Tunnel inverted arch lining steel bar positioning and adjusting device and using method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a positioning and adjusting device for tunnel inverted arch lining steel bar layer spacing and a using method. The device comprises an adjusting tool, the adjusting tool comprises an inner layer positioning clamp, a bidirectional steel bar positioning adjusting clamp and a split type turnbuckle tightener, and the steel bar spacing is fixed and the interlayer spacing is accurately adjusted through a combined structure of galvanized angle steel and galvanized square steel. The device controls the interlayer spacing deviation through the threaded lead screw of the tightener and the rotary adjusting ring, and ensures that the thickness of a reinforcing steel bar protective layer and the interlayer spacing meet the design requirements in combination with a lining formwork fixing tool. According to the method, the construction precision can be improved, displacement of the steel bars is avoided, the operation process is simplified, and the problem of concrete cracking caused by untight steel bar spacing control in traditional construction is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a device for positioning and adjusting steel bars for tunnel invert lining and a method for using the device. Background Art

[0002] Currently, various problems repeatedly arise in the control of rebar spacing and interlayer spacing during domestic tunnel lining reinforcement construction. Rebar spacing easily exceeds design specifications, and interlayer spacing is often insufficiently controlled, impacting the originally designed load-bearing structure. Inadequate control of rebar spacing and interlayer spacing can also result in excessive or insufficient rebar cover. This, coupled with uneven surrounding rock pressure, can cause cracking and deformation in the secondary lining, and even, in severe cases, concrete falling and shedding, impacting subsequent operational safety and leading to a series of safety incidents. Therefore, meticulous attention to detail is a critical step in tunnel lining construction. Ensuring that rebar spacing and interlayer spacing meet design specifications is a technical issue that remains to be resolved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an adjustment device to ensure the accuracy of the spacing between lining steel bars and the spacing between layers.

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a device for positioning and adjusting steel bars of tunnel invert lining, including an adjustment tool that abuts against the lining formwork and forms a gap in the steel bar protective layer, the adjustment tool includes a number of open-body turnbuckle tighteners, an inner layer positioning fixture, and a bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjustment fixture, and the number of open-body turnbuckle tighteners are arranged at equal intervals between the inner layer positioning fixture and the bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjustment fixture; the open-body turnbuckle tightener includes a threaded screw rod, a rotary adjustment ring and a threaded screw rod, and the rotary adjustment ring is rotated to adjust the distance between the inner layer positioning fixture and the bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjustment fixture, and both the inner layer positioning fixture and the bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjustment fixture are provided with steel bar slots.

[0005] Preferably, the inner layer positioning fixture is arranged on the inner side of the adjustment tooling, comprising a galvanized angle steel and a galvanized square steel, and the steel bar slots for clamping and fixing the transverse spacing of the inner layer steel bars are arranged at equal intervals on the galvanized angle steel.

[0006] Preferably, the bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjustment fixture is arranged on the outside of the adjustment tooling, including galvanized angle steel two, galvanized square steel two and galvanized angle steel three, and the steel bar slots used to clamp and fix the transverse spacing of the outer steel bars are arranged at equal intervals on galvanized angle steel two and galvanized angle steel three.

[0007] Preferably, the adjustment tool can be flipped and installed on the traveling trolley, and temporarily fixed to the trolley by a snap-fit structure.

[0008] Preferably, rubber pads are provided on both sides of the opening of the steel bar slot.

[0009] Preferably, the models of the galvanized square steel one, the galvanized angle steel two and the galvanized angle steel three are L50×50×5, and the thickness of the galvanized square steel one and the galvanized square steel two is ≥3mm.

