Efficient slag collecting device and method for chambering type vertical shaft heading machine

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient slag collecting device and method for a chambering type vertical shaft heading machine, and belongs to the technical field of excavation construction. Wherein the slag collecting device comprises a slag collecting barrel arranged at the bottom of the vertical shaft; the telescopic oil cylinders are arranged on the outer ring of the opening in the upper end of the slag collecting barrel, and the telescopic ends of the telescopic oil cylinders are provided with supporting bases abutting against the top of the vertical shaft; a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the top platform in the circumferential direction at equal intervals, and openings of the nozzles are vertically upward; the slag collecting inner sleeve is arranged at the port of the slag collecting barrel in a sliding mode, and the upper end of the slag collecting inner sleeve is open and fixedly connected with the supporting base. By means of the device, dust generated in the reaming process can be reduced, the air quality in an underground cavern is guaranteed, and the working environment is improved. The opening in the upper end of the residue collecting barrel is aligned with the directional guide well, so that residue soil can be directly collected by the residue collecting barrel after being discharged out of the directional guide well, the residue soil cannot splash everywhere, and the diffusion area of generated dust is smaller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a high-efficiency slag collecting device and method for a hole-enlarging vertical shaft boring machine, belonging to the technical field of excavation construction. Background Art

[0002] Before the shaft is officially excavated, it is usually necessary to drill a directional guide shaft with a smaller aperture at the excavation point to facilitate the subsequent cleaning of the debris generated during the excavation process. The debris falls into the underground cavern through the directional guide shaft for centralized treatment.

[0003] At present, the collection of slag is usually carried out by conveyor belts or transport vehicles. However, since the slag falls directly into the underground cavern through the directional guide shaft, a large amount of dust will be generated when it enters the underground cavern from the directional guide shaft, causing dust to spread in the tunnel and affecting normal construction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency slag collecting device and method for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine, which solves the problem of generating a large amount of dust during the slag collection process in the prior art.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: an efficient slag collecting device for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine, comprising a slag collecting bucket arranged at the bottom of the shaft, wherein the upper end opening of the slag collecting bucket is aligned with the directional guide shaft; A plurality of telescopic oil cylinders are equidistantly arranged on the outer ring of the upper opening of the slag collecting bucket, and the telescopic ends of the telescopic oil cylinders are provided with support seats that abut against the top of the shaft; A top platform is provided at the opening of the fixed end of the telescopic oil cylinder, and a plurality of nozzles are provided on the top platform at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, with the nozzle openings facing vertically upward; The slag collecting inner sleeve is slidably arranged at the port of the slag collecting barrel, has an upper end which is opened and is fixedly connected to the support seat.

[0006] By adopting this technical solution, dust generated during hole expansion can be reduced, air quality in underground caverns can be maintained, and the working environment can be improved. By aligning the upper opening of the slag collecting bucket with the directional guide shaft, the slag can be directly collected by the slag collecting bucket after it is discharged from the directional guide shaft, thus preventing the slag from scattering everywhere and reducing the area over which the generated dust can spread.

[0007] The present invention is further configured as follows: a dustproof curtain is provided on the support seat, the dustproof curtain is made of a flexible material, and the dustproof curtain is retracted and extended as the support seat rises and falls.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, after the oil cylinder is extended, a dust-proof curtain can be formed, thereby preventing the spread of dust and reducing environmental pollution.

[0009] The present invention is further configured as follows: an annular airflow disk is provided on the upper end of the nozzle, dense small holes are provided on the upper end of the annular airflow disk, the inner cavity of the annular airflow disk is connected to the nozzle, and an aerosol tube is externally connected to the nozzle.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the material sprayed from the nozzle is dispersed into particles through the annular airflow disk, thereby forming an air curtain or aerosol curtain with a larger area, increasing its contact rate with dust, and being able to form a separate barrier area, further reducing the dust generated during the discharge of slag and improving the air quality.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that the substance introduced into the aerosol tube is any one of gas, liquid or a mixture of gas and liquid.

[0012] By adopting this technical solution, different spray materials can be selected according to different working conditions, thereby reducing dust dispersion while preventing dust from adhering to large amounts of liquid to form mud. When the discharged soil is high in humidity, air is supplied to the mist pipe; when the humidity is low, liquid water is supplied to the mist pipe; when the humidity is moderate, a mixed gas and liquid mist is supplied to the mist pipe.

