Stroke-sectioned adjustable variable-damping inflatable hydraulic multi-damping device

Abstract

The invention relates to a stroke-sectioned adjustable variable-damping inflatable hydraulic multi-damping device, and belongs to the technical field of vibration control. Comprising a roll shaft support assembly, a working cylinder assembly, a spring damping assembly and a piston mechanism assembly. The working cylinder assembly is mainly composed of a connecting pull ring, a main liquid storage cylinder, a limiting device, tightness adjusting threads, a piston rod connecting position, an auxiliary liquid storage cylinder and an air storage cylinder. The spring damping assembly is mainly composed of an adjusting spinning roller, a damping spring, a spinning roller damping gasket and a spring damping gasket. The piston mechanism assembly is composed of a piston rod and driving pistons on the two sides. The roller shaft support assembly is composed of a roller shaft fixing support and a pin. Through mechanism linkage of the liquid storage cylinder and the air storage cylinder, the inflatable hydraulic damping device is formed, and the purposes of damping changing and vibration reduction are achieved. The shock resistance and the transmission efficiency of a vibration reduction system can be improved, the energy consumption effect, the structural rigidity and the stability are enhanced, and the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to implement and the like are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a shock absorbing device, in particular to a stroke segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorbing device, belonging to the field of vibration control technology. Background Art

[0002] Vibration control is a significant technical challenge in civil engineering, particularly in buildings and bridge structures. Vibration not only impacts the proper operation and stability of structures but can also cause noise pollution and shorten their lifespan. Therefore, effectively isolating and reducing vibration is crucial to improving system performance and reliability.

[0003] Currently, mainstream traditional shock absorbers include viscous dampers, friction dampers, and metal dampers. During operation, a traditional viscous damper's piston rod continuously extends and retracts within the cylinder, causing the damping fluid in the cylinder to continuously flow up and down through the valve disc in the valve body, cushioning impact forces and mitigating vibrations. Since the piston rod's extension into the cylinder reduces the cylinder's volume, the cylinder cannot be completely filled with damping fluid. Furthermore, during use, shock absorbers inevitably experience leakage and other factors, resulting in oil loss. This causes the damping fluid in the cylinder to decrease. When vibration amplitude is high, the oil flow in the cylinder lags behind, easily creating a vacuum beneath the piston and causing lost motion within the cylinder. Furthermore, the mixing of liquid and gas in the cylinder causes the damping fluid to emulsify, increasing its volume and preventing the piston from reaching its original lower position, increasing compression damping to unacceptable levels. Furthermore, the emulsified damping fluid can easily generate noise and vibration when passing through the valve disc. Especially at low temperatures, this poor flow of damping fluid through the valve disc severely impacts the shock absorption effect. The elastic element of traditional viscous dampers generally uses a coiled steel wire spring. The characteristics of the coiled steel wire spring change simply, the stiffness is linear, and the spring stiffness coefficient cannot be changed. In addition, the design does not take into account the idea of multi-stage energy consumption, but only a single energy consumption mode. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above-mentioned defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a stroke-segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorption device to solve the defects of the existing viscous damper in the prior art, such as the damping fluid is inconvenient to replenish, the gas pressure and damping coefficient and spring stiffness coefficient are fixed, and the energy consumption mode is single, and it cannot dynamically adapt to the changes in the parameters of the engineering structure itself or the changes in the surrounding environment. The multi-level energy consumption of the damper is realized, the damper can be adjusted in multiple ways, and the vibration reduction effect of the damper is effectively guaranteed.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A stroke segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorbing device, the shock absorbing device comprising a roller support assembly, a working cylinder assembly, a spring shock absorbing assembly and a piston mechanism assembly; The two oppositely arranged working cylinder assemblies are connected together through the piston mechanism assembly, and the outer ends of the working cylinder assemblies are respectively connected to the main beam and the bridge pier through the roller support assembly; the spring shock absorber assembly is sleeved on the two oppositely arranged working cylinder assemblies and the piston mechanism assembly; The working cylinder assembly mainly consists of a connecting pull ring, a main liquid reservoir, a limiting device, a tensioning thread, a piston rod connection, a secondary liquid reservoir, and an air reservoir; the connecting pull ring, the main liquid reservoir, and the piston rod connection are sequentially connected; the main liquid reservoir is connected to the secondary liquid reservoir, and the secondary liquid reservoir is connected to the air reservoir; the main liquid reservoir is filled with damping fluid; the limiting device is installed in the middle of the outer wall of the main liquid reservoir to prevent the piston mechanism assembly from being damaged by excessive displacement; the tensioning thread is arranged between the limiting devices of the two working cylinder assemblies and is used to adjust the stiffness of the spring damping assembly; the connecting pull ring is connected to the roller support assembly; The spring shock absorber assembly is mainly composed of an adjusting wheel and a shock absorber spring; the adjusting wheel is installed on the tightening and loosening thread outside the main liquid storage cylinder, and a limit device is provided on the outside; the shock absorber spring is sleeved on the working cylinder assembly and the piston mechanism assembly between the two adjusting wheels; The wheel shock-absorbing gasket is installed on the inner side of the adjusting wheel and is made of energy-absorbing material to absorb the kinetic energy of the spring; the spring shock-absorbing gasket is installed on both sides of the shock-absorbing spring and is made of energy-absorbing material to absorb the kinetic energy of the spring; the outer side of the spring shock-absorbing gasket is in contact with the wheel shock-absorbing gasket.

