Water tank test system suitable for research on transverse distribution rule of bed load sediment transport rate

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water tank tests, in particular to a water tank test system suitable for transverse distribution rule research of bed load sediment transport rate, which comprises a water tank pool, a sampling device and a conveying device, the water tank pool is used for simulating a river, and the middle part of the water tank pool is provided with a sand leakage port; the sampling device comprises a plurality of temporary bed load storage cavities, plug valves and the like, so that sediment sampling can be realized; the conveying device conveys silt below the sampling device; the plurality of temporary bed load storage cavities can realize intermittent storage and sampling of bed loads; due to the arrangement of the plug valve and a special connection mode, the on-off and flowing of a medium can be flexibly controlled; the transmission gear, the driving rack and the driving gear are matched, the plug valve can be driven by the self-locking motor to rotate, and synchronous operation is achieved; the first control circuit can drive the self-locking motor to rotate, so that the sampling action of the whole device is completed, and the intermittent sampling requirement of the bed load sediment transport test is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of flume tests, and in particular to a flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution law of bed load sediment transport rate. Background Art

[0002] Studying the lateral distribution of bedload transport rate is crucial in numerous fields, including water conservancy engineering, river dynamics, and ecological and environmental research. Accurately understanding the lateral distribution of bedload transport rate can help researchers better understand river evolution, predict erosion and siltation in river channels, and provide a scientific basis for the planning, design, and maintenance of water conservancy facilities. This also plays a crucial role in protecting river ecosystems, ensuring navigation safety, and rationally developing and utilizing water resources. As attention to the health and sustainable development of river ecosystems continues to grow, the need for precise research on the lateral distribution of bedload transport rate is becoming increasingly urgent.

[0003] In previous studies on the lateral distribution of bed load transport rate, the following methods are usually used. First, the manual sampling method, that is, researchers manually use simple sampling tools to collect sediment samples at different locations in the river. This method requires researchers to stay at the riverside for a long time and judge the sampling location and time based on experience. The operation is cumbersome and labor-intensive. Second, the fixed-point monitoring method, which collects sediment data by installing fixed monitoring equipment at specific locations in the river. Although this method can achieve a certain degree of automated monitoring, it can only obtain information at fixed locations, and it is difficult to fully reflect the lateral distribution of bed load transport rate in the entire river section. Third, the model test method, which uses a small flume to simulate river flow, but the traditional flume test system lacks efficient and accurate equipment for sampling and transporting sediment, and cannot meet research needs well.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned existing technologies have obvious defects. The manual sampling method is greatly affected by human factors, and the accuracy and consistency of sampling are difficult to guarantee. In addition, it is inefficient and cannot obtain a large amount of data in a timely manner. Due to the limited monitoring points, the fixed-point monitoring method cannot provide a comprehensive and detailed description of the complex hydrodynamic conditions and sediment movement patterns of the river. The traditional model test method lacks effective sampling and transportation equipment, resulting in the sediment samples collected being inaccurate and incomplete, and cannot truly reflect the lateral distribution pattern of the bed load transport rate, thus affecting the reliability and scientific nature of the research results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution law of bed load transport rate, which can truly reflect the lateral distribution law of bed load transport rate.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution law of bed load transport rate includes a flume tank, a sampling device and a conveying device.

[0008] The water tank is used to simulate a river, and a sand leak is formed in the middle of the water tank;

[0009] The sampling device includes a plurality of bed load temporary storage chambers, a plurality of stopcock valves, two transmission gears, a drive rack, a drive gear, a self-locking motor and a first control circuit;

[0010] Multiple bed load storage cavities are arranged in a columnar, vertical and parallel manner;

[0011] Each temporary bed load storage chamber is equipped with two plug valves from top to bottom, and the plug bodies of the multiple plug valves located on the upper side are coaxially fixedly connected and rotatable around the axis, while the plug bodies of the multiple plug valves located on the lower side are coaxially fixedly connected and rotatable around the axis; the medium channels of the two plug valves on the same temporary bed load storage chamber are arranged perpendicular to each other;

[0012] The two transmission gears are respectively coaxially fixedly connected to the plug bodies of two plug valves on a temporary storage chamber for the bed load;

[0013] The self-locking motor is fixedly arranged, the driving gear is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft of the self-locking motor, and the driving rack is meshed with the two transmission gears and the driving gear;

[0014] The first control circuit is electrically connected to the self-locking motor and is used to drive the self-locking motor to rotate;

[0015] The conveying device is arranged below the sampling device and is used for conveying the sediment collected by the sampling device.

[0016] Optionally, the first control circuit includes a power supply, a first spring switch, a second spring switch, a first double-control switch, a second double-control switch, a first electromagnet, a second electromagnet, a third electromagnet, a fourth electromagnet, a first wheel conductive mechanism and a second wheel conductive mechanism, wherein

[0017] The positive electrode of the power supply, the first electromagnet, the first wheel conductive mechanism, the third electromagnet, and the negative electrode of the power supply are electrically connected in sequence;

[0018] The positive electrode of the power supply, the third electromagnet, the second wheel conductive mechanism, the fourth electromagnet, and the negative electrode of the power supply are electrically connected in sequence;

[0019] The contact of the first double-control switch is electrically connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the contact of the second double-control switch is electrically connected to the negative pole of the power supply;

[0020] The first spring switch and the second spring switch are respectively fixedly mounted on both ends of the driving rack and spaced apart from the end of the driving rack;

[0021] The first static contact of the first double-control switch, the first spring switch, and the first connector of the self-locking motor are connected in sequence;

[0022] The second static contact of the first double-control switch, the second spring switch, and the second connector of the self-locking motor are connected in sequence;

[0023] The first static contact of the second double-control switch is connected to the second connector of the self-locking motor, and the second static contact of the second double-control switch is connected to the first connector of the self-locking motor;

[0024] The first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are respectively arranged on both sides of the contact of the first double-control switch; the third electromagnet and the fourth electromagnet are respectively arranged on both sides of the contact of the second double-control switch.

[0025] Optionally, the first wheel disc conductive mechanism and the second wheel disc conductive mechanism both include a mounting plate, a conductive rod, a drive motor and a plurality of conductive sheets. The mounting plate and the drive motor are fixedly arranged, one end of the conductive rod is insulated and connected to the rotating shaft of the drive motor, and the plurality of conductive sheets are mounted on the mounting plate in a ring-shaped manner and at equal intervals around the rotating shaft of the motor; the conductive rod can slide on the plate surface of the mounting plate, and the other end of the conductive rod can be operably contacted with the plurality of conductive sheets.

[0026] Optionally, one end of the conductive rod in the first wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the negative pole of the power supply through the third electromagnet; each conductive sheet in the first wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the first electromagnet through a corresponding switch; one end of the conductive rod in the second wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the negative pole of the power supply through the fourth electromagnet; each conductive sheet in the second wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the third electromagnet through a corresponding switch.

[0027] Optionally, the first control circuit further includes a first sliding rheostat and a second sliding rheostat, the first sliding rheostat being connected in series between the first static contact and the first spring switch of the first double-control switch; the second sliding rheostat being connected in series between the second static contact and the second spring switch of the first double-control switch.

