Lubricating bearing and hydrogen internal combustion engine

Abstract

The invention discloses a lubricated bearing and a hydrogen internal combustion engine. The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, and in the thickness direction, the lubricating bearing comprises, from inside to outside, a lubricating layer made of a carbon fiber reinforced polyether-ether-ketone composite material; the heat conduction layer is made of copper alloy; and the material of the protective layer comprises an alloy material subjected to nitriding treatment, and the alloy material comprises at least one of 316L stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, Q345D stainless steel and Inconel 625 stainless steel. Through the nitriding treatment on the outer layer, the hydrogen permeation resistance of the lubricating bearing can be improved, and the hydrogen loss aging problem is reduced. Meanwhile, the middle layer is made of copper alloy, a heat conduction channel can be provided, friction heat of the lubricating bearing can be rapidly conducted out to an external cooling system, and bearing overheating failure is reduced. And the carbon fiber reinforced polyether-ether-ketone composite material is used as the lubricating layer, so that the wear resistance can be enhanced, and the service life of the lubricating bearing is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of new energy technology, and in particular to a lubricated bearing and a hydrogen internal combustion engine. Background Art

[0002] As a zero-carbon emission power plant, the hydrogen internal combustion engine is a key area for hydrogen energy utilization. However, its high temperature, high pressure, and highly reactive operating environment pose severe challenges to the lubrication and durability of key components, such as bearings. Traditional oil-based lubrication systems in hydrogen internal combustion engines present the following challenges: Hydrogen embrittlement risk: Lubricating oil may decompose at high temperatures to produce hydrocarbons, which, when mixed with hydrogen, accelerate hydrogen embrittlement of metal materials; contamination and efficiency loss: Oil may enter the combustion chamber, causing carbon deposits, emissions pollution, and energy loss; and thermal management difficulties: The high combustion temperature of hydrogen (>2000°C) can easily lead to bearing overheating and failure.

[0003] Water-lubricated bearings are environmentally friendly, have high heat capacity and are potentially compatible with hydrogen environments, but existing technologies have the following limitations: water-lubricated bearing materials are prone to aging in high-temperature, hydrogen-permeated environments, affecting the service life of hydrogen internal combustion engines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a lubricated bearing and a hydrogen internal combustion engine to solve the problem that lubricated bearings are susceptible to hydrogen damage and aging.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a lubricating bearing, comprising, arranged in order from the inside to the outside in the thickness direction: The lubricating layer comprises a carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone composite material; a heat-conducting layer, the material of which includes a copper alloy; and The protective layer is made of a nitrided alloy material, wherein the alloy material includes at least one of 316L stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, Q345D stainless steel and Inconel 625 stainless steel.

[0006] The alloy material of this application, treated with nitriding treatment on the outer layer, can improve the lubricated bearing's resistance to hydrogen penetration and reduce hydrogen damage and aging problems. Furthermore, the copper alloy used in the middle layer provides a heat conduction channel, quickly transferring the friction heat of the lubricated bearing to the external cooling system, reducing bearing overheating and failure. The carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone composite material used as the lubricating layer can enhance wear resistance and extend the service life of the lubricated bearing.

[0007] In some embodiments, the material of the lubricating layer further comprises nano-ceramic particles, wherein: The particle size of the nano-ceramic particles is 50 nm to 100 nm; and / or, The nano ceramic particles include at least one of Si3N4, ZrO2, TiN, and SiC; and / or, The mass proportion of the nano-ceramic particles in the lubricating layer is 3% to 5%.

[0008] Nano-ceramic particles can reduce the friction coefficient of lubricated bearings and enhance wear resistance, resulting in better self-lubrication and increased service life. Within this particle size range, the nano-ceramic particles significantly increase their specific surface area and surface energy, allowing them to be evenly dispersed in the lubricating layer to form a nanoscale reinforcement phase. Selecting at least one of the aforementioned nano-ceramic particles can further enhance wear resistance while also improving resistance to hydrogen damage. Within this range, the mass percentage of the nano-ceramic particles in the lubricating layer achieves a balanced performance.

