Runoff sediment monitoring system and method

Abstract

The invention provides a runoff and sediment monitoring system and method, and relates to the technical field of sediment monitoring, the runoff and sediment monitoring system comprises a slope runoff collection assembly, a diversion assembly, a first flow collection barrel, a second flow collection barrel and a sampling assembly; a water outlet of the slope runoff collecting assembly is connected with a water inlet of the flow dividing assembly, and a runoff sensor is arranged on the slope runoff collecting assembly; the shunting assembly comprises a first water outlet, a second water outlet and a third water outlet which are respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve, and heating layers are uniformly distributed on the surface of a pipeline in the shunting assembly; the first water outlet and the second water outlet are both connected with the flow collecting barrel, and the third water outlet is connected with the sampling assembly; a plurality of layers of inclined partition plates are arranged in the flow collecting barrel; drainage port electromagnetic valves are arranged at the bottoms of the curved surfaces of the flow collecting barrels; a temperature sensor, a liquid level sensor and a weighing sensor are arranged in each flow collecting barrel; the runoff sensor, the temperature sensor, the liquid level sensor, the weighing sensor and the heating layer are jointly connected with a single-chip microcomputer so as to monitor runoff and sediment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sediment monitoring, and in particular to a runoff sediment monitoring system and method. Background Art

[0002] Runoff sediment refers to soil particles carried by water as it passes over the land surface, due to factors such as precipitation or irrigation. As water flows over land, especially on sloping terrain, it erodes the soil surface, carrying sediment into the water body and forming runoff sediment. The content, particle size, and composition of runoff sediment often reflect the extent of soil erosion and land degradation.

[0003] Runoff sediment monitoring is crucial for assessing soil erosion, soil loss, and the quality of the water environment. Real-time, accurate monitoring of runoff sediment content provides scientific data to support the development of soil and water conservation measures, land protection, and disaster prevention and mitigation. Sediment levels, particularly in agricultural areas and on sloping land, directly impact water quality, river sedimentation, and the ecological environment of lakes. Monitoring runoff sediment not only assesses the current status of soil degradation and soil erosion but also provides a basis for future soil and water conservation efforts, effectively preventing the decline in agricultural productivity and water pollution caused by excessive sediment loss.

[0004] However, in the existing runoff and sediment monitoring process, staff need to go to the site regularly to manually collect runoff samples next to the runoff area. For example, they use water storage tanks or bailer tubes to collect water, and then take the samples back to the laboratory for filtration, drying, weighing and other operations to calculate the sediment content. This process requires multiple manual transfers and sample processing, which is time-consuming and susceptible to environmental interference. The collection and discharge of runoff require too much manual intervention, and automatic monitoring of runoff cannot be completed automatically. In addition, the water flow interference fluctuates greatly during the test, resulting in insufficient monitoring accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems in the existing runoff and sediment monitoring technology, that is, the collection and discharge of runoff require too much manual intervention, the automatic monitoring of runoff cannot be completed automatically, and the water flow interference fluctuates greatly during the test process, resulting in insufficient monitoring accuracy, the present invention provides a runoff and sediment monitoring system and method.

[0006] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] First aspect

[0008] An embodiment of the present invention provides a runoff and sediment monitoring system, the system comprising: a slope runoff collection component, a diversion component, a first flow collecting bucket, a second flow collecting bucket, and a sampling component;

[0009] The water outlet of the slope runoff collection component is connected to the water inlet of the diversion component, and a runoff sensor is provided on the slope runoff collection component;

[0010] The diversion assembly includes a first water outlet, a second water outlet, and a third water outlet, each of which has a solenoid valve, and a heating layer is arranged on the surface of the pipes in the diversion assembly;

[0011] The first water outlet is connected to the first collecting bucket, the second water outlet is connected to the second collecting bucket, and the third water outlet is connected to the sampling assembly;

[0012] The first collecting barrel and the second collecting barrel are both provided with multiple layers of inclined partitions in the water flow path;

[0013] The curved bottoms of the first collecting barrel and the second collecting barrel are both provided with drain outlet solenoid valves;

[0014] The first collecting barrel and the second collecting barrel are both provided with a temperature sensor, a liquid level sensor and a weighing sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is connected to the heating layer;

[0015] The runoff sensor, temperature sensor, liquid level sensor, weighing sensor and heating layer are all connected to the microcontroller to monitor the runoff and sediment.

