Multi-channel air conditioning system and operation control method thereof

Abstract

A multi-channel air conditioning system comprises a multi-channel unit, a central controller, a man-machine interaction terminal and an alarm module. The multi-channel unit comprises at least three mutually independent ventilation channels, and each channel is provided with a fan, an air inlet side electric sealing valve, an air outlet side electric sealing valve and a sensor array; the central controller is connected with the fan, the electric closed valve and the sensor array of each channel, and the central controller dynamically distributes the ventilation channel as a main channel, a standby channel or a dormant channel according to sensor data; when the real-time cleanliness of the main channel is lower than a set threshold value or the resistance of the filter exceeds a final resistance threshold value, channel switching is triggered; and the man-machine interaction terminal is connected with the central controller and is used for receiving the input of the cleanliness threshold value, the final resistance threshold value and the channel priority.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air-conditioning systems, and in particular discloses a multi-channel air-conditioning system and an operation control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Although traditional central air-conditioning systems (such as multi-split VRV / VRV systems) have achieved flexible "one-to-many" control, their core still relies on a single refrigerant circulation pipeline and centralized indoor and outdoor units. However, they have the following limitations: the single-channel design is prone to system shutdown due to problems such as filter blockage and fan failure, and there is a lack of a redundant switching mechanism; energy efficiency optimization is insufficient. Although traditional frequency conversion technology can adjust the compressor speed, it does not dynamically distribute the load based on multi-dimensional parameters such as time-of-use electricity prices and filter life; equipment failures rely on manual inspections, and there is a lack of predictive maintenance strategies based on health indices (such as pressure difference and current harmonics). Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-channel air-conditioning system and an operation control method thereof.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, a multi-channel air-conditioning system of the present invention includes a central controller, a human-computer interaction terminal, an alarm module and a multi-channel unit; the multi-channel unit includes at least three independent ventilation channels, each channel is provided with a fan, an electric sealed valve on the air inlet side, an electric sealed valve on the air outlet side, and a sensor array; the central controller is electrically connected to the fan, the electric sealed valve on the air inlet side, the electric sealed valve on the air outlet side and the sensor array of each channel, and the central controller dynamically allocates the channels as main channels, backup channels or dormant channels according to the sensor array; when the real-time cleanliness of the main channel is lower than the set threshold or the filter resistance exceeds the final resistance threshold, channel switching is triggered; the human-computer interaction terminal is connected to the central controller and is used to receive inputs of the cleanliness threshold, the final resistance threshold and the channel priority; the alarm module is electrically connected to the central controller, and when the fan of each channel fails, the electric sealed valve is not closed and the sensor array data is abnormal, the central controller triggers the alarm module, and the alarm module pushes the alarm information to the user through the sound and light alarm.

[0005] The sensor array of each channel includes a differential pressure gauge, which is arranged at the front and rear ends of the channel filter for monitoring the real-time resistance value of the channel, a particulate matter sensor is arranged inside the channel for detecting PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations to calculate the cleanliness level, a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged inside the channel for collecting air supply temperature and humidity data, and a fan current detection module. The fan current detection module is a Hall current sensor. The Hall current sensor is arranged in the fan power line or control cabinet to collect current signals in real time for identifying abnormal fan operation.

[0006] The central controller includes a programmable logic controller (PLC) and an AI computing unit. The programmable logic controller (PLC) is used to collect sensor data and fan operating status of each channel in real time, dynamically allocate channel roles as active channels, standby channels, or dormant channels, and predict equipment failures based on sensor data and generate maintenance instructions. The AI computing unit operates asynchronously independently of the PLC and trains a filter blockage prediction model using historical resistance value data. The filter blockage prediction model generates an energy-optimized channel scheduling plan based on the remaining life of each channel filter and time-of-use electricity price data and channel energy efficiency parameters, and then regularly pushes the optimization strategy to the programmable logic controller (PLC).

[0007] The dynamic allocation logic of the channel roles is that the selection conditions for the main channel are the highest health index and the best energy efficiency level, the backup channels are sorted according to preset priorities, and the priority sorting is dynamically adjusted according to historical failure rates and maintenance cycles. When the system load is lower than 50%, the dormant channel turns off the fan and electric sealing valve to save energy.

[0008] The central controller configuration includes multiple switching logics, namely, emergency switching when the real-time cleanliness N of the main channel is less than the set threshold N0, the resistance P is greater than the set threshold P0, or the fan current is abnormal; optimized switching when it is detected that the health index of the backup channel is 10% higher than that of the main channel; and when the load of the main channel exceeds 80%, the dormant channel is activated to share the air volume for load balancing switching.

[0009] The fan includes a frame, multiple air supply mechanisms and a cooling mechanism arranged on the frame. The first air outlet of the air supply mechanism is connected to the cooling mechanism. A second air outlet is provided at one end of the cooling mechanism away from the air supply mechanism. The air supply mechanism includes a shell, a rotating disk arranged in the shell, multiple groups of blades arranged on the rotating disk and a driving member that drives the rotating disk to rotate. An air inlet is provided on the side of the shell. The driving member drives the rotating disk to drive the blades to rotate and blow air into the cooling mechanism to form cold air. The cold air is blown out through the second air outlet to supply air for cooling the ventilation channel.

[0010] The driving component is a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a multi-stage speed regulation function. A temperature sensor is provided on the evaporator of the refrigeration mechanism. The speed control signal of the driving component is linked to the temperature sensor of the evaporator of the refrigeration mechanism. When the temperature sensor detects that the surface temperature of the evaporator is lower than a preset value, the driving component automatically switches to a low-speed mode to reduce the risk of frosting on the evaporator.

[0011] An ultraviolet germicidal lamp is provided in each ventilation channel of the multi-channel unit. The ultraviolet germicidal lamp is linked with the electric closed valve on the air inlet side and automatically opens when the valve is closed to perform periodic disinfection on the inside of the channel.

[0012] An air conditioning system consisting of channel units, a central controller, a human-machine interface terminal, and an alarm module. Multi-channel units feature at least three independent ventilation channels, each equipped with a fan, a two-way electric sealing valve, and a sensor array. The central controller connects the actuators and sensors to dynamically assign and switch channel roles. The human-machine interface terminal provides a parameter setting interface, and the alarm module provides real-time feedback on abnormal equipment conditions.

