthermore, the flexible keel 211 and the connecting suspension rod 212 are connected by bolts, which facilitates assembly and disassembly and can be reused, thereby reducing costs.

[0032] Preferably, a mounting seat is provided on the conformal keel 211, and the connecting suspension rod 212 is connected to the mounting seat by bolts to achieve a detachable connection.

[0033] A construction method for a cantilevered hanging scaffold for special-shaped facade renovation construction comprises the following steps: S1, installation and construction of cantilever steel beam frame 1 at the top of the building; S2, prefabricate the components of the hanging steel frame 2, and after prefabrication is completed, transfer them to the construction site together with the components of the scaffolding structure 3; S3, install the hanging steel frame 2, and carry out the construction in the order of installation from top to bottom layer by layer. When installing the hanging frame units of each layer, first install the connecting suspension rod 212, then lift the connected flexible keel 211 as a whole and connect it to the connecting suspension rod 212, and connect the end of the flexible keel 211 to the building body through the stabilizing rod 213, and then install the hanging frame units of the next layer; S4, after the installation of the hanging frame 21 is completed, first fix the lower tie rod of the tie frame 22 on the foundation surface, then use the connecting rod 212 to connect the tie frame 22 to the hanging frame 21, and tie the hanging frame 21 to ensure the stability of the hanging frame 21; S5, erecting the scaffolding structure 3 in the construction space between the hanging steel frame 2 and the building facade, erecting it layer by layer from bottom to top, and during the erection, carrying out material transfer and construction from inside the building;

[0034] S6, after the scaffolding structure 3 is erected, the building facade renovation construction is carried out; S7, after the construction is completed, the scaffolding structure 3 is dismantled layer by layer from top to bottom; S8, after the scaffolding structure 3 is dismantled, the hanging steel frame 2 is dismantled. First, the connection between the lower tie rod and the hanging frame 21 is removed, and then the hanging frame units are removed layer by layer from bottom to top until the hanging steel frame 2 is completely dismantled.

[0035] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. It is intended that all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced herein, and any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims to which they relate.

Claims

1. A cantilever hanging scaffold for special-shaped facade renovation construction, characterized by: The invention comprises a cantilever steel beam frame (1), a hanging steel frame (2) and a scaffolding structure (3), wherein the cantilever steel beam frame (1) is arranged on the top of a building, and its outer portion cantilevers out from the outside of the building, the hanging steel frame (2) is arranged outside the building facade, and a construction space is reserved between the building facade, the hanging steel frame (2) is hung on the cantilever steel beam frame (1), and the scaffolding structure (3) is erected in the construction space, with the inner side erected between the building structure layers and the outer side connected to the hanging steel frame (2).

2. The cantilever hanging scaffolding for special-shaped facade renovation construction according to claim 1 is characterized by: The hanging steel frame (2) includes a hanging frame (21), the top end of which is connected to the cantilevered steel beam frame (1), and the hanging frame (21) includes hanging frame units, which correspond to each other and are continuously arranged up and down to form the hanging frame (21), and the hanging frame units are arranged corresponding to the building structure layers.

3. The cantilever hanging scaffolding for special-shaped facade renovation construction according to claim 2 is characterized by: The hanging frame unit comprises a conformable keel (211) and a connecting suspender (212), wherein the conformable keel (211) is horizontally arranged and located outside the building structure layer, and the connecting suspender (212) is vertically spaced apart on the conformable keel (211) and connects the conformable keel (211) with the cantilever steel beam frame (1) and connects adjacent conformable keels (211).

4. The cantilever hanging scaffolding for special-shaped facade renovation construction according to claim 2 is characterized by: The hanging steel frame (2) further includes a tie frame (22), the bottom end of the tie frame (22) is connected to the foundation surface, and the top end thereof is connected to the bottom end of the hanging frame (21), the tie frame (22) includes a tie rod (221) and a connecting suspension rod (212), the tie rod (221) includes a lower tie rod, and the lower tie rod is set on the ground and connected to the hanging frame (21) via the connecting suspension rod (212).

5. The cantilever hanging scaffolding for special-shaped facade renovation construction according to claim 4 is characterized by: The tie rod (221) further comprises an upper tie rod, the upper tie rod being connected to the bottom end of the hanging frame (21) via a connecting suspender rod (212), and the lower tie rod being connected to the upper tie rod via a connecting suspender rod (212).

6. The cantilever hanging scaffolding for special-shaped facade renovation construction according to claim 3 is characterized by: Stabilizing rods (213) are provided at both ends of the conformable keel (211), and the stabilizing rods (213) are connected to the building structure layer.

7. The cantilever hanging scaffold for special-shaped facade renovation construction according to claim 1 is characterized by: The scaffolding structure (3) comprises a bottom frame and a protective frame. The outer side of the bottom frame is arranged on the hanging frame (21), and the inner side thereof is arranged on the building structure layer. The protective frame is arranged in the hanging frame (21).

8. The cantilever hanging scaffolding for special-shaped facade renovation construction according to claim 1 is characterized by: The cantilever steel beam frame (1) comprises a steel frame (11) and a ring beam (12), wherein the steel frame (11) comprises a transverse beam and a longitudinal beam, wherein the transverse beam and the longitudinal beam are arranged in a staggered manner, wherein the outer portion of the transverse beam extends outside the building, and the ring beam (12) is arranged at the outer end of the transverse beam to connect the outer end of the transverse beam into one piece.

9. The cantilever hanging scaffolding for reconstruction of special-shaped facades according to claim 3 is characterized by: The conformable keel (211) and the connecting suspension rod (212) are connected via bolts.

10. A construction method for cantilevered hanging scaffolding for special-shaped facade renovation, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1, installation and construction of cantilevered steel beam frame (1) at the top of the building; S2, prefabricate the components of the hanging steel frame (2), and after prefabrication is completed, transfer them to the construction site together with the components of the scaffolding structure (3); S3, installing the hanging steel frame (2), and carrying out the construction in the order of installation from top to bottom layer by layer. When installing the hanging frame unit of each layer, first install the connecting suspension rod (212), then hoist the connected free-standing keel (211) as a whole and connect it with the connecting suspension rod (212), and connect the end of the free-standing keel (211) to the main building through the stabilizing rod (213), and then install the hanging frame unit of the next layer; S4, after the installation of the hanging frame (21) is completed, the lower tie rod of the tie frame (22) is first fixed on the foundation surface, and then the tie frame (22) is connected to the hanging frame (21) by using the connecting rod (212), and the hanging frame (21) is tied to ensure that the state of the hanging frame (21) is stable; S5, erecting the scaffolding structure (3) in the construction space between the hanging steel frame (2) and the building facade, erecting it layer by layer from bottom to top, and during the erection, carrying out material transfer and construction from inside the building; S6, after the scaffolding structure (3) is erected, the building facade renovation construction is carried out; S7, after the construction is completed, the scaffolding structure is dismantled layer by layer from top to bottom (3); S8, after the scaffolding structure (3) is dismantled, the hanging steel frame (2) is dismantled. First, the connection between the lower tie rod and the hanging frame (21) is dismantled, and then the hanging frame units are dismantled layer by layer from bottom to top until the hanging steel frame (2) is completely dismantled.

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