[0028] Optionally, the conveying device includes a conveying mechanism, a sand receiving mechanism and a second control circuit, wherein

[0029] The transmission mechanism includes a conveyor belt, two transmission wheels, a motor, two pulleys and a belt; the two transmission wheels are arranged side by side with their axes parallel to each other, and the conveyor belt is wound around the two transmission wheels;

[0030] The motor is fixed, one pulley is mounted on the motor's shaft, the other pulley is coaxially mounted on the end of a transmission wheel, and the belt is wound around the two pulleys;

[0031] The sand receiving mechanism includes a plurality of sand receiving frames, which are arranged in a matrix on the conveyor belt and are located directly below the temporary storage chamber for the bed load;

[0032] The second control circuit includes a second power supply and a third wheel disc conductive mechanism. The second control circuit includes a second power supply and a third wheel disc conductive mechanism. The third wheel disc conductive mechanism has the same structure as the first wheel disc conductive mechanism and the second wheel disc conductive mechanism. Each conductive sheet of the third wheel disc conductive mechanism is electrically connected to an electrode of the second power supply, and one end of the conductive rod is connected in series with the motor and then electrically connected to the other electrode of the second power supply.

[0033] Optionally, every two adjacent sand receiving frames are connected through a pipeline; a filter is provided inside each sand receiving frame; and the filter is located above the connecting port between the sand receiving frame and the pipeline.

[0034] Optionally, the first control circuit also includes a first sliding rheostat and a second sliding rheostat, the first sliding rheostat is connected in series between the first static contact and the first spring switch of the first double-control switch; the second sliding rheostat is connected in series between the second static contact and the second spring switch of the first double-control switch; the second control circuit also includes a third sliding rheostat, the third sliding rheostat is connected in series between the motor and the other electrode of the second power supply.

[0035] Optionally, the water tank includes a water reservoir, a water pump, a water tank, a sedimentation tank and a tailwater tank arranged in sequence along the water flow direction;

[0036] One end of the water pump is connected to the water reservoir, and the other end is connected to the water tank;

[0037] The water tank is sequentially provided with a first energy dissipation grid, a communicating vessel, a thin-walled weir, and a second energy dissipation grid; the communicating vessel is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the water tank and is in communication with the interior of the water tank;

[0038] The sedimentation tank and tailwater tank are connected to the end of the water tank in sequence, and the tailwater tank is connected to the water storage tank;

[0039] The sand leakage port is located on the bottom surface of the water tank, and a sand retaining plate is installed at the sand leakage port, and the height of the sand retaining plate is adjustable.

[0040] Optionally, an upper end of the thin-wall weir is formed with an inclined surface, which faces the second energy dissipation grid.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. Multiple bed load temporary storage chambers enable intermittent storage and sampling of bed load. The stopcock's configuration and special connection method flexibly control the flow and on / off of the medium. The transmission gear, drive rack, and drive gear cooperate to enable the self-locking motor to drive the stopcock, achieving synchronous operation. The first control circuit drives the self-locking motor to complete the sampling operation of the entire device, meeting the intermittent sampling requirements of bed load sediment transport experiments.

[0043] 2. The first control circuit, with a specific structure, is powered by a first power supply and utilizes components such as the first and second disc conductive mechanisms to form different circuits. Simultaneously, the first and second double-control switches, first, second, third, and fourth electromagnets control the direction of power flow to the self-locking motor, thereby controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the self-locking motor. This causes the drive gear to drive the drive rack, ultimately controlling the rotation of the plug valve to meet the requirements of intermittent sampling in bedload transport experiments.

[0044] 3. The conductive rod of the wheel conductive mechanism rotates around the axis driven by the drive motor, contacting different conductive sheets to realize the conduction or disconnection of different circuits, thereby achieving more flexible and precise electrical control of the device, so that the device can stably and reliably perform intermittent sampling according to the predetermined program. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0046] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a water flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution law of bed load transport rate of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 A top view of a flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution law of bed load transport rate according to the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sampling device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the conveying device of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the bed load temporary storage chamber of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 A top view of the sand receiving mechanism of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 is a circuit schematic diagram of a first control circuit of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 4 is a circuit diagram of the second control circuit of the present invention.

[0054] In the figure: 1, temporary storage chamber for moving material; 2, stopcock; 3, transmission gear; 4, drive rack; 5, drive gear; 6, self-locking motor; 7, stopper; 8, first power supply; 9, first spring switch; 10, second spring switch; 11, first double-control switch; 12, second double-control switch; 13, first electromagnet; 14, second electromagnet; 15, third electromagnet; 16, fourth electromagnet; 17, first wheel conductive mechanism; 18, second wheel conductive mechanism; 19, mounting plate; 20, conductive rod; 21, conductive sheet; 22, first Sliding rheostat; 23. Second sliding rheostat; 24. Insulating pressure rod; 25. Conveyor belt; 26. Conveyor wheel; 27. Motor; 28. Pulley; 29. Belt; 30. Sand receiving frame; 31. Second power supply; 32. First energy dissipation grid; 33. Second energy dissipation grid; 34. Sand retaining plate; 35. Pipeline; 36. Filter; 37. Third sliding rheostat; 38. Support frame; 39. Roller assembly; 40. Reservoir; 41. Water pump; 42. Water trough; 43. Sedimentation tank; 44. Tailwater tank; 45. Connecting vessel; 46. Thin-walled weir. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The technical solutions in this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the present application generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application for which protection is claimed, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0056] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings. At the same time, in the description of this application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0057] In traditional bedload sediment transport testing, continuous devices are unable to achieve time-segmented sampling, resulting in mixed bedload data from different time periods and difficulty capturing intermittent sediment movement characteristics. Manual sampling relies on the operator's subjective judgment, and the sampling interval and duration are subject to randomness, affecting data consistency. While semi-automated devices can improve efficiency, they have complex mechanical structures and are difficult to coordinate and control multiple actuators. They are prone to transmission errors or jamming, which can cause sampling to deviate from the preset timing.

[0058] For example, when continuous sampling equipment is deployed in a laboratory simulated river channel, periodic changes in flow velocity cause the bedload to fluctuate in a pulsed manner. Existing equipment cannot accurately open the sampling channel during peak flow velocity, resulting in samples from periods of high sediment load being overwritten by subsequent samples of low sediment load.

[0059] If these issues are not addressed, test data will not accurately reflect the transient characteristics of bedload transport, leading to distorted parameters in river channel evolution prediction models. Asynchrony between multiple actuators will increase mechanical wear and shorten device life. Deviations in sampling timing may mask critical thresholds in sediment transport, compromising the reliability of anti-scour designs for hydraulic projects.

[0060] When faced with the above problems, the present application first considers how to achieve independent sampling in multiple time periods and eliminate the synchronization error of the actuator. The traditional continuous device is unable to collect data in different time periods, resulting in mixed data. The present application attempts to adopt multiple independent temporary storage chamber structures, but finds that the individual control of the plug valves in each cavity requires multiple drive sources, which increases the complexity of the structure. In response to this, the study turns to how to synchronously control multiple groups of valves through a single power source. By analyzing the transmission characteristics of the gear rack, it is found that after the upper and lower layers of the plug valves are coaxially connected, a double transmission gear is used to drive the rack, so that all valves can be opened and closed synchronously under the drive of a single motor. Among them, the vertical setting of the plug valve medium channel ensures the alternating opening and closing logic of the upper and lower valves in the same temporary storage chamber, and the combination of the self-locking motor and the first control circuit can accurately control the sampling interval length to avoid manual operation deviations.