[0013] A multi-channel unit refers to a mechanical structure with parallel ventilation paths. For example, it can be configured with three or more independent air ducts, each equipped with a complete airflow control assembly. Physical isolation ensures independent operation of the independent ventilation channels, preventing single-point failures from impacting the overall system. A bidirectional electric shut-off valve uses an electric actuator to drive the valve plate. For example, a butterfly valve driven by a stepper motor can be used to shut off airflow at the inlet and outlet. The sensor array includes multiple sensing elements for pressure, particulate matter, temperature, and humidity. For example, a differential pressure sensor monitors filter status, and a laser particle counter measures air quality. The central controller includes a data processing unit and control logic module. For example, an industrial-grade microprocessor running a real-time operating system is used to execute channel health calculations and role allocation algorithms. The alarm module integrates audible and visual alarms, such as a buzzer and LED indicator, to trigger alarm signals when a fan stall, valve obstruction, or sensor failure is detected.

[0014] During system operation, the cleanliness and resistance threshold parameters are first set through the human-machine interface. Sensors in each channel continuously collect data on duct pressure differential, air particle concentration, and fan current. The central controller calculates the channel health index based on real-time data. When the cleanliness of the primary channel falls below the set value or the filter resistance exceeds the standard, the controller automatically switches the backup channel to primary status. The electric sealing valve adjusts its opening according to the channel status command to ensure that non-operating channels are completely closed. If a fan overcurrent, abnormal valve operation, or sensor data exceeding the limit is detected, the controller immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm and records a fault code.

[0015] A differential pressure gauge is a device installed at the front and rear ends of a filter to measure airflow resistance. Specifically, it can be implemented using a differential pressure sensor. The filter's clogging level is determined by calculating the pressure difference between the front and rear ends. A particulate matter sensor detects PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in the air. Specifically, it can be implemented using a laser scattering sensor. The concentration data is used to calculate the cleanliness level and assess air quality. A temperature and humidity sensor collects air temperature and humidity data. Specifically, it can be implemented using a capacitive temperature and humidity sensor, providing real-time monitoring of air supply environmental parameters. A Hall effect current sensor measures current signals through magnetic field induction. Specifically, it can be implemented using an open-loop Hall effect sensor. It detects abnormalities in the fan current waveform to identify motor failures or sudden load changes. Traditional systems rely solely on differential pressure monitoring or manual inspections to determine filter status, failing to obtain multi-dimensional data such as cleanliness, temperature and humidity, and motor operating status in real time. This solution integrates particulate matter concentration detection, temperature and humidity monitoring, and current anomaly detection to establish a comprehensive channel health assessment model. This addresses the problem of misjudgment and delayed maintenance caused by insufficient monitoring dimensions in traditional systems.

[0016] The central controller uses a dual-core architecture to achieve decoupled operation between control and computing. The programmable logic controller continuously monitors the real-time data from the differential pressure gauges, particulate matter sensors, and current detection modules of each channel, and updates the channel health status database every 100 milliseconds. When the differential pressure of a channel filter is detected to exceed 80% of the critical value, a maintenance work order is automatically generated and pushed to the operation and maintenance system. The AI computing unit asynchronously performs offline training tasks in the background, calling the power company's time-of-use electricity price API every morning to obtain the electricity price curve for the next 24 hours, and combining the energy efficiency test data of each channel to calculate the optimal operating combination. The trained filter life prediction model performs batch inference every 6 hours, marking channels with a predicted remaining life of less than 72 hours as high-risk. At the same time, it generates channel switching recommendations to avoid peak power consumption periods and transmits them to the programmable logic controller via the OPC UA protocol for policy updates.

[0017] Compared to existing technologies, traditional central air conditioning systems rely on manual experience to set fixed maintenance cycles, failing to dynamically adjust operation and maintenance strategies based on actual operating conditions. Furthermore, energy efficiency management focuses solely on equipment frequency conversion, ignoring fluctuations in electricity prices. This solution, by deploying a dual-core control architecture, incorporates machine learning algorithms while ensuring real-time control accuracy, achieving multi-objective optimization decisions based on equipment health and external environmental parameters. Furthermore, by separating offline training from online inference, this operational mode effectively avoids the resource consumption of complex algorithms in real-time control systems.

[0018] The health index is a comprehensive indicator reflecting the operating status of a channel. It can be calculated using a weighted combination of differential pressure sensor data, particulate matter concentration, and fan current parameters to quantitatively assess channel availability and reliability. The energy efficiency rating is determined by the ratio of fan power consumption to cooling capacity. This rating is calculated by monitoring power consumption and air volume per unit time and is used to identify channels with the lowest operating costs.

[0019] Preset priority refers to the pre-set order in which backup channels are activated. This can be achieved by dynamically generating a scoring model based on the equipment's operating time and historical maintenance records, allowing for rapid identification of the optimal backup channel during an emergency switchover. The historical failure rate refers to the percentage of equipment operating abnormalities during a statistical period. This can be achieved through monthly statistical analysis of fault logs recorded by the central controller and used to assess channel stability. The maintenance cycle refers to the interval between preventive maintenance sessions. This can be achieved based on filter replacement records and a pressure differential growth trend prediction model, allowing for dynamic adjustment of the priority weights of backup channels. The system load refers to the percentage of the current main channel's air supply volume as a percentage of the total design air volume. This can be achieved by comparing air volume sensor data with rated parameters and determining whether to enable dormant channels to share the load. Shutting down the fan and electric sealing valve cuts off the power supply and airflow path to the dormant channel. This can be achieved by using a relay control circuit to cut off the motor power supply and send a valve position closing command, reducing standby energy consumption.

[0020] During the channel allocation process, the health index and energy efficiency rating of each channel are calculated. The channel with the highest overall score is selected as the primary channel to provide air supply. The backup channel list is dynamically sorted based on historical maintenance data, for example, channels with recently completed filter replacements and failure rates below 5% are prioritized at the top. When the total system load falls below a set threshold, the fans in the lowest-ranked channels are automatically shut down and their valves are sealed, placing the channel in a zero-power standby state. For example, during low-load periods at night, if the load rate of the primary channel remains below 45% for 30 consecutive minutes, the central controller will close the electric airtight valve of a dormant channel and shut down its chiller unit. Compared to existing technologies, traditional VRF systems require maintenance shutdown when a single channel fails. This solution dynamically selects a backup channel based on the health index, enabling seamless failover. Traditional systems use a fixed ranking mechanism for backup equipment, while this solution dynamically adjusts priority based on maintenance cycles and failure rates, improving equipment utilization. Traditional solutions simply reduce fan speed during low load conditions, while this solution completely shuts down devices in dormant channels, reducing standby energy consumption by over 92%.