[0006] Furthermore, the roller support assembly consists of a roller fixed support and a pin; the pin passes through the roller fixed support and the connecting pull ring on the outside of the working cylinder assembly.

[0007] Furthermore, a main-and-auxiliary-cylinder communicating pipe is connected between the main liquid storage cylinder and the auxiliary liquid storage cylinder, and a gas-liquid communicating pipe is connected between the auxiliary liquid storage cylinder and the gas storage cylinder.

[0008] Furthermore, a liquid injection hole is provided at the bottom of the auxiliary liquid storage cylinder to facilitate the replenishment and replacement of the damping liquid; a gas storage cylinder floating piston is provided inside the gas storage cylinder, and damping liquid and high-pressure gas are provided on both sides of the gas storage cylinder floating piston respectively; an air injection hole is provided at the end of the gas storage cylinder to facilitate the replenishment and replacement of the high-pressure gas.

[0009] Furthermore, the piston rod connection is arranged at the end of the main liquid storage cylinder, and the intersection of the two is a variable cross-section, which is convenient for the installation of the piston mechanism assembly and is not prone to leakage.

[0010] Furthermore, the spring shock-absorbing assembly also includes a spring shock-absorbing gasket and a rotary wheel shock-absorbing gasket; the rotary wheel shock-absorbing gasket is installed on the inner side of the adjusting rotary wheel and is made of energy-absorbing material to absorb the kinetic energy of the spring; the spring shock-absorbing gasket is installed on both sides of the shock-absorbing spring and is made of energy-absorbing material to absorb the kinetic energy of the spring; the outer side of the spring shock-absorbing gasket is in contact with the rotary wheel shock-absorbing gasket.

[0011] Furthermore, the piston mechanism assembly consists of a piston rod and driving pistons on both sides; a portion of the piston rod is inserted into the main liquid storage cylinder through the piston rod connection, and a portion is exposed to the outside; the driving piston is arranged inside the main liquid storage cylinder to push the damping fluid to flow.

[0012] Furthermore, a throttle hole is provided on the piston mechanism assembly, and the throttle hole is provided on the driving piston for changing the flow area of the damping fluid to generate pressure.

[0013] The driving piston starts to move during shock absorption, pumping the damping fluid in the main and auxiliary liquid storage cylinders into the air storage cylinder, and squeezing the floating piston of the air storage cylinder to move, thereby compressing the high-pressure gas, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the vehicle. When the damping fluid flows to the main and auxiliary cylinder connecting pipes, the gas-liquid connecting pipe and the throttle hole with small gaps, it will also accelerate the temperature increase and absorb the energy of the vibration.

[0014] Furthermore, the shock absorbing devices are arranged in multiple groups along the bridge direction and are located between the supports on both sides.

[0015] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: The invention proposes a stroke-segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device that can provide sufficient damping force and multiple energy dissipation forms. An adjustment wheel, spring shock-absorbing gasket, and wheel shock-absorbing gasket are provided in the spring shock-absorbing assembly to improve the energy dissipation capacity of the entire system. The adjustment wheel can also be used to adjust the stiffness of the shock-absorbing spring according to the operating environment. The liquid and gas storage cylinders in the working cylinder assembly are provided with liquid and gas injection holes. When the damping fluid needs to be replenished or replaced, this can be conveniently done through the liquid injection holes. When the gas in the gas storage cylinder needs to adjust its pressure and damping coefficient, it can be injected or deflated through the gas injection holes. External high-pressure gas fills the gas storage cylinder cavity, increasing the pressure in the gas storage cylinder, causing the floating piston to move toward the liquid storage cylinder, pushing the damping fluid on one side into the liquid storage cylinder cavity, thereby applying a reaction force to the shock absorber piston rod. This design allows for multiple adjustments to the damping device, including adjustable elastic element stiffness and gas pressure, and facilitates the replenishment and replacement of working fluids, significantly improving the performance and adaptability of the nonlinear stiffness damper. Consequently, the adjustable nonlinear stiffness damper can maintain efficient damping performance in diverse environments, meeting the needs of a wide range of application scenarios.

