Self-adaptive arc arch roadway surrounding rock high-stress and large-deformation telescopic support

Abstract

The invention provides a self-adaptive high-stress and large-deformation telescopic support for surrounding rock of an arc-arch roadway, and aims to solve the problem of supporting of the arc-arch roadway, guarantee construction safety and reduce cost. The support is composed of three core systems. A main body structure adopts a three-section design of an arch-shaped high-strength alloy steel frame and a top arc-shaped top beam, and stable connection and convenient disassembly and assembly are realized through connecting pieces and bolts. In the telescopic hydraulic adjusting mechanism, a multi-stage telescopic hydraulic prop is hydraulically driven to flexibly adjust the height of a bracket according to the deformation of surrounding rock; the elastic telescopic connecting piece buffers and absorbs shock, and the structural integrity is enhanced; the telescopic limiting device guarantees the safety of the support. The stress and deformation monitoring system collects data in real time and wirelessly transmits the data to the intelligent regulation and control system through stress and displacement sensors arranged at key parts. After the intelligent regulation and control system analyzes through the data processing unit, the decision-making unit is controlled to drive the hydraulic prop to adjust when the stress exceeds a threshold value or the support is abnormal, and early warning is conducted through the communication unit. The support has remarkable advantages, and the multi-stage hydraulic props are matched with the elastic connecting pieces, so that the support can quickly adapt to large deformation of surrounding rocks and keep tight fit; the intelligent system accurately controls telescopic adjustment, and manual intervention is reduced; the arch design enhances stability and disperses local stress; due to the good adaptability, the damage maintenance of the support is greatly reduced, the service life is prolonged, the engineering maintenance cost is reduced, and reliable guarantee is provided for safe and efficient operation of roadway engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mine tunnel and underground engineering support technology, and specifically to an adaptive tunnel surrounding rock high stress and large deformation retractable support, which is mainly used to solve the problem that traditional supports are difficult to effectively support and are prone to damage and failure in tunnels under high stress environment and large deformation conditions. Background Art

[0002] In projects such as mining and underground tunnel construction, the surrounding rock of tunnels is often under high stress and is susceptible to large deformations due to factors such as geological structure and mining activities. Traditional tunnel supports, such as rigid steel supports, can provide a certain degree of support, but due to their lack of elasticity, they cannot adapt to large deformations of the surrounding rock. When the surrounding rock deformation exceeds the support's tolerance, the support will suffer damage such as fracture and twisting due to stress concentration, and lose its support function. Some supports with simple telescopic structures are inflexible in their telescopic adjustment and difficult to accurately control according to the changes in surrounding rock stress and deformation. They also lack real-time monitoring and intelligent feedback mechanisms for the support's working status and surrounding rock deformation, making it impossible to provide early warning of potential dangers, resulting in poor support effectiveness and a serious threat to the safety of tunnel construction and operation. At the same time, frequent replacement and maintenance of supports also increase project costs. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a telescopic support that can adapt to the high stress and large deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock and has intelligent control functions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a retractable support that is adaptive to high stress and large deformation of tunnel surrounding rocks. Through an innovative retractable hydraulic adjustment mechanism, stress and deformation monitoring and intelligent control system, the support can effectively alleviate the high stress of the surrounding rock and adaptively adjust the large deformation, thereby improving the support performance and reliability of the support, ensuring the safety of tunnel construction and operation, and reducing engineering costs.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] The invention discloses a self-adaptive retractable support for high stress and large deformation of surrounding rock in tunnels, which mainly consists of a support main structure, a retractable hydraulic adjustment mechanism, a stress and deformation monitoring and intelligent control system.

[0006] The main structure of the bracket adopts an arched frame design and is made of high-strength alloy steel. It includes a top curved beam and two retractable and adjustable hydraulic supports. The top curved beam adopts a three-section structure and is clamped and secured by overlapping connectors. The ends of the curved beam are detachably connected to the two retractable and adjustable hydraulic supports with bolts, facilitating installation and removal of the bracket.

[0007] The telescopic hydraulic adjustment mechanism consists of a multi-stage telescopic hydraulic support, an elastic telescopic connector, and a telescopic limiter. The multi-stage telescopic hydraulic support is installed between the top curved beam and the two side columns. It is driven by a hydraulic system to expand and contract, thereby adjusting the overall height of the support to adapt to surrounding rock deformation. The elastic telescopic connector is installed at the connection between the various components of the support, providing a buffer and shock absorption function during the expansion and contraction process, while also enhancing the integrity and stability of the support. The telescopic limiter is used to limit the expansion and contraction range of the hydraulic support to prevent damage to the support structure due to excessive expansion and contraction.

[0008] The stress and deformation monitoring system is equipped with stress sensors and displacement sensors. Stress sensors are located at key stress-bearing locations within the support structure, such as the center of the top curved beam and the connection between the columns and crossbeams. These sensors monitor the magnitude and distribution of stress within the support in real time. Displacement sensors are installed between the active column and the oil cylinder of the retractable hydraulic struts and at the connection between the curved top beams. They monitor the vertical and horizontal displacement of the roadway and capture surrounding rock deformation data. The monitoring system transmits collected data in real time to the intelligent control system via a wireless transmission module.

