Shell-and-tube efficient heat exchanger and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchange, in particular to a shell-and-tube efficient heat exchanger and a preparation method thereof.The shell-and-tube efficient heat exchanger comprises a shell, an end socket assembly, a tube bundle assembly, a first flow control assembly, a second flow control assembly, a first fixing assembly, a second fixing assembly and the like. The tube bundle assembly, the first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly are arranged in the depth direction of the shell, the tube bundle assembly penetrates through the first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly and is slidably connected with the first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly, and the distance adjusting assembly in the shell can adjust the distance between the first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly. The liquid inlet part and the liquid outlet part are distributed diagonally, the first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly are combined to guide fluid to flow, and a pressure stabilizing part, a heat conduction assembly and the like are arranged. The tube bundle assembly adopts a multi-stage reducing design, and the second fixing assembly comprises a flow collecting piece and a fixing piece. According to the scheme, tube pass and shell pass media are prevented from being mixed, the thermal expansion coefficient of the joint is reduced, stress concentration is reduced, the problem of unbalanced heat transfer efficiency caused by uneven distribution of shell pass fluid is solved, and the temperature uniformity, heat exchange efficiency and other effects of the heat exchanger are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of heat exchange technology, and in particular to a shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of industrial heat exchange, shell and tube heat exchangers are widely used due to their compact structure and strong applicability, but their core structure still faces significant challenges in terms of heat transfer efficiency, fluid adaptability and reliability.

[0003] Traditional shell-and-tube heat exchangers primarily rely on fixed structures to achieve heat transfer. For example, CN220853264U utilizes high-flux tubes in conjunction with baffles within the shell, CN204963614U employs spiral heat transfer tubes to enhance turbulence, and CN200955917Y utilizes U-shaped tubes and a double tubesheet design to accommodate thermal expansion. While these solutions improve performance to a certain extent, structural limitations make them difficult to address complex operating conditions. These issues, such as varying flow resistance for fluids of varying viscosities, tube wear caused by corrosive media, and concentrated thermal stresses under diverse operating conditions, limit the efficiency and lifespan of the heat exchanger.

[0004] Existing technologies address these issues by optimizing heat transfer structures. For example, CN220853264U adds coils within the tube box, replenishing heat through dual heat exchange between shell-side steam and the tube box coils. It also uses sintered porous high-flux tubes to expand the heat transfer area. CN204963614U uses a single spiral heat transfer tube running through the shell, using baffles to force the fluid through the spiral tube multiple times, enhancing heat transfer by extending the flow path. CN200955917Y groups the heat exchange tubes into independent U-shaped tube bundles, evenly distributing the refrigerant through liquid separation, and allows the entire tube bundle to be disassembled for easy cleaning.

[0005] The resistance problem of the above-mentioned fluid flow is then improved by optimizing the structure that guides the fluid flow direction: fixed baffles (such as the staggered distribution baffles of CN220853264U) are used to guide the shell-side fluid direction, and the turbulence level is increased by changing the flow velocity path.

[0006] However, existing technologies still have some drawbacks. Fixed baffle spacing cannot match fluid viscosity variations, resulting in stagnation zones between the baffles for high-viscosity fluids. Low-viscosity fluids experience insufficient heat transfer time due to excessively fast flow rates. The single spiral heat transfer tube in CN204963614U offers limited improvement in shell-side fluid distribution uniformity. The flow rate near the center and edges of the shell differs significantly, leading to localized heat transfer insufficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to overcome the above technical problems and provide a shell and tube type high efficiency heat exchanger and a preparation method thereof.

[0008] A shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger comprises a shell, a head assembly, a tube bundle assembly, a first flow control assembly, a second flow control assembly, a first fixing assembly, and a second fixing assembly. The tube bundle assembly, the first flow control assembly, and the second flow control assembly are respectively arranged along the depth direction of the shell, and the body of the tube bundle assembly passes through the first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly respectively. The first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly are respectively slidably connected to the tube bundle assembly. A spacing adjustment assembly is provided in the shell. One end of the spacing adjustment assembly is rotatably connected to the first fixing assembly, and the other end is arranged along the depth direction of the shell and passes through the first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly respectively. The spacing adjustment assembly is used to adjust the distance between the first flow control assembly and the second flow control assembly. The shell has a first pipe opening and a second pipe opening. The first fixing assembly is fixedly mounted at the first pipe opening of the shell. The end of the tube bundle assembly away from the first flow control assembly passes through the first fixing assembly. The head assembly is fixedly mounted at the second pipe opening of the shell. The second fixing assembly is mounted on the end of the tube bundle assembly and is installed close to the first fixing assembly. The first fixing assembly and the second fixing assembly are used to limit mixing of tube-side and shell-side media.

[0009] By adopting this technical solution, the dual-fixing structure of the first and second fixing assemblies for securing the tube bundle assembly prevents mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media, reduces the thermal expansion coefficient at the connection between the first and second fixing assemblies and the tube bundle assembly, reduces stress concentration, prevents leakage, and improves the reliability and safety of the heat exchanger. Furthermore, the spacing between the first and second flow control assemblies can be adjusted using a distance adjustment assembly to better adapt to different operating conditions.

[0010] Preferably, the shell has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are diagonally distributed on the shell, the liquid inlet is located on the surface of the shell close to the second pipe opening, and the liquid outlet is located on the surface of the shell close to the first pipe opening; the first flow control component has a first drainage part, and the first drainage part is provided on the body of the first flow control component close to the liquid outlet; the second flow control component has a second drainage part, and the second drainage part is provided on the body of the second flow control component close to the liquid inlet; the first flow control component and the second flow control component are combined to form a group of structures for guiding the flow direction of the fluid, and the number of combinations is at least four, and they are arranged in sequence along the depth direction of the shell.

[0011] By adopting this technical solution, the diagonal arrangement of the liquid inlet and outlet, combined with the first and second flow-guiding sections of the first and second flow-guiding sections of the first and second flow-control components, and multiple sets of fluid flow-guiding structures arranged along the depth of the shell, effectively guide the flow direction of the shell-side fluid, improve the fluid flow path, and thus increase the turbulence of the fluid, thereby enhancing the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger. Furthermore, the dual-fixed structure of the fixed tube bundle assembly prevents mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media, reduces stress concentration, and provides a fundamental guarantee for the stable operation of the heat exchanger.

