A helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench

Abstract

The present invention provides a helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench, comprising a base with a mounting plate, a power transmission mechanism, an oil guide mechanism, a flight attitude simulation platform mounted on the base's underside via a connecting assembly, a drive mechanism mounted on the base, and a test body. The test body comprises a planetary gear train gearbox mounted on the base, a planetary gear train mounted within the inner cavity of the planetary gear train gearbox, the planetary gear train comprising a sun gear, an inner ring gear, a planetary carrier, and three planetary gear mechanisms mounted on the planetary carrier. The planetary gear mechanisms comprise a hollow planetary shaft mounted on the planetary carrier, planetary gears embedded with test bearings and auxiliary bearings, the planetary gears being sleeved on the hollow planetary shafts and meshing with the sun gear and the inner ring gear. The present invention allows the test bearing to simultaneously rotate and revolve in a simulated helicopter operating condition, effectively evaluating the lubrication effectiveness of the helicopter planetary gear bearings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench, belonging to the technical field of bearing lubrication. Background Art

[0002] Under-the-ring lubrication structures are widely used in aircraft engines. Conducting under-the-ring lubrication effectiveness tests is an important means of verifying under-the-ring lubrication performance. Currently, most commonly used under-the-ring lubrication test benches integrate an oil collector ring, bearing, and nozzle on a rotating shaft. The oil volume in different chambers is collected to calculate the oil collection efficiency of the oil collector ring, and the lubrication effect is evaluated based on the oil collection efficiency of the oil collector ring. These are fixed-attitude, single-motion bearing lubrication effectiveness test benches, which cannot subject planetary gear train bearings to simulate the actual operating conditions of a helicopter, nor can they cause the planetary gear train bearings to simultaneously revolve and rotate.

[0003] Chinese patent application publication number CN118150164A discloses a lubrication test device and method, comprising a support housing with a support shaft rotatably connected thereto; a test chamber housing connected to the support housing, forming a closed collected oil chamber between the test chamber housing and the outer wall of the support housing, and provided with a collected oil chamber ventilation joint and a collected oil chamber return joint; a nozzle mounting plate connected to the test chamber housing, forming a closed uncollected oil chamber between the nozzle mounting plate and the test chamber housing, and provided with a nozzle assembly for injecting lubricating oil, and provided with an uncollected oil chamber ventilation joint and an uncollected oil chamber return joint; and a lubrication simulation adapter assembly, one end of which is detachably connected to the support shaft and the other end of which extends through the test chamber housing into the uncollected oil chamber. Such a test device cannot simulate the actual operating conditions of a helicopter and cannot simultaneously orbit and rotate the planetary gear bearings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above problems to be solved, the present invention provides a helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench, which can lubricate the test bearing that rotates and revolves simultaneously in a simulated real operating condition of the helicopter, and then collect the oil output of the test bearing end face and the auxiliary bearing end face to calculate the flow rate of the inner cavity of the hollow planetary bearing. The flow rate of the inner cavity of the hollow planetary bearing and the torque of the sun gear are used to evaluate the lubrication effect of the test bearing, thereby effectively evaluating the lubrication effect of the helicopter planetary gear bearing.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a helicopter planetary gear bearing ring under-lubrication test bench, comprising a base with a mounting plate, a power transmission mechanism, an oil guide mechanism, a flight attitude simulation platform mounted on the lower surface of the base through a connecting assembly, a driving mechanism and a test body arranged on the base; the test body comprises a planetary gear train gearbox mounted on the base and a planetary gear train mounted in the inner cavity of the planetary gear train gearbox, the planetary gear train comprises a sun gear, an inner ring gear, a planetary carrier and three planetary gear mechanisms arranged on the planetary carrier, and the oil guide mechanism is connected to the planetary carrier; the bottom surface of the planetary gear train gearbox is divided into two oil collecting tanks by two oil retaining dams, and the inner ring gear is fixedly mounted between the two oil retaining dams , two oil collecting grooves are respectively located on both sides of the inner gear ring; the power transmission mechanism includes a first coupling, a torque and speed sensor fixed on the mounting plate, a second coupling and a sun shaft connected in sequence; the first coupling is connected to the driving mechanism, and the sun shaft passes through the two bearing seats on the mounting plate, the planetary gear train gear box side plate, and the sun gear in sequence and extends to the bearing embedded in the planetary carrier. A gasket is arranged on the end face of the bearing away from the sun gear, and a locking nut is arranged on the other end of the gasket; the planetary gear mechanism includes a hollow planetary shaft installed on the planetary carrier, a planetary gear with a test bearing and an auxiliary bearing embedded in it, the planetary gear sleeve is arranged on the hollow planetary shaft, the planetary gear is meshed with the sun gear, and the planetary gear is meshed with the inner gear ring.