[0009] In some embodiments, the carbon fibers account for 25% to 35% by mass in the lubricating layer, which can improve the self-lubricating performance of the lubricated bearing; and / or, The copper alloy includes at least one of copper-zirconium alloy and copper-chromium alloy. Using at least one of the above copper alloys can improve the thermal conductivity of the lubricated bearing and reduce high-temperature aging.

[0010] In some embodiments, the inner surface of the lubricating layer is further provided with a concave hole array. The concave hole array is provided on the inner surface of the lubricating layer. The concave hole array includes multiple concave holes. The dynamic pressure effect generated when the lubricating fluid flows can enhance the load-bearing capacity of the water film, thereby reducing the friction coefficient and increasing the service life of the lubricated bearing. When compounded with nano-ceramic particles, the concave holes can serve as particle anchoring points, achieving self-repairing lubrication through the "concave hole particle storage ~ friction particle release" mechanism, wherein: The diameter of the concave hole is 50-200 μm. Within this range, the concave hole does not interfere with the flow of the lubricating fluid and can improve the carrying capacity of the lubricating fluid water film; and / or, The depth of the concave hole is 10-50 μm. When the depth of the concave hole is within this range, the load-bearing capacity of the lubricating liquid water film can be further improved while reducing the impact on the strength of the lubricated bearing.

[0011] The lubricating bearing may be a main bearing of a crankshaft of a hydrogen internal combustion engine, a bearing of a hydrogen fuel injector, or a bearing of an air compression pump of a hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0012] The heat-conducting layer and the protective layer can be connected by vacuum diffusion welding to improve the tightness of the connection, and the heat-conducting layer and the lubricating layer can be formed by hot pressing (350° C. / 10 MPa).

[0013] In a second aspect, the present application provides a hydrogen internal combustion engine comprising the lubricated bearing of the first aspect.

[0014] In some embodiments, the hydrogen internal combustion engine includes a lubrication system, which includes a lubricating fluid circulation module and a pressure control module, wherein: The lubricating fluid circulation module includes a water pump, a filter device, a heat exchanger, a pH adjustment unit and connecting pipes; The pressure regulation module includes a PID controller for regulating the pressure of the water pump and the speed of the hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0015] By regulating the pressure of the water pump and the speed of the hydrogen internal combustion engine through the PID controller, the operating condition of the lubrication system can be adjusted according to actual conditions, thereby increasing the service life of the lubrication system.

[0016] In some embodiments, the lubricating fluid in the lubrication system includes a water-based lubricating fluid, which can lubricate and reduce friction, cool and dissipate heat, prevent rust and corrosion, and is environmentally friendly. And / or, The filtration accuracy of the lubricating fluid in the lubricating system is ≤5 μm, which can improve the cleanliness and chemical stability of the lubricating fluid and increase the service life of the lubricated bearing; and / or, A corrosion inhibitor is also added to the lubricating fluid in the lubricating system, which can reduce the electrochemical corrosion of the lubricating fluid on the lubricated bearing.

[0017] In some embodiments, the water-based lubricating fluid comprises at least one of liquid paraffin and poly-alpha-olefin (PAO); and / or The corrosion inhibitor includes at least one of sodium benzoate, molybdate, and tungstate.

[0018] In some embodiments, the lubricating fluid pressure in the water pump is 1-8 MPa. Maintaining the lubricating fluid pressure at 1-8 MPa can form a basic fluid dynamic pressure film to reduce direct contact wear, drive the lubricating fluid circulation, and remove friction heat.

[0019] In some embodiments, a PID controller is used to match the speed and load of the hydrogen internal combustion engine in real time to maintain a lubricating film thickness within the lubrication system greater than or equal to 2 μm. Maintaining a lubricating film thickness within the lubrication system greater than or equal to 2 μm can achieve complete fluid isolation from the metal surface, and the friction coefficient enters a minimum plateau region.