[0016] 1. This invention achieves multiple energy dissipation behaviors through the coordinated operation of a spring damper assembly, a piston mechanism assembly, and a working cylinder assembly. By connecting the piston mechanism assembly and spring damper assembly in parallel, and the liquid reservoir and gas reservoir in series, and integrating the reservoir's movable piston, drive piston, and spring damper gasket material, the spring and piston rod move during operation, driving the flow of damping fluid, which in turn causes the floating piston of the gas reservoir to move. The presence of high-pressure gas in the gas reservoir utilizes the expansion and compression of the gas, leveraging the upward and downward movement of the floating piston to compensate for changes in the hydraulic chamber volume caused by the piston rod's movement. This further enhances the damping device's deformation amplification effect and achieves multi-stage efficiency in energy dissipation. 2. The spring assembly used in this invention features an adjustable spring stiffness using an adjustment wheel, resolving the issue with traditional elastic elements, which prevent them from achieving variable spring stiffness coefficients. The stiffness of the shock-absorbing spring can be adjusted based on the operating environment. 3. The air storage cylinder of this invention has an air injection hole at the bottom. When the air pressure and damping coefficient of the air storage cylinder need to be adjusted, the air can be easily filled or released through the air injection hole, achieving adjustable air pressure. 4. The auxiliary reservoir of this invention has a liquid injection hole at the bottom. When the damping fluid needs to be replenished or replaced, it can be operated through the liquid injection hole, which facilitates installation and maintenance and effectively solves the problems of traditional viscous damper cylinder backlash, damping fluid emulsion, and damping fluid leakage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1This is a transverse layout diagram of a segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device of the present invention installed on a bridge structure; Figure 2 This is a longitudinal layout diagram of a segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device of the present invention installed on a bridge structure; Figure 3 This is an overall front view of a stroke segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorbing device of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional view of a roller support assembly of a stroke segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorbing device of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional view of the working cylinder assembly of a stroke segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorbing device of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional view of a spring shock-absorbing assembly of a stroke-segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional view of a piston mechanism assembly of a stroke segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorbing device of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a partial three-dimensional view of a spring damping gasket of a stroke-segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock-absorbing device of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a finite element mesh division diagram of a stroke segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorbing device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a stress-strain relationship diagram of a spring shock-absorbing gasket of a stroke-segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock-absorbing device of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a loading system diagram of cyclic reciprocating loading of a stroke segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorbing device of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a hysteresis curve diagram of a stroke segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorbing device of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a graph of seismic waves input after a segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device of the present invention is installed on a bridge structure; Figure 14 This is a comparison diagram of the pier bottom bending moment time history curve of a stroke segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock-absorbing device of the present invention and the time history curve without the present invention installed; Figure 15This is a schematic diagram of the shock absorption principle of an embodiment of a stroke segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorption device of the present invention; Figure 16 The present invention is a flow chart of calculation of a stroke segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorbing device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following is combined with Figure 1-16 The present invention will be further described in detail with specific implementations to facilitate a clear understanding of the present invention, but they do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; and direct or indirect connections through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0021] Example As attached Figure 1-8 As shown in FIG. 1 , a stroke segmented adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorbing device of this embodiment comprises a roller support assembly 51, a working cylinder assembly 52, a spring shock absorbing assembly 53 and a piston mechanism assembly 54. Figure 3 shown.

[0022] The two oppositely arranged working cylinder assemblies 52 are connected together through a piston mechanism assembly 54, and the outer ends of the working cylinder assemblies 52 are connected to the main beam 1 and the bridge pier 4 respectively through the roller support assembly 51. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown. The spring damping assembly 53 is sleeved on the two working cylinder assemblies 52 and the piston mechanism assembly 54 that are arranged opposite to each other. Figure 4 As shown, the roller support assembly 51 is composed of a roller fixed support 511 and a pin 512. The pin 512 passes through the roller fixed support 511 and the connecting pull ring 521 outside the working cylinder assembly 52.