[0012] Preferably, the second flow control component has a pressure stabilizing portion, which is arranged on a side close to the liquid inlet portion, and is used to balance the fluid pressure between the first flow control group and the second flow control component.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the pressure stabilizing unit balances the fluid pressure between the first flow control component and the second flow control component, and combined with other components of the shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger, it avoids mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media, reduces stress concentration, guides the fluid flow direction, enhances heat transfer efficiency, makes the shell-side fluid distribution more uniform, and realizes thermal compensation, ultimately improving the reliability, heat transfer stability and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0014] Preferably, a heat conduction component is provided between the first flow control component and the second flow control component respectively, the tube bundle component is passed through the heat conduction component, the heat conduction component is fixedly connected to the tube bundle component, and the heat conduction component is used to enhance the heat transfer efficiency between the shell-side fluid and the tube bundle assembly.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, a dual fixing structure of the first fixing component and the second fixing component is used to fix the tube bundle assembly, thereby avoiding mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media, reducing the thermal expansion coefficient at the connection between the first fixing component and the second fixing component and the tube bundle assembly, and reducing stress concentration; the first flow control component and the second flow control component are combined to form a structure for guiding the flow direction of the fluid; the heat conduction component is arranged between the first flow control component and the second flow control component and is fixedly connected to the tube bundle assembly, thereby enhancing the heat transfer efficiency between the shell-side fluid and the tube bundle assembly.

[0016] Preferably, the tube bundle assembly includes a first tube fitting, a second tube fitting, a third tube fitting and a transition tube fitting, one end of the transition tube fitting is fixedly connected to the first fixing assembly, and the other end passes through the second fixing assembly and is slidably connected to the second fixing assembly; the first tube fitting, the second tube fitting and the third tube fitting respectively have a first through portion and a second through portion, the first through portion and the second through portion of the first tube fitting, the second tube fitting and the third tube fitting are respectively fixedly connected to a group of transition tube fittings, and the first tube fitting, the second tube fitting and the third tube fitting are arranged along the depth direction of the shell away from one end connected to the transition tube fitting; the shell has three areas: a central area, a middle area and an edge area, the first tube fitting is distributed in the central area of the shell, the second tube fitting is distributed in the middle area of the shell, and the third tube fitting is distributed in the edge area of the shell; the diameters of the first tube fitting, the second tube fitting and the third tube fitting increase in sequence.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution and using a multi-stage variable diameter tube bundle, the diameters of the first pipe fitting, the second pipe fitting and the third pipe fitting are increased in sequence, matching the radial flow velocity gradient of the shell side, solving the problem of uneven heat transfer efficiency caused by uneven distribution of the shell side fluid, and improving the temperature uniformity and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger; the transition pipe fitting is slidably connected to the second fixed component, so that when the first pipe fitting, the second pipe fitting and the third pipe fitting undergo thermal expansion, the second fixed component is allowed to float freely in the axial direction, reducing the occurrence of leakage problems caused by stress concentration.

[0018] Preferably, the second fixing assembly includes a current collecting member and a fixing member, the fixing member is fixedly installed on the current collecting member, the transition pipe member passes through the fixing member and is slidably connected to the fixing member; the current collecting member has a cold liquid part and a hot liquid part, the first through parts of the first pipe fitting, the second pipe fitting and the third pipe fitting are respectively connected to the cold liquid part, and the second through parts of the first pipe fitting, the second pipe fitting and the third pipe fitting are respectively connected to the hot liquid part; the first pipe fitting, the second pipe fitting and the third pipe fitting respectively have a U-shaped part, and the U-shaped parts of the first pipe fitting, the second pipe fitting and the third pipe fitting are arranged close to the liquid inlet part.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the liquid inlet channels of the first pipe fitting, the second pipe fitting and the third pipe fitting are gathered into the cold liquid part, and the liquid outlet channels are gathered into the hot liquid part, which facilitates the diversion and collection of the coolant, realizes the orderly flow of the coolant in each pipe fitting and the heat exchange with the shell-side medium; the U-shaped part is arranged close to the liquid inlet part, which can alleviate thermal deformation; the multi-stage variable diameter first pipe fitting, the second pipe fitting and the third pipe fitting match the radial flow velocity gradient of the shell side, solves the problem of uneven heat transfer efficiency caused by uneven distribution of the shell-side fluid, and improves the temperature uniformity and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger; the double fixed structure avoids mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media, reducing stress concentration. The transition pipe provides a connection channel so that the coolant can flow between the first pipe, the second pipe, the third pipe and the cold liquid part and the hot liquid part for heat exchange; the transition pipe also realizes a sliding connection between the second fixed component and the pipe, so that the second fixed component can float freely axially when the pipe expands thermally, reducing the leakage problem caused by stress concentration, solving the problem of uneven heat transfer efficiency caused by uneven distribution of shell-side fluid, and improving the temperature uniformity and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0020] Preferably, a first seal is sleeved on one end of the transition pipe that is slidingly connected to the fixed part, one end of the first seal is rotationally connected to the transition pipe, and the other end is rotationally connected to the fixed part; the first seal is elastic and is used to seal the sliding connection gap between the transition pipe and the fixed part.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, a double-fixed structure of the first fixed component and the second fixed component is used to fix the tube bundle assembly, thereby avoiding mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media, reducing the thermal expansion coefficient of the connection, and reducing stress concentration; by matching the radial flow velocity gradient of the shell side with the multi-stage variable diameter tube bundle, the problem of uneven heat transfer efficiency caused by uneven distribution of the shell-side fluid is solved, the temperature uniformity and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger are improved, and the second fixed component is allowed to float freely along the axial direction, reducing the problem of leakage caused by stress concentration; the cold liquid part and the hot liquid part respectively combine the liquid inlet and outlet channels, and the U-shaped part relieves thermal deformation; the elastic first seal seals the gap between the first pipe fitting, the second pipe fitting and the third pipe fitting and the fixing part to prevent medium leakage, thereby ensuring the normal operation and reliability of the heat exchanger.

[0022] Preferably, a support portion is provided on the surface of the current collecting member, one end of the support portion is fixedly connected to the collecting member, and the other end is fixedly connected to the body of the shell; the support portion is elastic; a corrugated portion is provided on the support portion, and the corrugated portion has a telescopic function.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the elastic support part is used to realize the floating of the second fixed component, and combined with the flexible connection of the first seal, an adaptive thermal compensation system is constructed, which solves the problem of thermal stress concentration in the double-tube sheet structure. The corrugated part can isolate external corrosive substances, ensure the normal operation of the support part, and extend its service life.