[0016] Second aspect

[0017] An embodiment of the present invention provides a runoff sediment monitoring method, which is applied to the fracturing and permeability enhancement experimental system of the first aspect. The method includes:

[0018] S1: Obtain runoff signal through runoff sensor;

[0019] S2: When a runoff signal is obtained, the drain outlet solenoid valve is closed;

[0020] S3: Input the runoff signal to the single chip microcomputer, and control the switching frequency of the solenoid valves of the first water outlet and the second water outlet through the PID controller;

[0021] S4: Controlling the opening and closing states of the solenoid valves of the first water outlet and the second water outlet respectively according to the cyclic switching frequency of the solenoid valves, so as to cyclically measure the sediment content of the water flow to be measured through the first collecting bucket and the second collecting bucket, and outputting the sediment content of the water flow to be measured;

[0022] S5: controlling the on / off state of the electromagnetic valve of the third water outlet according to the cyclic switching frequency of the electromagnetic valve to sample the water flow to be measured, so as to obtain the water flow samples of the sediment content of each water flow to be measured;

[0023] S6: Output the sediment content of the water flow to be measured as the runoff sediment monitoring result of the water flow sample to be measured.

[0024] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0025] In an embodiment of the present invention, by integrating a slope runoff collection component, a diversion component, a collection bucket, and a sampling component, runoff collection and discharge can be automated, reducing manual intervention and improving monitoring efficiency. The system's multi-layered inclined baffles, temperature, liquid level, and weighing sensors, as well as a heating layer, help stabilize water flow and reduce fluctuations in flow disturbances to accurately measure sediment content, significantly improving the accuracy and real-time nature of monitoring data. Furthermore, all components in the system are connected via a single-chip microcomputer, supporting intelligent control and automatic data collection, ensuring effective, long-term, and high-frequency monitoring, demonstrating strong practicality and reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a runoff and sediment monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of another runoff and sediment monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a first collecting bucket and a second collecting bucket provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a slope runoff collection assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a flow diversion component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of another flow diversion component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a diversion assembly pipeline provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the connection structure of a single chip microcomputer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 A schematic flow chart of a runoff sediment monitoring method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals:

[0037] 1. Slope runoff collection component; 2. Diversion component; 201. Water inlet; 202. First water outlet; 203. Second water outlet; 204. Third water outlet; 205. Solenoid valve; 206. Heating layer; 207. Insulation layer; 3. First collecting barrel; 4. Second collecting barrel; 5. Sampling component; 501. Rotatable sampling plate; 502. Sampling tube; 6. Filter; 7. Inclined partition; 8. Drain solenoid valve; 9. Temperature sensor; 10. Liquid level sensor; 11. Weighing sensor; 12. Single-chip microcomputer; 13. Buzzer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0039] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as an "exemplary" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "and / or" can mean both or either of the two.

[0040] In the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, when the distinction between them is not emphasized, their intended meanings are the same. The terms "of," "corresponding," and "corresponding" may be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, when the distinction between them is not emphasized, their intended meanings are the same.

[0041] In the embodiments of the present invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be mistakenly written as a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meanings to be expressed are the same.

[0042] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0043] Reference Manual Figure 1 , which shows a structural schematic diagram of a runoff and sediment monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Reference Manual Figure 2 , shows a structural schematic diagram of another runoff and sediment monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Reference Manual Figure 3, showing a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a first collecting barrel and a second collecting barrel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Reference Manual Figure 4 , showing a structural schematic diagram of a slope runoff collection component provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Reference Manual Figure 5 , showing a structural schematic diagram of a diversion component provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Reference Manual Figure 6 , showing a structural schematic diagram of another diversion component provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Reference Manual Figure 7 , showing a structural schematic diagram of a diversion component pipeline provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Reference Manual Figure 8 , shows a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a single-chip microcomputer provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] An embodiment of the present invention provides a runoff and sediment monitoring system, comprising: a slope runoff collection component 1, a diversion component 2, a first collecting bucket 3, a second collecting bucket 4, and a sampling component 5. The outlet of the slope runoff collection component 1 is connected to the water inlet 201 of the diversion component 2, and a runoff sensor is provided on the slope runoff collection component 1. The diversion component 2 includes a first outlet 202, a second outlet 203, and a third outlet 204, each of which has a solenoid valve 205. A heating layer 206 is provided on the surface of the pipes in the diversion component 2. The first outlet 202 is connected to the first collecting bucket 3, the second outlet 203 is connected to the second collecting bucket 4, and the third outlet 204 is connected to the sampling component 5. The first collecting bucket 3 and the second collecting bucket 4 are both provided with multiple layers of inclined partitions 7 in the water flow path. The curved bottoms of the first collecting bucket 3 and the second collecting bucket 4 are both provided with a drain solenoid valve 8. A temperature sensor 9, a liquid level sensor 10, and a weighing sensor 11 are provided inside the first collecting barrel 3 and the second collecting barrel 4. The temperature sensor 9 is connected to the heating layer 206. The runoff sensor, the temperature sensor 9, the liquid level sensor 10, the weighing sensor 11, and the heating layer 206 are connected to a single-chip microcomputer 12.