[0021] The central controller configuration includes a variety of switching logics, namely, emergency switching when the real-time cleanliness N of the main channel is less than the set threshold N0, the resistance P is greater than the set threshold P0, or the fan current is abnormal; optimized switching is performed when the health index of the backup channel is detected to be 10% higher than that of the main channel; and when the load of the main channel exceeds 80%, the dormant channel is activated to share the air volume for load balancing switching. Emergency switching means that when the cleanliness or resistance of the main channel exceeds the safe range, the backup channel is immediately activated. Specifically, it can be achieved by collecting data from the differential pressure gauge and the particulate matter sensor in real time. When N is less than N0 or P is greater than P0, the programmable logic controller triggers the linkage switching of the electric sealing valve and the fan to avoid system shutdown due to failure of the main channel. Among them, optimized switching refers to dynamically adjusting the priority of the main and backup channels based on the health index. Specifically, the AI calculation unit can continuously compare the difference in the health index of the main and backup channels. When the health index of the backup channel exceeds the set percentage of the main channel, the channel switching is automatically executed to achieve continuous optimization of system energy efficiency. Among them, load balancing switching refers to the dynamic allocation of the operating status of multiple channels according to the air volume demand. Specifically, it can be done by monitoring the load rate of the main channel. When it exceeds the set threshold, the dormant channel is awakened and the air valve opening is adjusted, so that multiple channels can coordinate air supply to reduce the operating pressure of a single channel.

[0022] The air supply mechanism draws air in through the air inlet. When the driver drives the rotating disk at high speed, the blades generate centrifugal force, accelerating the airflow toward the evaporator area of the refrigeration mechanism. The refrigerant inside the refrigeration mechanism absorbs heat, cooling the air. The treated cool air is then delivered to the ventilation duct through the secondary air outlet. Multiple air supply mechanisms can operate independently or collaboratively. If one air supply mechanism fails, the others can still provide air. The combined design of the rotating disk and blades ensures more even air distribution and reduces vortexes.

[0023] A permanent magnet synchronous motor with multi-speed regulation is one that can adjust its speed level based on a control signal. This can be achieved using a frequency converter (VFD) coupled with a vector control algorithm, varying the motor speed by adjusting the input current frequency. A temperature sensor is a device installed on the evaporator surface to detect temperature. It can be implemented using a PT100 platinum resistor or a semiconductor thermistor, monitoring changes in the evaporator surface temperature in real time. Low-speed mode operates the motor at a set value below the rated speed. This can be achieved by adjusting the output frequency of the VFD to 30%-50% of the rated frequency, thereby reducing the air flow rate over the evaporator surface. The permanent magnet synchronous motor receives speed control commands from a central controller via the VFD, while a temperature sensor installed on the evaporator surface continuously collects temperature data. When the evaporator surface temperature falls below a preset threshold (e.g., 2°C), the central controller generates a speed reduction command, and the VFD reduces the motor speed to a preset low-speed range. This reduces the airflow velocity to the evaporator, reducing the chance of moisture in the air condensing on the low-temperature evaporator surface. When the temperature returns to a safe range, the control system automatically restores the original speed level to ensure cooling efficiency. Compared to existing technologies, fans in traditional air conditioning systems typically use fixed-speed motors or have only simple temperature-controlled speed regulation, failing to dynamically adjust speed based on the evaporator surface temperature. For example, some systems control temperature only through intermittent start-stops, causing frequent temperature fluctuations in the evaporator and increasing the risk of frosting. This solution, however, leverages the multi-stage speed regulation characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motors, combined with real-time temperature monitoring, to achieve precise, linked speed control.

[0024] When the ventilation duct is in a non-air supply state, the electric airtight valve on the air inlet side is controlled to a fully closed state, at which point the ultraviolet germicidal lamp is automatically activated and starts working. Ultraviolet radiation covers the interior of the duct, including the filter surface, the inner wall of the duct and the blade area, killing any remaining bacteria and viruses. The disinfection cycle can be set to 1-3 times a day, depending on the frequency of channel use, with each exposure lasting 15-30 minutes. When the system needs to reactivate the duct, the opening action of the electric airtight valve will simultaneously cut off the power supply to the ultraviolet lamp, ensuring that there is no risk of ultraviolet exposure when personnel come into contact with the air supply flow. Compared with existing technologies, traditional central air-conditioning systems lack active disinfection measures during closure of the duct, and ducts that have been out of service for a long time are prone to breeding microorganisms and causing secondary contamination. This solution automatically executes the disinfection procedure during equipment idle periods through the intelligent linkage of the valve status and the ultraviolet lamp, which not only ensures the hygienic quality of the air supply, but also avoids the potential harm of ultraviolet rays to operators.

[0025] A method for controlling the operation of a multi-channel air conditioning system comprises the following steps:

[0026] S1. System initialization: Set the cleanliness threshold N0, final resistance threshold P0 and priority parameters of each channel through the human-computer interaction terminal; the central controller starts the self-test program to verify the communication status of the electric sealing valve, fan and sensor array of each channel;

[0027] S2. Real-time monitoring and data acquisition: A differential pressure gauge monitors the real-time filter resistance (P), a particulate matter sensor detects PM2.5 / PM10 concentrations and calculates the cleanliness level (N), a temperature and humidity sensor collects supply air temperature and humidity, and a current detection module monitors the fan operating status. All of this data is synchronously transmitted to the central controller for real-time analysis.

[0028] S3. Dynamic allocation of channel roles: The central controller performs a comprehensive analysis based on the sensor array data of each channel, with the filter pressure difference as ΔP, the PM2.5 concentration as C1, and the fan current as I. It calculates the channel health index H = α·(1-ΔP / P_max)+β·(C0 / C1)+γ·(I_rated / I), where α+β+γ=1. The channels are sorted in descending order by H value, and the channel with the highest H value and energy efficiency level ≥ E1 is set as the primary channel, the channel with the next highest H value is set as the backup channel, and the remaining channels enter a dormant state.

[0029] S4, main channel activation: When the H value sorting is completed, open the electric airtight valve on the air inlet side of the main channel, start the fan to the preset speed, start the refrigeration mechanism synchronously, and control the evaporator temperature at 5±2℃;

[0030] S5, standby for standby channel: the electric airtight valve on the air inlet side of the standby channel remains in a 5% slightly open state, the fan enters the preheating mode, and the refrigeration mechanism maintains the lowest energy consumption standby state.

[0031] ΔP is the real-time pressure difference, Pmax is the filter final resistance threshold (such as 200Pa), 1-Pmax / ΔP:

[0032] The smaller the pressure difference, the closer the value is to 1, indicating that the filter condition is better.

[0033] C0 is the cleanliness setting threshold (such as the PM concentration corresponding to ISO Class 8), and C1 is the particle sensor detection value. The larger the ratio (the lower C1), the better the air quality.