[0024] Preferably, the distance adjustment component includes a first elastic member, a second elastic member, a positioning pull member and a positioning member, one end of the positioning pull member passes through the first fixing component and the second fixing component in sequence, and is slidably connected to the first fixing component and the second fixing component respectively, and the other end passes through the first flow control component and the second flow control component; the first elastic member is sleeved on the positioning pull rod, one end of the first elastic member is fixedly connected to the end of the positioning pull rod, and the other end abuts against the surface of the second fixing component; one end of the positioning member passes through the second fixing component and the positioning pull rod in sequence, and the other end is located outside the second fixing component, and the positioning member is connected to the positioning pull rod and the second fixing component respectively in a plug-in manner; the second elastic member It is sleeved on the positioning pull member, and there are multiple second elastic members, and the number of the second elastic members is the sum of the number of the first flow control component and the second flow control component; the positioning pull member has a limiting part, and there are multiple limiting parts, the number of which is consistent with the number of the second elastic members, and the multiple limiting parts are installed at intervals on the main body of the positioning pull member; one end of the second elastic member abuts against the heat conduction component, and the other end abuts against the first flow control component, and the end of the first flow control component away from the second elastic member abuts against the limiting part, and / or, one end of the second elastic member abuts against the heat conduction component, and the other end abuts against the second flow control component, and the end of the second flow control component away from the second elastic member abuts against the limiting part.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the spacing between the first and second flow control components can be quickly adjusted by plugging and unplugging the positioning member, adapting to the flow characteristics of fluids with different viscosities, with an adjustment range of up to millimeter-level accuracy. The first elastic member provides axial reset force, and multiple sets of second elastic members independently regulate the displacement of each flow control component, forming a graded force application system to avoid overshoot. The plug-in design of the positioning member and the positioning rod allows for mechanical locking at any adjustment position, ensuring the stability of the system under vibration or pressure fluctuations. When the positioning member is withdrawn, the first elastic member releases stored energy, pulling the positioning rod axially back, compressing the second elastic member through the limiter, forcing the spacing between the flow control components to decrease. When the positioning rod is pressed, the first elastic member stores energy, and the second elastic member extends to expand the spacing between the components. The positioning rod acts as a rigid transmission shaft, converting the radial deformation of the elastic member into linear displacement of the flow control component, and the limiter acts as a fulcrum to achieve multi-stage force arm amplification. The change in the spacing between the flow control components synchronously changes the cross-sectional area of the flow channel. Combined with the preload compensation of the elastic parts, the sealing surface fit is maintained to prevent leakage of high-pressure fluid.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger, using the following scheme: A method for preparing a shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger, comprising: S1: Determine the optimal pipe diameter ratio; S2: The first and second baffles are processed by CNC stamping and laser cutting; the heat exchange fins are made of powder metallurgy sintered aluminum alloy and copper-based alloy; S3: For the first, second and third copper tubes, the expansion pressure gradient is controlled at 5 to 15 MPa, ensuring that the interference of the heat exchange fins is 0.15 to 0.2 mm; S4: 3D CNC tube bending technology is used to process the U-shaped part, with a bending radius of 2.5 times the tube diameter, and the symmetry error is less than 0.3 mm; S5: Design a variable pitch elastic spring to obtain an elastic spring in which the elastic modulus fluctuation of the first elastic member and the second elastic member within an adjustment range of 50 to 100 mm is less than 8 percent; S6: The positioning rod is drilled by CNC to open multiple holes for the adjustment parts to pass through; S7: Robot laser cutting 45-degree bevel, blunt edge 0.5 to 1.0 mm, machine vision inspection angle error is less than 0.5 degrees; S8: welding current 220 to 280A, back argon protection, penetration uniformity of 95%; S9: Local induction heating to 600 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes, cooling rate less than or equal to 50 degrees Celsius per hour, eliminating 85% of the stress; S10: Assemble in sequence.

[0027] By adopting the above scheme, this manufacturing method uses precision machining technologies such as CNC stamping and laser cutting to ensure the accuracy of components such as baffles and heat exchange fins. Stepped expansion and three-dimensional tube bending technologies ensure heat transfer efficiency and structural symmetry. A variable-pitch spring design ensures elastic stability during spacing adjustment. Precision groove cutting and welding processes improve weld quality. Stress relief processes also reduce the effects of thermal stress. This results in minimal heat transfer fluctuations in the heat exchanger, significantly reducing the retention area of high-viscosity fluids, improving heat transfer efficiency, and enhancing structural stability and adaptability to multiple operating conditions.

[0028] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The distance adjustment component adjusts the distance between the first and second flow control components to dynamically match the characteristics of fluids with different viscosities, expanding the shell-side fluid velocity adjustment range to 0.5 to 3 meters per second, reducing the high-viscosity fluid retention area by more than 80%, and improving the heat transfer stability and efficiency of the heat exchanger under multiple working conditions, keeping the heat transfer coefficient fluctuation within ±5%; 2. The multi-stage variable diameter design of the tube bundle assembly matches the radial flow velocity gradient of the shell side, making heat transfer more uniform, solving the problem of uneven fluid distribution in the shell side, reducing the temperature difference between the center and edge of the shell side, and improving the temperature uniformity and heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger; 3. The dual-fixed structure of the first and second fixing assemblies, combined with the sliding connection between the transition pipe and the fixing member, the elastic first seal, and the elastic support, constructs an adaptive thermal compensation system to solve the problem of thermal stress concentration in the double tubesheet structure, reduce the occurrence of leakage caused by stress concentration, and improve the reliability of the heat exchanger; 4. The first flow control component and the second flow control component are combined to form a structure that guides the flow direction of the fluid. Multiple groups are provided, which can effectively change the flow path of the fluid, increase the turbulence level, and enhance the heat transfer effect. 5. The pressure stabilizing part of the second flow control component can balance the fluid pressure between the first flow control component and the second flow control component, ensuring stable fluid flow and improving the stability of the heat exchange process; 6. The heat transfer component enhances the heat transfer efficiency between the shell-side fluid and the tube bundle assembly, further improving the overall performance of the heat exchanger; 7. The U-shaped part of the tube bundle assembly can alleviate thermal deformation, reduce the impact of thermal stress on the pipe fittings, and extend the service life of the pipe fittings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger disclosed in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is an overall structural view of a shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger disclosed in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a partial exploded view of a shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger disclosed in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is another partial exploded view of a shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger disclosed in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of a second fixing component in a shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Description of reference numerals: 1. Housing; 11. First pipe opening; 12. Second pipe opening; 13. Liquid inlet; 14. Liquid outlet; 2. Head assembly; 3. Tube bundle assembly; 31. First tube; 32. Second tube; 33. Third tube; 34. Transition tube; 35. U-shaped portion; 36. First through portion; 37. Second through portion; 38. First sealing member; 4. First flow control component; 41. First drainage part; 5. Second flow control component; 51. Second flow guide portion; 52. Voltage stabilizing portion; 6. First fixing assembly; 61. Second sealing member; 7. Second fixing assembly; 71. Current collecting member; 710. Cold liquid portion; 711. Hot liquid portion; 712. Support portion; 713. Partition; 72. Fixing member; 8. Distance adjustment assembly; 81. First elastic member; 82. Second elastic member; 83. Positioning pull member; 830. Positioning portion; 84. Positioning member; 9. Heat conduction components. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] In the first aspect, the present application discloses a shell and tube type high efficiency heat exchanger, see Figure 1 and Figure 2, including a shell 1, a head assembly 2, a tube bundle assembly 3, a first flow control assembly 4, a second flow control assembly 5, a first fixing assembly 6 and a second fixing assembly 7, wherein the tube bundle assembly 3, the first flow control assembly 4 and the second flow control assembly 5 are respectively arranged along the depth direction of the shell 1, and the body of the tube bundle assembly 3 passes through the first flow control assembly 4 and the second flow control assembly 5 respectively, and the first flow control assembly 4 and the second flow control assembly 5 are respectively slidably connected to the tube bundle assembly 3. Such a structure enables the flow control assembly to move flexibly on the tube bundle assembly 3, facilitating subsequent regulation of the fluid flow; a distance adjustment assembly 8 is provided in the shell 1, one end of the distance adjustment assembly 8 passes through the first fixing assembly 6 and the second fixing assembly 7 in sequence, and the other end is arranged along the depth direction of the shell 1 The shell 1 has a first pipe opening 11 and a second pipe opening 12. The first fixing assembly 6 is fixedly mounted at the first pipe opening 11 of the shell 1. The end of the tube bundle assembly 3 away from the first flow control assembly 4 passes through the first fixing assembly 6. The head assembly 2 is fixedly mounted at the second pipe opening 12 of the shell 1. The second fixing assembly 7 is mounted on the end of the tube bundle assembly 3 and is installed near the first fixing assembly 6. The first and second fixing assemblies 6 and 7 are used to limit mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media. The use of the dual fixing structure of the first and second fixing assemblies 6 and 7 to fix the tube bundle assembly 3 can prevent mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media, reduce the thermal expansion coefficient at the connection between the first and second fixing assemblies 6 and 7 and the tube bundle assembly 3, reduce stress concentration, and significantly improve the reliability and service life of the heat exchanger.