[0013] The present invention is further configured as follows: a guide plate is provided on the vertical shaft rock layer above the annular airflow disk, and the guide plate is generally U-shaped with an opening facing the annular airflow disk.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the movement direction of the mist sprayed from the nozzle can be changed, so that it can move in opposite directions after being sprayed onto the guide plate, thereby increasing the thickness of the entire mist and improving the dust blocking effect.

[0015] The present invention is further configured such that: an outwardly protruding arched base is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the slag collecting bucket.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, a certain buffering effect can be achieved on the slag falling into the slag collecting bucket, thereby reducing the impact of the slag on the device.

[0017] The present invention is further configured as follows: a buffer spring is provided between the outer arch base and the bottom of the slag collecting bucket, a slag chute is further provided on the slag collecting bucket, and an open channel is provided between the slag chute and the slag collecting bucket.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the buffering effect is further improved and the impact force of the slag is reduced. When the slag is discharged into the slag collection bucket, the impact kinetic energy of the downward sliding is offset by the buffer spring, which is compressed. When the slag is discharged, the buffer spring rebounds.

[0019] The present invention is further configured such that: a baffle is provided on the outer ring of the outer arched base, and the baffle blocks the opening between the slag chute and the slag collecting bucket when the outer arched base is at its highest point.

[0020] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solution, the slag in the slag collecting bucket can be gradually and quickly discharged, preventing the slag from blocking the opening between the slag chute and the slag collecting bucket, and improving the slag discharge efficiency. During slag discharge, the slag is discharged into the slag collecting bucket. When the slag accumulation height is greater than the baffle height, the entire baffle is pressed down to the lowest point, and the opening between the slag collecting bucket and the slag chute is fully opened, and the slag continuously flows into the slag chute. Since the slag has falling kinetic energy after falling, it will continuously impact the entire baffle, causing the baffle to continuously rise and fall, thereby driving the slag in the entire slag collecting bucket to rise and fall, which can improve the fluidity of the slag, speed up the slag discharge speed, and prevent slag accumulation from causing blockage.

[0021] The present invention is further configured such that an abutting plate is provided at the end of the support seat abutting against the rock face at the bottom of the shaft.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, anti-slip grooves, anchor holes or shear keys can be added to the surface of the abutment plate to resist horizontal sliding or rock displacement, thereby improving the anti-disturbance ability of the support seat.

[0023] The present application also relates to an efficient slag collection method for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine, which specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1: Use a directional drill to construct a directional hole with a diameter greater than 200mm; Step 2: Enlarge the directional hole in step 1 from bottom to top to form a directional guide hole with a diameter greater than 300 mm; Step 3: Use a raise boring machine to expand the directional guide hole in step 2 from bottom to top to form a directional guide hole with a diameter greater than 2000 mm; Step 4: Arrange a slag collection device below the directional guide shaft, control the telescopic cylinder to extend outward, push the support seat to abut the rock layer below the shaft, and spray gas mist outward through the nozzle.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, a directional guide shaft is formed for the discharge of debris. The debris is discharged into the collection bucket through the directional guide shaft, which can prevent the debris from accumulating at the bottom of the vertical shaft during the drilling and expansion process, thereby improving the drilling speed. The directional guide shaft can also guide the roadheader during the drilling process, improving the drilling accuracy.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The slag collection bucket can quickly collect and transport the excavation debris to a designated location, preventing accumulation, reducing dust generated during drilling, and improving the air quality in underground caverns. The nozzles and dust curtains keep the dust generated by the falling debris inside the slag collection bucket, preventing it from spreading outward.

[0026] Through the setting of the outer arch base, in conjunction with the buffer spring and the baffle, a buffering effect can be played on the falling debris, reducing the impact force on the entire collection device. The buffer spring can rebound upward in the gap when impacted, pushing the debris in the baffle to rise, and then being compressed after the impact, thereby achieving repeated rise and fall, so that the debris can quickly enter the opening between the slag collecting bucket and the slag chute, thereby improving the discharge efficiency of the debris. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 A top view of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the use process of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure in the middle.