[0034] I_rated is the rated current, I is the real-time current. The closer the current is to the rated value (the ratio is close to 1), the more stable the fan operation. If the current is abnormal (such as I>1.2Irated), it indicates that the motor is overloaded or faulty.

[0035] Said S3 further comprises the following steps

[0036] Trigger emergency switching: When N < N0, P > P0, or I > 1.2I_rated on the primary channel, switch to the backup channel within 100ms;

[0037] Triggering optimized switching: When the backup channel H> the main channel H+10%, switching occurs within 30 seconds;

[0038] Trigger load balancing switching: When the system load of the active channel is greater than 80%, the dormant channel is activated for parallel air supply.

[0039] A guide structure is provided at the second air outlet of the refrigeration mechanism, wherein the guide structure is a guide plate, and the guide plate is bent into a first inclined section and a second inclined section, the first inclined section is connected to the second air outlet, and the second inclined section is connected to the first inclined section, and the inclination angle of the second inclined section relative to the horizontal plane is smaller than the inclination angle of the first inclined section relative to the horizontal plane;

[0040] The range of the included angle A between the first inclined section and the horizontal plane is 60°≤A≤80°, and the range of the included angle α between the second inclined section and the horizontal plane is 20°≤α≤30°.

[0041] A filter is detachably installed at the air inlet of the shell, and a magnetic sealing strip is provided at the edge of the filter. The filter is adsorbed and connected to the air inlet frame through the magnetic sealing strip. The filter adopts a gradient composite structure, including an outer coarse metal wire mesh layer, a middle electret meltblown cloth layer and an inner antibacterial activated carbon fiber layer. The layers are airtightly connected by hot-pressed corrugated seams.

[0042] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The multi-channel air-conditioning system of the present invention realizes efficient and reliable air treatment through distributed independent channel design and intelligent dynamic control. Its core principle is: using the sensor array to collect the pressure difference, particulate matter concentration, temperature and humidity, and motor current data of each channel in real time, and comprehensively evaluate the channel operation status through the health index model; the central controller is based on the dual-core architecture of PLC and AI computing unit, which respectively performs real-time control and offline optimization tasks, dynamically allocates the main, standby and dormant channel roles, and realizes rapid fault response, continuous energy efficiency optimization and load balancing through multi-level switching logic; combining ultraviolet sterilization with evaporator speed linkage control to ensure air supply hygiene and refrigeration efficiency, improve system redundancy and fault tolerance, and reduce downtime risks; reduce operating energy consumption through time-of-use electricity prices and energy efficiency parameter optimization scheduling; realize predictive maintenance based on equipment health status to extend equipment life; ensure air supply cleanliness and temperature and humidity stability, and at the same time significantly reduce standby power consumption through the complete shutdown technology of dormant channels, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency ratio. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the entire present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fan of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the air supply mechanism of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the diversion structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 An exploded view of the filter screen of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 It is a process flow chart of the present invention.

[0049] Reference numerals include:

[0050] 1. Multi-channel unit; 2. Central controller; 3. Human-computer interaction terminal; 4. Alarm module; 5. Fan; 6. Electric sealing valve on the air inlet side; 7. Electric sealing valve on the air outlet side; 8. Differential pressure gauge; 9. Particle sensor; 11. Temperature and humidity sensor; 12. Current detection module; 13. Programmable logic controller (PLC); 14. AI computing unit; 15. Rack; 16. Air supply mechanism; 17. Refrigeration mechanism; 18. First air outlet; 19. Second air outlet; 21. Housing; 22. Rotating disk; 23. Blades; 24. Driving part; 25. Air inlet; 26. Evaporator; 27. Temperature sensor; 28. Ultraviolet germicidal lamp; 29. Diversion structure; 30. First inclined section; 31. Second inclined section; 32. Filter; 33. Coarse metal mesh layer; 34. Electret meltblown fabric layer; 35. Antibacterial activated carbon fiber layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and drawings. The contents mentioned in the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0052] See also Figures 1 to 4As shown, a multi-channel air-conditioning system of the present invention includes a central controller 2, a human-computer interaction terminal 3, an alarm module 4 and a multi-channel unit 1; the multi-channel unit 1 includes at least three independent ventilation channels, each channel is provided with a fan 5, an electric airtight valve 6 on the air inlet side, an electric airtight valve 7 on the air outlet side, and a sensor array; the central controller 2 is electrically connected to the fan 5, the electric airtight valve 6 on the air inlet side, the electric airtight valve 7 on the air outlet side and the sensor array of each channel, and the central controller 2 dynamically allocates the channel as a main channel, a backup channel or a dormant channel according to the sensor array; when the real-time cleanliness of the main channel is lower than the set threshold or the filter resistance exceeds the final resistance threshold, channel switching is triggered; the human-computer interaction terminal 3 is connected to the central controller 2 and is used to receive input of the cleanliness threshold, the final resistance threshold and the channel priority; the alarm module 4 is electrically connected to the central controller 2, and when the fan 5 of each channel fails, the electric airtight valve is not closed or the sensor array data is abnormal, the central controller 2 triggers the alarm module 4, and the alarm module 4 pushes the alarm information to the user through the sound and light alarm.

[0053] The sensor array of each channel includes a differential pressure gauge 8, which is arranged at the front and rear ends of the channel filter for monitoring the real-time resistance value of the channel, a particulate matter sensor 9 is arranged inside the channel for detecting PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations to calculate the cleanliness level, a temperature and humidity sensor 11 is arranged inside the channel for collecting air supply temperature and humidity data, and a fan 5 current detection module 12. The fan 5 current detection module 12 is a Hall current sensor. The Hall current sensor is arranged in the fan 5 power line or control cabinet to collect current signals in real time for identifying abnormal operation of the fan 5.

[0054] The central controller 2 includes a programmable logic controller PLC13 and an AI computing unit 14. The programmable logic controller PLC13 is used to collect sensor data of each channel and the operating status of the fan 5 in real time, dynamically allocate channel roles as main channels, backup channels or dormant channels, and predict equipment failures based on sensor data and generate maintenance instructions; the AI computing unit 14 operates asynchronously independently of the PLC, and trains a filter blockage prediction model through historical resistance value data. The filter blockage prediction model generates an energy-optimized channel scheduling plan by predicting the remaining life of each channel filter, based on time-of-use electricity price data and channel energy efficiency parameters, and regularly pushes the optimization strategy to the programmable logic controller PLC13.