[0061] Furthermore, existing techniques for measuring bedload transport rates in flume tests primarily rely on manually operated continuous sand collection using a sand collecting basket. This method requires frequent weighing using a hanging scale, resulting in high labor consumption and low measurement efficiency. Because the sand collecting basket only collects bedload across the entire cross-section, it is unable to distinguish sediment transport characteristics across different regions. Consequently, the test data fail to reflect lateral distribution patterns, hindering in-depth research into riverbed evolution mechanisms.

[0062] To address these issues, researchers discovered that the traditional continuous sand collection method struggles to achieve regional measurement, while manual intervention can easily introduce weighing errors. Analysis revealed the need for a device that automatically controls the sand collection position and achieves intermittent motion. Based on this, they proposed a method that combines mechanical transmission with circuit control, incorporating periodic sand collection containers within the conveyor system. This, combined with a timed start-stop drive mechanism, allows for regional sand collection and automated measurement.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] Combine Figures 1 to 7 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a water flume 42 test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution law of bed load transport rate, including a water flume 42 pool, a sampling device and a conveying device, wherein the water flume 42 pool is used to simulate a river, the sampling device is used to collect sediment, and the conveying device is arranged below the sampling device to transport the sediment collected by the sampling device. Such coordination enables the entire system to complete the complete process from simulating a river to collecting sediment and then transporting sediment, providing a basis for studying the lateral distribution law of bed load transport rate. By simulating the river environment to collect sediment and transport it, more accurate data can be obtained, which reflects the river conditions more comprehensively than traditional methods.

[0065] Specifically, the water trough 42 includes a water reservoir 40, a water pump 41, a water trough 42, a sedimentation tank 43 and a tailwater tank 44 arranged in sequence along the direction of water flow; one end of the water pump 41 is connected to the water reservoir 40, and the other end is connected to the water trough 42; the first energy dissipation grid 32, the communication vessel 45, the thin-walled weir 46 and the second energy dissipation grid 33 are arranged in sequence on the water trough 42; the communication vessel 45 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the water trough 42, and the communication vessel 45 is connected to the inside of the water trough 42; the sedimentation tank 43 and the tailwater tank 44 are connected to the end of the water trough 42 in sequence, and the tailwater tank 44 is connected to the water reservoir 40; the sand leakage port is located on the bottom surface of the water trough 42, and a sand retaining plate 34 is also installed at the sand leakage port, and the height of the sand retaining plate 34 is adjustable. The upper end of the thin-walled weir 46 is formed with an inclined surface, and the inclined surface faces the second energy dissipation grid 33. The water reservoir 40 is used to store water. It can be a large water tank or pool. Its material can be stainless steel, concrete, etc., and its shape is generally a rectangular parallelepiped. One end of the water pump 41 is connected to the water reservoir 40, and the other end is connected to the water tank 42. The function of the water pump 41 is to pump water from the water reservoir 40 into the water tank 42, so that a water flow is formed in the water tank 42 to simulate a river. The water pump 41 can be a centrifugal water pump 41, which has the characteristics of large flow rate and high head. The first energy dissipation grid 32 and the second energy dissipation grid 33 can adopt a metal grid structure. Their function is to eliminate the energy of the water flow, making the water flow more stable and facilitating subsequent research. The communicating vessel 45 can be made of a glass tube. By observing the water level in the communicating vessel 45, the water level in the water tank 42 can be understood. A caliper can be set in the communicating vessel 45 for accurately measuring the water level. The sedimentation tank 43 and tailwater tank 44 are connected to the ends of the water trough 42. The tailwater tank 44 is connected to the water reservoir 40, forming a water circulation system. The height of the sand retaining plate 34 is adjustable. The sand retaining plate 34 can be made of plastic or metal. By adjusting the height of the sand retaining plate 34, the amount of sediment entering the sand drain can be controlled.

[0066] The various components of the flume 42 combine to form a complete river simulation system. Reservoir 40 provides the water source, pump 41 delivers water to flume 42, energy dissipation grids stabilize the water flow, connecting vessel 45 monitors the water level, thin-walled weir 46 controls the water flow, sediment trap 43 settles sediment, tailwater tank 44 forms a water circulation system with reservoir 40, and sand drain and sand barrier 34 control sediment from entering the sampling device. This combination allows flume 42 to effectively simulate the actual river conditions, providing a reliable experimental environment for research.

[0067] Furthermore, the sampling device of this embodiment includes a temporary bedload storage chamber 1, a stopcock 2, a transmission gear 3, a drive rack 4, a drive gear 5, a self-locking motor 6, and a first control circuit. Multiple temporary bedload storage chambers 1 are arranged vertically and parallel in a columnar configuration. Each temporary bedload storage chamber 1 is equipped with two stopcocks 2 from top to bottom. The plug bodies 7 of the upper stopcocks 2 are coaxially fixedly connected and rotatable about their axes, while the plug bodies 7 of the lower stopcocks 2 are coaxially fixedly connected and rotatable about their axes. The media channels of the two stopcocks 2 in the same temporary bedload storage chamber 1 are arranged perpendicular to each other. Two transmission gears 3 are coaxially fixedly connected to the plug bodies 7 of the two stopcocks 2 in each temporary bedload storage chamber 1. The self-locking motor 6 is fixedly disposed, the drive gear 5 is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft of the self-locking motor 6, and the drive rack 4 meshes with the two transmission gears 3 and the drive gear 5. The first control circuit is electrically connected to the self-locking motor 6 to drive the self-locking motor 6 to rotate.

[0068] Among them, the bedload temporary storage chamber 1 refers to a cavity used to temporarily store bedload samples. Specifically, it can be achieved by arranging columnar containers side by side vertically and in parallel, so as to facilitate the arrangement of multiple independent cavities in a limited space to improve sampling efficiency. Specifically, the bedload temporary storage chamber 1 includes a main structure and an inlet and outlet. The main structure is generally a columnar cavity, which is used to temporarily store the collected bedload. Stainless steel can be used as its material because stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, which can prevent impurities in the bedload from corroding the cavity and extend the service life of the device; of course, high-strength plastic can also be used. This material is lighter and relatively low in cost. The inlet and outlet are channels for bedload to enter and exit the temporary storage chamber, and their shape is usually circular or square.

[0069] Two plug valves 2 are installed from top to bottom in each temporary bedload storage chamber 1. The temporary bedload chamber is defined between the two plug valves 2. The plug bodies 7 of the upper plug valves 2 are coaxially fixed and rotatable about their axes, while the plug bodies 7 of the lower plug valves 2 are coaxially fixed and rotatable about their axes. The media channels of the two plug valves 2 in the same temporary bedload storage chamber 1 are arranged perpendicular to each other. A plug valve 2 is a valve with a media channel, which is controlled by the angle of rotation to open or close the channel to retain or release bedload. The plug valve 2 consists of a plug body 7 and a valve body. The plug body 7 is a key component of the plug valve 2 and is typically cylindrical with a central media channel. It can be made of copper alloy, which offers excellent wear resistance and sealing properties, or ceramic, which has high hardness, stable chemical properties, and improved sealing properties. The valve body surrounds the plug body 7, providing support and fixation. It is generally made of carbon steel for its high strength.

[0070] The two transmission gears 3 are respectively coaxially fixedly connected to the plug bodies 7 of the two stopcocks 2 on a temporary storage chamber 1 for transporting material. The transmission gear 3 includes gear teeth and a hub. The gear teeth are the parts that mesh with other gears or racks. Their shape and size determine the accuracy and efficiency of the transmission, and an involute tooth profile is usually used. The hub is the part that is connected to the plug body 7 of the stopcock 2. It is fixed to the plug body 7 by a key connection or an interference fit. The material of the transmission gear 3 can be alloy steel, which has high strength and toughness and can withstand large torque; powder metallurgy materials can also be used. This material has high production efficiency and low cost.