[0033] For details, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The shell 1 has a liquid inlet portion 13 and a liquid outlet portion 14, which are diagonally distributed on the shell 1. The liquid inlet portion 13 is located on the surface of the shell 1 close to the second pipe port 12, and the liquid outlet portion 14 is located on the surface of the shell 1 close to the first pipe port 11. Such diagonal distribution is conducive to a more uniform flow of the fluid in the shell 1.

[0034] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first flow control assembly 4 and the second flow control assembly 5 play a key role in guiding the direction of fluid flow. The first flow control assembly 4 has a first drainage portion 41, which is located on the body of the first flow control assembly 4 near the liquid outlet 14. The second flow control assembly 5 has a second drainage portion 51, which is located on the body of the second flow control assembly 5 near the liquid inlet 13. The first flow control assembly 4 and the second flow control assembly 5 together form a structure that guides the direction of fluid flow. There are at least four such combinations, which are arranged sequentially along the depth direction of the housing 1.

[0035] In this embodiment, the number of combinations of the first flow control components 4 and the second flow control components 5 is four, so that the shell-side fluid can be guided to perform a long curved motion to achieve efficient heat exchange.

[0036] The first flow control assembly 4 includes a first baffle, and the first flow guide portion 41 includes a plurality of first arcuate grooves formed on the first baffle. The arcuate first arcuate grooves enable the fluid to turn more smoothly and reduce flow resistance. In other embodiments, the first flow guide portion 41 may include a plurality of flow guide grooves with an inclination angle of 45 degrees, and the depth of the flow guide grooves ranges from 20 to 30 mm.

[0037] The second flow control assembly 5 includes a second baffle, and the second guide portion 51 includes a plurality of second arcuate grooves formed on the second baffle. The arcuate second arcuate grooves allow the fluid to turn more smoothly, reducing flow resistance. In other embodiments, the second guide portion 51 may be a plurality of guide grooves with a 45-degree inclination angle, and the guide groove depth ranges from 20 to 30 mm. By providing the first and second guide portions 51, the flow path of the fluid within the housing 1 can be effectively guided, increasing the turbulence of the fluid, thereby improving heat transfer efficiency.

[0038] See also Figure 2 and Figure 3 The head assembly 2 includes an elliptical metal head, which is welded to the shell 1 and welded to the first nozzle 11 of the shell 1. The weld between the shell 1 and the elliptical metal head is ground with a 45-degree chamfer on each edge, forming a V-shaped groove. This optimizes the weld groove structure and ensures penetration. The 45-degree chamfer transforms the right angle into a smooth transition surface, reducing the stress concentration factor to below 1.5 and improving the fatigue resistance of the joint. The 45-degree groove provides an inclined welding surface, making it easier for the welder to observe the flow of the molten pool. It is particularly suitable for welding methods that require visual control, such as manual arc welding and gas shielded welding, and reduces the incidence of defects such as undercut and weld bumps.

[0039] For details, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 A heat conduction component 9 is respectively provided between the first flow control component 4 and the second flow control component 5. The tube bundle component 3 is passed through the heat conduction component 9. The heat conduction component 9 is fixedly connected to the tube bundle component 3. The heat conduction component 9 is used to enhance the heat transfer efficiency between the shell-side fluid and the tube bundle component 3.

[0040] The heat transfer assembly 9 includes multiple heat transfer fins, and the tube bundle assembly 3 is inserted through these fins. The heat transfer fins and tube bundle assembly 3 are connected using an expansion joint. By expanding the tube bundle assembly 3, the tube bundle 3 expands, thereby securing the heat transfer fins. In other embodiments, the heat transfer fins can be needle-shaped. These needle-shaped fins increase fluid agitation, ensuring more complete contact between the fluid and the tube bundle assembly 3.

[0041] For further information, see Figure 3 The second flow control component 5 has a pressure stabilizing portion 52 , which is located on a side close to the liquid inlet portion 13 . The pressure stabilizing portion 52 is used to balance the fluid pressure between the first flow control group and the second flow control component 5 .

[0042] Specifically, the pressure stabilizing portion 52 includes a third arc-shaped through groove provided on the second baffle. When the fluid passes through the third arc-shaped through groove, the pressure will be balanced to a certain extent.

[0043] For further information, see Figures 3 to 5 The tube bundle assembly 3 includes a first tube 31, a second tube 32, a third tube 33, and a transition tube 34. One end of the transition tube 34 is fixedly connected to the first fixing assembly 6, and the other end passes through the second fixing assembly 7 and is slidably connected to the second fixing assembly 7. The first tube 31, the second tube 32, and the third tube 33 each have a first through portion 36 and a second through portion 37. The first through portions 36 and the second through portions 37 of the first tube 31, the second tube 32, and the third tube 33 are respectively fixedly connected to a group of transition tubes 34. The first tube 31, the second tube 32, and the third tube 33 are arranged along the depth direction of the shell 1, away from the ends connected to the transition tube 34. In addition, the transition pipe 34 is used to provide a connection channel between the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33 and the cold liquid part 710, the hot liquid part 711, and indirectly realize a sliding connection between the second fixed component 7 and the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33, so that when the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33 undergo thermal expansion, the second fixed component 7 is allowed to float freely in the axial direction, thereby reducing the occurrence of leakage problems caused by stress concentration.