[0055] The dynamic allocation logic of the channel roles is that the selection conditions for the main channel are the highest health index and the best energy efficiency level, the backup channels are sorted according to preset priorities, and the priority sorting is dynamically adjusted according to the historical failure rate and maintenance cycle. When the system load is lower than 50%, the dormant channel turns off the fan 5 and the electric sealing valve to save energy.

[0056] The central controller 2 is configured to include multiple switching logics, including emergency switching when the real-time cleanliness N of the main channel is less than the set threshold N0, the resistance P is greater than the set threshold P0, or the current of the fan 5 is abnormal; optimized switching when it is detected that the health index of the backup channel is 10% higher than that of the main channel; and when the load of the main channel exceeds 80%, the dormant channel is activated to share the air volume for load balancing switching.

[0057] The fan 5 includes a frame 15, multiple air supply mechanisms 5 and a refrigeration mechanism 17 arranged on the frame 15. The first air outlet 18 of the air supply mechanism 5 is connected to the refrigeration mechanism 17. The refrigeration mechanism 17 is provided with a second air outlet 19 at one end away from the air supply mechanism 5. The air supply mechanism 5 includes a shell 21, a rotating disk 22 arranged in the shell 21, multiple groups of blades 23 arranged on the rotating disk 22, and a driving member 24 for driving the rotating disk 22 to rotate. An air inlet 25 is provided on the side of the shell 21. The driving member 24 drives the rotating disk 22 to drive the blades 23 to rotate and blow the airflow into the refrigeration mechanism 17 to form cold air. The cold air is blown out through the second air outlet 19 to supply air for cooling the ventilation channel.

[0058] The driving member 24 is a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a multi-stage speed regulation function. A temperature sensor 27 is provided on the evaporator 26 of the refrigeration mechanism 17. The speed control signal of the driving member 24 is linked to the temperature sensor 27 of the evaporator 26 of the refrigeration mechanism 17; when the temperature sensor 27 detects that the surface temperature of the evaporator 26 is lower than a preset value, the driving member 24 automatically switches to a low speed mode to reduce the risk of frosting on the evaporator 26.

[0059] An ultraviolet germicidal lamp 28 is provided in each ventilation channel of the multi-channel unit 1. The ultraviolet germicidal lamp 28 is linked to the electric airtight valve 6 on the air inlet side and automatically opens when the valve is closed to perform periodic disinfection on the inside of the channel.

[0060] An air conditioning system consisting of a channel unit, a central controller 2, a human-machine interface terminal 3, and an alarm module 4. The multi-channel unit 1 features at least three independent ventilation channels, each equipped with a fan 5, a two-way electric sealing valve, and a sensor array. The central controller 2 connects the actuators and sensors to dynamically assign and switch channel roles. The human-machine interface terminal 3 provides a parameter setting interface, and the alarm module 4 provides real-time feedback on abnormal equipment conditions.

[0061] The multi-channel unit 1 is a mechanical structure with parallel ventilation paths. For example, it can be configured with three or more independent air ducts, each equipped with a complete airflow control assembly. Physical isolation ensures that the independent ventilation channels operate independently of each other, preventing single-point failures from impacting the overall system. The bidirectional electric sealing valve uses an electric actuator to drive the valve plate, such as a butterfly valve driven by a stepper motor, to achieve airflow cutoff between the air inlet 25 and the air outlet. The sensor array includes multiple sensing elements for pressure, particulate matter, temperature, and humidity, such as differential pressure sensors to monitor filter status and laser particle counters to measure air quality. The central controller 2 includes a data processing unit and control logic module, such as an industrial-grade microprocessor running a real-time operating system, to perform channel health calculations and role allocation algorithms. The alarm module 4 integrates an audible and visual alarm system, such as a buzzer and LED indicator, to trigger an alarm signal if the fan 5 is blocked, a valve is stuck, or a sensor fails.

[0062] During system operation, the cleanliness and resistance threshold parameters are first set through the human-machine interface. Sensors in each channel continuously collect data on duct pressure differential, air particle concentration, and fan 5 current. The central controller 2 calculates the channel health index based on real-time data. When the cleanliness of the primary channel falls below the set value or the filter resistance exceeds the standard, the controller automatically switches the backup channel to primary status. The electric sealing valve adjusts its opening according to the channel status command to ensure that non-operating channels are completely closed. If fan 5 overcurrent, abnormal valve operation, or sensor data exceeding the limit is detected, the controller immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm and records the fault code.

[0063] The differential pressure gauge 8 is a device installed at the front and rear ends of the filter to measure airflow resistance. Specifically, it can be implemented using a differential pressure sensor. The filter's clogging degree is determined by calculating the pressure difference between the front and rear ends. The particulate matter sensor 9 detects PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in the air. Specifically, it can be implemented using a laser scattering sensor. The concentration data is used to calculate the cleanliness level and assess air quality. The temperature and humidity sensor 11 collects the temperature and humidity of the supply air. Specifically, it can be implemented using a capacitive temperature and humidity sensor, used for real-time monitoring of supply air environmental parameters. The Hall effect current sensor measures current signals through magnetic field induction. Specifically, it can be implemented using an open-loop Hall effect sensor. It detects abnormalities in the current waveform of the fan 5 to identify motor failures or sudden load changes. Traditional systems rely solely on single differential pressure monitoring or manual inspections to determine filter status, failing to obtain multi-dimensional data such as cleanliness, temperature and humidity, and motor operating status in real time. This solution integrates particulate matter concentration detection, temperature and humidity monitoring, and current anomaly identification to establish a comprehensive channel health assessment model. This addresses the problem of misjudgment and delayed maintenance caused by insufficient monitoring dimensions in traditional systems.

[0064] The central controller 2 uses a dual-core architecture to achieve decoupled operation of control and computing. The programmable logic controller continuously monitors the real-time data of each channel's differential pressure gauge 8, particulate matter sensor 9 and current detection module 12, and updates the channel health status database every 100 milliseconds. When it is detected that the differential pressure of a channel filter exceeds 80% of the critical value, a maintenance work order is automatically generated and pushed to the operation and maintenance system. The AI computing unit 14 asynchronously executes offline training tasks in the background, calls the power company's time-of-use electricity price API every morning to obtain the electricity price curve for the next 24 hours, and calculates the optimal operating combination based on the energy efficiency test data of each channel. The trained filter life prediction model performs batch inference every 6 hours, marking channels with a predicted remaining life of less than 72 hours as high-risk. At the same time, it generates channel switching recommendations to avoid peak power consumption periods and transmits them to the programmable logic controller via the OPC UA protocol for execution strategy updates.