[0023] like Figure 5As shown, the working cylinder assembly 52 primarily consists of a connecting ring 521, a main fluid reservoir 522, a stopper 523, a tensioning thread 524, a piston rod connection 525, a secondary fluid reservoir 527, and an air reservoir 5210. The connecting ring 521, the main fluid reservoir 522, and the piston rod connection 525 are sequentially connected. The main fluid reservoir 522 is connected to the secondary fluid reservoir 527, which in turn is connected to the air reservoir 5210. The main fluid reservoir 522 is filled with damping fluid. The stopper 523 is mounted in the middle of the outer wall of the main fluid reservoir 522 to prevent the piston mechanism assembly 54 from excessive displacement and causing damage. The tensioning thread 524 is located between the stopper 523 of the two working cylinder assemblies 52 and is used to adjust the stiffness of the spring damper assembly 53. The connecting ring 521 is connected to the roller support assembly 51. A main-sub-cylinder connecting pipe 526 connects the main liquid reservoir 522 and the auxiliary liquid reservoir 527, while a gas-liquid connecting pipe 529 connects the auxiliary liquid reservoir 527 and the air reservoir 5210. A liquid injection hole 528 is provided at the bottom of the auxiliary liquid reservoir 527 to facilitate the replenishment and replacement of the damping fluid. A floating piston 5211 is installed within the air reservoir 5210, with damping fluid and high-pressure gas placed on either side of the floating piston 5211. A gas injection hole 5212 is provided at the end of the air reservoir 5210 to facilitate the replenishment and replacement of the high-pressure gas.

[0024] In this embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the piston rod connection 525 is set at the end of the main liquid storage cylinder 522, and the intersection of the two is a variable cross-section, which is convenient for the installation of the piston mechanism assembly 54 and is not easy to leak.

[0025] like Figure 6 The spring shock-absorbing assembly 53 mainly consists of an adjusting wheel 531 and a shock-absorbing spring 532. The adjusting wheel 531 is mounted on the tightening and loosening thread 524 on the outside of the main liquid storage cylinder 522, and a limiting device 523 is provided on the outside. The shock-absorbing spring 532 is sleeved on the working cylinder assembly 52 and the piston mechanism assembly 54 between the two adjusting wheels 531. The wheel shock-absorbing gasket 534 is mounted on the inside of the adjusting wheel 531 and is made of energy-absorbing material to absorb the kinetic energy of the spring. The spring shock-absorbing gasket 533 is mounted on both sides of the shock-absorbing spring 532 and is made of energy-absorbing material to absorb the kinetic energy of the spring. The outer side of the spring shock-absorbing gasket 533 is in contact with the wheel shock-absorbing gasket 534.

[0026] like Figure 7 As shown, the piston mechanism assembly 54 consists of a piston rod 542 and two drive pistons 541. Piston rod 542 is partially inserted into the main reservoir cylinder 522 through piston rod connection 525, while a portion is exposed to the outside. Drive piston 541 is located within main reservoir cylinder 522, pushing the damping fluid through the cylinder. The piston mechanism assembly 54 also has a throttle orifice 543, located on the drive piston 541, which is used to change the flow area of the damping fluid to generate pressure.

[0027] In this embodiment, the driving piston 541 starts to move when shock absorption is performed, and the damping fluid in the main liquid storage cylinder 522 and the auxiliary liquid storage cylinder 527 is pumped into the air storage cylinder 5210, and the floating piston 5211 of the air storage cylinder is squeezed to move, thereby compressing the high-pressure gas, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the vehicle. When the damping fluid flows to the main and auxiliary cylinder connecting pipes 526, the gas-liquid connecting pipe 529 and the throttle hole 543 with small gaps, it will also accelerate the temperature increase and absorb the energy of the vibration.

[0028] In this embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the shock absorbing devices are arranged in two groups along the bridge direction and are located between the supports 2 on both sides.

[0029] For details, see the attached Figure 5 In this embodiment, the main liquid storage cylinder 522 is a cylindrical member with an outer diameter of 60 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, a thickness of 10 mm, and a length of 500 mm. Figure 6 In this embodiment, the energy absorbing material shock absorbing pad 533 is made of a soft matrix mixed cellular material. The specific form is shown in FIG. Figure 8 , its constitutive relation is shown in the attached Figure 10 , which is a circular member with an outer diameter of 50mm, an inner diameter of 30mm and a thickness of 20mm. The floating piston 5210 of the air storage cylinder is a cylindrical member with a diameter of 20mm and a thickness of 10mm. The damping fluid in the main liquid storage cylinder 522 and the auxiliary liquid storage cylinder 527 is liquid silicone oil with a mechanical property of density ρ =1.0g / cm 3 , damping coefficient c =20kN / (m / s), damping index α =0.5. The high pressure gas in the gas storage cylinder 5210 is high pressure nitrogen gas, and its mechanical properties are pressure P 0=10MPa, density is 1.25046g / L, melting point is -209.8℃.

