Rice transplanting date determination method and device and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a rice transplanting date determination method and device and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of crop transplanting date determination, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining meteorological data, a rice sowing date, variety parameters and historical planting data; after the suitable transplanting date range of rice is determined, the meteorological total risk score, the yield score and the nitrogen runoff loss score of each candidate transplanting date in the suitable transplanting date range are calculated according to the obtained data, the comprehensive score of each candidate transplanting date is calculated according to the three scores, and according to the comprehensive score of each candidate transplanting date, the yield of each candidate transplanting date is calculated. And determining a recommended transplanting date among the candidate transplanting dates. According to the method, judgment results with high consistency, high repeatability and high accuracy can be provided in different regions and different years, the scientificity and the reliability of transplanting decision are relatively high, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved, the nitrogen loss degree is reduced, and the damage of nitrogen loss to the environment is avoided to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of determining the transplanting date of crops, and in particular to a method, device and storage medium for determining the transplanting date of rice. Background Art

[0002] The rice transplanting date refers to the appropriate time to transplant rice seedlings from nursery beds or trays into the field. Choosing this date is crucial for rice growth, development, and yield formation. There are two existing methods for determining the rice transplanting date: one relies on manual experience, while the other determines the appropriate transplanting time range based on historical transplanting dates and yield data, and then uses weather forecast data to determine whether each day within this transplanting time range is suitable for transplanting.

[0003] However, the above scheme is difficult to provide consistent, repeatable and accurate judgment results in different regions and different years. The scientificity and reliability of transplanting decisions are poor. In addition, the above scheme also has the problems of low nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and serious nitrogen loss. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method, device and storage medium for determining the date of rice transplanting.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for determining a rice transplanting date, comprising: Acquiring meteorological data and basic rice information; the meteorological data includes predicted meteorological data within a first time period and historical meteorological data within a second time period, the first time period being a future time period starting from the current date, and the second time period being a historical time period ending from the current date; the basic rice information includes a rice sowing date, variety parameters, and historical planting data within the second time period; determining a suitable transplanting date range for rice based on the sowing date, the variety parameters, and the meteorological data; Calculating a total meteorological risk score, a yield score, and a nitrogen runoff loss score for each candidate transplanting date within the suitable transplanting date range based on the sowing date, the meteorological data, the variety parameters, and the historical planting data; Calculating a comprehensive score for each candidate transplanting date based on the total meteorological risk score, yield score, and nitrogen runoff loss score of all candidate transplanting dates; A recommended transplanting date is determined from among the candidate transplanting dates according to the comprehensive scores of the candidate transplanting dates.

[0006] Optionally, determining a suitable transplanting date range for rice based on the sowing date, the variety parameters, and the meteorological data specifically includes: Calculating the effective accumulated temperature of the earliest seedling age and the effective accumulated temperature of the maximum leaf age suitable for the rice seedling age according to the variety parameters; Based on the sowing date, an earliest transplanting date and a latest transplanting date are calculated according to the meteorological data, the earliest transplanting date being a date when the actual total effective accumulated temperature of the rice is greater than or equal to the effective accumulated temperature of the earliest seedling age, and when the daily average temperature in the third time period is stable above 15° C.; the latest transplanting date being a date when the actual total effective accumulated temperature of the rice is equal to the effective accumulated temperature of the maximum leaf age; Determine a date range consisting of the earliest transplanting date and the latest transplanting date as the suitable transplanting date range.

[0007] Optionally, the calculation process of the total meteorological risk score of the candidate transplanting date includes: The total temperature risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated based on the meteorological data of the seedling acclimation period corresponding to the candidate transplanting date and the low temperature threshold of the rice; the total waterlogging risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated based on the meteorological data of the seedling acclimation period and the cumulative rainfall threshold of the rice; the total high wind speed risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated based on the meteorological data of the seedling acclimation period and the wind damage threshold of the rice; the variety parameters include the low temperature threshold, the cumulative rainfall threshold and the wind damage threshold; The total meteorological risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated based on the total temperature risk score, the total waterlogging risk score, the total high wind speed risk score and the preset weights of the three.

[0008] Optionally, the weight of the total temperature risk score is greater than the weight of any one of the total waterlogging risk score and the total high wind speed risk score; The weight of the total risk score of waterlogging is equal to the weight of the total risk score of high wind speed.