[0020] A hydrogen barrier coating (such as Al2O3 ceramic coating) can also be installed at the connection between the lubricated bearing and the lubrication pipeline to reduce hydrogen penetration and cause material embrittlement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the structure of a lubricating bearing according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the concave hole array structure on the inner surface of the lubricating layer of a lubricating bearing according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Description of Figure Numbers: 100 lubricated bearing; 1 lubricating layer; 11 recessed hole array; 2 heat conducting layer; 3 protective layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] As a zero-carbon emission power plant, the hydrogen internal combustion engine is a key area for hydrogen energy utilization. However, its high temperature, high pressure, and highly reactive operating environment pose severe challenges to the lubrication and durability of key components, such as bearings. Traditional oil-based lubrication systems in hydrogen internal combustion engines present the following challenges: Hydrogen embrittlement risk: Lubricating oil may decompose at high temperatures to produce hydrocarbons, which, when mixed with hydrogen, accelerate hydrogen embrittlement of metal materials; contamination and efficiency loss: Oil may enter the combustion chamber, causing carbon deposits, emissions pollution, and energy loss; and thermal management difficulties: The high combustion temperature of hydrogen (>2000°C) can easily lead to bearing overheating and failure.

[0027] Water-lubricated bearings are environmentally friendly, have high heat capacity and are potentially compatible with hydrogen environments, but existing technologies have the following limitations: water-lubricated bearing materials are prone to aging in high-temperature, hydrogen-permeated environments, affecting the service life of hydrogen internal combustion engines.

[0028] In view of this, the present application provides a lubricated bearing and a hydrogen internal combustion engine to solve the problem that lubricated bearings are prone to hydrogen damage and aging.

[0029] First, as Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a lubricating bearing 100, which includes the following components arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside in the thickness direction: The lubricating layer 1 is made of a carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone composite material; a heat-conducting layer 2, whose material includes copper alloy; and The material of the protective layer 3 includes an alloy material that has been nitrided, and the alloy material includes at least one of 316L stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, Q345D stainless steel and Inconel 625 stainless steel.

[0030] The alloy material of the outer protective layer 3, treated with nitriding, improves the lubricated bearing 100's resistance to hydrogen permeation, reducing hydrogen damage and aging issues. Furthermore, the copper alloy used in the intermediate heat-conducting layer 2 provides a heat conduction channel, quickly transferring frictional heat from the lubricated bearing 100 to the external cooling system, reducing bearing overheating and failure. The carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone composite material used as the lubricating layer 1 enhances wear resistance and increases the service life of the lubricated bearing 100.

[0031] It should be noted that the thickness of the lubricating layer 1 can be 50-300 μm, the thickness of the thermal conductive layer 2 can be 1.0-3.0 mm, and the thickness of the protective layer 3 can be 20-100 μm. Within this thickness range, the following synergistic advantages can be achieved: thermal-mechanical coupling stability, interfacial bonding strength, and good adaptability to dynamic working conditions.

[0032] The main components of 316L stainless steel are chromium (16-18%), nickel (10-14%), molybdenum (2-3%), low carbon (≤0.03%), and the balance is iron. The main components of 304 stainless steel are chromium (18-20%), nickel (8-10%), and the balance is iron. The main components of Q345D stainless steel are carbon (≤0.18%), manganese (1.2-1.6%), silicon (≤0.55%), and contain trace amounts of alloying elements such as vanadium and titanium, with the balance being iron. Inconel 625 stainless steel mainly contains chromium (20-23%), molybdenum (8-10%), niobium (3.15-4.15%), with small amounts of iron and carbon, and the balance is nickel.