[0052] The slope runoff collection assembly 1 collects runoff water flowing down the slope. Sensors measure its velocity and flow rate. The outlet directs the runoff to the diversion assembly 2 for further processing. The diversion assembly 2 distributes the runoff to different outlets. It includes three outlets, connected to a collection bucket and a sampling assembly 5. Each outlet is controlled by a solenoid valve 205, effectively regulating the flow path. The first and second collection buckets 3 and 4 collect the water directed by the diversion assembly 2. Each bucket has a drain solenoid valve 8 at the bottom to control water discharge. Temperature, level, and weighing sensors 11 are also installed inside the buckets to monitor the liquid level and sediment content in real time. The sampling assembly 5 extracts samples from the runoff for sediment analysis. The sampling assembly 5 automatically collects samples regularly, reducing manual intervention and ensuring data accuracy. The multi-layer inclined baffles 7 inside the first and second collection buckets 4 are designed to accelerate water settling and stratification, resulting in more uniform sediment distribution and improved measurement accuracy. The diversion assembly 2 is a three-port assembly. The water pipes throughout the assembly are all equipped with heating layers 206, which maintain a stable water temperature within the pipes and reduce the impact of temperature fluctuations on sensors and measurement results. This ensures the system operates normally even in freezing temperatures. The system is equipped with temperature sensors 9, liquid level sensors 10, and weighing sensors 11. These sensors are connected to a single-chip microcomputer 12 to enable real-time data collection and processing, ensuring intelligent control and automated operation of the system.

[0053] In actual application, the slope runoff collection component 1 collects the flowing water and distributes it to different buckets and sampling components 5 through the diversion component 2. Each collecting bucket is equipped with multiple layers of inclined partitions 7 to ensure sediment sedimentation. The drain outlet solenoid valve 8 can control the discharge of water, and the temperature, liquid level and weighing sensor 11 monitors the water level and sediment content in the bucket in real time. The heating layer 206 adjusts the pipe temperature to avoid the influence of temperature differences on measurement accuracy. The system realizes automatic control and data acquisition through the single-chip microcomputer 12, greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of measurement. The advantages of this monitoring system are its high degree of automation, accurate real-time data monitoring, reduced human intervention, and improved accuracy and reliability of soil and water loss monitoring.

[0054] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0055] In an embodiment of the present invention, by integrating the slope runoff collection component 1, the diversion component 2, the collection bucket, and the sampling component 5, runoff collection and discharge can be completed automatically, reducing manual intervention and improving monitoring efficiency. The multi-layer inclined partition 7, temperature, liquid level, and weighing sensors 11, and the heating layer 206 provided in the system help stabilize the water flow, accurately measure the sediment content, and reduce the interference and fluctuation of the water flow, significantly improving the accuracy and real-time nature of the monitoring data. In addition, all components in the system are connected through the single-chip microcomputer 12, supporting intelligent control and automatic data collection, ensuring long-term, high-frequency and effective monitoring, and having strong practicality and reliability.

[0056] In a possible embodiment, a filter screen 6 is provided around the top of the slope runoff collection assembly 1 .

[0057] It should be noted that the filter screen 6 is installed around the top of the slope runoff collection assembly 1. This is primarily to prevent larger particles of debris, garbage, or plant debris from entering the collection system. This ensures that sediment particles in the runoff are not interfered with by impurities, ensuring the accuracy of the sensor and subsequent analysis. This design helps to extend the system's service life and improve the reliability of the monitoring results.

[0058] In one possible embodiment, the sampling assembly 5 includes a rotatable sampling plate 501 and multiple sampling tubes 502. Each of the sampling tubes 502 is mounted on the rotatable sampling plate 501. The sampling tubes 502 form a rotatable sampling array with the center of the sampling assembly 5 as the axis.