[0010] A method for positioning and adjusting the spacing between steel bar layers in a tunnel invert lining comprises the following steps:

[0011] Step S1: Measurement and rough adjustment

[0012] Use a total station to measure and mark points at 1.5m circumferential spacing and 2m longitudinal spacing, marking the steel bar positioning lines; tie the first layer of main bars and horizontal bars, arrange the interlayer hook bars in a plum blossom pattern, and preliminarily adjust the interlayer spacing to the design value ±10mm;

[0013] Step S2: Install and adjust the tooling;

[0014] Weld the bottom end of the adjustment fixture to the Φ22mm positioning bar embedded in the inverted arch reinforcement, adjust the gap between the top steel pipe and the lining formwork to 5-10mm, and ensure that the axial deviation of the fixture and the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is ≤2°;

[0015] Step S3: precise positioning of the inner layer steel bars;

[0016] Use the galvanized angle steel of the inner positioning fixture to clamp the inner main reinforcement and tighten the bolts to fix the horizontal spacing to 150±2mm;

[0017] Step S4: Dynamic adjustment of outer reinforcement

[0018] Install the outer layer of steel bars in the steel bar slots of the bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjustment fixture, rotate the rotating adjustment ring of the split-body turnbuckle tightener, and check the layer spacing after adjustment;

[0019] Step S5: reinforcement and pouring;

[0020] Use Φ1.2mm tie wire to tie the steel bar intersections for the second time, install the plug template and tighten it with a jack, and pour C35 concrete;

[0021] Step S6: Device recovery and turnover

[0022] After the concrete has initially set, loosen the split collar bolts of the open-body turnbuckle tightener, remove the adjustment fixture and flip it onto the traveling trolley, and transport it to the next construction section for reuse.

[0023] Preferably, in step S4, the interlayer spacing adjustment requires simultaneous monitoring of the displacement of the steel bar slots, and monitoring of the rotating adjustment ring by a laser rangefinder to ensure that the cumulative error is ≤5mm / 10m.

[0024] Preferably, in step S2, J506 welding rods are used when welding the positioning steel bars, the weld length is ≥50 mm, and anti-rust paint is applied.

[0025] Preferably, in step S5, after the concrete is poured, it is vibrated layer by layer using an insert vibrator, with the thickness of each layer being ≤30 cm.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The application of lining layer spacing positioning tooling can well ensure that on-site construction is carried out strictly in accordance with the design, and control the spacing between steel bars and the spacing between two layers of steel bars.

[0028] 2. The inner layer positioning fixture can locate the spacing between steel bars and fix the position of the inner layer steel bars.

[0029] 3. The outer layer is equipped with a two-way steel bar positioning and adjustment fixture, which can adjust the steel bar layer spacing according to the deviation of the layer spacing.

[0030] 4. Adjust the spacing between steel bar layers by contracting and tensioning the open-body turnbuckle tightener.

[0031] 5. Fix the steel bar spacing adjustment tooling through the lining formwork of the inverted arch side wall to effectively control the protective layer and steel bar layer spacing of the steel side wall.

[0032] 6. The steel bar layer spacing adjustment tool can fix the tightening direction of the steel bars, and will not cause the steel bars to move relative to each other when adjusting the tightener as in the past.

[0033] 7. The tooling for adjusting the spacing between steel bar layers is flexible to use. The trolley can be moved by flipping the device over. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention when in use;

[0035] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a left side view of the device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 is a top view of the device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the galvanized angle steel involved in the device of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 It is a flow chart of the use of the device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 The present invention relates to the requirements for the deviation of the steel bar installation and protective layer thickness parameters;

[0041] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Secondary lining; 2. Lining formwork; 3. Adjustment tooling; 4. Open-body turnbuckle tightener; 41. Threaded screw one; 42. Rotary adjustment ring; 43. Threaded screw two; 5. Inner layer positioning fixture; 51. Galvanized angle steel one; 52. Galvanized square steel one; 6. Bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjustment fixture; 61. Galvanized angle steel two; 62. Galvanized square steel two; 63. Galvanized angle steel three; 7. Steel bar slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are provided for purposes of illustration and description and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments are chosen and described to better illustrate the principles of the invention and its practical application, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific applications.