[0006] In a specific embodiment, the test bearing is a cylindrical roller bearing, and the test bearing and the auxiliary bearing are embedded in the planetary gear side by side. The test bearing, the auxiliary bearing and the planetary gear are arranged concentrically, and the auxiliary bearing is connected to an axial positioning mechanism; the end of the hollow planetary shaft close to the test bearing is connected to an oil hose, and the oil hose is connected to the oil pipeline of the oil guide mechanism, and the other end of the hollow planetary shaft is connected to a sealing plug, and the hollow planetary shaft is arranged with a first positioning hole and multiple first oil inlet holes; a test bearing inner ring is arranged in the test bearing, and the test bearing inner ring is arranged with a second positioning hole that cooperates with the first positioning hole and multiple second oil inlet holes that respectively cooperate with the corresponding first oil inlet holes.

[0007] In a specific embodiment, the oil guide mechanism includes a planetary oil guide cover, which is provided with an oil inlet pipe and three oil delivery pipes. The three oil delivery pipes are respectively connected to the oil delivery hoses of the three hollow planetary shafts. The oil inlet pipe passes through the oil inlet of the planetary gear train gearbox and is connected to the lubricating oil system through a single-way lubricating oil rotary joint. The planetary oil guide cover is connected to the planetary carrier.

[0008] In a specific embodiment, the material of the inner ring of the test bearing is 45 steel.

[0009] In a specific embodiment, the flight attitude simulation platform is a six-degree-of-freedom platform.

[0010] In a specific embodiment, the axial positioning mechanism is an elastic retaining ring.

[0011] In a specific embodiment, the auxiliary bearing and the bearing are both deep groove ball bearings.

[0012] In a specific embodiment, the driving mechanism includes a driving motor and a frequency converter connected to the driving motor. The driving motor is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate, and the driving motor is connected to the first coupling.

[0013] In a specific embodiment, the two oil collecting tanks are both connected to beakers via pipelines.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0015] 1. The present invention places the test subject in a simulated helicopter operating condition through a flight attitude simulation platform. The cooperation between the power transmission mechanism and the planetary gear train enables the test bearing to rotate and revolve simultaneously, thereby achieving lubrication of the test bearing that rotates and revolves simultaneously in the simulated helicopter operating condition. The oil output from the end face of the test bearing and the end face of the auxiliary bearing that rotate and revolve simultaneously in the simulated helicopter operating condition is collected to calculate the flow rate of the inner cavity of the hollow planetary bearing. The torque of the sun gear is obtained through torque and speed sensing. The flow rate of the inner cavity of the hollow planetary bearing and the torque of the sun gear are used to evaluate the lubrication effect of the test bearing, thereby more effectively evaluating the lubrication effect of the helicopter planetary gear bearing.

[0016] 2. The test bearing of the present invention adopts a cylindrical roller bearing of model NU212EM / P5, the inner ring of which is replaced with an inner ring made of 45 steel by machining, and the test bearing is positioned by an auxiliary bearing, which effectively solves the problems of difficult processing of the inner ring of bearing steel and high processing price. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic structural diagram of the helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a side view of the lubrication test bench under the planetary gear bearing ring of this helicopter.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planetary gear system structure of the planetary gear bearing ring under lubrication test bench of this helicopter.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the planetary gear mechanism structure of the helicopter planetary gear bearing ring under the lubrication test bench

[0021] Figure markings: base 1, mounting plate 2, planetary gear train gearbox 3, sun gear 4, inner ring gear 5, planetary carrier 6, planetary gear mechanism 7, oil dam 8, oil collecting tank 9, one-way rotary joint 10, first coupling 11, torque and speed sensor 12, second coupling 13, sun shaft 14, bearing seat 15, bearing 16, gasket 17, locking nut 18, planetary oil guide cover 19, six-degree-of-freedom platform 20, drive mechanism 21, planetary gear train 22, hollow planetary shaft 71, test bearing 72, auxiliary bearing 73, planetary gear 74, oil delivery hose 75, sealing plug 76, elastic retaining ring 77. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0023] refer to Figures 1 to 3 A helicopter planetary gear bearing ring under-lubrication test bench includes a base 1 with a mounting plate 2, a power transmission mechanism, an oil guide mechanism, a flight attitude simulation platform mounted on the lower surface of the base 1 through a connecting assembly, a drive mechanism 21 arranged on the base 1, and a test subject. Preferably, the flight attitude simulation platform is a six-degree-of-freedom platform 20, which simulates a flight attitude of a pitch angle of ±30° and a roll angle of ±30° through six hydraulic cylinders, so that the test subject can be in a simulated real helicopter operating condition. The six-degree-of-freedom platform 20 is a prior art.