[0028] In the figure: 1. Slag collecting bucket; 2. Vertical shaft; 3. Directional guide shaft; 4. Telescopic cylinder; 5. Support seat; 6. Top platform; 7. Nozzle; 8. Slag collecting inner sleeve; 9. Dust-proof curtain; 10. Annular airflow disk; 11. Guide plate; 12. Outer arch base; 13. Buffer spring; 14. Slag chute; 15. Baffle; 16. Dust bag; 17. Abutment plate; 18. Conveyor belt; 19. Collection vehicle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further explained below with reference to specific illustrations.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a high-efficiency slag collecting device for a hole-reaming shaft boring machine includes a slag collecting bucket 1, which is arranged at the bottom of the shaft 2, and the upper end opening of the slag collecting bucket 1 is aligned with the directional guide shaft 3; a plurality of telescopic cylinders 4 are equidistantly arranged on the outer ring of the upper end opening of the slag collecting bucket 1, and the telescopic end of the telescopic cylinder 4 is provided with a support seat 5 abutting against the top of the shaft 2; a top platform 6 is provided at the fixed end opening of the telescopic cylinder 4, and a plurality of nozzles 7 are equidistantly provided on the top platform 6 along the circumferential direction, and the openings of the nozzles 7 are vertically facing upward; a slag collecting inner sleeve 8 is slidably arranged at the port of the slag collecting bucket 1, and the upper end is opened and fixedly connected to the support seat 5.

[0031] Specifically, the outer ring of the bottom of the slag collecting bucket 1 is provided with four support feet, and a support platform is provided in the middle of the bottom. An extension with a smaller outer diameter extends upward from the upper opening of the slag collecting bucket 1. The slag collecting inner sleeve 8 slides and engages with this extension, rising and falling synchronously with the support base 5 at the end of the telescopic cylinder 4. The bottom of the fixed end of the telescopic cylinder 4 is fixedly mounted to the end of the slag collecting bucket 1 with larger outer diameters via bolts. The top platform 6 is provided with mounting holes equidistantly spaced around the circumference, the same number as the number of telescopic cylinders 4. The upper end of the fixed end of the telescopic cylinder 4 extends through the mounting holes, and the telescopic end of the telescopic cylinder 4 extends through the opening at the upper end of the fixed end.

[0032] In this embodiment, the entire device is positioned directly below the directional guide shaft 3. By controlling the upward extension of the telescopic cylinder 4, the support base 5 abuts the rock formation below the shaft 2, providing support for the rock formation and increasing the strength of the remaining rock formation, thereby increasing the maximum depth that the subsequent roadheader can excavate. The slag collection inner sleeve 8 slides up and down with the support base 5, adapting to shafts of varying heights.

[0033] Furthermore, an abutment plate 17 is provided at the upper end of the support seat 5 , and the surface of the abutment plate 17 is additionally provided with anti-slip grooves, anchor holes or shear keys to resist horizontal sliding or rock displacement, thereby improving the anti-disturbance capability of the support seat 5 .

[0034] Furthermore, a dust curtain 9 is provided on the support base 5. The dust curtain 9 is made of a flexible material and is retracted and extended as the support base 5 is raised and lowered. The dust curtain 9 is hung on the outside of the support base 5 by multiple hooks, enclosing the entire opening of the slag collecting inner sleeve 8 in the inner circle.

[0035] By providing the dustproof curtain 9, the dustproof effect can be improved and the diffusion of dust can be prevented.

[0036] Further, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, an annular airflow disk 10 is provided at the upper end of the nozzle 7, and dense small holes are provided at the upper end of the annular airflow disk 10. The inner cavity of the annular airflow disk 10 is connected to the nozzle 7, and the nozzle 7 is externally connected to an aerosol pipe. The substance passed into the aerosol pipe is any one of gas, liquid or gas-liquid mixed aerosol. A guide plate 11 is provided on the rock layer of the vertical shaft 2 above the annular airflow disk 10. The guide plate 11 is U-shaped as a whole, and the opening faces the annular airflow disk 10. The guide plate 11 can change the movement direction of the aerosol sprayed from the nozzle 7, so that it can move in opposite directions after being sprayed to the guide plate 11, thereby increasing the thickness of the entire aerosol formed and improving the dust blocking effect.