[0071] The self-locking motor 6 is fixedly arranged. The self-locking motor 6 refers to a motor with a self-locking function in the power-off position. Specifically, it can be implemented by a stepper motor with a mechanical brake to ensure that the plug valve 2 maintains a fixed angle when stopped to avoid misoperation. The drive gear 5 is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft of the self-locking motor 6, and the drive rack 4 is engaged with the two transmission gears 3 and the drive gear 5. The drive gear 5 and the drive rack 4 are similar to the transmission gear 3 and are also composed of gear teeth and corresponding main structures. The cooperation of the drive gear 5 and the drive rack 4 can transmit the power of the self-locking motor 6 to the transmission gear 3, thereby driving the plug body 7 of the plug valve 2 to rotate.

[0072] The first control circuit is electrically connected to the self-locking motor 6, driving it to rotate. During operation, the self-locking motor 6 rotates under the control of the first control circuit, driving the drive gear 5. The drive gear 5 meshes with the drive rack 4, causing the drive rack 4 to produce linear motion. The drive rack 4, in turn, meshes with the two transmission gears 3, driving the transmission gears 3 to rotate. Because the transmission gears 3 are coaxially fixedly connected to the plug body 7 of the stopcock 2, the rotation of the transmission gears 3 directly drives the plug body 7 of the stopcock 2, opening or closing the stopcock 2. The media channels of the upper and lower stopcocks 2 are arranged perpendicular to each other, ensuring alternating opening and closing logic for the upper and lower valves within the same temporary storage chamber. When the upper stopcock 2 is open, the lower stopcock 2 is closed, allowing bedload to enter the temporary storage chamber. When the upper stopcock 2 is closed, the lower stopcock 2 opens, allowing bedload to be discharged. This design enables intermittent sampling of bedload.

[0073] The use of the self-locking motor 6 ensures that the sampling device can maintain its current state when it stops working, avoiding accidental opening or closing of the valve. The first control circuit can achieve precise control of the sampling interval by accurately controlling the rotation of the self-locking motor 6, avoiding the deviation that may be caused by manual operation.

[0074] The first control circuit includes a single-chip microcomputer (MCU), a motor driver module, and a first power supply 8 management module. The MCU is programmed to precisely control the self-locking motor 6, allowing for different sampling intervals and durations. The motor driver module converts the MCU's control signals into current signals that drive the self-locking motor 6. The first power supply 8 management module provides a stable operating voltage, ensuring reliable operation of the entire system.

[0075] During use, the device is placed in a suitable location in the test water tank. Sampling parameters are set via the first control circuit, such as a 5-second sampling interval with a 30-second interval. After starting the device, the self-locking motor 6 rotates the drive gear 5, which, through the coordination of the drive rack 4 and the transmission gear 3, synchronizes the opening and closing of the stopcock 2. When the upper stopcock 2 is opened, the bedload enters the temporary storage chamber; when the lower stopcock 2 is opened, a sample of the bedload in the temporary storage chamber is collected. By adjusting the sampling parameters, the device can be adapted to different test requirements.

[0076] Through the above scheme, the present application realizes high-precision intermittent sampling in bed load sand transport tests. The use of multiple independent temporary storage chamber structures, combined with the alternating opening and closing of the stopcock valve 2, can accurately capture the bed load sand transport conditions in different time periods, effectively solving the problem of data confusion caused by the inability of continuous devices to collect data in time periods. The design of synchronously controlling multiple groups of valves with a single power source eliminates the synchronization error of the actuator and improves the accuracy and reliability of sampling. The combination of the self-locking motor 6 and the first control circuit realizes the precise control of the sampling interval length, avoiding the randomness and subjective bias that may be caused by manual operation. This design not only improves the sampling efficiency, but also significantly enhances the consistency and reliability of the data, providing a more accurate experimental basis for studying the intermittent change characteristics of bed loads.

[0077] Furthermore, the conveying device of this embodiment includes a conveying mechanism, a sand receiving mechanism, and a second control circuit. The conveying mechanism is used to drive the sand receiving mechanism, and the second control circuit is used to control the conveying mechanism's intermittent operation. This achieves automated intermittent measurement, accurately capturing the dynamic changes in sediment transport, and improving measurement efficiency and accuracy. The conveying mechanism can drive the sand receiving mechanism to move cyclically, allowing the sand receiving mechanism to sequentially receive sediment. The second control circuit enables the conveying mechanism's intermittent operation to simulate the dynamic process of sediment transport.

[0078] Specifically, the transmission mechanism includes a conveyor belt 25, two transmission wheels 26, a motor 27, two pulleys 28, and a belt 29. The two transmission wheels 26 are arranged side by side with their axes parallel to each other. This arrangement allows the conveyor belt 25 to be smoothly wound around them. The conveyor belt 25 is typically made of rubber, which has a certain degree of flexibility and wear resistance, but of course, a high-strength plastic material can also be used instead. The motor 27 is fixedly installed, with one pulley 28 mounted on the rotating shaft of the motor 27 and the other pulley 28 coaxially mounted at the end of one transmission wheel 26. The belt 29 is wrapped around the two pulleys 28. In this way, when the motor 27 rotates, the transmission wheels 26 rotate via the belt 29, thereby moving the conveyor belt 25. The motor 27 can be an AC motor 27 or a DC motor 27, and the appropriate power can be selected according to actual needs. The pulley 28 is typically made of cast iron, but aluminum alloy can also be used to reduce weight.

[0079] It is worth noting that in this embodiment, the axes of the transmission wheels 26 are arranged in parallel, meaning that the two cylindrical wheels are horizontally aligned. The transmission wheels 26 can be made of metal or engineering plastic to ensure stable operation of the conveyor belt 25. The conveyor belt 25 is wound in a belt-like structure, forming a closed loop around the two transmission wheels 26. The surface may be provided with anti-slip grooves. The coaxial installation of the pulleys 28 means that one of the pulleys 28 and the transmission wheel 26 shares a common rotation axis, and power transmission can be achieved through a keyway or flange structure.

[0080] The sand receiving mechanism of this embodiment is composed of sand receiving frames 30 arranged in a matrix on the conveyor belt 25, and the sand receiving frames are located directly below the temporary storage chamber for the bed load. The matrix arrangement of the sand receiving frames 30 refers to the arrangement of multiple containers in rows and columns, which can be fixed to the surface of the conveyor belt 25 by welding or bolts. The sand receiving frames 30 are generally made of stainless steel, which is corrosion-resistant and durable. They can also be made of engineering plastics to reduce weight. The sand receiving frames 30 are square in shape, and their size is determined according to actual needs. A certain distance is maintained between adjacent sand receiving frames 30 to facilitate installation and maintenance. The volume of each frame can be set to 1-5 liters.

[0081] The second control circuit includes a second power supply 31 and a third wheel conductive mechanism. The third wheel conductive mechanism includes a mounting plate 19, a conductive rod 20, a drive motor and a plurality of conductive plates 21. The mounting plate 19 and the drive motor are fixedly arranged. One end of the conductive rod 20 is insulated and connected to the rotating shaft of the drive motor. The plurality of conductive plates 21 are installed on the mounting plate 19 in a ring-shaped and evenly spaced manner around the rotating shaft of the motor; the conductive rod 20 can slide on the plate surface of the mounting plate 19, and the other end of the conductive rod 20 can be operably contacted with the plurality of conductive plates 21; each conductive plate 21 is electrically connected to an electrode of the second power supply 31, and one end of the conductive rod 20 is connected in series with the motor 27 and then electrically connected to the other electrode of the second power supply 31.

