Automatic surface flaw detection machine based on machine vision

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of flaw detection, and particularly relates to an automatic surface flaw detection machine based on machine vision, the automatic surface flaw detection machine comprises a case, the lower surface of the case is fixedly connected with a support column, the upper surface of the case is fixedly connected with a processor, and the lower side of the opening end of the case is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft. A light moving assembly is arranged, a two-way motor is started to drive a first gear to rotate, a shifting ring connected with the first gear in an engaged mode can be driven to rotate synchronously, in the rotating process of the shifting ring, a plurality of shifting columns are also in the moving process, the moving shifting columns can enter an arc-shaped groove of a rotating ring column, and due to the arrangement of the shape of the arc-shaped groove, the rotating ring column can rotate synchronously; and the movement of the displacement column can push the rotation of the rotating ring column, so that the rotation of the lamp post is controlled, the multi-angle change of light in the device is realized, a better light and shadow detection effect on the surface of a detected material is achieved, and the flaw detection capability of the device is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of flaw detection, and in particular relates to an automatic surface flaw detector based on machine vision. Background Art

[0002] In modern industrial production, product surface quality is a key indicator of product quality. From sheet metal to plastics, from electronic components to textiles, any surface defect can impact product performance, reliability, and aesthetics. Traditional manual inspection methods are inefficient, susceptible to subjective factors, and unable to meet the inspection requirements of large-scale, high-precision production. Therefore, machine vision-based automatic surface defect detectors have emerged as a valuable tool for ensuring product quality and improving production efficiency.

[0003] Existing publication number CN120009281A discloses a vehicle engine cylinder head appearance inspection and defect determination system, including an image acquisition module: used to collect vehicle engine cylinder head appearance images from multiple angles; a model construction module: used to construct a deep convolutional neural network model based on deep learning; and a model training module: used to train the deep convolutional neural network model using multiple labeled engine cylinder head sample images to obtain an engine cylinder head appearance inspection model.

[0004] The existing automatic surface flaw detector based on machine vision still has the following shortcomings:

[0005] Due to the design limitations of light and shadow angles, the light and shadow effects in some areas are reduced, and thus most of them are only suitable for flaw detection on smooth surfaces. When faced with surfaces with complex shapes and textures, the detection precision and accuracy are not high, which makes the flaw detection machine have certain limitations and cannot completely replace manual flaw detection. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic surface defect detector based on machine vision to address the problem that the design proposed in the above-mentioned background technology is limited by the light and shadow angle, which reduces the light and shadow effect in some areas and is mostly only suitable for flaw detection of samples with smooth surfaces. When faced with the problem of low detection precision and accuracy of sample surfaces with complex surface shapes and textures, the present invention provides an automatic surface defect detector based on machine vision.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: an automatic surface defect detector based on machine vision, comprising a chassis, the lower surface of which is fixedly connected to a support column, the upper surface of which is fixedly connected to a processor, the lower side of the open end of the chassis is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft, the side of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to a door, the inner bottom surface of the chassis and the side of the door are provided with a shifting assembly, a light moving assembly and a vision acquisition assembly are provided in the chassis, and the vision acquisition assembly is arranged on the inner side of the light moving assembly.

[0008] Furthermore, the light moving assembly includes a fixed circular plate, the upper surface of the fixed circular plate is fixedly connected to a number of connecting rods in a circular array, the upper ends of the several connecting rods are fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the chassis, the side surface of the fixed circular plate is provided with eight inner grooves in a circular array, the side surface of the fixed circular plate is slidingly connected to a shift ring, the side surface of the shift ring is provided with a number of tooth grooves, the upper surface of the chassis is fixedly connected to a bidirectional motor, the output end of the bidirectional motor passes through the inner top surface of the chassis and is fixedly connected to gear No. 1, the gear No. 1 is meshed in the tooth groove, and eight rotating parts are provided on the outside of the shift ring.

[0009] Furthermore, the rotating part includes a rotating ring column, which is rotatably connected to the outer side of the shift ring. The rotating ring column is arranged in the inner groove. The inner side surface of the rotating ring column is provided with a plurality of arc grooves in a ring array. The upper surface of the shift ring is fixedly connected with a plurality of shift columns, which are meshed and connected in the arc groove. The lower side of the rotating ring column is fixedly connected with a lamp column.