[0044] The shell 1 has three regions: a central area, an intermediate area, and an edge area. The first pipe 31 is located in the central area of the shell 1, the second pipe 32 is located in the intermediate area of the shell 1, and the third pipe 33 is located in the edge area of the shell 1. The diameters of the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32, and the third pipe 33 increase in sequence. By using a multi-stage variable diameter tube bundle to match the radial flow velocity gradient in the shell side, the problem of uneven heat transfer efficiency caused by uneven shell-side fluid distribution is resolved, thereby improving the temperature uniformity and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0045] For details, see Figure 3 and Figure 4The transition pipe 34 includes a transition copper pipe. The first pipe 31 includes a first copper pipe, the second pipe 32 includes a second copper pipe, and the third pipe 33 includes a third copper pipe. The first copper pipe, the second copper pipe, and the third copper pipe are fixedly connected to the transition copper pipe respectively.

[0046] The first, second, and third pipe fittings 31, 32, and 33 each have a U-shaped portion 35, each comprising a U-shaped tube. The U-shaped portions 35 of the first, second, and third pipe fittings 31, 32, and 33 are positioned adjacent to the liquid inlet 13. The U-shaped portions 35 mitigate thermal deformation, and the curved flow paths of the U-shaped tubes guide the spiral flow of the shell-side fluid, enhancing turbulence. Furthermore, when the fluid temperature within the first, second, and third copper tubes is significantly higher or lower than the shell-side fluid, the straight tubes are susceptible to significant thermal stress due to their ends being fixed to the first and second fixing assemblies 6 and 7. This stress can reach over 30% of the material's yield strength, potentially leading to leakage at the tube-sheet expansion joint or tube rupture. The curved sections of the U-shaped tubes act as elastic joints, absorbing thermal expansion and contraction energy through deformation, reducing thermal stress by over 60%. In other embodiments, the first, second, and third pipe fittings 31, 32, and 33 can be made of materials such as stainless steel and aluminum.

[0047] For further information, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first fixed assembly 6 includes a first fixed tube sheet, which is welded to the first pipe opening 11 of the shell 1, and the edges of the welds between the first fixed tube sheet and the shell 1 are respectively ground with a 45-degree chamfer. The 45-degree chamfer optimizes the welding groove structure and ensures penetration.

[0048] The second fixing assembly 7 includes a flow collector 71 and a fixing member 72, which is fixedly mounted on the flow collector 71. The transition pipe 34 passes through the fixing member 72 and is slidably connected to the fixing member 72. The sliding connection between the transition pipe 34 and the fixing member 72 allows the second fixing assembly 7 to float freely in the axial direction, solving the problem of thermal stress concentration in the double-tubesheet structure of traditional heat exchangers, reducing the occurrence of leakage caused by stress concentration, and improving the reliability of the heat exchanger.

[0049] The manifold 71 has a cold liquid portion 710 and a hot liquid portion 711. The first, second, and third tubes 31, 32, and 33 each have a first through portion 36 and a second through portion 37. The first through portions 36 of the first, second, and third tubes 31, 32, and 33 are connected to the cold liquid portion 710, and the second through portions 37 of the first, second, and third tubes 31, 32, and 33 are connected to the hot liquid portion 711.

[0050] In addition, the transition pipe 34 is used to provide a connection channel between the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33 and the cold liquid part 710, the hot liquid part 711, and indirectly realize a sliding connection between the second fixed component 7 and the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33, so that when the first pipe 31, the second pipe 32 and the third pipe 33 undergo thermal expansion, the second fixed component 7 is allowed to float freely in the axial direction, thereby reducing the occurrence of leakage problems caused by stress concentration.

[0051] For details, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first through-portion 36 includes a first through-hole for passing coolant. The second through-portion 37 includes a second through-hole for passing the coolant after it has been heated by heat exchange with the shell-side medium. The cold liquid section 710 groups the inlet channels of each pipe into a single zone, while the hot liquid section 711 groups the outlet channels into a single zone. This facilitates the diversion of coolant into the first through-portion 36 of each pipe, where it is heated and then collected for delivery to the recovery device, ensuring orderly circulation of the coolant and completing the heat exchange process.

[0052] The manifold 71 includes a water inlet cover. The cold liquid section 710 includes a cold liquid hole provided on the cover, and the hot liquid section 711 includes a hot liquid hole provided on the cover. A partition 713 is welded to the water inlet cover, dividing the cover into a cold zone and a hot zone. The cold liquid hole connects to the cold zone, and the hot liquid hole connects to the hot zone.

[0053] The fixing part 72 includes a second fixed tube sheet, which is welded to one end of the cold and hot zones of the water inlet cover. The edges of the welds between the water inlet cover and the second fixed tube sheet are respectively polished with a 45-degree chamfer. The 45-degree chamfer optimizes the welding groove structure and ensures penetration.

[0054] Furthermore, a first seal 38 is sleeved on one end of the transition pipe 34 that is slidably connected to the fixed member 72. One end of the first seal 38 is rotatably connected to the transition pipe 34, and the other end is rotatably connected to the fixed member 72. The first seal 38 is elastic and is used to seal the sliding connection gap between the transition pipe 34 and the fixed member 72.

[0055] For details, see Figure 4 and Figure 5The first seal 38 comprises a first double-threaded rubber joint. Multiple first externally threaded joints are protruding from the second fixed tube sheet. One end of the transition tube 34 passes through each of these first externally threaded joints. One end of the first double-threaded rubber joint is threadedly connected to the end of the transition tube 34, and the other end is threadedly connected to the first externally threaded joint on the second fixed tube sheet. Furthermore, the rubber of the first double-threaded rubber joint is made of silicone rubber with a hardness of 40-50 HA. In this solution, when the tube expands due to heat, the first seal 38 slides axially with the transition tube 34, filling the gap through its own elastic deformation and preventing leakage of the pipe-side medium.

[0056] Furthermore, a support portion 712 is provided on the surface of the current collecting member 71, one end of the support portion 712 is fixedly connected to the collecting member, and the other end is fixedly connected to the body of the housing 1. The support portion 712 is elastic and is covered with a corrugated portion having a telescopic function.

[0057] For details, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The support portion 712 includes an elastic support rod, one end of which is fixed to the outer surface of the water inlet cover by bolts, and the other end is fixed to the outer surface of the shell 1 by bolts. In other embodiments, the support portion 712 can be a support sleeve spring, and the elasticity of the support spring can buffer the stress generated by the thermal expansion of the tube bundle assembly 3. The corrugated portion includes a rubber bellows, which can expand and contract when the tube bundle assembly 3 expands or contracts thermally to ensure the stability of the entire structure. In other implementations, the corrugated portion can be a metal-plastic composite bellows, with metal on the outside and plastic on the inside, the inner layer being corrosion-resistant and the outer layer being pressure-bearing and protective.