[0082] The mounting plate 19 is usually made of an insulating material, such as an epoxy resin board, to prevent leakage. The conductive rod 20 is generally made of metal, and the surface is coated with a layer of a material with good conductive properties, such as silver or copper. The conductive sheet 21 is also made of metal to ensure good conductivity. The drive motor can be a stepper motor, which can accurately control the rotation angle of the conductive rod 20. The circular equal-interval distribution of the conductive sheets 21 in the third wheel conductive mechanism means that the metal conductors are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction, and the spacing angle can be set to 30-60 degrees. When the conductive rod 20 slides in contact, an intermittent circuit is formed.

[0083] Specifically, when the conductive rod 20 contacts a conductive sheet 21, a circuit is established, activating the motor 27. This, in turn, drives the conveyor wheel 26 via a belt 29, driving the conveyor belt 25 in a step-by-step motion, which in turn moves the sand receiving frame 30 to a designated area. When the conductive rod 20 detaches from the conductive sheet 21, the circuit is disconnected, the conveyor belt 25 stops, and the sand receiving frame 30 remains stationary, collecting the bedload in that area. After a preset time, the conductive rod 20 contacts the next conductive sheet 21, and the system restarts, entering the next operating cycle.

[0084] Compared to existing methods, which require manual handling of sand collection baskets and recording of data for each area, this solution utilizes automated mechanical processing to achieve zone-by-zone sand collection, eliminating human error. While continuous sand collection in existing techniques results in sample mixing from different areas, this solution utilizes intermittent motion to ensure that each sand collection basket 30 independently collects bedload from a specific area. While traditional crane scales require interrupting the test process for weighing, this solution allows for online weighing measurements while the conveyor belt 25 is stationary.

[0085] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application achieves automated, regionalized measurement of bedload sediment transport rates, accurately capturing sediment transport characteristics at different locations. The system programmatically controls the dwell time of the sand receiving frame 30, ensuring consistent sample collection duration in each area. The third-wheel conductive mechanism provides reliable on / off control, enabling millimeter-level displacement accuracy of the conveyor belt 25. The matrix arrangement of the sand receiving frames 30 enables simultaneous collection of multiple cross-sectional samples, significantly improving test efficiency and data integrity.

[0086] The present application further proposes that each two adjacent sand receiving frames 30 are connected by a pipe 35. The pipe 35 refers to a flow guide component connecting adjacent sand receiving frames 30, and can be implemented by a flexible rubber tube or a hard PVC tube. The diameter of the tube can be set to, for example, 10-20 mm to match the sand discharge rate of the sand receiving frames 30.

[0087] The present application further proposes that a filter screen 36 is provided inside each sand receiving frame 30. The filter screen 36 refers to a mesh structure for filtering solid particles, which can be specifically realized by stainless steel mesh or nylon mesh material, and the mesh size can be adjusted according to the test requirements. The filter screen 36 is arranged horizontally inside the sand receiving frame 30, and is used to intercept bedload sediment during the sand receiving process and allow water to pass through, thereby avoiding water mixing into the weighing process and causing measurement errors. A filter screen 36 is provided above the connection between the sand receiving frame 30 and the pipeline 35, which can achieve solid-liquid separation when the water flow carries sediment into the sand receiving frame 30, so that the sediment is deposited above the filter screen 36 and the water flows through the filter screen 36 for discharge.

[0088] Specifically, when water carrying bedload sediment enters the sand receiving frame 30, the filter screen 36 traps the sediment within the frame, while the water flows through the holes in the filter screen 36 and is discharged to an adjacent sand receiving frame 30 or an external collection device. The sediment continues to accumulate above the filter screen 36 until the sand receiving frame 30 moves to the weighing position. At this point, only the dry sediment needs to be weighed to obtain accurate sediment transport rate data. The relative positioning of the filter screen 36 and the connection port of the pipe 35 separates the water discharge path from the sediment deposition area, preventing secondary loss of deposited sediment due to water scouring.

[0089] Compared to existing technologies, traditional sand collection baskets directly collect water-sand mixtures, requiring manual airing or drying before weighing. This is not only time-consuming but also prone to data deviation due to residual moisture. This solution uses a filter 36 to achieve real-time solid-liquid separation during the sand collection process, eliminating the impact of moisture on measurement results. This solution also reduces manual intervention and allows weighing operations to be performed simultaneously with the sand collection process.

[0090] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application solves the problem of weighing errors caused by moisture interference in traditional bedload transport rate measurements, improving the accuracy and continuity of data collection. The filter 36 structure enables the sand receiving frame 30 to process a larger flow rate of sediment samples per unit time, providing high-precision basic data support for analyzing the lateral distribution characteristics of bedload transport rate.

[0091] The present application further proposes that the filter screen 36 is located above the connecting port between the sand receiving frame 30 and the pipeline 35. Specifically, when the sand receiving frame 30 moves with the conveyor belt 25 to the connecting area of the pipeline 35, after the silt carried by the water flow enters the sand receiving frame 30, the larger particles are trapped inside the frame by the filter screen 36, and the filtered water flows into the adjacent sand receiving frame 30 through the connecting port. Since the filter screen 36 is arranged directly above the connecting port, the silt deposition process can avoid clogging the entrance of the pipeline 35, and at the same time, the water level balance in each sand receiving frame 30 can be maintained. For example, when the sand receiving frame 30 carries mixed silt containing gravel, the gravel is blocked by the filter screen 36 and accumulated in the frame, while the fine sand passes through the filter screen 36 with the water flow and enters the pipeline 35, thereby realizing the automatic separation and continuous transmission of silt of different particle sizes.

[0092] Compared to existing technologies, traditional sand receiving devices lack a layered filtration structure, allowing sediment to enter pipe 35 directly, easily causing blockage and failing to distinguish particle gradations. This solution, by positioning the filter screen 36 in a spatial relationship with the connection port, maintains hydraulic connectivity between the sand receiving frame 30 while achieving real-time interception of coarse particles.

[0093] Through the above technical solution, the present application can effectively prevent the pipeline 35 from being blocked and simultaneously complete the sediment particle size classification, while maintaining the continuous operation of the sand receiving frame 30, improving the refinement of the test data, and solving the measurement distortion problem caused by the mixed collection of the traditional sand receiving device.

[0094] The present application further proposes that the second control circuit further includes a third sliding rheostat 37, which is connected in series between the motor 27 and the other electrode of the second power source 31. The third sliding rheostat 37 is used to change the current flowing through the motor 27 by adjusting the resistance value, thereby controlling the speed of the motor 27.

[0095] Specifically, when the conductive rod 20 contacts a conductive sheet 21, the circuit closes, energizing the motor 27. At this point, the resistance of the third sliding rheostat 37 is pre-adjusted to the target range, for example, by adjusting the contact position manually or through a motorized drive mechanism. This change in resistance directly affects the input voltage to the motor 27, thereby varying the speed of the conveyor belt 25. For example, to shorten the rest period of the conveyor belt 25, the resistance can be reduced to increase the current, speeding up the motor 27. Conversely, increasing the resistance can reduce the motor speed, extending the rest period.