[0059] It should be noted that the sampling assembly 5 comprises a rotatable sampling plate and multiple sampling tubes 502. The rotatable sampling plate 501 drives the sampling tubes 502 to rotate about a central axis, automatically acquiring runoff samples at various locations. By rotating the array, the sampling assembly 5 can perform multi-point sampling at different times and locations in the water flow, ensuring the collection of representative sediment samples, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of monitoring.

[0060] In a possible embodiment, the inclined partitions 7 are inclined toward the bottom of the curved surface, and the layers of inclined partitions 7 are arranged crosswise.

[0061] It should be noted that the inclined baffles 7 are oriented toward the curved bottom of the collecting barrel, resulting in a staggered arrangement of each layer. This structure helps guide water flow along an inclined path, promoting sediment settling and preventing sediment from being agitated in the water flow, thereby improving sediment settling efficiency and measurement accuracy. The staggered arrangement of the baffles enhances the uniformity of water flow distribution and ensures more stable sedimentation at each layer.

[0062] In a possible implementation, a heat-insulating layer 207 is uniformly distributed on the surface of the pipe in the diversion component 2 , and the heat-insulating layer 207 is located outside the heating layer 206 .

[0063] It should be noted that the pipe surface of the diversion component 2 is provided with an insulation layer 207, located outside the heating layer 206. The function of the insulation layer 207 is to reduce the impact of the external ambient temperature on the temperature of the water flowing in the pipe, ensuring that the heating layer 206 can efficiently and stably maintain a constant water temperature in the pipe, thereby reducing sensor errors caused by temperature fluctuations. Heating can also prevent the water from freezing in low-temperature environments, improving the accuracy of monitoring results, the stability of the system, and the applicable scenarios.

[0064] In a possible embodiment, the curved bottom is specifically a curved structure with a preset inclination angle and a center of the bottom as an axis, wherein the curved structure is consistent with the inclination direction of the inclined partition 7 .

[0065] It should be noted that the curved structure, with the center of the bottom surface as its axis, is tilted at a preset angle, allowing water to flow smoothly toward the bottom drain outlet. The inclination of this curved structure aligns with the direction of the inclined baffle 7, further guiding the flow and sediment settling. This design helps accelerate sediment settling, ensuring efficient sediment deposition within the system while avoiding water flow interference, and improving monitoring and measurement accuracy. Furthermore, it ensures that sediment is completely discharged during the drainage process.

[0066] In a possible implementation manner, a buzzer 13 is also included.

[0067] The buzzer 13 is connected to the liquid level sensor 10 and the single chip microcomputer 12 respectively.

[0068] As you can understand, buzzer 13 is connected to liquid level sensor 10 and microcontroller 12. When the flow rate exceeds the device's range or a device malfunction occurs, buzzer 13 sounds an alarm, alerting the user to the abnormality. At this point, the system automatically activates a self-protection mechanism, disconnecting power to all components and shutting down operations. This prevents damage from overload or malfunction, minimizing potential losses. This design enhances system safety and reliability.

[0069] Reference Manual Figure 9 , which shows a flow chart of a runoff sediment monitoring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] The present invention also provides a runoff and sediment monitoring method, which is applied to the above-mentioned runoff and sediment monitoring system, and the method comprises:

[0071] S1: Obtain the runoff signal through the runoff sensor.

[0072] Runoff signals refer to real-time data related to water flow measured by runoff sensors, typically including information such as flow rate, velocity, or water level. This data is used to reflect changes in water flow and provide a basis for subsequent control and analysis.

[0073] S2: When the runoff signal is obtained, the drain outlet solenoid valve 8 is closed.

[0074] It should be noted that after the runoff signal is acquired, the drain outlet solenoid valve 8 is closed to prevent water from being discharged at this time, thereby ensuring accurate measurement of water flow and sediment. This operation helps stabilize the water flow conditions, avoids the influence of the drain outlet on the water flow state and measurement results, and ensures the accuracy of the data in subsequent steps.

[0075] S3: Input the runoff signal to the single chip microcomputer 12, and control the switching frequency of the electromagnetic valve 205 of the first water outlet 202 and the second water outlet 203 through the PID controller.