[0009] Optionally, the process of calculating the yield score of the candidate transplanting date includes: determining a first period of the rice according to the sowing date, the variety parameters, and the meteorological data; the first period being a period starting from the sowing date and ending at the predicted maturity date of the rice; For each day in the first period, the dry matter mass of the rice produced on that day is calculated based on the coefficient of conversion of photosynthetically active radiation to dry matter, the extinction coefficient, the leaf area index of the day corresponding to the candidate transplanting date, the photosynthetically active radiation of the day, the temperature influencing factor, the water influencing factor, and the nitrogen influencing factor; the variety parameters include the coefficient of conversion of photosynthetically active radiation to dry matter and the extinction coefficient, the leaf area index is simulated based on the corresponding candidate transplanting date, the meteorological data includes the photosynthetically active radiation, and the historical planting data includes the temperature influencing factor, the water influencing factor, and the nitrogen influencing factor; The yield of the rice is calculated based on the harvest index of the rice and the dry matter weight of each day in the first period, and the yield is determined as the yield score of the candidate transplanting date; the variety parameter includes the harvest index.

[0010] Optionally, the calculation process of the nitrogen runoff loss fraction for the candidate transplanting date includes: Determining a second period of the rice based on the candidate transplanting date, the sowing date, the variety parameters, and the meteorological data; wherein the second period is a period starting from the candidate transplanting date and ending at the predicted maturity date of the rice; Poll each day of the second period in chronological order and perform the following steps until the second period is completed: Calculating the paddy field water level on the current day based on the paddy field water level on the previous day, the current day's precipitation, and the paddy field water evaporation; the meteorological data includes the precipitation, and the historical planting data includes the paddy field water evaporation and the paddy field water level on the previous day of the first day in the second period; The amount of nitrogen contained in the rice field on the day before the day, the nitrogen concentration of the irrigation water, the minimum water level, the area of the rice field, the natural decay rate of the nitrogen concentration of the rice field water, the preset water level on the day, the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial fertilization, the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial irrigation, and the water level of the rice field are used to calculate the amount of nitrogen contained in the rice field on the day before the day; the historical planting data includes the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial fertilization, the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial irrigation, and the amount of nitrogen contained in the rice field on the day before the first day of the second period; the variety parameters include the minimum water level, the nitrogen concentration of the irrigation water, the area of the rice field, and the natural decay rate of the nitrogen concentration of the rice field water as preset fixed values; Calculate the height of the water layer that generates runoff on that day based on the height of the drainage outlet of the rice field and the water level of the rice field on that day; the drainage outlet height is a preset fixed value; Calculating the nitrogen runoff loss on that day based on the water level of the rice field on that day, the amount of nitrogen contained in the rice field, and the height of the water layer generating runoff; The total nitrogen runoff loss is calculated based on the nitrogen runoff loss of each day in the second period, and the total nitrogen runoff loss is determined as the nitrogen runoff loss fraction for the candidate transplanting date.

[0011] Optionally, a comprehensive score for each candidate transplanting date is calculated based on the total meteorological risk score, yield score, and nitrogen runoff loss score of all candidate transplanting dates, specifically including: For each candidate transplanting date, the total meteorological risk score, yield score, nitrogen runoff loss score, and the preset weights of the three are substituted into the following formula to obtain the comprehensive score of the candidate transplanting date:

[0012] in, represents the comprehensive score; represents the weight of the total meteorological risk score; The total meteorological risk score for the candidate transplanting date at present; represents the maximum value among all the total meteorological risk scores; represents the weight of the yield score; represents the yield score for the candidate transplanting date currently stated; represents the maximum value among all the yield fractions described; The weight representing the fraction of nitrogen loss through runoff; represents the fraction of nitrogen runoff loss at the current candidate transplanting date; represents the maximum value among all the nitrogen runoff loss fractions; 、 and The sum of is 1.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a device for determining a rice transplanting date, comprising: an acquisition module, configured to acquire meteorological data and basic rice information; the meteorological data including predicted meteorological data within a first time period and historical meteorological data within a second time period, the first time period being a future time period starting from the current date, and the second time period being a historical time period ending from the current date; and the basic rice information including rice sowing date, variety parameters, and historical planting data within the second time period; A first determination module is used to determine a suitable transplanting date range for rice based on the sowing date, the variety parameters and the meteorological data; A first calculation module is configured to calculate a total meteorological risk score, a yield score, and a nitrogen runoff loss score for each candidate transplanting date within the suitable transplanting date range based on the sowing date, the meteorological data, the variety parameters, and the historical planting data; a second calculation module, configured to calculate a comprehensive score for each candidate transplanting date based on the total meteorological risk score, yield score, and nitrogen runoff loss score of all the candidate transplanting dates; The second determining module is configured to determine a recommended transplanting date from among the candidate transplanting dates according to the comprehensive scores of the candidate transplanting dates.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, each step of the method for determining the rice transplanting date as described above is implemented.