[0058] For further information, see Figures 2 to 4 The distance adjustment assembly 8 includes a first elastic member 81, a second elastic member 82, a positioning member 83, and an adjustment member 84. One end of the positioning member 83 passes through the first fixing assembly 6 and the second fixing assembly 7 in sequence, and is slidably connected to the first fixing assembly 6 and the second fixing assembly 7 respectively. The other end passes through the first flow control assembly 4 and the second flow control assembly 5. The first elastic member 81 is sleeved on the positioning rod. One end of the first elastic member 81 is fixedly connected to the end of the positioning rod, and the other end abuts the surface of the second fixing assembly 7. One end of the adjustment member 84 passes through the second fixing assembly 7 and the positioning rod in sequence, and the other end is located outside the second fixing assembly 7. The adjustment member 84 is connected to the positioning rod and the second fixing assembly 7 respectively using plug-in connections.

[0059] The second elastic member 82 is sleeved onto the positioning member 83. There are multiple second elastic members 82, and the number of second elastic members 82 is equal to the sum of the first flow control assembly 4 and the second flow control assembly 5. The positioning member 83 has a plurality of limiting portions 830. The number of limiting portions 830 matches the number of second elastic members 82, and the multiple limiting portions 830 are installed at intervals on the body of the positioning member 83.

[0060] One end of the second elastic member 82 abuts against the heat conduction component 9, and the other end abuts against the first flow control component 4, and the end of the first flow control component 4 away from the second elastic member 82 abuts against the limit portion 830, and / or, one end of the second elastic member 82 abuts against the heat conduction component 9, and the other end abuts against the second flow control component 5, and the end of the second flow control component 5 away from the second elastic member 82 abuts against the limit portion 830.

[0061] Specifically, the positioning member 83 includes at least two positioning rods, each of which passes through the current collector 71. One end of the positioning rod sequentially passes through the first fixing assembly 6, the fixing member 72 of the second fixing assembly 7, and the current collector 71, respectively, and is slidably connected to the first fixing assembly 6, the fixing member 72, and the current collector 71. The other end of the positioning rod sequentially passes through the heat conduction assembly 9, the first flow control assembly 4, and the second flow control assembly 5. Specifically, when the positioning rod passes through the first fixed tube sheet, it passes through the second fixed tube sheet and then through the shell wall of the water inlet cover, without passing through the cold zone and hot zone of the water inlet cover.

[0062] Each limiting portion 830 includes a limiting blocking piece, which is fixedly mounted on the positioning rod.

[0063] The positioning member 84 includes a positioning rod, which sequentially penetrates the water inlet cover and the positioning rod. Under the force of the first elastic member 81, the positioning rod is clamped to the water inlet cover and the positioning rod. Simultaneously, the positioning rod restricts axial movement of the positioning rod. Furthermore, the positioning rod, located on the water inlet cover, has several retaining holes for the positioning rod to penetrate.

[0064] The first elastic member 81 includes a first elastic spring, which is sleeved on the positioning rod. One end of the first elastic spring is fixedly connected to the positioning rod, and the other end of the first elastic spring abuts against the surface of the water inlet cover.

[0065] Each set of second elastic members 82 includes a second elastic spring, which is sleeved on the positioning rod. One end of the second elastic spring is tightly pressed against the first baffle or the second baffle, and the other end is tightly pressed against the heat conduction component 9.

[0066] A second seal 61 is provided at the connection between the positioning rod and the first fixing assembly 6. This seal comprises a second, elastic double-threaded rubber joint. A second externally threaded joint protrudes from one surface of the first fixing assembly 6 located within the housing 1. One end of the second externally threaded joint is threadedly connected to the externally threaded joint, and the other end is threadedly connected to the body of the positioning rod. The provision of this second seal 61 ensures a good seal between the positioning rod and the first fixing assembly 6, thereby resisting the pressure exerted by the shell-side medium and preventing the shell-side medium from overflowing the shell.

[0067] In this embodiment, by pressing the positioning rod, the positioning rod moves along its own axial direction, changing its length within the housing 1. The first spring member 81 is used in conjunction with the adjustment rod to lock the position after adjustment. The first and second baffles move along the axial direction of the positioning rod under the reaction force of the second spring. The spacing between the first and second baffles is adjustable within a range of 50 to 100 mm. In this embodiment, the spacing between the first and second flow control assemblies 4 and 5 is adjusted by adjusting the degree of compression of the second spring member 82. A first double-threaded rubber joint and a second double-threaded rubber joint are threadedly connected to the transition pipe 34 and the fixing member 72 at their ends, forming a removable elastic seal. Specifically, for low-viscosity fluids (such as fluorinated liquids and liquid hydrocarbons), the baffle spacing is increased to 80 to 100 mm to reduce flow velocity and prolong heat transfer time. For high-viscosity fluids (such as lubricating oil), the spacing is reduced to 50 to 80 mm to increase flow velocity and enhance turbulence.

[0068] This solution expands the shell-side fluid velocity adjustment range to 0.5 to 3 meters per second, controls heat transfer coefficient fluctuations to within ±5%, and reduces the high-viscosity fluid retention area by over 80%. This solves the problem of fixed baffles being unable to adapt to the heat transfer requirements of fluids with varying viscosities, improving the heat transfer stability and efficiency of the heat exchanger under various operating conditions.

[0069] The working principle of a shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger of the present application is as follows: The diagonally arranged liquid inlet 13 and liquid outlet 14 of the shell 1 work together with four sets of first flow control assemblies 4 (first baffles) and second flow control assemblies 5 (second baffles) to guide the shell-side fluid in a long, curved motion along the depth of the shell 1. The first and second arcuate grooves on the baffles allow the fluid to make smooth turns, reducing flow resistance while increasing turbulence and extending the contact time between the fluid and the tube bundle assembly 3, thereby achieving fluid regulation and enhanced heat transfer.

[0070] The tube bundle assembly 3 utilizes a multi-stage variable diameter design. The first tube 31 (e.g., the first copper tube) in the center region has the smallest diameter, while the third tube 33 (e.g., the third copper tube) in the edge region has the largest diameter. This design matches the radial velocity gradient in the shell-side (faster velocity in the center, slower velocity at the edges) for more uniform fluid distribution. The U-shaped tube structure (U-shaped portion) allows the tube to deform freely due to thermal expansion and contraction. The curved section absorbs thermal stress (reducing thermal stress by over 60%) while guiding the fluid's spiral flow, further enhancing heat transfer. The heat transfer fins (needle-shaped or sheet-shaped) of the heat transfer assembly 9 are fixed to the tube bundle assembly 3 by expansion joints, expanding the heat transfer area and enhancing the heat exchange efficiency between the shell-side fluid and the tubes.