[0030] Comparative Example The most widely used high-speed railway bridge is the 32m span simply supported box girder. According to statistics, the 32m span simply supported girder of the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway accounts for more than 90% of its total bridge mileage. Therefore, the embodiment of this specification takes the 32m railway simply supported box girder as an example, and the total weight of the superstructure is 600t. The principle diagram is shown in FIG. Figure 15 .

[0031] When installing a stroke segmented adjustable variable damping gas-filled hydraulic multiple shock absorber (hereinafter referred to as damper, see Figure 16When a bridge structure vibrates, vertical loads are primarily borne by the supports, while longitudinal bridge loads are borne by support friction and the dampers. In this example, the damping effect of a pneumatic, hydraulic, multi-stage, adjustable, variable-damping damping device with a travel segment was analyzed and compared with that of a device without such a damping device.

[0032] The basic form of the motion equation after installing the damper is as follows: (1) Where: M : Equivalent mass of the bridge (kg).

[0033] C : Intrinsic damping coefficient of the bridge structure (N·s / m).

[0034] K : Bridge structure stiffness (N / m).

[0035] F N2 : Nonlinear force generated by the gas spring (N).

[0036] F d : Energy dissipation capacity of the shock absorbing material (N).

[0037] F ext ( t ): External excitation (such as earthquake load) (N).

[0038] The gas spring force model has formulas (2)-(3): (2) Where: P 0: Initial gas pressure (Pa).

[0039] A : Piston effective area (m²).

[0040] V 0: Initial air chamber volume (m³).

[0041] γ : Gas adiabatic index (≈1.4).

[0042] x : Piston displacement (m).

[0043] The differential form (used for transient analysis) is formula (3): (3) The energy dissipation equation of the shock-absorbing material is as follows: (4)-(5) (4) c : Viscous damping coefficient (N·s / m) f y : Yield strength (N) The energy consumption integral (single cycle energy consumption) is as follows: (5) The gas spring is coupled with the energy-dissipating material, and the total damping force of the system is: (6) The nonlinear differential equations can be obtained: (7) The adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple shock absorber device with segmented travel is simulated by finite element simulation. Figure 9 As shown, it is loaded cyclically, where the loading system is as follows Figure 11 As shown, the hysteresis curve and skeleton curve of the damper are obtained as Figure 12 shown.

[0044] In order to obtain the damping effect of the adjustable variable damping pneumatic hydraulic multiple damping device with segmented travel, the finite element simulation software was used to simulate the bridge under earthquake action without dampers and after installing dampers, considering the friction effect. The input seismic wave is as follows: Figure 13 As shown, the time history curve of the pier bottom bending moment and the damping rate are obtained as follows Figure 14 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the pier bottom bending moment damping rate after the damper is installed reaches 78.3%. The calculation flow chart is shown in Figure 16 .

[0045] It should be noted that in the schematic diagrams and embodiments of this application, the damping liquid and gas are silicone oil and high-pressure nitrogen, but they are not limited thereto in specific implementations.