[0076] Among them, the PID controller is a commonly used automatic control system that adjusts the error through three control methods: proportional (P), integral (I) and differential (D) to achieve precise control of the system output. In water flow control, the PID controller maintains the required water flow state by continuously adjusting the control quantity (the switching frequency of the solenoid valve 205). The runoff signal is input to the single-chip microcomputer 12, and the PID controller adjusts the switching frequency of the solenoid valve 205 of the first water outlet 202 and the second water outlet 203 based on the current error calculation. In this way, the PID controller can dynamically control the switching frequency of the solenoid valve 205, ensure the stable flow of water and achieve accurate sediment content measurement, further improving the accuracy and response speed of the monitoring process.

[0077] In a possible implementation, S3 specifically includes:

[0078] S301: Acquire the liquid level in the collecting tank corresponding to the solenoid valve 205 in the open state.

[0079] S302: Determine the liquid level difference between the maximum liquid level of the collecting bucket and the liquid level of the collecting bucket.

[0080] S303: Based on the liquid level difference, the switching frequency of the solenoid valve 205 is output through the PID controller:

[0081]

[0082] Wherein, u(t) represents the switching frequency of the solenoid valve 205 at time t, K p , K i and K dThey represent the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and differential coefficient respectively, e(t) represents the liquid level difference at time t, e(t-1) represents the liquid level difference at time t-1, Δt represents the sampling period representing the time interval between each update of the PID controller, and e(k) represents the liquid level difference at time k, where k = 0, 1, 2,…, t.

[0083] Specifically, solenoid valve 205 controls the flow of fluid (in this case, the liquid level). The liquid level is controlled by adjusting the switching frequency of solenoid valve 205. If the liquid level is too high, the switching frequency of solenoid valve 205 should be increased to discharge more liquid. If the liquid level is too low, the switching frequency of solenoid valve 205 should be decreased.

[0084] S304 : Control the solenoid valves 205 at the first water outlet 202 and the second water outlet 203 according to the switching frequency of the solenoid valves 205 .

[0085] It should be noted that by regulating the switching frequency of solenoid valve 205 through a PID controller, the liquid level in the collecting tank can be precisely controlled. Using the liquid level difference as a feedback signal, the PID controller dynamically adjusts the switching frequency of solenoid valve 205 to maintain the liquid level within a predetermined range. When the liquid level is too high, the discharge volume is increased. When the liquid level is too low, the discharge volume is reduced. This ensures the stable collection and accurate measurement of water flow and sediment, avoiding measurement errors or water flow interference caused by excessive liquid level fluctuations. This control method improves the system's response speed and accuracy, ensuring continuous and reliable sediment monitoring.

[0086] S4: According to the cyclic switching frequency of the solenoid valve 205, the opening and closing states of the first water outlet 202 and the second water outlet 203 are controlled respectively, so as to perform cyclic measurement of the sediment content of the water flow to be measured through the first collecting bucket 3 and the second collecting bucket 4, and output the sediment content of the water flow to be measured.

[0087] It should be noted that alternating operation of the two collecting buckets is achieved by alternately controlling the on / off states of the solenoid valves 205 at the first and second water outlets 202 and 203. This allows for multiple cycles of sediment concentration measurements of the water flow under test in each collecting bucket. This alternating control enables the system to continuously and stably monitor the sediment concentration of the water flow and output accurate water flow sample data, ensuring real-time and reliable measurement results.

[0088] S5: controlling the on / off state of the electromagnetic valve 205 of the third water outlet 204 according to the switching frequency of the electromagnetic valve 205 to sample the water flow to be measured, so as to obtain water flow samples of the sediment content of each water flow to be measured.

[0089] It should be noted that by controlling the opening and closing state of the solenoid valve 205 at the third water outlet 204 according to its switching frequency, timed sampling of the water flow to be measured is achieved. Each switching cycle corresponds to the collection of a water flow sample, which is then used to further analyze the sediment content of the water flow. In this way, the system can automatically collect multiple water flow samples, providing accurate data support for subsequent sediment content analysis, ensuring comprehensive and accurate monitoring.

[0090] S6: Output the sediment content of the water flow to be measured as the runoff sediment monitoring result of the water flow sample to be measured.