[0033] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the material of the lubricating layer 1 further comprises nano-ceramic particles, wherein: the particle size of the nano-ceramic particles is 50nm~100nm. The particle size of the nano-ceramic particles refers to Dv 50 , Dv 50 It refers to the particle size value corresponding to the cumulative volume accounting for 50% of the total particle volume after all particles are arranged from small to large in the volume distribution of particle size.

[0034] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the material of the lubricating layer 1 further includes nano-ceramic particles, wherein: the nano-ceramic particles include at least one of Si3N4, ZrO2, TiN, and SiC.

[0035] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the material of the lubricating layer 1 further includes nano-ceramic particles, wherein: the mass proportion of the nano-ceramic particles in the lubricating layer 1 is 3% to 5%.

[0036] Nano-ceramic particles can reduce the friction coefficient of the lubricated bearing 100 and enhance its wear resistance, making the lubricated bearing 100 more self-lubricating and increasing its service life. The nano-ceramic particles have a particle size within this range, which can significantly increase their specific surface area and surface energy. They can be evenly dispersed in the lubricating layer to form a nano-scale reinforcement phase. Selecting at least one of the above nano-ceramic particles can further improve wear resistance and improve resistance to hydrogen damage. The mass proportion of the nano-ceramic particles in the lubricating layer 1 within this range can achieve a balanced performance.

[0037] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the mass proportion of the carbon fiber in the lubricating layer 1 material is 25% to 35%, which can improve the self-lubricating performance of the lubricating bearing 100.

[0038] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the copper alloy includes at least one of a copper-zirconium alloy and a copper-chromium alloy. Using at least one of the above copper alloys can improve the thermal conductivity of the lubricated bearing 100 and reduce high-temperature aging.

[0039] Combined with the first aspect, such as Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the inner surface of the lubricating layer 1 is further provided with a concave hole array 11. The concave hole array 11 is provided on the inner surface of the lubricating layer 1, so that the dynamic pressure effect generated when the lubricating fluid flows can enhance the carrying capacity of the water film, thereby reducing the friction coefficient, increasing the service life of the lubricated bearing 100, and realizing self-repairing lubrication, wherein: the diameter of the concave hole is 50~200μm. Within this range, the diameter of the concave hole does not interfere with the flow of the lubricating fluid, and can also improve the carrying capacity of the lubricating fluid water film.

[0040] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the inner surface of the lubricating layer 1 is further provided with a concave hole array 11, and the concave hole array 11 includes a plurality of concave holes. The concave hole array 11 is set on the inner surface of the lubricating layer 1, wherein: the depth of the concave holes is 10~50μm. The depth of the concave holes is within this range, which can further improve the carrying capacity of the lubricating fluid water film while reducing the impact on the strength of the lubricated bearing 100.

[0041] The lubricating bearing 100 may be a main bearing of a crankshaft of a hydrogen internal combustion engine, a bearing of a hydrogen fuel injector, or a bearing of an air compression pump of a hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0042] The heat-conducting layer 2 and the protective layer 3 can be connected by vacuum diffusion welding to improve the tightness of the connection. The heat-conducting layer 2 and the lubricating layer 1 can be formed by hot pressing (350° C. / 10 MPa).

[0043] In a second aspect, the present application provides a hydrogen internal combustion engine comprising the lubricated bearing of the first aspect.

[0044] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some embodiments provided by the application, the hydrogen internal combustion engine includes a lubrication system, and the lubrication system includes a lubricating fluid circulation module and a pressure control module, wherein: The lubricating fluid circulation module includes a water pump, a filter device, a heat exchanger, a pH adjustment unit and connecting pipes; The pressure regulation module includes a PID controller for regulating the pressure of the water pump and the speed of the hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0045] By regulating the pressure of the water pump and the speed of the hydrogen internal combustion engine through the PID controller, the operating condition of the lubrication system can be adjusted according to actual conditions, thereby increasing the service life of the lubrication system.