[0071] To control and seal thermal stress, the first fixing assembly 6 (first fixed tube sheet) and the second fixing assembly 7 (current collector 71, second fixed tube sheet) form a dual-fixed structure. The cold liquid portion 710 (cold liquid hole) and the hot liquid portion 711 (hot liquid hole) of the current collector 71 are separated by a partition 713 to prevent mixing of the tube-side and shell-side media. A first seal 38 of silicone rubber with a double threaded ring elastically seals the sliding connection gap between the tube and the fixing assembly 72, preventing leakage. The adjustable baffle assembly 8 adjusts the baffle spacing from 50 to 100 mm. For low-viscosity fluids (such as fluorinated liquids), the spacing can be increased to 80 to 100 mm to reduce flow velocity and prolong heat transfer time. For high-viscosity fluids (such as lubricating oil), the spacing can be reduced to 50 to 80 mm to increase flow velocity and enhance turbulence. The elastic spring dynamically balances fluid pressure through compression, and in conjunction with the third arc-shaped slot in the pressure stabilizing section 52, the shell-side flow velocity can be adjusted within a range of 0.5 to 3 meters per second, while keeping heat transfer coefficient fluctuations within ±5%.

[0072] To optimize structural reliability, the welds between the elliptical metal head, the first fixed tube sheet, and the shell 1 are chamfered at 45 degrees, forming a V-shaped groove. This ensures weld penetration and reduces the stress concentration factor from over 3.0 to under 1.5, improving fatigue resistance. The elastic support rods and rubber bellows in the support portion 712 buffer the thermal expansion stress of the tube bundle, allowing the second fixed assembly 7 to float axially, reducing the risk of leakage at the expansion joint.

[0073] This technology dynamically controls the shell-side fluid flow rate and direction, adapting to the heat transfer requirements of media with varying viscosities (low viscosity, such as fluorinated fluids, and high viscosity, such as lubricating oils). Through a multi-stage variable-diameter tube bundle, U-shaped tube structure, and heat exchange fins, heat transfer efficiency is enhanced and temperature distribution is balanced. Dual fixed components and a resilient first seal 38 prevent media mixing, while the adjustable pitch component 8 and the corrugated portion mitigate thermal stress, improving equipment reliability.

[0074] This technology features high heat transfer efficiency, strong adaptability to operating conditions, and excellent reliability. The curved flow channel and turbulent flow design increase the heat transfer coefficient by 15 to 25 percent, and the multi-stage variable-diameter tube bundle reduces the temperature difference to below 5 degrees Celsius. The baffle spacing is adjustable, the flow rate adjustment range is wide, and the high-viscosity fluid retention area is reduced by more than 80 percent. Designs such as 45-degree weld chamfers, U-tube thermal compensation, and elastic supports extend the equipment life by more than 30 percent and significantly reduce the risk of leakage. Maintenance is convenient: the tube bundle assembly 3 can float axially, and combined with the removable baffles, cleaning and maintenance efficiency is increased by 50 percent.

[0075] Therefore, this technology solves many problems such as the existing fixed baffles, thermal stress concentration, high risk of medium mixing and insufficient welding reliability. The existing shell and tube heat exchanger cannot adapt to changes in fluid viscosity, low-viscosity fluids have insufficient heat transfer time, and high-viscosity fluids are prone to retention. This solution solves this problem through adjustable spacing baffles and variable diameter tube bundles. Traditional straight tube fixed connections are prone to expansion and cracking due to temperature differences, and U-shaped tubes and elastic supports achieve thermal expansion adaptation. The double fixed tube sheet and the first seal 38 design avoid contact between the tube side and the shell side fluids, meeting the high cleanliness requirements of chemical, food and other fields. The 45-degree bevel optimizes the welding process, reduces defects such as biting and incomplete penetration, and improves structural safety. Through mechanical structure innovation, this solution systematically solves the core bottlenecks of traditional shell and tube heat exchangers in heat transfer efficiency, adaptability to working conditions and reliability, and is suitable for the high-efficiency heat exchange needs of multiple fields such as chemical, energy, and refrigeration.

[0076] In a second aspect, the present application discloses a method for preparing a shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger, comprising: S1: Fluent simulation was used to determine the optimal pipe diameter ratio: center area: edge area = 1:1.5, and the baffle spacing ranged from 50 to 100 mm; S2: The first and second baffles are processed by CNC stamping and laser cutting to ensure that the curvature error of the arc groove is less than 0.05 mm; the heat exchange fins are made of powder metallurgy sintered aluminum alloy and copper-based alloy, and the thermal conductivity is increased by 20%; S3: For the first, second and third copper tubes, the expansion pressure gradient is controlled at 5 to 15 MPa, ensuring that the interference of the heat exchange fins is 0.15 to 0.2 mm; S4: 3D CNC tube bending technology processes the U-shaped part, with a bending radius of 2.5 times the tube diameter, and laser detection symmetry error of less than 0.3 mm; S5: Design a variable pitch elastic spring to obtain an elastic spring in which the elastic modulus fluctuation of the first elastic member 81 and the second elastic member 82 within the adjustment range of 50 to 100 mm is less than 8%; S6: The positioning rod is provided with a plurality of holes for the adjustment member 84 to pass through by CNC drilling; S7: Robot laser cutting 45-degree bevel, blunt edge 0.5 to 1.0 mm, machine vision inspection angle error is less than 0.5 degrees; S8: welding current 220 to 280A, back argon protection, penetration uniformity of 95%; S9: Local induction heating to 600 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes, cooling rate less than or equal to 50 degrees Celsius per hour, eliminating 85% of the stress; S10: Assemble in sequence.

[0077] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shell and tube high efficiency heat exchanger, characterized by: The invention comprises a shell (1), a head assembly (2), a tube bundle assembly (3), a first flow control assembly (4), a second flow control assembly (5), a first fixing assembly (6) and a second fixing assembly (7); the tube bundle assembly (3), the first flow control assembly (4) and the second flow control assembly (5) are respectively arranged along the depth direction of the shell (1); the body of the tube bundle assembly (3) passes through the first flow control assembly (4) and the second flow control assembly (5); the first flow control assembly (4) and the second flow control assembly (5) are respectively connected to the tube bundle assembly (3) in a sliding manner; A distance adjustment component (8) is provided on the housing (1), one end of the distance adjustment component (8) passes through the first fixing component (6) and the second fixing component (7) in sequence, and the other end is arranged along the depth direction of the housing (1) and passes through the first flow control component (4) and the second flow control component (5) respectively. The distance adjustment component (8) is used to adjust the distance between the first flow control component (4) and the second flow control component (5); The shell (1) has a first pipe opening (11) and a second pipe opening (12); the first fixing assembly (6) is fixedly mounted at the first pipe opening (11) of the shell (1); an end of the tube bundle assembly (3) away from the first flow control assembly (4) passes through the first fixing assembly (6); and the head assembly (2) is fixedly mounted at the second pipe opening (12) of the shell (1); The second fixing assembly (7) is installed on the end of the tube bundle assembly (3) and is installed close to the first fixing assembly (6). The first fixing assembly (6) and the second fixing assembly (7) are used to limit the mixing of the tube side and shell side media.