[0096] Compared to existing technologies, motor 27 is directly connected to second power source 31, resulting in a fixed and unadjustable speed. This results in a single pause time for conveyor belt 25 and large errors in the position of sand receiving frame 30. However, this solution, by introducing a third sliding rheostat 37, dynamically adjusts the speed of conveyor belt 25 according to experimental requirements, ensuring more precise measurement of the dwell time and position of sand receiving frame 30, thereby reducing measurement errors caused by speed mismatch.

[0097] Through the above technical solution, the present application can flexibly control the intermittent movement rhythm of the conveyor belt 25, so that the time the sand receiving frame 30 stays at the predetermined position matches the experimental conditions, avoiding the deviation in the amount of sand received due to the fixed conveying speed, and at the same time reducing the frequency of manual intervention to adjust the equipment operating parameters, thereby improving the degree of measurement automation.

[0098] The present application further proposes that the transmission wheel 26 is a gear, the conveyor belt 25 is an internally toothed belt, and the inner surface of the conveyor belt 25 is meshed with the gear. An internally toothed belt refers to a flexible transmission belt with a toothed structure on its inner surface. Specifically, it can be made of a rubber base material and a composite of reinforced fibers. The toothed structure interlocks with the teeth of the gear, forming a meshing connection. Specifically, the gear, as a component of the transmission wheel 26, has teeth that mesh with the toothed structure on the inner side of the internally toothed belt. When the motor 27 drives the pulley 28 to rotate, power is transmitted to the conveyor belt 25 through the meshing of the gear and the internally toothed belt, causing the conveyor belt 25 to intermittently move along a predetermined trajectory. Due to the meshing connection, the conveyor belt 25 and the gear will not slip, and the lateral position error of the sand receiving frame 30 on the conveyor belt 25 is effectively controlled, thereby ensuring the precise positioning of the sand receiving frame 30 during the stop phase.

[0099] Compared to existing technologies, traditional transmission systems typically use smooth pulleys and a flat belt 29, which can easily cause slippage due to inertia during start-up and stop phases, leading to positioning errors in the sand receiving frame 30. The meshing transmission of the gears and internally toothed belt, however, enforces relative motion through tooth engagement, eliminating slippage and significantly improving the position control accuracy of the conveyor belt 25.

[0100] Through the above technical solution, the present application solves the problem of distortion in the measurement of the lateral distribution characteristics of the sand transport rate caused by inaccurate lateral positioning of the sand receiving frame 30. The rigid meshing transmission ensures the synchronization and repeatability of the intermittent motion of the conveyor belt 25, providing basic conditions for the accurate analysis of the lateral differences in the bed load sand transport rate in the flume test.

[0101] The present application further proposes to include a conveyor platform, which includes a support frame 38 and a roller group 39. The support frame 38 refers to a frame structure that supports the roller group 39, which can be formed by welding metal profiles to provide a stable installation base. The roller group 39 refers to a transmission component composed of multiple rotatable cylinders, which can be implemented by an array of steel rollers with a rubber layer on the surface, and the axis spacing can be adjusted according to the width of the conveyor belt 25. The upper end of the roller group 39 is flush with the upper end of the conveyor belt 25, which means that the working surfaces of the two are at the same horizontal height. This can be achieved by adjusting the height of the support frame 38 or selecting rollers of appropriate diameter to ensure that the sand receiving frame 30 smoothly transitions between the conveyor belt 25 and the roller group 39.

[0102] Specifically, when the conveyor belt 25, carrying the sand receiving frame 30, reaches the end, the roller assembly 39 rotates to receive the sand receiving frame 30. Because the upper end of the roller assembly 39 remains flush with the conveyor belt 25, the sand receiving frame 30 is protected from vibration or tilting due to height differences during transfer. The support frame 38 provides stable support for the roller assembly 39, preventing structural deformation due to load fluctuations. During the test, the sand receiving frame 30 continues to move along the roller assembly 39 to the designated collection area, achieving automated transfer.

[0103] In some embodiments, the roller assembly 39 can be constructed using two sets of parallel rollers forming a transmission track, with the spacing between the rollers set to be less than the length of the bottom edge of the sand receiving frame 30. Height adjustment bolts can be added to the bottom of the support frame 38 to fine-tune the alignment between the roller assembly 39 and the conveyor belt 25. Alternatively, the roller assembly 39 can have an annular groove formed on its surface to mate with a guide protrusion on the edge of the conveyor belt 25 to prevent the sand receiving frame 30 from shifting.

[0104] Compared to existing technologies, existing testing devices typically require manual handling of the sand receiving frame 30 or use fixed slides, which pose a risk of the sand receiving frame 30 tipping over and are unable to accommodate sand receiving frames of varying sizes. This solution utilizes an adjustable roller assembly 39 in conjunction with the conveyor belt 25 to achieve unpowered, autonomous transport of the sand receiving frame 30, while also avoiding measurement errors caused by manual intervention.

[0105] Example 2

[0106] Combine Figures 1 to 7 As shown, as another embodiment of the present invention, different from the first embodiment, the first control circuit of this embodiment includes a first power supply 8, a first spring switch 9, a second spring switch 10, a first double-control switch 11, a second double-control switch 12, a first electromagnet 13, a second electromagnet 14, a third electromagnet 15, a fourth electromagnet 16, a first wheel conductive mechanism 17 and a second wheel conductive mechanism 18.

[0107] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the positive electrode of the first power supply 8, the first electromagnet 13, the first wheel conductive mechanism 17, the third electromagnet 15, and the negative electrode of the first power supply 8 are electrically connected in sequence; the positive electrode of the first power supply 8, the third electromagnet 15, the second wheel conductive mechanism 18, the fourth electromagnet 16, and the negative electrode of the first power supply 8 are electrically connected in sequence; the contact of the first double-control switch 11 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the first power supply 8, and the contact of the second double-control switch 12 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the first power supply 8; the first static contact of the first double-control switch 11, the first spring switch 9, and the self-acting contact are electrically connected. The first connector of the lock motor 6 is connected in sequence; the second static contact of the first double-control switch 11, the second spring switch 10, and the second connector of the self-locking motor 6 are connected in sequence; the first static contact of the second double-control switch 12 is connected to the second connector of the self-locking motor 6, and the second static contact of the second double-control switch 12 is connected to the first connector of the self-locking motor 6; the first electromagnet 13 and the second electromagnet 14 are respectively arranged on either side of the contact of the first double-control switch 11; the third electromagnet 15 and the fourth electromagnet 16 are respectively arranged on either side of the contact of the second double-control switch 12. The first spring switch 9 and the second spring switch 10 are respectively fixedly mounted at both ends of the drive rack 4 and spaced from the end of the drive rack 4. Insulating pressure rods 24 are installed at both ends of the drive rack 4. The first double-control switch 11 and the second double-control switch 12 maintain the initial position of the contacts through mechanical elastic force to prevent false triggering. Through the combination of these components, the forward, reverse, and stopping of the self-locking motor 6 can be precisely controlled according to different needs, thereby achieving precise control of the stopcock 2.

[0108] Among them, the first wheel conductive mechanism 17 and the second wheel conductive mechanism 18 both include a mounting plate 19, a conductive rod 20, a drive motor and a plurality of conductive sheets 21. The mounting plate 19 is used to fix the conductive sheets 21 and the drive motor, and is generally made of an insulating material, such as a plastic plate. One end of the conductive rod 20 is insulated and connected to the rotating shaft of the drive motor, and a plurality of conductive sheets 21 are installed on the mounting plate 19 in a ring-shaped and evenly spaced manner around the rotating shaft of the motor; the conductive rod 20 can slide on the plate surface of the mounting plate 19, and the other end of the conductive rod 20 can be operatively contacted with the plurality of conductive sheets 21. The conductive rod 20 and the conductive sheets 21 are generally made of metal materials, such as copper, which has good conductivity. The drive motor drives the conductive rod 20 to rotate so that it contacts different conductive sheets 21 to achieve circuit switching.