[0037] In this embodiment, the interior of the annular airflow disk 10 is hollow, and at least twenty small holes are provided at the top. The small holes are equidistantly arranged around the circumference, and each hole has the same aperture. A guide plate 11 is fixed to the rock layer above it by bolts. Multiple small holes can improve the uniformity of the mist spray, thereby increasing the contact rate between the mist and the dust. The entire guide plate 11 is fixed to the rock layer in an annular shape and is concentric with the dust ring formed by the dust curtain 9. When the mist is sprayed out from the nozzle 7, the mist first fills the interior of the annular airflow disk 10, and then sprays upward through the small holes opened at the top. After moving to the top of the guide plate 11, it moves downward along both sides of the guide plate 11, forming an annular mist isolation area. When the dust escapes from the dust curtain 9, it can adhere to the water vapor in the formed mist isolation area, forming larger particles of debris that fall again.

[0038] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the annular airflow disk 10 is equal to the diameter of the circle enclosed by the dust curtain 9, and its upper end surface is provided with an inclined surface. The small holes for spraying mist are located at the outermost circle of the annular airflow disk 10. This arrangement allows the dust curtain 9 to fit closely with the inner circle of the annular airflow disk 10. When dust and mist adhere to form larger particles that fall back down, they can flow outward along the inclined surface of the annular airflow disk 10, preventing them from accumulating on the top platform 6.

[0039] In other embodiments, different materials can be sprayed depending on the working conditions, thereby reducing dust dispersion while preventing dust from adhering to large amounts of liquid to form mud. When the discharged soil is highly humid, air is supplied to the mist pipe; when the humidity is low, liquid water is supplied to the mist pipe; when the humidity is moderate, a mixed gas-liquid mist is supplied to the mist pipe.

[0040] Further, such as Figure 1 As shown, the bottom of the inner cavity of the slag collecting bucket 1 is provided with an outwardly protruding outer arched base 12. A buffer spring 13 is provided between the outer arched base 12 and the bottom of the slag collecting bucket 1. The slag collecting bucket 1 is also provided with a slag chute 14, with an open passage provided between the slag chute 14 and the slag collecting bucket 1. A baffle 15 is provided on the outer ring of the outer arched base 12. When the outer arched base 12 is at its highest point, the baffle 15 blocks the opening between the slag chute 14 and the slag collecting bucket 1.

[0041] In this embodiment, the baffle 15 is cylindrical and positioned around the outer arched base 12, fitting against the inner wall of the slag collecting bucket 1. It has openings at both ends, with the lower end fixed to the outer arched base 12. The height of the baffle 15 is equal to the height of the opening between the slag collecting bucket 1 and the slag chute 14. During drilling, a certain amount of soil must be placed in the slag collecting bucket 1 to reduce the impact of the soil falling from the directional guide shaft 3 on the outer arched base 12. The spring force of the buffer spring 13, positioned between the outer arched base 12 and the bottom surface of the slag collecting bucket 1, is greater than the total weight of the soil in the slag collecting bucket 1 when the height of the baffle 15 is equal. When the soil accumulation in the slag collecting bucket 1 exceeds 1.5 times the height of the baffle 15, the buffer spring 13 is compressed to its lowest point. Similarly, when rapidly falling soil enters the outer arched base 12, the resulting impact energy pushes the entire outer arched base 12 downward, compressing the buffer spring 13. In the gap where the slag falls, the buffer spring 13 rebounds upward again, thereby forming an outer arch base 12 that constantly fluctuates up and down, so that the size of the opening between the slag collecting bucket 1 and the slag chute 14 changes continuously. While pushing the slag inside the slag collecting bucket 1 to move, it can improve the efficiency of the slag entering the slag chute 14 and prevent accumulation.

[0042] Furthermore, a flexible dust bag 16 is provided below the slag chute 14, and an opening below the dust bag 16 is used to discharge slag, and a slag conveyor belt 18 is provided at the opening below the dust bag 16. A slag collection vehicle 19 is provided at the other end of the slag conveyor belt 18. The slag is transported to the collection vehicle 19 through the slag conveyor belt 18, which can improve the slag discharge efficiency.