[0024] The test body includes a planetary gear train gearbox 3 installed on the base 1 and a planetary gear train 22 installed in the inner cavity of the planetary gear train gearbox 3. The planetary gear train gearbox 3 is a rectangular parallelepiped made of acrylic plate. The planetary gear train gearbox 3 is provided with a side door to facilitate the installation and removal of the planetary gear train 22. The planetary gear train 22 includes a sun gear 4, an inner ring gear 5, a planetary carrier 6 and three planetary gear mechanisms 7 arranged on the planetary carrier 6. The oil guide mechanism is connected to the planetary carrier 6; the bottom surface of the planetary gear train gearbox 3 is divided into two oil collecting tanks 9 by two oil retaining dams 8, the inner ring gear 5 is fixedly installed between the two oil retaining dams 8, and the two oil collecting tanks 9 are respectively located on both sides of the inner ring gear 5. Preferably, the two oil collecting tanks 9 are connected to beakers through pipes, and the beakers are used to collect lubricating oil.

[0025] The power transmission mechanism includes a first coupling 11, a torque and speed sensor 12 fixed on the mounting plate 2, a second coupling 13 and a sun shaft 14 connected in sequence; the first coupling 11 is connected to the driving mechanism 21, and the sun shaft 14 passes through two bearing seats 15 on the mounting plate 2, the planetary gear box 3, and the sun gear 4 in sequence and extends to the bearing 16 embedded in the planetary carrier 6. Preferably, the bearing 16 is a deep groove ball bearing, and a gasket 17 is arranged on the end face of the bearing 16 away from the sun gear 4, and a locking nut 18 is arranged on the other end of the gasket 17 to achieve axial positioning. Preferably, the bearing 16 is connected to a sleeve near the end face of the sun gear 4, and the sun gear 4 is positioned by the shoulder and sleeve on the sun shaft 14.

[0026] The torque and speed sensor 12 is used to measure the speed and torque of the sun gear 4 .

[0027] refer to Figure 4 The planetary gear mechanism 7 includes a hollow planetary shaft 71 fixed on the planetary carrier 6, a planetary gear 74 embedded with a test bearing 72 and an auxiliary bearing 73, the auxiliary bearing 73 axially positions the test bearing 72, and the planetary gear 74 is sleeved on the hollow planetary shaft 71. The planetary gear 74 is engaged with the sun gear 4, and the planetary gear 74 is engaged with the inner ring gear 5.

[0028] The driving mechanism 21 drives the sun shaft 14 to rotate, and the sun shaft 14 drives the sun gear 4 to rotate. The planetary gears 74 engage with the fixed inner ring gear 5, and the planetary gears 74 engage with the sun gear 4. Therefore, the planetary gears 74 roll along the inner ring gear 5, thereby causing the planetary gears 74 to rotate around the hollow planetary shaft 71 and revolve around the sun shaft 14, and the planet carrier 6 is driven to rotate by the planetary gears 74.

[0029] The test bearing 72 is a cylindrical roller bearing, and its model is NU212EM / P5. Preferably, the auxiliary bearing 73 is a deep groove ball bearing. The test bearing 72 and the auxiliary bearing 73 are embedded in the planetary gear 74 side by side. The test bearing 72, the auxiliary bearing 73 and the planetary gear 74 are arranged concentrically. The auxiliary bearing 73 is connected with an axial positioning mechanism. Optionally, the axial positioning mechanism is an elastic retaining ring 77, which axially positions the test bearing 72 through the auxiliary bearing 73; one end of the hollow planetary shaft 71 close to the test bearing 72 is connected to an oil hose 75, and the oil hose 75 is connected to the oil pipeline of the oil guide mechanism. The other end of the hollow planetary shaft 71 is connected to a sealing plug 76, and the hollow planetary shaft 71 is arranged with a first positioning hole and multiple first oil inlets Hole; a test bearing inner ring is arranged in the test bearing 72. Preferably, the material of the test bearing inner ring is 45 steel, and the test bearing inner ring is machined. The test bearing inner ring is arranged with a second positioning hole that cooperates with the first positioning hole and multiple second oil inlet holes that respectively cooperate with the corresponding first oil inlet holes. The first positioning hole on the hollow planetary shaft 71 cooperates with the second positioning hole on the test bearing inner ring to circumferentially position the test bearing inner ring and the hollow planetary shaft 71. After the test bearing inner ring and the hollow planetary shaft 71 are circumferentially positioned, the multiple first oil inlet holes on the hollow planetary shaft 71 are respectively aligned with the multiple second oil inlet holes on the test bearing inner ring to form a lubricating oil channel. The lubricating oil in the hollow planetary shaft 71 enters the test bearing 72 through the lubricating oil channel.