[0043] In order to solve the problem of inaccurate steel bar spacing and layer spacing when pouring the secondary lining 1 in the background technology, the present invention provides a positioning and adjustment device for the steel bar layer spacing of the tunnel invert lining and a method for using the same. The device of the present invention includes an adjustment tool 3 that abuts against the lining formwork 2 and forms a gap in the steel bar protective layer. The adjustment tool 3 can be flipped and installed on a traveling trolley and temporarily fixed to the trolley by a snap-fit structure, so that the device can be moved as the construction progresses.

[0044] The adjustment tool 3 includes several open-body turnbuckle tighteners 4, inner-layer positioning fixtures 5, and two-way steel bar positioning and adjustment fixtures 6. The adjustment tool 3 serves as the main body of the device, carrying several open-body turnbuckle tighteners 4, inner-layer positioning fixtures 5, and two-way steel bar positioning and adjustment fixtures 6 to ensure the stability of the overall structure; several open-body turnbuckle tighteners 4 are arranged at equal intervals between the inner-layer positioning fixtures 5 and the two-way steel bar positioning and adjustment fixtures 6; the open-body turnbuckle tightener 4 includes a threaded screw 41, a rotating adjustment ring 42, and a threaded screw Two 43, rotate the rotary adjustment ring 42 to adjust the distance between the inner layer positioning fixture 5 and the bidirectional steel bar positioning adjustment fixture 6; the inner layer positioning fixture 5 is provided on the inner side of the adjustment tool 3, and includes a galvanized angle steel 51 and a galvanized square steel 52. The steel bar slots 7 are evenly spaced on the galvanized angle steel 51 to clamp and fix the transverse spacing of the inner layer steel bars. The inner layer positioning fixture 5 clamps the inner layer main bars through the angle steel to ensure that the transverse spacing meets the design requirements; the galvanized square steel 52 limits the position of the longitudinal steel bars to prevent the steel bars from sliding during the binding process. The bidirectional steel bar positioning adjustment fixture 6 is provided on the outside of the adjustment tool 3 to adjust the layer spacing, and includes a galvanized angle steel 61, a galvanized square steel 62 and a galvanized angle steel 63. The steel bar slots 7 are evenly spaced on the galvanized angle steel 61 and the galvanized angle steel 63 to adapt to the clamping of steel bars of different diameters and the adjustment of the layer spacing;

[0045] The inner positioning fixture 5 and the bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjustment fixture 6 are both provided with a steel bar slot 7. Rubber pads with a thickness of 2mm are provided on both sides of the opening of the steel bar slot 7 to prevent damage to the steel bar surface during clamping, prevent damage to the steel bar surface and increase friction to avoid sliding after clamping. The model of galvanized square steel 1 52, galvanized angle steel 2 61 and galvanized angle steel 3 63 is L50×50×5, and the thickness of galvanized square steel 1 52 and galvanized square steel 2 62 is ≥3mm. The galvanized parts are sprayed with WD-40 rust inhibitor to extend the service life of the device in a humid environment. Figure 4 As shown, the distance between two adjacent open-body turnbuckle tighteners 4 is L. According to the construction requirements, L is generally set to 80cm-120cm to ensure that the tension of the open-body turnbuckle tightener 4 is appropriate, and the inner positioning fixture 5 and the two-way steel bar positioning adjustment fixture 6 are linear and straight, ensuring the spacing adjustment effect; the distance between the steel bar slots 7 on the inner positioning fixture 5 is d, and the distance d is the steel bar spacing. The distance between the steel bar slots 7 on the two-way steel bar positioning adjustment fixture 6 is also d, which is generally designed according to the on-site construction requirements. The range of d is 16cm-20cm; the minimum adjustment spacing of the adjustment tool 3 is h, and the maximum adjustment spacing is H. H and h meet 30cm≤h≤H≤60cm. The rotation adjustment ring 42 of the open-body turnbuckle tightener 4 rotates one circle, and the steel bar layer spacing changes by 1cm, and the displacement changes of the inner and outer layers are 5mm each, which can meet Figure 7 The allowable deviation required by the construction process is ±5mm.