[0046] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some embodiments provided by the application, the lubricating fluid in the lubrication system includes a water-based lubricating fluid. This water-based lubricating fluid can lubricate and reduce friction, provide cooling and heat dissipation, prevent rust and corrosion, and is environmentally friendly. In conjunction with the second aspect, in some embodiments provided by the application, the lubricating fluid in the lubrication system has a filtration accuracy of ≤5μm, which can improve the cleanliness and chemical stability of the lubricating fluid and extend the service life of the lubricated bearing.

[0047] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments provided by the application, a corrosion inhibitor is also added to the lubricating fluid in the lubrication system to reduce the electrochemical corrosion of the lubricated bearings by the lubricating fluid.

[0048] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments provided by the application, the water-based lubricating fluid includes at least one of liquid paraffin and poly-α-olefin (PAO).

[0049] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments provided by the application, the corrosion inhibitor includes at least one of sodium benzoate, molybdate, and tungstate.

[0050] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some embodiments provided by the application, the pressure of the lubricating fluid in the water pump is 1-8 MPa. Maintaining the lubricating fluid pressure at 1-8 MPa can form a basic fluid dynamic pressure film to reduce direct contact wear, drive the lubricating fluid circulation, and remove frictional heat.

[0051] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some embodiments provided by the application, a PID controller is used to match the speed and load changes of the hydrogen internal combustion engine in real time to maintain the lubricating film thickness within the lubrication system at or above 2 μm. Maintaining a lubricating film thickness within the lubrication system at or above 2 μm can achieve complete fluid isolation from the metal surface, and the friction coefficient enters a minimum plateau.

[0052] A hydrogen barrier coating (such as Al2O3 ceramic coating) can also be installed at the connection between the lubricated bearing and the lubrication pipeline to reduce hydrogen penetration and cause material embrittlement.

[0053] In some embodiments provided by the application, taking the crankshaft main bearing of a hydrogen internal combustion engine as an example, the following can be adopted: Protective layer: 316L stainless steel, plasma nitrided (surface hardness ≥ 1000 HV).

[0054] Thermal conductive layer: Copper-zirconium alloy thermal conductive sheet (thickness 1 mm), connected to the protective layer by vacuum diffusion welding.

[0055] Lubricating layer: CF / PEEK (carbon fiber content 30% by mass), doped with 10% by mass of nano-Si3N4 particles, formed by hot pressing (350℃ / 10 MPa), and the inner surface is provided with a concave hole array with a diameter of 50μm and a depth of 10μm.

[0056] Water pump pressure range: 1~8 MPa (automatically adjusted according to speed).

[0057] Heat exchanger: Aluminum microchannel structure, filtration accuracy ≤ 5μm, cooling water flow rate with 0.1% mass fraction of phosphate corrosion inhibitor added is 10 L / min, and the lubricating water outlet temperature is controlled below 60℃.

[0058] Start-up phase: The water pump pre-fills lubricating water, and the pressure rises to 1.5 MPa to form an initial lubricating film.

[0059] Operation phase: Sensors monitor bearing temperature and vibration in real time, and dynamically adjust water pressure and cooling flow.

[0060] Shutdown stage: Open the drain valve to drain the remaining water and inject nitrogen to prevent rust.

[0061] Taking hydrogen fuel injector bearings as an example, the following can be used: Protective layer: Inconel 625 substrate, plasma nitrided (surface hardness ≥ 1000 HV).

[0062] Thermal conductive layer: Copper-chromium alloy thermal conductive sheet (thickness 1.5 mm), connected to the protective layer by vacuum diffusion welding.

[0063] Lubricating layer: CF / PEEK (carbon fiber content 30% by mass in the mixed material), doped with 10% by mass of nano-Si3N4 particles, formed by hot pressing (380℃ / 8 MPa), and the inner surface is provided with a concave hole array with a diameter of 100μm and a depth of 50μm.

[0064] Water pump pressure range: 1~8 MPa (automatically adjusted according to speed).