[0065] Compared to existing technologies, traditional central air conditioning systems rely on manual experience to set fixed maintenance cycles, failing to dynamically adjust operation and maintenance strategies based on actual operating conditions. Furthermore, energy efficiency management focuses solely on equipment frequency conversion, ignoring fluctuations in electricity prices. This solution, by deploying a dual-core control architecture, incorporates machine learning algorithms while ensuring real-time control accuracy, achieving multi-objective optimization decisions based on equipment health and external environmental parameters. Furthermore, by separating offline training from online inference, this operational mode effectively avoids the resource consumption of complex algorithms in real-time control systems.

[0066] The health index is a comprehensive indicator reflecting the operating status of a channel. It is calculated using a weighted combination of differential pressure sensor data, particulate matter concentration, and fan 5 current parameters. It is used to quantitatively assess the availability and reliability of a channel. The energy efficiency rating is determined by the ratio of fan 5 power consumption to cooling capacity. This rating is calculated by monitoring power consumption and air volume per unit time. It is used to select channels with the lowest operating costs.

[0067] The preset priority refers to the pre-set order of enabling the backup channels. Specifically, it can be achieved by dynamically generating a scoring model based on the length of time the equipment has been in use and historical maintenance records, and is used to quickly determine the optimal backup channel in the event of an emergency switch. The historical failure rate refers to the proportion of times the equipment has had abnormal operation during the statistical period. Specifically, it can be achieved through monthly statistical analysis of the fault logs recorded by the central controller 2, and is used to evaluate the stability of the channel. The maintenance cycle refers to the interval between two preventive maintenance sessions. Specifically, it can be achieved based on the filter replacement records and the pressure difference growth trend prediction model settings, and is used to dynamically adjust the priority weights of the backup channels. The system load refers to the percentage of the current main channel's air supply volume to the total design air volume. Specifically, it can be achieved by comparing and calculating the air volume sensor data with the rated parameters, and is used to determine whether to enable the dormant channel to share the load. Turning off the fan 5 and the electric sealing valve means cutting off the power supply and airflow path of the dormant channel. Specifically, it can be achieved by cutting off the motor power supply and sending a valve position closing instruction through the relay control circuit, and is used to reduce standby energy consumption.

[0068] During the channel allocation process, the health index and energy efficiency rating of each channel are calculated. The channel with the highest overall score is selected as the primary channel to provide air supply. The backup channel list is dynamically sorted based on historical maintenance data, for example, prioritizing channels with recently completed filter replacements and failure rates below 5% at the top. When the total system load falls below a set threshold, the fan 5 in the lowest-ranked channel is automatically shut down and its valve is sealed, placing that channel in a zero-power standby state. For example, during low-load periods at night, if the load rate of the primary channel remains below 45% for 30 consecutive minutes, the central controller 2 will close the electric airtight valve of a dormant channel and shut down its refrigeration unit. Compared to existing technologies, traditional VRF systems require maintenance shutdown when a single channel fails. This solution dynamically selects a backup channel based on the health index, enabling seamless failover. Traditional systems use a fixed ranking mechanism for backup equipment, while this solution dynamically adjusts priority based on maintenance cycles and failure rates, improving equipment utilization. Traditional solutions only reduce the speed of fan 5 during low load conditions, while this solution completely shuts down dormant channel equipment, reducing standby energy consumption by over 92%.

[0069] The central controller 2 is configured with various switching logics, including emergency switching when the real-time cleanliness level N of the main channel is less than the set threshold N0, the resistance level P is greater than the set threshold P0, or when the current of fan 5 is abnormal; optimized switching when the health index of the backup channel is detected to be 10% higher than that of the main channel; and activating the dormant channel to share the air volume for load balancing switching when the load of the main channel exceeds 80%. Emergency switching means immediately activating the backup channel when the cleanliness level or resistance of the main channel exceeds the safe range. Specifically, this can be achieved by collecting data from the differential pressure gauge 8 and the particle sensor 9 in real time. When N is less than N0 or P is greater than P0, the programmable logic controller triggers the coordinated switching of the electric sealing valve and fan 5 to avoid system shutdown due to failure of the main channel. Among them, optimized switching means dynamically adjusting the priority of the main and backup channels based on the health index. Specifically, the AI computing unit 14 can continuously compare the difference in the health index of the main and backup channels. When the health index of the backup channel exceeds the set percentage of the main channel, channel switching is automatically executed to achieve continuous optimization of system energy efficiency. Among them, load balancing switching refers to the dynamic allocation of the operating status of multiple channels according to the air volume demand. Specifically, it can be done by monitoring the load rate of the main channel. When it exceeds the set threshold, the dormant channel is awakened and the air valve opening is adjusted, so that multiple channels can coordinate air supply to reduce the operating pressure of a single channel.

[0070] Air supply mechanism 5 draws air through air inlet 25. When driver 24 drives rotating disk 22 at high speed, blades 23 generate centrifugal force, accelerating the airflow toward evaporator 26 of refrigeration mechanism 17. The refrigerant within refrigeration mechanism 17 absorbs heat, cooling the air. The treated air is then delivered to the ventilation duct through second air outlet 19. Multiple air supply mechanisms 5 can operate independently or collaboratively. If one air supply mechanism 5 malfunctions, the others can still maintain air supply. The combined design of rotating disk 22 and blades 23 ensures more uniform airflow distribution and reduces eddy currents.

[0071] A permanent magnet synchronous motor with multi-speed regulation is an electric motor capable of adjusting its speed level based on a control signal. This can be achieved using a frequency converter coupled with a vector control algorithm, changing the motor speed by adjusting the input current frequency. A temperature sensor 27 is a device installed on the surface of the evaporator 26 for detecting temperature. Specifically, it can be implemented using a PT100 platinum resistor or a semiconductor thermistor, monitoring changes in the surface temperature of the evaporator 26 in real time. Low-speed mode refers to a state in which the motor operates at a set value below the rated speed. This can be achieved by adjusting the output frequency of the frequency converter to 30%-50% of the rated frequency, thereby reducing the air flow rate on the surface of the evaporator 26. The permanent magnet synchronous motor receives speed control commands from the central controller 2 via the frequency converter, and the temperature sensor 27 installed on the surface of the evaporator 26 continuously collects temperature data. When the surface temperature of the evaporator 26 is detected to be below a preset threshold (e.g., 2°C), the central controller 2 generates a speed reduction command, and the frequency converter reduces the motor speed to a preset low-speed range. At this point, the airflow velocity toward the evaporator 26 decreases, reducing the probability of moisture in the air condensing into frost on the low-temperature evaporator 26 surface. When the temperature returns to a safe range, the control system automatically restores the original speed level to ensure cooling efficiency. Compared to existing technologies, the fan 5 of traditional air conditioning systems typically uses a fixed-speed motor or has only a simple temperature-controlled speed regulation function, which cannot dynamically adjust the speed based on the surface temperature of the evaporator 26. For example, some equipment only controls temperature through intermittent start-stop operations, causing the evaporator 26 to experience frequent temperature fluctuations, which in turn increases the risk of frosting. This solution, however, leverages the multi-stage speed regulation characteristics of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, combined with real-time temperature monitoring, to achieve precise, linked speed control.