[0010] Furthermore, the visual acquisition component includes a slider, the upper surface of the fixed circular plate is provided with eight through slots in a ring array, the slider is slidably connected to the through slots, the upper surface of the slider is fixedly connected to an arc block, the side of the arc block close to the center point of the fixed circular plate is provided with serrations, the lower surface of the slider is fixedly connected to a fixing frame, a camera is rotatably connected to the fixing frame, a micro motor is fixedly connected to the side of the fixing frame, and the output end of the micro motor passes through the fixing frame and is fixedly connected to the side of the camera.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper surface of the fixed circular plate is rotatably connected to a fixed shaft, the fixed shaft passes through and is fixedly connected to gear number three and gear number four, the gear number four is arranged on the upper side of gear number three, the gear number three and the saw teeth are meshed with each other, the output end of the bidirectional motor passes through and is fixedly connected to gear number two, and the outer sides of gear number two and gear number four are meshed with a transmission track.

[0012] Furthermore, the shift assembly includes two No. 1 slide rails, the two No. 1 slide rails are fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the chassis, and a placement piece is provided on the upper side of the two No. 1 slide rails, and the placement piece includes a placement plate, and the lower surface of the placement plate is fixed with a connecting seat, and a roller is rotatably connected in the connecting seat, and the roller is slidably connected in the No. 1 slide rail, and two No. 2 slide rails are fixedly connected to the side of the box door close to the chassis, and the No. 1 slide rail and the No. 2 slide rail correspond to each other.

[0013] Furthermore, a slide groove is provided on the inner side of the No. 2 slide rail, and a connecting plate is provided on the inner side of the No. 2 slide rail. Both side surfaces of the connecting plate are rotatably connected to end shafts, and the end shafts are slidably connected in the slide groove. The connecting plate is rotatably connected to the No. 1 slide rail at one end away from the No. 2 slide rail.

[0014] Furthermore, a limiting plate is slidably connected to the inner side of the No. 1 slide rail, and the limiting plate is arranged between the placement plate and the inner side of the chassis. The side of the limiting plate away from the No. 2 slide rail is fixedly connected to two springs, and the ends of the two springs away from the limiting plate are fixedly connected to the inner side of the chassis.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this surface defect automatic flaw detector based on machine vision are:

[0016] 1. The present invention sets a light moving component, starts a bidirectional motor to drive the No. 1 gear to rotate, and can drive the shift ring meshing with it to rotate synchronously. During the rotation of the shift ring, several shift posts are also in the process of moving, and the moving shift posts will enter the arc groove of the rotating ring post. Due to the setting of the arc groove shape, the movement of the shift post can promote the rotation of the rotating ring post, and then control the rotation of the lamp post, thereby realizing multi-angle changes of the light inside the device, so that there is a better light and shadow detection effect on the surface of the test material, thereby enhancing the defect detection capability of the device.

[0017] 2. The present invention sets a visual acquisition component. During the start-up of the bidirectional motor, the second gear will also be driven to rotate. Under the action of the transmission track, the fourth gear can be driven to rotate. Because the third gear and the fourth gear are coaxially arranged, the third gear can also be rotated synchronously, thereby driving the movement of the arc block, and then the slider slides in the through groove, thereby realizing the horizontal movement of the camera. During the movement of the camera, the micro motor will also independently drive the camera to rotate. Under the light and shadow effects, the multi-directional rotating micro motor can have a better detection effect.

[0018] 3. The present invention sets a shift component. During the process of pulling down the box door, the distance between the No. 1 slide rail and the No. 2 slide rail will increase. At this time, the end shaft slides in the slide groove, causing the connecting plate to gradually unfold. When the box door is flat, the connecting plate will also connect the No. 1 slide rail and the No. 2 slide rail, so that the placement piece can be moved better. After the test material is placed on the upper surface of the placement plate, the placement piece can be pushed into the chassis. During the process of closing the box door, the connecting plate will also move, so the front side of the placement plate can be squeezed and limited. During the process of the placement plate being squeezed backward, the limit plate will also squeeze and limit the rear side of the placement plate under the action of the spring, so that the test material can remain stable during the detection process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the outer structure of the machine vision-based automatic surface flaw detector provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the machine vision-based automatic surface flaw detector provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 1 is a schematic diagram of the upper side of the detection component of the automatic surface flaw detector based on machine vision provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of part A;

[0023] Figure 5 1 is a schematic diagram of the bottom side of the detection component of the surface defect automatic flaw detector based on machine vision provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of a displacement assembly of a surface defect automatic flaw detector based on machine vision provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Magnified view of part B.