[0065] Heat exchanger: Aluminum microchannel structure, filtration accuracy ≤5μm, cooling water flow rate with 0.3% mass fraction of borate corrosion inhibitor added is 12L / min, pH value is maintained at 8~9, and lubricating water outlet temperature is controlled below 60℃.

[0066] Start-up phase: The water pump pre-fills lubricating water, and the pressure rises to 1.5 MPa to form an initial lubricating film.

[0067] Operation phase: Sensors monitor bearing temperature and vibration in real time, and dynamically adjust water pressure and cooling flow.

[0068] Shutdown stage: Open the drain valve to drain the remaining water and inject nitrogen to prevent rust.

[0069] Through the concave pore structure and nano-particle carbon reinforcement materials, the carrying capacity of the lubricating liquid water film can be increased by about 40% compared with existing lubricated bearings, and the friction coefficient can be reduced to 0.0003~0.001. The friction coefficient of existing lubricated bearings is 0.02~0.05.

[0070] In summary, nitriding the outer layer of the alloy material can improve the lubricated bearing's resistance to hydrogen permeation and reduce hydrogen damage and aging. Furthermore, using a copper alloy in the middle layer provides a heat conduction channel, quickly transferring frictional heat from the lubricated bearing to the external cooling system, reducing bearing overheating and failure. Using a carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone composite as the lubricating layer enhances wear resistance and extends the service life of the lubricated bearing.

[0071] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "lower" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0072] It should be noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0073] The foregoing is merely a list of specific embodiments of the present application, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the present application.

Claims

1. A lubricating bearing, characterized in that: In the thickness direction, it includes the following arranged from the inside to the outside: The lubricating layer comprises a carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone composite material; a heat-conducting layer, the material of which includes a copper alloy; and The protective layer is made of a nitrided alloy material, wherein the alloy material includes at least one of 316L stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, Q345D stainless steel and Inconel 625 stainless steel.

2. The lubricating bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that The material of the lubricating layer also includes nano ceramic particles, wherein: The particle size of the nano-ceramic particles is 50 nm to 100 nm; and / or, The nano ceramic particles include at least one of Si3N4, ZrO2, TiN and SiC; and / or, The mass proportion of the nano-ceramic particles in the lubricating layer is 3% to 5%.

3. The lubricating bearing according to claim 1, wherein: The mass proportion of the carbon fibers in the lubricating layer is 25% to 35%; and / or, The copper alloy includes at least one of a copper-zirconium alloy and a copper-chromium alloy.

4. The lubricating bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that The inner surface of the lubricating layer is further provided with a concave hole array, wherein the concave hole array includes a plurality of concave holes, wherein: The diameter of the concave hole is 50-200 μm; and / or, The depth of the concave hole is 10-50 μm.

5. A hydrogen internal combustion engine, characterized in that: Comprising the lubricated bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that The lubrication system includes a lubrication fluid circulation module and a pressure control module, wherein: The lubricating fluid circulation module includes a water pump, a filter device, a heat exchanger, a pH adjustment unit and connecting pipes; The pressure regulation module includes a PID controller for regulating the pressure of the water pump and the speed of the hydrogen internal combustion engine.

7. The hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 6, wherein: The lubricating fluid in the lubricating system includes a water-based lubricating fluid; and / or, The filtration accuracy of the lubricating fluid in the lubricating system is ≤5 μm; and / or, A corrosion inhibitor is also added to the lubricating fluid in the lubricating system.

8. The hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 7, wherein: The water-based lubricating fluid comprises at least one of liquid paraffin and poly-alpha-olefin (PAO); and / or, The corrosion inhibitor includes at least one of sodium benzoate, molybdate and tungstate.

9. The hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 6, wherein: The pressure of the lubricating fluid in the water pump is 1-8 MPa.

10. The hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 6, wherein The PID controller is used to match the speed and load changes of the hydrogen internal combustion engine in real time to maintain the lubricating film thickness in the lubrication system greater than or equal to 2μm.

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