[0046] A method for positioning and adjusting the spacing between steel bar layers in tunnel invert lining, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step S1: Measurement and rough adjustment

[0048] Use a total station to measure and mark points at 1.5m circumferential spacing and 2m longitudinal spacing, marking the steel bar positioning lines; tie the first layer of main bars (Φ22mm) and horizontal bars (Φ14mm), and arrange interlayer hook bars (Φ10mm) in a plum blossom pattern, and preliminarily adjust the interlayer spacing to the design value ±10mm;

[0049] Step S2: Install and adjust the tooling

[0050] Weld the bottom end of the adjustment tool 3 to the Φ22mm positioning reinforcement embedded in the inverted arch reinforcement, adjust the gap between the top steel pipe and the lining formwork 2 to 5-10mm, and ensure that the axial deviation of the tool and the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is ≤2°; use J506 welding rods when welding the positioning reinforcement, with a weld length of ≥50mm, and apply anti-rust paint.

[0051] Step S3: Precise positioning of inner steel bars

[0052] The inner layer main reinforcement is clamped by the galvanized angle steel 51 of the inner layer positioning fixture 5, and the bolts are tightened to fix the horizontal spacing to 150±2mm.

[0053] Step S4: Dynamic adjustment of outer reinforcement

[0054] Adjust the steel bar slot 7 of the outer bidirectional steel bar positioning fixture 6, rotate the rotating adjustment ring 42 of the open-body basket screw tightener 4, and check the interlayer spacing after adjustment; the interlayer spacing adjustment requires synchronous monitoring of the displacement of the steel bar slot 7, and monitoring the rotating adjustment ring 42 through a laser rangefinder to ensure that the cumulative error is ≤5mm / 10m.

[0055] Step S5: Reinforcement and pouring

[0056] Use Φ1.2mm binding wire to perform secondary binding on the intersection of steel bars, install the plug template and tighten it with a jack, and pour C35 concrete with a slump of 160±20mm; after the concrete is poured, use an inserted vibrator with a frequency of 12,000 times / min to vibrate the concrete in layers, and the thickness of each layer should be ≤30cm.

[0057] Step S6: Device recovery and turnover

[0058] After the concrete has initially set, loosen the split collar bolts of the split-body turnbuckle tightener 4, remove the adjustment fixture 3, flip it onto a traveling trolley, and transport it to the next construction section for reuse. After removal, clean the surface of the adjustment fixture 3 to remove any concrete residue, and spray the galvanized parts with WD-40 rust inhibitor to extend the device's service life.

[0059] The reinforcement spacing and layer spacing adjustment tool 3 is formed by combining galvanized square steel + galvanized angle steel + open-body basket screw tightener, which effectively solves a series of problems that arise when tying reinforcement during on-site lining construction, meets the design requirements, and ensures the construction quality of the main body.

[0060] Process method:

[0061] The present invention is a method for controlling the spacing and inter-layer spacing of the inverted arch lining reinforcement of a tunnel. The full-ring lining construction of the tunnel is based on the inverted arch, so strictly controlling the construction reserve quality of the inverted arch lining reinforcement is the prerequisite for ensuring the quality of the secondary lining construction. First, the inverted arch reinforcement is measured and laid out before being tied. The measurement points are measured and marked at circumferential and longitudinal intervals of 1.5m to 2m according to the on-site construction requirements. The construction workers construct the reinforcement positioning bars according to the points, and roughly adjust the position of the first layer of main reinforcement of the inverted arch lining reinforcement based on the measurement data, and tie the first layer of main reinforcement and horizontal reinforcement. On-site technicians measure the position of the second layer of reinforcement, roughly adjust the inter-layer spacing of the lining reinforcement, and install the second layer of main reinforcement, horizontal reinforcement, and inter-layer hook bars. After all the inverted arch reinforcement is tied, the traveling inverted arch station knocks the trolley template to the specified position to position the inverted arch template and ensure that the concrete after pouring does not invade the restricted traffic safety line. After the template is positioned, the first layer near the lining template 2 is fine-tuned using the adjustment tool 3 of the present invention. The steel bars on the inner side of the lining concrete are fixed in position. The second layer of steel bars is precisely adjusted by adjusting the tool 3. After the steel bars are precisely positioned, the steel bars are reinforced again, the plug template is blocked, the plug template is reinforced, and concrete is poured. The position requirements of the steel bars in tunnel construction require that the deviation between the protective layer and the interlayer spacing is only a few millimeters. This invention can effectively solve such problems. The present invention is based on the reform of the traditional basket screw tightener, and the circular rings at both ends are modified into an open type to meet the needs of on-site construction.

[0062] During construction, the adjustment fixtures 3 on both sides of the secondary lining invert are pre-treated: a steel pipe is welded to the back of each adjustment fixture 3, near the top, with the axial direction of the steel pipe, the axial direction of the adjustment fixture 3, and the longitudinal direction of the tunnel all aligned. The adjustment fixtures 3 are then installed: the pre-treated adjustment fixtures 3 are placed on the secondary lining invert reinforcement bars on the corresponding side, and the bottom ends of the adjustment fixtures 3 are fixed to the secondary lining invert reinforcement bars by welding them to the locating reinforcement bars. The steel pipes at the top ends of the adjustment fixtures 3 are in contact with the secondary lining invert reinforcement bars, and the gap between the adjustment fixtures 3 and the secondary lining invert reinforcement bars is used to cast the reinforcement protective layer. The method for controlling the reinforcement protective layer of the secondary lining structure of the tunnel provided by the present invention is simple to operate, helps reduce construction difficulty, and shortens the construction period. Furthermore, the steel formwork welded with the steel pipes is reusable, further shortening the construction period, reducing construction difficulty, and reducing costs through resource recycling.

[0063] The present invention provides a device and method for positioning and adjusting the spacing between steel bars in a tunnel invert lining. By combining a modularly designed adjustment tool with a two-way adjustment fixture and an open-body basket screw tightener, the device solves the technical problem of lax control of steel bar spacing and layer spacing in traditional construction. The device ensures that the thickness of the steel bar protective layer meets the specifications by accurately adjusting the layer spacing deviation (the error is controlled at the millimeter level), thereby avoiding the risk of cracking of the concrete structure due to uneven force. Its innovation lies in transforming the traditional basket screw tightener into an open-type collar structure to meet the needs of rapid on-site construction, and improving the durability of the device through a combination of galvanized materials. The device is flexible in operation and reusable, significantly improving the efficiency and quality of tunnel lining construction.

Claims

1. A device for positioning and adjusting the spacing between steel bars in a tunnel invert lining, characterized by: The invention comprises an adjusting tool (3) which abuts against a lining template (2) and forms a gap between a steel bar protective layer. The adjusting tool (3) comprises a plurality of open-body turnbuckle screw tighteners (4), an inner layer positioning fixture (5), and a bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjusting fixture (6). The plurality of open-body turnbuckle screw tighteners (4) are arranged at equal intervals between the inner layer positioning fixture (5) and the bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjusting fixture (6). The open-body turnbuckle screw tightener (4) comprises a first threaded screw (41), a rotary adjustment ring (42), and a second threaded screw (43). The rotary adjustment ring (42) is rotated to adjust the distance between the inner layer positioning fixture (5) and the bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjusting fixture (6). Both the inner layer positioning fixture (5) and the bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjusting fixture (6) are provided with a steel bar slot (7).