[0026] In the figure, 1 chassis, 11 support column, 12 box door, 13 rotating shaft, 14 processor, 2 fixed circular plate, 21 connecting rod, 22 through groove, 23 slider, 24 arc block, 25 fixed frame, 26 camera, 27 micro motor, 3 shift ring, 31 tooth groove, 32 shift column, 33 rotating ring column, 34 arc groove, 35 lamp column, 36 inner groove, 4 bidirectional motor, 41 No. 1 gear, 42 No. 2 gear, 43 No. 3 gear, 44 No. 4 gear, 45 fixed shaft, 46 transmission track, 5 No. 1 slide rail, 51 placement plate, 52 No. 2 slide rail, 53 connecting plate, 54 end shaft, 55 slide groove, 6 limit plate, 61 spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, the machine vision-based automatic surface defect detector includes a chassis 1, a support column 11 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the chassis 1, a processor 14 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the chassis 1, a shaft 13 is rotatably connected to the lower side of the open end of the chassis 1, and a door 12 is rotatably connected to the side of the shaft 13. A shifting assembly is provided on the inner bottom surface of the chassis 1 and the side of the door 12. A light moving assembly and a vision acquisition assembly are provided in the chassis 1, and the vision acquisition assembly is provided on the inner side of the light moving assembly;

[0029] The light moving assembly includes a fixed circular plate 2, the upper surface of which is fixedly connected to a plurality of connecting rods 21 in an annular array. The upper ends of the plurality of connecting rods 21 are fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the chassis 1. The side surface of the fixed circular plate 2 is provided with eight inner grooves 36 in an annular array. The side surface of the fixed circular plate 2 is slidably connected to a shift ring 3, and the side surface of the shift ring 3 is provided with a plurality of tooth grooves 31. The upper surface of the chassis 1 is fixedly connected to a bidirectional motor 4. The output end of the bidirectional motor 4 passes through the inner top surface of the chassis 1 and is fixedly connected to a number one gear 41. The number one gear 41 is meshed and connected in the tooth groove 31. The outer side of the shift ring 3 is provided with eight rotating parts.

[0030] The rotating member includes a rotating ring column 33, which is rotatably connected to the outer side of the shift ring 3. The rotating ring column 33 is arranged in the inner groove 36. The inner side of the rotating ring column 33 is provided with a plurality of arc grooves 34 in a ring array. The upper surface of the shift ring 3 is fixedly connected to a plurality of shift columns 32. The shift columns 32 are meshed and connected in the arc grooves 34. The lower side of the rotating ring column 33 is fixedly connected to the lamp column 35. Starting the bidirectional motor 4 drives the first gear 41 to rotate, which can drive the gear meshed with it. The shift ring 3 rotates synchronously. During the rotation of the shift ring 3, several shift posts 32 are also in the moving process. Then the moving shift posts 32 will enter the arc groove 34 of the rotating ring post 33. Due to the shape of the arc groove 34, the movement of the shift posts 32 can promote the rotation of the rotating ring post 33, thereby controlling the rotation of the lamp post 35, thereby realizing the multi-angle change of the light inside the device, so as to have a better light and shadow detection effect on the surface of the sample, thereby enhancing the defect detection capability of the device;

[0031] The visual acquisition component includes a slider 23. The upper surface of the fixed circular plate 2 is provided with eight through slots 22 in an annular array. The slider 23 is slidably connected to the through slots 22. The upper surface of the slider 23 is fixedly connected to an arc block 24. The side of the arc block 24 near the center point of the fixed circular plate 2 is provided with serrations. The lower surface of the slider 23 is fixedly connected to a fixing frame 25. A camera 26 is rotatably connected to the fixing frame 25. A micro motor 27 is fixedly connected to the side of the fixing frame 25. The output end of the micro motor 27 passes through the fixing frame 25 and is fixedly connected to the side of the camera 26.

[0032] The upper surface of the fixed circular plate 2 is rotatably connected with a fixed shaft 45, which passes through and is fixedly connected to the third gear 43 and the fourth gear 44. The fourth gear 44 is arranged on the upper side of the third gear 43, and the third gear 43 and the saw teeth are meshed with each other. The output end of the bidirectional motor 4 passes through and is fixedly connected to the second gear 42. The outer sides of the second gear 42 and the fourth gear 44 are meshed and connected with a transmission crawler 46. When the bidirectional motor 4 is started, it will also drive the second gear 42 to rotate. Under the transmission action of the transmission crawler 46, it can also drive the rotation of the fourth gear 44. Because the third gear 43 and the fourth gear 44 are coaxially arranged, the third gear 43 can also achieve synchronous rotation, thereby driving the movement of the arc block 24, and then the slider 23 slides in the through groove 22, thereby realizing the horizontal movement of the camera 26. During the movement of the camera 26, the micro motor 27 will also independently drive the camera 26 to rotate. Under the light and shadow effect, the multi-directional rotating micro motor 27 can have a better detection effect;

[0033] The shift assembly includes two No. 1 slide rails 5, which are fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the chassis 1. A placement member is provided on the upper side of the two No. 1 slide rails 5, and the placement member includes a placement plate 51. The lower surface of the placement plate 51 is fixed to a connection seat, and a roller is rotatably connected in the connection seat. The roller is slidably connected to the No. 1 slide rail 5. The side of the box door 12 close to the chassis 1 is fixedly connected to two No. 2 slide rails 52. The No. 1 slide rail 5 and the No. 2 slide rail 52 correspond to each other.