[0072] When the ventilation channel is in a non-air supply state, the electric sealed valve 6 on the air inlet side is controlled to a completely closed state, at which time the ultraviolet sterilization lamp 28 is automatically activated and starts working. Ultraviolet radiation covers the interior of the channel, including the filter surface, the inner wall of the air duct and the blade 23 area, killing residual bacteria and viruses. The disinfection cycle can be set to 1-3 times a day according to the frequency of channel use, and each time the irradiation lasts for 15-30 minutes. When the system needs to re-activate the channel, the opening action of the electric sealed valve will simultaneously cut off the power supply of the ultraviolet lamp to ensure that there is no risk of ultraviolet exposure when personnel come into contact with the air supply airflow. Compared with the existing technology, traditional central air-conditioning systems lack active disinfection measures during the period when the channel is closed, and channels that have been idle for a long time are prone to breeding microorganisms and causing secondary pollution. This solution automatically executes the disinfection procedure during the idle period of the equipment through the intelligent linkage of the valve status and the ultraviolet lamp, which not only ensures the hygienic quality of the air supply, but also avoids the potential harm of ultraviolet rays to operators.

[0073] A method for controlling the operation of a multi-channel air conditioning system comprises the following steps:

[0074] S1. System initialization: Set the cleanliness threshold N0, final resistance threshold P0, and priority parameters of each channel through the human-computer interaction terminal 3; the central controller 2 starts the self-test program to verify the communication status of the electric sealing valve, fan 5, and sensor array of each channel;

[0075] S2. Real-time monitoring and data acquisition: The differential pressure gauge 8 monitors the real-time filter resistance (P), the particulate matter sensor 9 detects the PM2.5 / PM10 concentration and calculates the cleanliness level (N), the temperature and humidity sensor 11 collects the supply air temperature and humidity, and the current detection module 12 monitors the operating status of the fan 5. The above data are synchronously transmitted to the central controller 2 for real-time analysis;

[0076] S3. Dynamic allocation of channel roles: The central controller 2 performs a comprehensive analysis based on the sensor array data of each channel, with the filter pressure difference as ΔP, the PM2.5 concentration as C1, and the current of fan 5 as I. It calculates the channel health index H = α·(1-ΔP / P_max)+β·(C0 / C1)+γ·(I_rated / I), where α+β+γ=1. The channels are sorted in descending order by H value, and the channel with the highest H value and energy efficiency level ≥ E1 is set as the primary channel, the channel with the next highest H value as the backup channel, and the remaining channels enter a dormant state.

[0077] S4, activation of the main channel: When the H value sorting is completed, the electric airtight valve 6 on the air inlet side of the main channel is opened, the fan 5 is started to the preset speed, the refrigeration mechanism 17 is started synchronously, and the temperature of the evaporator 26 is controlled at 5±2°C;

[0078] S5, standby for the standby channel: the electric airtight valve 6 on the air inlet side of the standby channel remains in a 5% slightly open state, the fan 5 enters the preheating mode, and the refrigeration mechanism 17 maintains the lowest energy consumption standby state.

[0079] ΔP is the real-time pressure difference, Pmax is the filter final resistance threshold (such as 200Pa), 1-Pmax / ΔP:

[0080] The smaller the pressure difference, the closer the value is to 1, indicating that the filter condition is better.

[0081] C0 is the cleanliness setting threshold (such as the PM concentration corresponding to ISOClass 8), and C1 is the detection value of the particulate matter sensor 9. The larger the ratio (the lower C1), the better the air quality.

[0082] I_rated is the rated current, I is the real-time current. The closer the current is to the rated value (the ratio is close to 1), the more stable the operation of the fan 5. If the current is abnormal (such as I>1.2Irated), it indicates that the motor is overloaded or faulty.

[0083] Said S3 further comprises the following steps

[0084] Trigger emergency switching: When N < N0, P > P0, or I > 1.2I_rated on the primary channel, switch to the backup channel within 100ms;

[0085] Triggering optimized switching: When the backup channel H> the main channel H+10%, switching occurs within 30 seconds;

[0086] Trigger load balancing switching: When the system load of the active channel is greater than 80%, the dormant channel is activated for parallel air supply.

[0087] A guide structure 29 is provided at the second air outlet 19 of the refrigeration mechanism 17. The guide structure 29 is a guide plate. The guide plate is bent into a first inclined section 30 and a second inclined section 31. The first inclined section 30 is connected to the second air outlet 19, and the second inclined section 31 is connected to the first inclined section 30. The inclination angle of the second inclined section 31 relative to the horizontal plane is smaller than the inclination angle of the first inclined surface relative to the horizontal plane.

[0088] The range of the included angle A between the first inclined section 30 and the horizontal plane is 60°≤A≤80°, and the range of the included angle α between the second inclined section 31 and the horizontal plane is 20°≤α≤30°.

[0089] A filter screen 32 is detachably installed at the air inlet 25 of the shell 21. A magnetic sealing strip is provided on the edge of the filter screen 32. The filter screen 32 is adsorbed and connected to the air inlet 25 frame through the magnetic sealing strip. The filter screen 32 adopts a gradient composite structure, including an outer coarse metal wire mesh layer 33, a middle electret meltblown cloth layer 34 and an inner antibacterial activated carbon fiber layer 35. The layers are airtightly connected by hot-pressed corrugated seams.

[0090] The above contents are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, according to the concept of the present invention, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. The contents of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-channel air conditioning system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a central controller (2), a human-computer interaction terminal (3), an alarm module (4) and a multi-channel unit (1); the multi-channel unit (1) comprises at least three mutually independent ventilation channels, each channel being provided with a fan (5), an electric airtight valve (6) on the air inlet side, an electric airtight valve (7) on the air outlet side, and a sensor array; the central controller (2) is electrically connected to the fan (5), the electric airtight valve (6) on the air inlet side, the electric airtight valve (7) on the air outlet side and the sensor array of each channel, and the central controller (2) dynamically allocates a main channel, a backup channel and a dormant channel according to data from the sensor array; When the real-time cleanliness of the main channel is lower than the set threshold or the filter resistance exceeds the final resistance threshold, channel switching is triggered; The human-computer interaction terminal (3) is electrically connected to the central controller (2) and is used to receive inputs of a cleanliness threshold, a final resistance threshold, and a channel priority; the alarm module (4) is connected to the central controller (2); when the fan (5) of each channel fails, the electric sealing valve is not closed, or the sensor array data is abnormal, the central controller (2) triggers the alarm module (4), and the alarm module (4) pushes alarm information to the user through an audible and visual alarm.