[0043] The present application also relates to an efficient slag collection method for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine, which specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1: Use a directional drill to construct a directional hole with a diameter greater than 200mm; Step 2: Enlarge the directional hole in step 1 from bottom to top to form a directional guide hole with a diameter greater than 300 mm; Step 3: Use a raise boring machine to expand the directional guide hole in step 2 from bottom to top to form a directional guide hole 3 with a diameter greater than 2000 mm; Step 4: Arrange a slag collecting device below the directional guide shaft 3, control the telescopic cylinder 4 to extend outward, push the support seat 5 to abut the rock layer below the shaft 2, and spray gas mist outward through the nozzle 7.

[0044] A pre-drilled directional guide hole forms a directional guide shaft 3 for discharging debris. The debris is discharged into the slag collection bucket 1 through the directional guide shaft 3, preventing debris from accumulating at the bottom of the vertical shaft 2 during the drilling and expansion process, thereby increasing drilling speed. The directional guide shaft 3 also guides the roadheader during drilling, improving drilling accuracy.

[0045] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments and that various modifications and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such modifications and improvements are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An efficient slag collecting device for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine, characterized in that: include: A slag collecting bucket (1) is arranged at the bottom of the vertical shaft (2), and the upper opening of the slag collecting bucket (1) is aligned with the directional guide shaft (3); A plurality of telescopic oil cylinders (4) are equidistantly arranged on the outer ring of the upper opening of the slag collecting bucket (1), and the telescopic ends of the telescopic oil cylinders (4) are provided with support seats (5) that abut against the top of the vertical shaft (2); A top platform (6) is provided at the opening of the fixed end of the telescopic oil cylinder (4), and a plurality of nozzles (7) are provided on the top platform (6) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, with the openings of the nozzles (7) facing vertically upwards; The slag collecting inner sleeve (8) is slidably arranged at the port of the slag collecting barrel (1), has an open upper end and is fixedly connected to the support seat (5).

2. The high-efficiency slag collecting device for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dustproof curtain (9) is provided on the support seat (5). The dustproof curtain (9) is made of a flexible material and is retracted and extended as the support seat (5) rises and falls.

3. The high-efficiency slag collecting device for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular airflow disk (10) is provided at the upper end of the nozzle (7), and dense small holes are provided at the upper end of the annular airflow disk (10). The inner cavity of the annular airflow disk (10) is connected to the nozzle (7), and the nozzle (7) is externally connected to an aerosol tube.

4. The high-efficiency slag collecting device for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The substance introduced into the aerosol tube is any one of gas, liquid or a mixture of gas and liquid.

5. The high-efficiency slag collecting device for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: A guide plate (11) is provided on the rock layer of the vertical shaft (2) above the annular airflow disk (10); the guide plate (11) is generally U-shaped, with an opening facing the annular airflow disk (10).

6. The high-efficiency slag collecting device for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: An outwardly protruding arched base (12) is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the slag collecting bucket (1).

7. The high-efficiency slag collecting device for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: A buffer spring (13) is provided between the outer arch base (12) and the bottom of the slag collecting bucket (1). A slag chute (14) is also provided on the slag collecting bucket (1), and an open channel is provided between the slag chute (14) and the slag collecting bucket (1).

8. The high-efficiency slag collecting device for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outer ring of the outer arch base (12) is provided with a baffle (15), and the baffle (15) blocks the opening between the slag chute (14) and the slag collecting bucket (1) when the outer arch base (12) is at its highest point.

9. The high-efficiency slag collecting device for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: An abutting plate (17) is provided at the end of the support seat (5) abutting against the rock face at the bottom of the shaft (2).

10. An efficient slag collection method for a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine, specifically applied to the slag collection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Use a directional drill to construct a directional hole with a diameter greater than 200mm; Step 2: Enlarge the directional hole in step 1 from bottom to top to form a directional guide hole with a diameter greater than 300 mm; Step 3: Use a raise boring machine to expand the directional guide hole in step 2 from bottom to top to form a directional guide hole (3) with a diameter greater than 2000 mm; Step 4: Arrange a slag collecting device below the directional guide shaft (3), control the telescopic oil cylinder (4) to extend outward, push the support seat (5) to abut against the rock layer below the vertical shaft (2), and spray out gas mist through the nozzle (7).

Images