[0046] The above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any formal limitation on the structure of the present invention. The layout and number of the present invention are not limited to this example and can be optimized according to actual engineering practices. Any modifications, equivalent changes, and decorations to the above embodiment based on the technical principles of the present invention that do not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stroke-segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device, characterized by: The shock absorbing device comprises a roller support assembly (51), a working cylinder assembly (52), a spring shock absorbing assembly (53) and a piston mechanism assembly (54); The two working cylinder assemblies (52) arranged opposite to each other are connected together via the piston mechanism assembly (54), and the outer ends of the working cylinder assemblies (52) are respectively connected to the main beam (1) and the bridge pier (4) via the roller support assembly (51); the spring damping assembly (53) is sleeved on the two working cylinder assemblies (52) and the piston mechanism assembly (54) arranged opposite to each other; The working cylinder assembly (52) mainly consists of a connecting pull ring (521), a main liquid storage cylinder (522), a limit device (523), a loosening and tightening thread (524), a piston rod connection (525), an auxiliary liquid storage cylinder (527), and an air storage cylinder (5210); the connecting pull ring (521), the main liquid storage cylinder (522), and the piston rod connection (525) are connected in sequence; the main liquid storage cylinder (522) and the auxiliary liquid storage cylinder (527) are connected, and the auxiliary liquid storage cylinder (527) and the air storage cylinder (5210) are connected. The main liquid storage cylinder (522) is connected to the main liquid storage cylinder (5210); the main liquid storage cylinder (522) is filled with damping liquid; the limiting device (523) is installed in the middle position of the outer wall of the main liquid storage cylinder (522) to prevent the piston mechanism assembly (54) from being displaced too much and causing damage; the tightening thread (524) is set in the middle of the limiting device (523) of the two working cylinder assemblies (52) and is used to adjust the stiffness of the spring shock absorber assembly (53); the connecting pull ring (521) is connected to the roller support assembly (51); The spring damping assembly (53) mainly consists of an adjusting wheel (531) and a damping spring (532); the adjusting wheel (531) is mounted on a loosening and tightening thread (524) on the outside of the main liquid storage cylinder (522), and a limiting device (523) is provided on the outside; the damping spring (532) is sleeved on the working cylinder assembly (52) and the piston mechanism assembly (54) between the two adjusting wheels (531).

2. The stroke-segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roller support assembly (51) is composed of a roller fixed support (511) and a pin (512); the pin (512) passes through a connecting pull ring (521) on the outside of the roller fixed support (511) and the working cylinder assembly (52).

3. The stroke-segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A main-and-auxiliary-cylinder connecting pipe (526) is connected between the main liquid storage cylinder (522) and the auxiliary liquid storage cylinder (527), and a gas-liquid connecting pipe (529) is connected between the auxiliary liquid storage cylinder (527) and the gas storage cylinder (5210).

4. The stroke-segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The auxiliary liquid storage cylinder (527) has a liquid injection hole (528) at the bottom thereof, facilitating the replenishment and replacement of the damping liquid; the gas storage cylinder (5210) is provided with a gas storage cylinder floating piston (5211) inside thereof, with damping liquid and high-pressure gas respectively provided on both sides of the gas storage cylinder floating piston (5211); and the end of the gas storage cylinder (5210) is provided with a gas injection hole (5212) to facilitate the replenishment and replacement of the high-pressure gas.

5. The stroke-segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston rod connection (525) is arranged at the end of the main liquid storage cylinder (522), and the intersection of the two has a variable cross-section, which facilitates the installation of the piston mechanism assembly (54) and is not prone to leakage.

6. The stroke-segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spring damping assembly (53) further includes a spring damping gasket (533) and a rotary wheel damping gasket (534); the rotary wheel damping gasket (534) is mounted on the inner side of the adjusting rotary wheel (531) and is made of an energy-absorbing material to absorb the kinetic energy of the spring; the spring damping gasket (533) is mounted on both sides of the damping spring (532) and is made of an energy-absorbing material to absorb the kinetic energy of the spring; the outer side of the spring damping gasket (533) is in contact with the rotary wheel damping gasket (534).

7. The stroke-segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The piston mechanism assembly (54) is composed of a piston rod (542) and driving pistons (541) on both sides; a portion of the piston rod (542) is inserted into the main liquid storage cylinder (522) through the piston rod connection (525), and a portion is exposed to the outside; the driving piston (541) is arranged inside the main liquid storage cylinder (522) to promote the movement of the damping fluid.

8. The stroke-segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The piston mechanism assembly (54) is further provided with a throttle hole (543), which is provided on the driving piston (541) and is used to change the flow area of the damping fluid to generate pressure.

9. The stroke-segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The driving piston (541) starts to move when performing shock absorption, and injects the damping fluid in the main liquid storage cylinder (522) and the auxiliary liquid storage cylinder (527) into the gas storage cylinder (5210), and squeezes the floating piston (5211) of the gas storage cylinder to move, thereby compressing the high-pressure gas, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the vehicle. When the damping fluid flows to the main and auxiliary cylinder connecting pipes (526), the gas-liquid connecting pipe (529) and the throttle hole (543) with small gaps, it will also accelerate the temperature increase and absorb the energy of the vibration.

10. The stroke-segmented, adjustable, variable-damping, pneumatic, hydraulic, multiple shock-absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shock absorbing devices are arranged in multiple groups along the bridge direction and are located between the supports (2) on both sides.

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