2. A multi-channel air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor array of each channel includes a differential pressure gauge (8) arranged at the front and rear ends of the channel filter for monitoring the real-time resistance value of the channel, a particulate matter sensor (9) arranged inside the channel for detecting PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations to calculate the cleanliness level, a temperature and humidity sensor (11) arranged inside the channel for collecting air supply temperature and humidity data, and a current detection module (12). The current detection module (12) is a Hall current sensor. The Hall current sensor is arranged in the power supply line of the fan (5) or in the control cabinet to collect current signals in real time for identifying abnormal operation of the fan (5).

3. The multi-channel air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central controller (2) includes a programmable logic controller (PLC) (13) and an AI computing unit (14). The programmable logic controller (PLC) (13) is used to collect sensor data of each channel and the operating status of the fan (5) in real time, dynamically allocate the channel role to a main channel, a standby channel or a dormant channel according to the collected data, and predict equipment failure based on the sensor data and generate maintenance instructions; the AI computing unit (14) operates asynchronously independently of the PLC, and trains a filter blockage prediction model based on historical resistance value data. The filter blockage prediction model generates an energy-optimized channel scheduling plan by predicting the remaining life of each channel filter, based on time-of-use electricity price data and channel energy efficiency parameters, and then regularly pushes the optimization strategy to the programmable logic controller (PLC) (13).

4. A multi-channel air conditioning system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dynamic allocation logic of the channel roles is as follows: the selection condition of the main channel is the highest health index and the best energy efficiency level; the backup channels are sorted according to preset priorities; the priority sorting is dynamically adjusted according to the historical failure rate and maintenance cycle; the dormant channel turns off the fan (5) and the electric sealing valve to save energy when the system load of the main channel is less than 50%.

5. A multi-channel air conditioning system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The central controller (2) is configured to include a variety of switching logics, including emergency switching when the real-time cleanliness N of the main channel is less than a set threshold N0, the resistance P is greater than a set threshold P0, or the current of the fan (5) is abnormal; optimized switching when it is detected that the health index of the backup channel is 10% higher than that of the main channel; and load balancing switching when the load of the main channel exceeds 80% by activating the dormant channel to share the air volume.

6. The multi-channel air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fan (5) comprises a frame (15), a plurality of air supply mechanisms (5) arranged on the frame (15), and a refrigeration mechanism (17); a first air outlet (18) of the air supply mechanism (5) is connected to the refrigeration mechanism (17); a second air outlet (19) is provided at one end of the refrigeration mechanism (17) away from the air supply mechanism (5); the air supply mechanism (5) comprises a shell (21), a rotating disk (22) arranged in the shell (21), a plurality of blades (23) arranged on the rotating disk (22), and a driving member (24) for driving the rotating disk (22) to rotate; an air inlet (25) is provided on the side of the shell (21); the driving member (24) drives the rotating disk (22) to drive the blades (23) to rotate and blow air into the refrigeration mechanism (17) to form cold air; and the cold air is blown out through the second air outlet (19) to supply air for cooling the ventilation channel.

7. The multi-channel air conditioning system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving member (24) is a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a multi-stage speed regulation function. A temperature sensor (27) is provided on the evaporator (26) of the refrigeration mechanism (17). The speed control signal of the driving member (24) is linked to the temperature sensor (27) of the evaporator (26) of the refrigeration mechanism (17). When the temperature sensor (27) detects that the surface temperature of the evaporator (26) is less than a preset value, the driving member (24) automatically switches to a low speed mode to reduce the risk of frosting of the evaporator (26).

8. The multi-channel air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An ultraviolet germicidal lamp (28) is provided in each ventilation channel of the multi-channel unit (1). The ultraviolet germicidal lamp (28) is linked to the electric airtight valve (6) on the air inlet side and automatically opens when the valve is closed to perform periodic disinfection on the inside of the channel.

9. A method for controlling the operation of a multi-channel air conditioning system, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, system initialization: set the cleanliness threshold N0, final resistance threshold P0 and each channel priority parameter through the human-computer interaction terminal (3); the central controller (2) starts the self-test program to verify the communication status of each channel's electric sealing valve, fan (5), and sensor array; S2. Real-time monitoring and data collection: The differential pressure gauge (8) monitors the real-time resistance (P) of the filter, the particulate matter sensor (9) detects the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 and calculates the cleanliness level, the temperature and humidity sensor (11) collects the temperature and humidity of the air supply, and the current detection module monitors the operating status of the fan (5). The above data are synchronously transmitted to the central controller (2) for real-time analysis; S3. Dynamic allocation of channel roles: The central controller (2) performs a comprehensive analysis based on the sensor array data of each channel, where the filter pressure difference is ΔP, the PM2.5 concentration is C1, and the fan (5) current is I; calculates the channel health index H = α·(1-ΔP / P_max)+β·(C0 / C1)+γ·(I_rated / I), where α+β+γ=1; sorts the channels in descending order of H value, sets the channel with the highest H value as the main channel, the channel with the second highest H value as the backup channel, and the rest enter the dormant state; S4, activation of the main channel: after the H value sorting is completed, the electric airtight valve (6) on the air inlet side of the main channel is opened, the fan (5) is started to the preset speed, the refrigeration mechanism (17) is started synchronously, and the evaporator (26) temperature is controlled at 5±2°C; S5, standby for the standby channel: the electric airtight valve (6) on the air inlet side of the standby channel is kept in a 5% slightly open state, the fan (5) enters the preheating mode, and the refrigeration mechanism (17) maintains the lowest energy consumption standby state.

10. The operation control method of a multi-channel air conditioning system according to claim 9, characterized in that: Said S3 further comprises the following steps (a) Emergency switching is triggered: When N<N0、P> P 0 or I>1.2I_rated, switch to the backup channel within 100ms; (b) Triggering optimized switching: When the backup channel H> the main channel H+10%, switching occurs within 30 seconds; (c) Triggering load balancing switching: When the system load of the active channel is greater than 80%, the dormant channel is activated for parallel air supply.

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