[0030] In this test bench, the inner ring of the NU212EM / P5 cylindrical roller bearing was replaced with an inner ring made of 45 steel through machining, which effectively solved the problems of difficult and high processing prices of bearing steel inner rings.

[0031] Furthermore, the oil guide mechanism includes a planetary oil guide cover 19, which is provided with an oil inlet pipe and three oil delivery pipes. The three oil delivery pipes are respectively connected to the oil delivery hoses 75 of the three hollow planetary shafts 71. The oil inlet pipe passes through the oil inlet of the planetary gear train gearbox 3 and is connected to the lubrication system through the single-way lubricating oil rotary joint 10. The planetary oil guide cover 19 is connected to the planetary carrier 6, and the planetary oil guide cover 19 rotates with the planetary carrier 6.

[0032] The lubricating oil is pressurized by the lubrication system and enters the planetary oil guide cover 19 through the oil inlet pipe. The three oil delivery pipes of the planetary oil guide cover 19 respectively input the lubricating oil into the three hollow planetary shafts 71.

[0033] The planetary gear system is divided into four chambers, namely the oil outlet chamber of the end face of the test bearing 72, whose oil output is represented by A, the oil outlet chamber of the end face of the auxiliary bearing 73, whose oil output is represented by B, and the inner chamber of the hollow planetary shaft 71, whose flow rate is represented by L cThe oil volume in the cavity between the test bearing 72 and the corresponding auxiliary bearing 73 is represented by D.

[0034] The oil collecting tank 9 located below the end face of the test bearing 72 away from the corresponding auxiliary bearing 73 is used to collect the oil from the end faces of the three test bearings 72. The oil collecting tank 9 located below the end face of the auxiliary bearing 73 away from the corresponding test bearing 72 is used to collect the oil from the end faces of the three auxiliary bearings 73. The amount of oil collected by the two oil collecting tanks 9 can be used to calculate the flow rate of the inner cavity of the hollow planetary shaft 71. L c Specifically, through the formula D=AB and the formula L c =L-(A+B+D) / T to calculate the flow rate of the inner chamber of the hollow planetary shaft 71 L c , where T is the oil supply time of the lubrication system and L is the oil supply flow of the lubrication system.

[0035] Furthermore, the driving mechanism 21 includes a driving motor and a frequency converter connected to the driving motor. The driving motor is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 2 , connected to the first coupling 11 , and drives the sun shaft 14 to rotate.

[0036] The test steps are as follows:

[0037] 1. Adjust the six-degree-of-freedom platform 20 so that the experimental platform is in a certain posture (e.g., an elevation angle of 15° and a roll angle of 0°).

[0038] 2. Start the driving mechanism 21 and observe the torque and speed output by the torque and speed sensor 12.

[0039] 3. When the speed output by torque-speed sensor 12 reaches the target speed and motion stabilizes, record the torque output by torque-speed sensor 12 and start the lubrication system. Lubricating oil flows through planetary oil guide cover 19 into the three hollow planetary shafts 71. At this point, read the lubricating oil pump data, i.e., the lubricating system's oil flow rate L. Under the action of centrifugal force, the lubricating oil flows through the lubricating oil channel into the three test bearings 72 for under-the-ring lubrication.

[0040] 4. After 10 seconds of lubricating oil supply, turn off the lubrication system to stop the oil supply, while keeping the planetary gear train running smoothly.

[0041] 5. Record the oil output A of the end face of the test bearing 72, record the oil output B of the end face of the auxiliary bearing 73, and record the torque output by the torque speed sensor 12; through the formula D=AB and the formula L c =L-(A+B+D) / T to calculate the flow rate of the inner chamber of the hollow planetary shaft 71 L c .