[0109] Furthermore, mounting plate 19 is provided with an annular groove within which conductive rod 20 slides. The depth of the annular groove is slightly less than the thickness of conductive sheet 21, ensuring contact between conductive rod 20 and conductive sheet 21. The length of conductive rod 20 is slightly greater than the radius of mounting plate 19, allowing it to sweep across all conductive sheets 21.

[0110] Furthermore, one end of the conductive rod 20 in the first wheel conductive mechanism 17 of this embodiment is connected to the negative pole of the first power supply 8 via the third electromagnet 15; each conductive plate 21 in the first wheel conductive mechanism 17 is connected to the first electromagnet 13 via a corresponding switch. The conductive rod 20 is fixedly connected to the third electromagnet 15, so that the potential of the conductive rod 20 is consistent with the negative pole of the first power supply 8. The conductive plates 21 form separate circuit branches with the first electromagnet 13 through independent switches, and the branches do not interfere with each other. When the driving motor drives the conductive rod 20 to rotate, the end of the conductive rod 20 slides into contact with different conductive plates 21. At this time, only when the switch of the corresponding branch is closed can current pass through the conductive plate 21, the conductive rod 20, and the third electromagnet 15 to form a closed circuit. The switch corresponding to each conductive plate 21 can be independently controlled to enable the on / off selection of different conductive plate 21 branches.

[0111] Specifically, when the driving motor drives the conductive rod 20 in the first wheel conductive mechanism 17 to rotate to a certain conductive plate 21 position, if the switch corresponding to the conductive plate 21 is in a closed state, the current flows from the positive pole of the first power supply 8 through the first electromagnet 13, enters the conductive rod 20 through the contact point between the conductive plate 21 and the conductive rod 20, and then returns to the negative pole of the first power supply 8 through the third electromagnet 15. At this time, the first electromagnet 13 is energized to generate magnetic force, which attracts the contact of the first double-control switch 11 to move to the first static contact of the first double-control switch 11. The third electromagnet 15 is energized to generate magnetic force, which attracts the contact of the second double-control switch 12 to move to the first static contact of the second double-control switch 12, so that the circuit of the positive pole of the first power supply 8, the first static contact of the first double-control switch 11, the first spring switch 9, the self-locking motor 6, the first static contact of the second double-control switch 12 and the negative pole of the first power supply 8 is conductive. At this time, the self-locking motor 6 rotates forward to open the upper plug valve 2 and close the lower plug valve 2 until the insulating pressure rod 24 at the end of the drive rack 4 touches the first spring switch 9 to disconnect the branch, and the plug valve 2 stops moving. When the driving motor drives the conductive rod 20 in the second wheel conductive mechanism 18 to rotate to a certain conductive piece 21 position, if the switch corresponding to the conductive piece 21 is in the closed state, the current flows from the positive pole of the first power supply 8 through the second electromagnet 14, enters the conductive rod 20 through the contact point between the conductive piece 21 and the conductive rod 20, and then returns to the negative pole of the first power supply 8 through the fourth electromagnet 16. At this time, the second electromagnet 14 is energized to generate a magnetic force, which attracts the contact of the first double-control switch 11 to move to the second static contact of the first double-control switch 11. The fourth electromagnet 16 is energized to generate a magnetic force, which attracts the contact of the second double-control switch 12 to move to the second static contact of the second double-control switch 12, so that the circuit of the positive pole of the first power supply 8, the second static contact of the first double-control switch 11, the second spring switch 10, the self-locking motor 6, the second static contact of the second double-control switch 12 and the negative pole of the first power supply 8 is conductive. At this time, the self-locking motor 6 rotates in the opposite direction to close the upper plug valve 2 and open the lower plug valve 2 until the drive rack 4 touches the second spring switch 10 to disconnect the branch, and the plug valve 2 stops moving. Therefore, when the drive motor drives the conductive rod 20 to rotate, the conductive rod 20 can contact different conductive plates 21 in sequence, thereby realizing the periodic closing and opening of the circuit.

[0112] This application achieves precise control of the sampling process for bedload sediment transport experiments. The design of the disc's conductive mechanism enables the sampling device to perform intermittent sampling at preset intervals, avoiding the sample confusion that can arise from continuous sampling. Furthermore, the coordinated use of electromagnets and switches enhances the system's reliability and flexibility, allowing the sampling frequency and duration to be adjusted according to actual needs. Furthermore, this design simplifies the device's structure, reduces maintenance complexity, and improves overall efficiency and sampling accuracy.

[0113] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a first sliding rheostat 22 is connected in series between the first static contact and the first spring switch 9 of the double-control switch, and a second sliding rheostat 23 is connected in series between the second static contact and the second spring switch 10 .

[0114] The first sliding rheostat 22 is connected between the first static contact of the first double-control switch 11 and the first spring switch 9, regulating the current flowing to the first terminal of the self-locking motor 6. The second sliding rheostat 23 is connected between the second static contact of the first double-control switch 11 and the second spring switch 10, regulating the current flowing to the second terminal of the self-locking motor 6. The resistance of the sliding rheostat can be adjusted manually or through an external mechanism, thereby varying the current intensity in the circuit. Specifically, when the contact of the first double-control switch 11 makes contact with the first static contact, current flows through the first sliding rheostat 22, the first spring switch 9, and into the first terminal of the self-locking motor 6, causing the motor to rotate forward, driving the stopcock 2. Increasing the resistance of the first sliding rheostat 22 reduces the current, slowing the motor speed and prolonging the closing time of the stopcock 2; decreasing the resistance increases the current, accelerating the closing speed. Similarly, when the contact makes contact with the second static contact, the second sliding rheostat 23 adjusts the reverse current, controlling the rotation speed of the stopcock 2. By adjusting the resistance values of the two sliding rheostats, the motor speed of plug valve 2 during the opening and closing phases can be independently set, thereby precisely controlling the sampling interval and meeting the differentiated time resolution requirements of different sediment transport intensity tests. The addition of the sliding rheostat enables the first control circuit to adjust the speed of the self-locking motor 6. By adjusting the motor speed, the opening and closing speed of plug valve 2 can be controlled to adapt to different bedload sediment transport conditions. This improvement increases the device's adjustment function, improves the flexibility and adaptability of sampling, and can better meet diverse sampling needs.

[0115] Furthermore, the upper end of each temporary bedload storage chamber 1 of this embodiment is funnel-shaped, and the upper opposing sidewalls of each two adjacent temporary bedload storage chambers 1 form a single unit. The upper opening of the funnel-shaped structure forms a guide channel through the inclined inner wall, and the sidewalls of adjacent temporary bedload storage chambers are seamlessly joined at the joint, forming a continuous curved surface.