[0034] The inner side of the No. 2 slide rail 52 is provided with a slide groove 55, and the inner side of the No. 2 slide rail 52 is provided with a connecting plate 53. The two sides of the connecting plate 53 are rotatably connected to the end shaft 54, and the end shaft 54 is slidably connected to the slide groove 55, and the connecting plate 53 is rotatably connected to the No. 1 slide rail 5 at one end away from the No. 2 slide rail 52. When the box door 12 is pulled down, the distance between the No. 1 slide rail 5 and the No. 2 slide rail 52 will increase accordingly. At this time, the end shaft 54 slides in the slide groove 55, causing the connecting plate 53 to gradually expand. When the box door 12 is flat, the connecting plate 53 will also connect the No. 1 slide rail 5 and the No. 2 slide rail 52, so that the placement piece can be better moved. After the sample is placed on the upper surface of the placement plate 51, the placement piece can be pushed into the chassis 1;

[0035] There is a limit plate 6 slidingly connected to the No. 1 slide rail 5, and the limit plate 6 is set between the placement plate 51 and the inner side of the chassis 1. The side of the limit plate 6 away from the No. 2 slide rail 52 is fixedly connected to two springs 61, and the ends of the two springs 61 away from the limit plate 6 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the chassis 1. In the process of closing the door 12, the connecting plate 53 will also move, so that the front side of the placement plate 51 can be squeezed and limited. In the process of the placement plate 51 being squeezed backward, the limit plate 6 will also squeeze and limit the rear side of the placement plate 51 under the action of the spring 61, so that the test material remains stable during the detection process.

[0036] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0037] By setting up a light moving component and starting the bidirectional motor 4 to drive the No. 1 gear 41 to rotate, the shift ring 3 meshed with it can be driven to rotate synchronously. During the rotation of the shift ring 3, several shift posts 32 are also in the process of moving, and the moving shift posts 32 will enter the arc groove 34 of the rotating ring post 33. Due to the setting of the shape of the arc groove 34, the movement of the shift post 32 can promote the rotation of the rotating ring post 33, thereby controlling the rotation of the lamp post 35, thereby realizing multi-angle changes of the light inside the device, so that the surface of the sample has a better light and shadow detection effect, thereby enhancing the defect detection capability of the device;

[0038] By setting up a visual acquisition component, during the startup of the bidirectional motor 4, the second gear 42 will also be driven to rotate. Under the transmission action of the transmission track 46, the fourth gear 44 can be driven to rotate. Because the third gear 43 and the fourth gear 44 are coaxially arranged, the third gear 43 can also rotate synchronously, thereby driving the movement of the arc block 24, and then the slider 23 slides in the through groove 22, thereby realizing the horizontal movement of the camera 26. During the movement of the camera 26, the micro motor 27 will also independently drive the camera 26 to rotate. Under the light and shadow effect, the multi-directional rotating micro motor 27 can achieve a better detection effect;

[0039] By setting up a shift component, during the process of pulling down the box door 12, the distance between the No. 1 slide rail 5 and the No. 2 slide rail 52 will increase accordingly. At this time, the end shaft 54 slides in the slide groove 55, causing the connecting plate 53 to gradually expand. When the box door 12 is flat, the connecting plate 53 will also connect the No. 1 slide rail 5 and the No. 2 slide rail 52, so that the placement piece can be moved better. After the sample is placed on the upper surface of the placement plate 51, the placement piece can be pushed into the chassis 1. During the process of closing the box door 12, the connecting plate 53 will also move, so that the front side of the placement plate 51 can be squeezed and limited. During the process of the placement plate 51 being squeezed backward, the limit plate 6 will also squeeze and limit the rear side of the placement plate 51 under the action of the spring 61, so that the sample can remain stable during the detection process.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The automatic surface flaw detector based on machine vision is characterized by: The invention comprises a chassis (1), wherein the lower surface of the chassis (1) is fixedly connected to a support column (11), the upper surface of the chassis (1) is fixedly connected to a processor (14), the lower side of the open end of the chassis (1) is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft (13), the side of the rotating shaft (13) is rotatably connected to a cabinet door (12), the inner bottom surface of the chassis (1) and the side of the cabinet door (12) are provided with a shifting assembly, and the chassis (1) is provided with a light moving assembly and a vision collecting assembly, and the vision collecting assembly is provided inside the light moving assembly.