2. The shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (1) has a liquid inlet (13) and a liquid outlet (14), the liquid inlet (13) and the liquid outlet (14) being diagonally distributed on the housing (1), the liquid inlet (13) being located on the surface of the housing (1) near the second pipe opening (12), and the liquid outlet (14) being located on the surface of the housing (1) near the first pipe opening (11); The first flow control component (4) has a first drainage portion (41), and the first drainage portion (41) is arranged on the body of the first flow control component (4) on a side close to the liquid outlet portion (14); The second flow control component (5) has a second drainage portion (51), and the second drainage portion (51) is arranged on the body of the second flow control component (5) on a side close to the liquid inlet portion (13); The first flow control component (4) and the second flow control component (5) are combined to form a group of structures for guiding the flow direction of the fluid, and the number of the combined groups is at least four, and they are arranged in sequence along the depth direction of the shell (1).

3. The shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second flow control assembly (5) has a pressure stabilizing portion (52), which is arranged on a side close to the liquid inlet portion (13). The pressure stabilizing portion (52) is used to balance the fluid pressure between the first flow control group and the second flow control assembly (5).

4. The shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: A heat conduction component (9) is provided between the first flow control component (4) and the second flow control component (5), the tube bundle component (3) is passed through the heat conduction component (9), the heat conduction component (9) is fixedly connected to the tube bundle component (3), and the heat conduction component (9) is used to enhance the heat transfer efficiency between the shell-side fluid and the tube bundle component (3).

5. The shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tube bundle assembly (3) comprises a first tube (31), a second tube (32), a third tube (33) and a transition tube (34); one end of the transition tube (34) is fixedly connected to the first fixing assembly (6), and the other end passes through the second fixing assembly (7) and is slidably connected to the second fixing assembly (7); The first pipe member (31), the second pipe member (32) and the third pipe member (33) respectively have a first through portion (36) and a second through portion (37); the first through portion (36) and the second through portion (37) of the first pipe member (31), the second pipe member (32) and the third pipe member (33) are respectively fixedly connected to a group of transition pipe members (34); the first pipe member (31), the second pipe member (32) and the third pipe member (33) are arranged along the depth direction of the shell (1) away from the end connected to the transition pipe member (34); The shell (1) has three regions: a central region, a middle region, and an edge region; the first pipe (31) is distributed in the central region of the shell (1); the second pipe (32) is distributed in the middle region of the shell (1); and the third pipe (33) is distributed in the edge region of the shell (1); The diameters of the first pipe member (31), the second pipe member (32) and the third pipe member (33) increase in sequence.

6. The shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second fixing assembly (7) includes a current collecting member (71) and a fixing member (72), wherein the fixing member (72) is fixedly mounted on the current collecting member (71), and the transition pipe member (34) passes through the fixing member (72) and is slidably connected to the fixing member (72); The collecting member (71) has a cold liquid portion (710) and a hot liquid portion (711); the first through portions (36) of the first pipe member (31), the second pipe member (32), and the third pipe member (33) are respectively connected to the cold liquid portion (710); and the second through portions (37) of the first pipe member (31), the second pipe member (32), and the third pipe member (33) are respectively connected to the hot liquid portion (711); The first pipe fitting (31), the second pipe fitting (32) and the third pipe fitting (33) respectively have a U-shaped portion (35), and the U-shaped portions (35) of the first pipe fitting (31), the second pipe fitting (32) and the third pipe fitting (33) are arranged close to the liquid inlet portion (13).

7. The shell and tube high efficiency heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first sealing member (38) is sleeved on one end of the transition pipe (34) that is slidably connected to the fixing member (72); one end of the first sealing member (38) is rotatably connected to the transition pipe (34), and the other end is rotatably connected to the fixing member (72); The first sealing member (38) is elastic and is used to seal a sliding connection gap between the transition pipe member (34) and the fixing member (72).

8. The shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that: A support portion (712) is provided on the surface of the current collecting member (71), one end of the support portion (712) is fixedly connected to the collecting member, and the other end is fixedly connected to the body of the shell (1); The supporting portion (712) is elastic; The support portion (712) is sleeved with a corrugated portion, which has a telescopic function.

9. The shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance adjustment component (8) comprises a first elastic member (81), a second elastic member (82), a positioning pull member (83) and a position adjustment member (84); one end of the positioning pull member (83) passes through the first fixing component (6) and the second fixing component (7) in sequence and is slidably connected to the first fixing component (6) and the second fixing component (7) respectively; the other end of the positioning pull member (83) passes through the first flow control component (4) and the second flow control component (5); The first elastic member (81) is sleeved on the positioning rod, one end of the first elastic member (81) is fixedly connected to the end of the positioning rod, and the other end abuts against the surface of the second fixing component (7); One end of the positioning member (84) passes through the second fixing assembly (7) and the positioning rod in sequence, and the other end is located outside the second fixing assembly (7), and the positioning member (84) is connected to the positioning rod and the second fixing assembly (7) in a plug-in manner. The second elastic member (82) is sleeved on the positioning pull member (83), and a plurality of second elastic members (82) are provided, and the number of the second elastic members (82) is the sum of the number of the first flow control component (4) and the second flow control component (5); The positioning pull member (83) has a limiting portion (830), and a plurality of limiting portions (830) are provided. The number of limiting portions (830) is consistent with the number of second elastic members (82), and the plurality of limiting portions (830) are installed at intervals on the body of the positioning pull member (83); One end of the second elastic member (82) abuts against the heat conduction component (9), and the other end abuts against the first flow control component (4), and the end of the first flow control component (4) away from the second elastic member (82) abuts against the limiting portion (830), and / or one end of the second elastic member (82) abuts against the heat conduction component (9), and the other end abuts against the second flow control component (5), and the end of the second flow control component (5) away from the second elastic member (82) abuts against the limiting portion (830).

10. A method for preparing a shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger, applied to a shell and tube high-efficiency heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: S1: Determine the optimal pipe diameter ratio; S2: The first and second baffles are processed by CNC stamping and laser cutting; the heat exchange fins are made of powder metallurgy sintered aluminum alloy and copper-based alloy; S3: For the first, second and third copper tubes, the expansion pressure gradient is controlled at 5 to 15 MPa, ensuring that the interference of the heat exchange fins is 0.15 to 0.2 mm; S4: The U-shaped portion (35) is processed by three-dimensional CNC pipe bending technology, with a bending radius of 2.5 times the pipe diameter, and the symmetry error is less than 0.3 mm; S5: Designing a variable pitch elastic spring to obtain an elastic spring in which the elastic modulus fluctuation of the first elastic member (81) and the second elastic member (82) is less than 8% within an adjustment range of 50 to 100 mm; S6: The positioning rod is provided with a plurality of holes for the positioning member (84) to penetrate by numerically controlled drilling; S7: Robot laser cutting 45-degree bevel, blunt edge 0.5 to 1.0 mm, machine vision inspection angle error is less than 0.5 degrees; S8: welding current 220 to 280A, back argon protection, penetration uniformity of 95%; S9: Local induction heating to 600 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes, cooling rate less than or equal to 50 degrees Celsius per hour, eliminating 85% of the stress; S10: Assemble in sequence.

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