[0116] Specifically, when sediment particles enter the temporary storage chamber, the funnel-shaped opening guides the particles to the center of the temporary storage chamber through the inclined inner wall, avoiding the particles from being retained at the edge of the opening. After the side walls of adjacent temporary storage chambers are formed as a whole, there is no independent gap in the upper opening area, and the upper ends of multiple temporary storage chambers constitute a continuous guide surface to prevent sediment from leaking between adjacent cavities. The inclination angle of the funnel further optimizes the flow path of the particulate matter, allowing it to quickly concentrate in the central area of the temporary storage chamber and avoid accumulation at the edge of the opening. The seamless connection structure of adjacent side walls eliminates the assembly errors between traditional split cavities, ensuring that multiple temporary storage chambers form a closed collection area when receiving sediment. During the switching process of the plug valve 2, the funnel structure guides the particles to quickly pass through the open medium channel, reducing the residue of particles at the edge of the channel. The integrated design of the adjacent side walls maintains the overall stability of the multiple temporary storage chamber structures when the drive rack 4 drives the transmission gear 3 to rotate, avoiding displacement deviations between cavities due to mechanical vibration.

[0117] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of this embodiment correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of this application, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicate an orientation or position relationship, they are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the position relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as a limitation on this patent. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0118] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution of bed load transport rate, characterized by: It includes a water tank, a sampling device and a conveying device, wherein The water tank is used to simulate a river, and a sand drain is formed in the middle of the water tank; The sampling device includes a plurality of temporary storage chambers for bed load, a plurality of stopcock valves, two transmission gears, a drive rack, a drive gear, a self-locking motor and a first control circuit; Multiple bed load storage cavities are arranged in a columnar, vertical and parallel manner; Each of the temporary bed load storage chambers is provided with two plug valves from top to bottom, and the plug bodies of the upper plug valves are coaxially fixedly connected and rotatable around the axis, while the plug bodies of the lower plug valves are coaxially fixedly connected and rotatable around the axis; the medium channels of the two plug valves on the same temporary bed load storage chamber are arranged perpendicular to each other; The two transmission gears are respectively coaxially fixedly connected to the plug bodies of the two plug valves on one of the temporary storage chambers for the displacement medium; The self-locking motor is fixedly arranged, the driving gear is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft of the self-locking motor, and the driving rack is meshed with the two transmission gears and the driving gear; The first control circuit is electrically connected to the self-locking motor and is used to drive the self-locking motor to rotate; The conveying device is arranged below the sampling device and is used to convey the sediment collected by the sampling device.

2. The flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution of bed load transport rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first control circuit includes a power supply, a first spring switch, a second spring switch, a first double-control switch, a second double-control switch, a first electromagnet, a second electromagnet, a third electromagnet, a fourth electromagnet, a first wheel conductive mechanism and a second wheel conductive mechanism, wherein The positive electrode of the power supply, the first electromagnet, the first wheel conductive mechanism, the third electromagnet, and the negative electrode of the power supply are electrically connected in sequence; The positive electrode of the power supply, the third electromagnet, the second wheel conductive mechanism, the fourth electromagnet, and the negative electrode of the power supply are electrically connected in sequence; The contact of the first double-control switch is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, and the contact of the second double-control switch is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the power supply; The first spring switch and the second spring switch are respectively fixedly mounted on both ends of the driving rack and spaced apart from the end of the driving rack; The first static contact of the first double-control switch, the first spring switch, and the first connector of the self-locking motor are connected in sequence; The second static contact of the first double-control switch, the second spring switch, and the second connector of the self-locking motor are connected in sequence; The first static contact of the second double-control switch is connected to the second connector of the self-locking motor, and the second static contact of the second double-control switch is connected to the first connector of the self-locking motor; The first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are respectively arranged on both sides of the contact of the first double-control switch; the third electromagnet and the fourth electromagnet are respectively arranged on both sides of the contact of the second double-control switch.

3. The flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution of bed load transport rate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first wheel disc conductive mechanism and the second wheel disc conductive mechanism both include a mounting plate, a conductive rod, a drive motor and a plurality of conductive sheets. The mounting plate and the drive motor are fixedly arranged, one end of the conductive rod is insulated and connected to the rotating shaft of the drive motor, and the plurality of conductive sheets are mounted on the mounting plate in a ring-shaped manner and at equal intervals around the rotating shaft of the motor; the conductive rod can slide on the plate surface of the mounting plate, and the other end of the conductive rod can be operably contacted with the plurality of conductive sheets.

4. The flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution of bed load transport rate according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the conductive rod in the first wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the negative pole of the power supply through the third electromagnet; each of the conductive sheets in the first wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the first electromagnet through a corresponding switch; one end of the conductive rod in the second wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the negative pole of the power supply through the fourth electromagnet; each of the conductive sheets in the second wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the third electromagnet through a corresponding switch.

5. The flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution of bed load transport rate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first control circuit further includes a first sliding rheostat and a second sliding rheostat, wherein the first sliding rheostat is connected in series between the first static contact of the first double-control switch and the first spring switch; and the second sliding rheostat is connected in series between the second static contact of the first double-control switch and the second spring switch.

6. The flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution of bed load transport rate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conveying device includes a conveying mechanism, a sand receiving mechanism and a second control circuit, wherein The transmission mechanism includes a transmission belt, two transmission wheels, a motor, two pulleys and a belt; the two transmission wheels are arranged side by side with their axes parallel to each other, and the transmission belt is wound around the two transmission wheels; The motor is fixed, one pulley is mounted on the rotating shaft of the motor, the other pulley is coaxially mounted on the end of one of the transmission wheels, and the belt is wound around the two pulleys; The sand receiving mechanism includes a plurality of sand receiving frames, which are arranged in a matrix on the conveyor belt and are located directly below the bed load temporary storage chamber; The second control circuit includes a second power supply and a third wheel disc conductive mechanism, and the third wheel disc conductive mechanism has the same structure as the first wheel disc conductive mechanism and the second wheel disc conductive mechanism; the conductive sheet of each of the third wheel disc conductive mechanisms is electrically connected to one electrode of the second power supply, and one end of the conductive rod is connected in series with the motor and then electrically connected to the other electrode of the second power supply.

7. The flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution of bed load transport rate according to claim 6, characterized in that: Every two adjacent sand receiving frames are connected through a pipeline; a filter is provided inside each sand receiving frame; and the filter is located above the connecting port between the sand receiving frame and the pipeline.

8. The flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution of bed load transport rate according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first control circuit further includes a first sliding rheostat and a second sliding rheostat, wherein the first sliding rheostat is connected in series between the first static contact of the first double-control switch and the first spring switch; the second sliding rheostat is connected in series between the second static contact of the first double-control switch and the second spring switch; the second control circuit further includes a third sliding rheostat, which is connected in series between the motor and the other electrode of the second power supply.

9. The flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution law of bed load transport rate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The water tank pool includes a water reservoir, a water pump, a water tank, a sedimentation tank and a tailwater tank arranged in sequence along the water flow direction; One end of the water pump is connected to the water reservoir, and the other end is connected to the water tank; The water tank is sequentially provided with a first energy dissipation grid, a communicating vessel, a thin-walled weir, and a second energy dissipation grid; the communicating vessel is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the water tank and is in communication with the interior of the water tank; The sedimentation tank and the tailwater tank are connected to the end of the water tank in sequence, and the tailwater tank is connected to the water reservoir; The sand leakage port is located on the bottom surface of the water tank, and a sand retaining plate is installed at the sand leakage port, and the height of the sand retaining plate is adjustable.

10. The flume test system suitable for studying the lateral distribution law of bed load transport rate according to claim 9, characterized in that: An inclined surface is formed on the upper end of the thin-wall weir, and the inclined surface faces the second energy dissipation grid.

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