2. The surface defect automatic flaw detector based on machine vision according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The light moving assembly includes a fixed circular plate (2), the upper surface of the fixed circular plate (2) is fixedly connected to a plurality of connecting rods (21) in an annular array, the upper ends of the plurality of connecting rods (21) are fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the chassis (1), the side surface of the fixed circular plate (2) is provided with eight inner grooves (36) in an annular array, the side surface of the fixed circular plate (2) is slidably connected to a shift ring (3), the side surface of the shift ring (3) is provided with a plurality of tooth grooves (31), the upper surface of the chassis (1) is fixedly connected to a bidirectional motor (4), the output end of the bidirectional motor (4) passes through the inner top surface of the chassis (1) and is fixedly connected to a number one gear (41), the number one gear (41) is meshed and connected in the tooth groove (31), and the outer side of the shift ring (3) is provided with eight rotating parts.

3. The surface defect automatic flaw detector based on machine vision according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The rotating member includes a rotating ring column (33), the rotating ring column (33) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the shift ring (3), the rotating ring column (33) is arranged in an inner groove (36), the inner side surface of the rotating ring column (33) is provided with a plurality of arc grooves (34) in a ring array, the upper surface of the shift ring (3) is fixedly connected to a plurality of shift columns (32), the shift columns (32) are meshed and connected in the arc grooves (34), and the lower side of the rotating ring column (33) is fixedly connected to a lamp column (35).

4. The surface defect automatic flaw detector based on machine vision according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The visual acquisition component comprises a slider (23), the upper surface of the fixed circular plate (2) is provided with eight through slots (22) in a ring array, the slider (23) is slidably connected in the through slots (22), the upper surface of the slider (23) is fixedly connected with an arc block (24), the side of the arc block (24) close to the center point of the fixed circular plate (2) is provided with saw teeth, the lower surface of the slider (23) is fixedly connected with a fixing frame (25), a camera (26) is rotatably connected in the fixing frame (25), a micro motor (27) is fixedly connected to the side of the fixing frame (25), and the output end of the micro motor (27) passes through the fixing frame (25) and is fixedly connected to the side of the camera (26).

5. The surface defect automatic flaw detector based on machine vision according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The upper surface of the fixed circular plate (2) is rotatably connected to a fixed shaft (45), the fixed shaft (45) penetrates and is fixedly connected to a third gear (43) and a fourth gear (44), the fourth gear (44) is arranged on the upper side of the third gear (43), the third gear (43) and the saw teeth are meshed with each other, the output end of the bidirectional motor (4) penetrates and is fixedly connected to a second gear (42), and the outer sides of the second gear (42) and the fourth gear (44) are meshed and connected to a transmission crawler (46).

6. The surface defect automatic flaw detector based on machine vision according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The shift assembly includes two No. 1 slide rails (5), the two No. 1 slide rails (5) are fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the chassis (1), and a placement piece is provided on the upper side of the two No. 1 slide rails (5), and the placement piece includes a placement plate (51), and the lower surface of the placement plate (51) is fixed to a connecting seat, and a roller is rotatably connected in the connecting seat, and the roller is slidably connected in the No. 1 slide rail (5), and the side of the box door (12) close to the chassis (1) is fixedly connected to two No. 2 slide rails (52), and the No. 1 slide rail (5) and the No. 2 slide rail (52) correspond to each other.

7. The automatic surface flaw detector based on machine vision according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner side of the second slide rail (52) is provided with a slide groove (55), the inner side of the second slide rail (52) is provided with a connecting plate (53), both sides of the connecting plate (53) are rotatably connected with end shafts (54), the end shafts (54) are slidably connected in the slide groove (55), and the connecting plate (53) is rotatably connected to the first slide rail (5) at one end away from the second slide rail (52).

8. The automatic surface flaw detector based on machine vision according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first slide rail (5) is slidably connected to a limit plate (6), the limit plate (6) being arranged between the placement plate (51) and the inner side of the chassis (1), and the side of the limit plate (6) away from the second slide rail (52) is fixedly connected to two springs (61), and the ends of the two springs (61) away from the limit plate (6) are fixedly connected to the inner side of the chassis (1).

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