2. The device for positioning and adjusting the spacing between steel bars in tunnel invert lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner layer positioning fixture (5) is arranged on the inner side of the adjustment tool (3), and comprises a galvanized angle steel (51) and a galvanized square steel (52). The steel bar slots (7) for clamping and fixing the transverse spacing of the inner layer steel bars are arranged on the galvanized angle steel (51) at equal intervals.

3. The positioning and adjusting device for the spacing between steel bars in tunnel invert lining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjusting fixture (6) is arranged outside the adjusting tool (3), and comprises a second galvanized angle steel (61), a second galvanized square steel (62) and a third galvanized angle steel (63). Steel bar slots (7) for clamping and fixing the transverse spacing of the outer steel bars are arranged at equal intervals on the second galvanized angle steel (61) and the third galvanized angle steel (63).

4. The device for positioning and adjusting the spacing between steel bars in tunnel invert lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment tool (3) can be flipped and installed on the traveling trolley, and temporarily fixed to the trolley through a buckle structure.

5. The device for positioning and adjusting the spacing between steel bars in tunnel invert lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: Rubber pads (thickness 2 mm) are provided on both sides of the opening of the steel bar slot (7).

6. The device for positioning and adjusting the spacing between steel bars in tunnel invert lining according to claim 3, characterized in that: The model of the galvanized square steel 1 (52), the galvanized angle steel 2 (61) and the galvanized angle steel 3 (63) is L50×50×5, and the thickness of the galvanized square steel 1 (52) and the galvanized square steel 2 (62) is ≥3mm.

7. A method for positioning and adjusting the spacing between steel bars in a tunnel invert lining, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step S1: Measurement and rough adjustment Use a total station to measure and mark points at 1.5m circumferential spacing and 2m longitudinal spacing to mark the steel bar positioning lines; tie the first layer of main bars (Φ22mm) and horizontal bars (Φ14mm), and arrange the interlayer hook bars (Φ10mm) in a plum blossom pattern. Preliminary adjust the interlayer spacing to the design value ±10mm; Step S2: Install and adjust the tooling; Weld the bottom end of the adjustment tool (3) to the Φ22mm positioning bar embedded in the inverted arch reinforcement, adjust the gap between the top steel pipe and the lining template (2) to 5-10mm, and ensure that the deviation between the tool axial direction and the tunnel longitudinal direction is ≤2°; Step S3: precise positioning of the inner layer steel bars; The inner layer main reinforcement is clamped by the galvanized angle steel (51) of the inner layer positioning fixture (5), and the bolts are tightened to fix the horizontal spacing to 150±2mm; Step S4: Dynamic adjustment of outer reinforcement Install the outer layer of steel bars in the steel bar slot (7) of the bidirectional steel bar positioning and adjustment fixture (6), rotate the rotary adjustment ring (42) of the open-body turnbuckle tightener (4), and check the interlayer spacing after adjustment; Step S5: reinforcement and pouring; Use Φ1.2mm tie wire to tie the steel bar intersections for the second time, install the plug template and tighten it with a jack, and pour C35 concrete (slump 160±20mm); Step S6: Device recovery and turnover After the concrete has initially set, the split collar bolts of the split turnbuckle tightener (4) are loosened, the adjustment tool (3) is disassembled and turned over to a traveling trolley, and transported to the next construction section for reuse.

8. The method for positioning and adjusting the spacing between steel bars in tunnel invert lining according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the interlayer spacing adjustment requires synchronous monitoring of the displacement of the steel bar slot (7), and monitoring of the rotating adjustment ring (42) by a laser rangefinder to ensure that the cumulative error is ≤5mm / 10m.

9. The method for positioning and adjusting the spacing between steel bars in tunnel invert lining according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, J506 welding rods are used for welding the positioning steel bars, the weld length is ≥50 mm, and anti-rust paint is applied.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein: In step S5, after the concrete is poured, it is vibrated layer by layer using an insert vibrator (frequency 12,000 times / min), with each layer thickness ≤ 30 cm.

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