[0042] 6. Flow rate through the inner chamber of the hollow planetary shaft 71 L c The torque of the sun gear 4 is used to evaluate the lubrication effect of the test bearing 72, and further evaluate the lubrication effect of the helicopter planetary gear bearing.

[0043] 7. Set different operating conditions and lubrication parameters for repeated tests.

[0044] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and the specific implementation of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all of these should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench, characterized in that: It comprises a base (1) provided with a mounting plate (2), a power transmission mechanism, an oil guide mechanism, a flight attitude simulation platform installed on the lower surface of the base (1) via a connecting assembly, a driving mechanism (21) arranged on the base (1), and a test body; The test subject comprises a planetary gear train gearbox (3) mounted on a base (1) and a planetary gear train (22) mounted in an inner cavity of the planetary gear train gearbox (3), wherein the planetary gear train (22) comprises a sun gear (4), an inner gear ring (5), a planetary carrier (6) and three planetary gear mechanisms (7) arranged on the planetary carrier (6), and an oil guide mechanism is connected to the planetary carrier (6); the bottom surface of the planetary gear train gearbox (3) is divided into two oil collecting tanks (9) by two oil retaining dams (8), the inner gear ring (5) is fixedly mounted between the two oil retaining dams (8), and the two oil collecting tanks (9) are respectively located on both sides of the inner gear ring (5); The power transmission mechanism comprises a first coupling (11), a torque and speed sensor (12) fixed on a mounting plate (2), a second coupling (13) and a sun shaft (14) connected in sequence; the first coupling (11) is connected to a driving mechanism (21); the sun shaft (14) passes through two bearing seats (15) on the mounting plate (2), a side plate of a planetary gear train gearbox (3), and a sun gear (4) in sequence and then extends to a bearing (16) embedded in a planetary carrier (6); a gasket (17) is arranged on the end face of the bearing (16) away from the sun gear (4); a locking nut (18) is arranged on the other end of the gasket (17); The planetary gear mechanism (7) comprises a hollow planetary shaft (71) mounted on a planetary carrier (6), a planetary gear (74) embedded with a test bearing (72) and an auxiliary bearing (73), the planetary gear (74) being sleeved on the hollow planetary shaft (71), the planetary gear (74) being meshed with the sun gear (4), and the planetary gear (74) being meshed with the inner ring gear (5).

2. The helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test bearing (72) is a cylindrical roller bearing. The test bearing (72) and the auxiliary bearing (73) are embedded in the planetary gear (74) side by side. The test bearing (72), the auxiliary bearing (73) and the planetary gear (74) are concentrically arranged. The auxiliary bearing (73) is connected to an axial positioning mechanism. An end of the hollow planetary shaft (71) close to the test bearing (72) is connected to an oil hose (75). The oil hose (75) is connected to the oil pipeline of the oil guide mechanism. The other end of the hollow planetary shaft (71) is connected to a sealing plug (76). The hollow planetary shaft (71) is provided with a first positioning hole and a plurality of first oil inlet holes. A test bearing inner ring is arranged in the test bearing (72). The test bearing inner ring is provided with a second positioning hole matched with the first positioning hole and a plurality of second oil inlet holes respectively matched with the corresponding first oil inlet holes.

3. The helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that: The oil guide mechanism includes a planetary oil guide cover (19), the planetary oil guide cover (19) is provided with an oil inlet pipe and three oil delivery pipes, the three oil delivery pipes are respectively connected to the oil delivery hoses (75) of the three hollow planetary shafts (71), the oil inlet pipe passes through the oil inlet of the planetary gear train gear box (3) and is connected to the lubricating oil system through a single-way lubricating oil rotary joint (10), and the planetary oil guide cover (19) is connected to the planet carrier (6).

4. The helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material of the inner ring of the test bearing is 45 steel.

5. The helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flight attitude simulation platform is a six-degree-of-freedom platform (20).

6. The helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench according to claim 5, characterized in that: The axial positioning mechanism is an elastic retaining ring (77).

7. The helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench according to claim 6, characterized in that: The auxiliary bearing (73) and the bearing (16) are both deep groove ball bearings.

8. The helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench according to claim 7, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (21) includes a driving motor and a frequency converter connected to the driving motor. The driving motor is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate (2), and the driving motor is connected to the first coupling (11).

9. The helicopter planetary gear bearing under-ring lubrication test bench according to claim 8, characterized in that: The two oil collecting tanks (9) are both connected to beakers via pipelines.

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