[0091] Table 1. Temperature coefficient table

[0092] Temperature (℃) T Temperature Coefficient 0 1.81 1 1.72 2 0.05 3 0.01 4 0.00 5 0.01 6 0.91 7 0.11 8 0.20 9 0.31 10 0.44 11 0.59 12 0.76 13 0.95 14 1.16 15 1.40 16 1.65 17 1.92 18 2.20 19 2.51 20 2.83 21 3.17 22 3.52 23 3.90 24 4.28 25 4.69 26 5.10 27 5.54 28 5.99 29 6.45 30 6.92

[0093] In actual application, the model default soil density is 2.65g / cm 3 , then the measurement principle of the sediment content of the water flow to be measured is as follows: the weighing sensor 11 monitors the total mass M (kg) of the runoff sediment and the liquid level sensor 10 monitors the total volume V (m 3 ), and then the model is applied to calculate the sediment content S (kg / m 3 ). That is, the formula for calculating sediment content using the sediment-mass-volume model (SMV model) is:

[0094]

[0095] Among them, S is the sediment content of the water flow to be measured, unit is kg / m 3 ; M is the total mass of runoff sediment, unit is kg, V is the total volume of runoff sediment, unit is m 3 , T is the temperature coefficient, and the specific values are shown in Table 1.

[0096] In a possible implementation manner, after S6, the method further includes:

[0097] The runoff sediment monitoring result is corrected according to the detected temperature of the temperature sensor 9 and the preset rules.

[0098] Among them, the preset rules refer to mathematical or logical rules pre-set in the monitoring system based on the actual measured temperature data, which are used to correct or adjust the sediment monitoring results. Since temperature changes will affect the physical properties of water flow, such as density, viscosity, etc., the preset rules can adjust the monitoring results according to different temperatures to compensate for the errors caused by temperature. The temperature data obtained by the temperature sensor 9 can be used to correct the runoff sediment monitoring results. This is because temperature has an impact on the characteristics of water flow, which may cause deviations in the measured sediment content. Through the preset rules, the system can automatically adjust the monitoring results according to different temperature values, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the data. This correction process helps to maintain the consistency and accuracy of the monitoring results under different environmental conditions.

[0099] During actual application, the runoff sensor first obtains a real-time signal of the water flow, and on this basis, closes the outlet solenoid valve 8, solenoid valve 205, to store water. Then, the PID controller dynamically adjusts the switching frequency of the solenoid valve 205 to control the flow rate and state of the water flow, ensuring that the collecting bucket can accurately reach the predetermined water level. On this basis, the system controls the solenoid valves 205 of the first and second water outlets 203 to achieve cyclic measurement of the sediment content of the water flow, and performs regular sampling through the third water outlet 204 to obtain different water flow samples. Finally, through the analysis of these water samples, the system outputs accurate sediment monitoring results. The entire process is controlled intelligently, greatly improving monitoring efficiency and data accuracy, ensuring real-time and accurate measurement of the sediment content of the water flow.

[0100] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0101] In an embodiment of the present invention, by integrating a slope runoff collection component, a diversion component, a collection bucket, and a sampling component, runoff collection and discharge can be automated, reducing manual intervention and improving monitoring efficiency. The system's multi-layered inclined baffles, temperature, liquid level, and weighing sensors, as well as a heating layer, help stabilize water flow, accurately measure sediment content, and reduce flow disturbances, significantly improving the accuracy and real-time nature of monitoring data. Furthermore, all components in the system are connected via a single-chip microcomputer, supporting intelligent control and automatic data collection, ensuring effective, long-term, and high-frequency monitoring, demonstrating strong practicality and reliability.

[0102] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiments of the present invention may be a central processing unit (CPU), and the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0103] It should also be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present invention may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, many forms of random access memory (RAM) are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus RAM (DR RAM).

[0104] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part through software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware, or any other combination. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer program are loaded or executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention are generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via a wired method (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage system such as a server or data center that contains a collection of one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or tape), an optical medium (such as a DVD), or a semiconductor medium. The semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0105] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein simply describes a relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A alone, A and B together, or B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, the character " / " as used herein generally indicates an "or" relationship between the associated objects, but it may also indicate an "and / or" relationship. For specific understanding, please refer to the context.

[0106] In this disclosure, "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c" can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or plural.

[0107] It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present invention, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0108] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0109] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0110] In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0111] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0112] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0113] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer system (which can be a personal computer, server, or network system, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0114] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

[0115] There are a few points to note:

[0116] (1) The drawings of the embodiments of the present invention only relate to the structures related to the embodiments of the present invention. Other structures may refer to conventional designs.