[0009] The intelligent control system includes a data processing unit, a control and decision-making unit, and a communication unit. The data processing unit receives data transmitted by the stress and deformation monitoring system, performs analysis and processing, and analyzes the surrounding rock deformation trend and the force changes on the support in real time. Based on the analysis results of the data processing unit, the control and decision-making unit controls the hydraulic system of the telescopic adjustment mechanism to adjust the telescopic length of the multi-stage telescopic hydraulic support so that the support adapts to the surrounding rock deformation. At the same time, it sends an early warning message to the staff through the communication unit when it determines that the surrounding rock deformation has caused the support force to exceed the set threshold or the support tilts.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0011] Efficiently adapt to large deformation: The multi-stage telescopic hydraulic support is combined with elastic telescopic connectors to flexibly adjust the height and shape of the support according to the large deformation of the surrounding rock, so that the support always fits closely with the surrounding rock, effectively alleviating the surrounding rock pressure and avoiding support failure caused by separation of the support and the surrounding rock.

[0012] Intelligent control: The stress and deformation monitoring system collects data in real time. The intelligent control system accurately controls the expansion and contraction adjustment of the support through data analysis, realizes active adaptation to the surrounding rock deformation and optimizes the support force, improves the accuracy and timeliness of support, reduces manual intervention, and improves support efficiency.

[0013] Enhanced stability: The coordination of the arch frame design and auxiliary support components enhances the overall stability and load-bearing capacity of the support, especially in areas with large local deformation of the surrounding rock or stress concentration. The foldable auxiliary support arms can effectively disperse the stress, prevent local instability of the support, and ensure the overall safety of the tunnel.

[0014] Reduce maintenance costs: The support can effectively adapt to the high stress and large deformation of the surrounding rock, reducing the need for frequent replacement and repair due to support damage, extending the service life of the support, reducing project maintenance costs, and improving economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other relevant drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the key parts of the invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is the working principle block diagram of the intelligent control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Taking the construction of a deep tunnel in a mine as an example, the adaptive tunnel surrounding rock high stress and large deformation retractable support of the present invention is installed.

[0021] First, fix the retractable hydraulic supports on both sides, then connect the three sections of arc-shaped top beams, then use bolts to connect the columns on both sides to the top crossbeam, and then install the top arc-shaped beam. Connect the top arc-shaped beam to the columns on both sides through the rotatable connection node to complete the construction of the main structure of the bracket.

[0022] Then the telescopic adjustment mechanism, stress and deformation monitoring system, and intelligent control system are installed and debugged.

[0023] As the tunnel advances, the stress of the surrounding rock gradually increases. The stress sensor monitors that the stress in the middle of the arc beam at the top of the support exceeds the set threshold. At the same time, the displacement sensor detects relative displacement between the support and the surrounding rock, indicating that the surrounding rock begins to deform.

[0024] After the data processing unit of the intelligent control system analyzes the data, the control decision unit instructs the hydraulic system of the telescopic adjustment mechanism to start, the multi-stage telescopic hydraulic support extends, and the height and shape of the support are adjusted to make it better fit the surrounding rock.

[0025] The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are all included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An adaptive circular arch tunnel surrounding rock high stress and large deformation retractable support, characterized by: It includes the main structure of the bracket, a retractable hydraulic adjustment mechanism, a stress and deformation monitoring and intelligent control system; The main structure of the bracket adopts an arched frame design and is made of high-strength alloy steel. It includes a top arc beam and telescopically adjustable hydraulic supports on both sides. The top arc beam is connected in three sections and is fixed by overlapping and clamping connectors. The ends of the arc beam are detachably connected to the telescopically adjustable hydraulic supports on both sides by bolts. The telescopic hydraulic adjustment mechanism includes a multi-stage telescopic hydraulic support, an elastic telescopic connection and a telescopic limit device. The multi-stage telescopic hydraulic support is arranged between the top arc beam and the two side columns and is driven by a hydraulic system to achieve telescopic movement. The elastic telescopic connection is installed at the connection between the various components of the support. The telescopic limit device is used to limit the telescopic range of the hydraulic support. The stress and deformation monitoring system includes a stress sensor and a displacement sensor. The stress sensor is arranged at the key stress-bearing part of the support main structure, and the displacement sensor is installed between the active column and the oil cylinder of the retractable hydraulic support and at the connection of the arc-shaped top beam; The intelligent control system includes a data processing unit, a control decision unit and a communication unit. The data processing unit receives and analyzes data transmitted by the stress and deformation monitoring system. The control decision unit controls the operation of the hydraulic system of the telescopic adjustment mechanism based on the analysis results of the data processing unit and issues early warning information through the communication unit.

2. The adaptive tunnel surrounding rock high stress and large deformation retractable support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The stress sensor is arranged at the middle of the top arc beam and at the connection between the column and the cross beam.

3. The adaptive tunnel surrounding rock high stress and large deformation retractable support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The elastic telescopic connector plays a role of buffering and shock absorption during the extension and contraction of the bracket, and enhances the integrity and stability of the bracket.

4. The adaptive tunnel surrounding rock high stress and large deformation retractable support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the control decision unit determines that the surrounding rock deformation causes the support force to exceed the set threshold or the support tilts, etc., it controls the hydraulic system of the telescopic adjustment mechanism to adjust the telescopic length of the multi-stage telescopic hydraulic support.

5. The adaptive tunnel surrounding rock high stress and large deformation retractable support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The stress and deformation monitoring system sends the collected data to the intelligent control system in real time through the wireless transmission module.

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