[0117] (2) For the sake of clarity, the thickness of layers or regions in the drawings used to describe the embodiments of the present invention are exaggerated or reduced, that is, these drawings are not drawn to scale. It is understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, the element may be "directly" "on" or "under" the other element or intervening elements may be present.

[0118] (3) In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features therein may be combined with each other to form new embodiments.

[0119] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A runoff sediment monitoring system, characterized in that: include: Slope runoff collection assembly, diversion assembly, first collecting barrel, second collecting barrel and sampling assembly; The water outlet of the slope runoff collection component is connected to the water inlet of the diversion component, and the slope runoff collection component is provided with a runoff sensor; The diversion assembly comprises a first water outlet, a second water outlet and a third water outlet, each of which has a solenoid valve, and a heating layer is provided on the surface of the pipes in the diversion assembly; The first water outlet is connected to the first collecting barrel, the second water outlet is connected to the second collecting barrel, and the third water outlet is connected to the sampling assembly; The first collecting barrel and the second collecting barrel are both provided with multiple layers of inclined partitions in the water flow path; The curved bottoms of the first collecting barrel and the second collecting barrel are both provided with drain outlet solenoid valves; A temperature sensor, a liquid level sensor and a weighing sensor are provided inside the first collecting barrel and the second collecting barrel, wherein the temperature sensor is connected to the heating layer; The runoff sensor, the temperature sensor, the liquid level sensor, the weighing sensor and the heating layer are commonly connected to a single chip microcomputer.

2. The runoff and sediment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Filter screens are arranged around the top of the slope runoff collection component.

3. The runoff and sediment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling assembly includes a rotatable sampling plate and a plurality of sampling tubes. Each of the sampling tubes is mounted on the rotatable sampling plate. Each of the sampling tubes forms a rotatable sampling array with the center of the sampling assembly as an axis.

4. The runoff and sediment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclined partitions are inclined toward the bottom of the curved surface, and the inclined partitions of each layer are arranged crosswise.

5. The runoff and sediment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surfaces of the pipes in the diversion assembly are uniformly provided with a heat-insulating layer, and the heat-insulating layer is located outside the heating layer.

6. The runoff and sediment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curved bottom is specifically a curved structure with a preset inclination angle and a center of the bottom as an axis, wherein the curved structure is consistent with the inclination direction of the inclined partition.

7. The runoff and sediment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes a buzzer; The buzzer is connected to the liquid level sensor and the single chip microcomputer respectively.

8. A runoff sediment monitoring method, characterized in that: The runoff and sediment monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises: S1: obtaining a runoff signal through the runoff sensor; S2: When the runoff signal is obtained, closing the drain outlet solenoid valve; S3: Inputting the runoff signal into the single chip microcomputer, and controlling the switching frequency of the solenoid valves of the first water outlet and the second water outlet through a PID controller; S4: controlling the opening and closing states of the solenoid valves of the first water outlet and the second water outlet respectively according to the cyclic switching frequency of the solenoid valves, so as to cyclically measure the sediment content of the water flow to be measured through the first collecting bucket and the second collecting bucket, and outputting the sediment content of the water flow to be measured; S5: controlling the on / off state of the electromagnetic valve of the third water outlet according to the cyclic switching frequency of the electromagnetic valve to sample the water flow to be measured, so as to obtain the water flow samples to be measured with respect to the sediment content of each water flow to be measured; S6: Outputting the sediment content of the water flow to be measured as the runoff sediment monitoring result of the water flow sample to be measured.

9. The runoff sediment monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The S3 specifically includes: S301: Obtain the liquid level of the collecting tank corresponding to the solenoid valve in the open state; S302: Determine the liquid level difference between the maximum liquid level in the collecting bucket and the liquid level in the collecting bucket; S303: Based on the liquid level difference, the solenoid valve switching frequency is output through the PID controller: Among them, u(t) represents the switching frequency of the solenoid valve at time t, K p , K i and K d They represent the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and differential coefficient respectively, e(t) represents the liquid level difference at time t, e(t-1) represents the liquid level difference at time t-1, Δt represents the sampling period representing the time interval between each update of the PID controller, and e(k) represents the liquid level difference at time k, where k = 0, 1, 2,…, t. S304: Control the first water outlet solenoid valve and the second water outlet solenoid valve according to the switching frequency of the solenoid valve.

10. The runoff sediment monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After S6, the method further includes: The runoff sediment monitoring result is corrected according to the detected temperature of the temperature sensor according to preset rules.

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