[0015] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, a method for determining a rice transplanting date, comprising: obtaining meteorological data and basic rice information; the meteorological data includes predicted meteorological data within a first time period and historical meteorological data within a second time period, the first time period being a future time period with the current date as the starting date, and the second time period being a historical time period with the current date as the ending date, and the basic rice information including the rice sowing date, variety parameters and historical planting data within the second time period; determining a suitable transplanting date range for the rice based on the sowing date, variety parameters and meteorological data; calculating a total meteorological risk score, a yield score and a nitrogen runoff loss score for each candidate transplanting date within the suitable transplanting date range based on the sowing date, meteorological data, variety parameters and historical planting data; calculating a comprehensive score for each candidate transplanting date based on the total meteorological risk score, yield score and nitrogen runoff loss score of all candidate transplanting dates; and determining a recommended transplanting date from each candidate transplanting date based on the comprehensive score of each candidate transplanting date.

[0016] Based on this, due to the comprehensive consideration of the actual state of rice seedlings, meteorological conditions, yield and nitrogen runoff loss, a transplanting period risk assessment mechanism is introduced on this basis, and the most suitable transplanting date is scientifically selected within the range of suitable transplanting dates and its comprehensive score is given. The comprehensive score can reflect the risk level of the corresponding transplanting date, making the mechanism of the present invention more rational and the judgment basis more scientific. It can provide judgment results with strong consistency, high repeatability and high accuracy in different regions and different years, and the scientificity and reliability of transplanting decisions are higher. In addition, the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer utilization is improved, the degree of nitrogen loss is reduced, and the damage to the environment caused by nitrogen loss is avoided to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining a rice transplanting date provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining a rice transplanting date provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining a rice transplanting date provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, this process includes: Step 101: Acquire meteorological data and basic rice information; the meteorological data includes predicted meteorological data within a first time period and historical meteorological data within a second time period, the first time period is a future time period starting from the current date, and the second time period is a historical time period ending from the current date. The basic rice information includes the rice sowing date, variety parameters, and historical planting data within the second time period.

[0021] Specifically, basic rice information is obtained from the rice database, and meteorological data is obtained from the meteorological database. The first time period may be 15 days long, and the second time period may be the past 10 years.

[0022] It should be noted that in the present invention, when meteorological data is needed, if the meteorological data can be obtained from the predicted meteorological data, the currently required meteorological data is obtained from the predicted meteorological data. If it cannot be obtained from the predicted meteorological data, the value of the currently required meteorological data is determined based on the historical meteorological data. A preferred method is to take the average of the meteorological data values of each same day in the historical meteorological data regarding the current date. For example, when the meteorological data of the average air temperature on January 1, 2026 is needed, if the predicted meteorological data contains the average air temperature of that day, the average air temperature of that day in the predicted meteorological data is directly selected and applied to this application. Conversely, if the predicted meteorological data does not contain the average air temperature of January 1, 2026, the average air temperatures of all January 1st are selected from the historical meteorological data, the average value is calculated and applied to this application.

[0023] Step 102: Determine the suitable transplanting date range for rice based on the sowing date, variety parameters and meteorological data.

[0024] Step 103: Calculate the total meteorological risk score, yield score, and nitrogen runoff loss score for each candidate transplanting date within the suitable transplanting date range based on the sowing date, meteorological data, variety parameters, and historical planting data.

[0025] Step 104: Calculate a comprehensive score for each candidate transplanting date based on the total meteorological risk score, yield score, and nitrogen runoff loss score of all candidate transplanting dates.

[0026] Step 105: Determine a recommended transplanting date from among the candidate transplanting dates based on the comprehensive scores of the candidate transplanting dates.

[0027] Specifically, the comprehensive score can reflect the risk level. The higher the comprehensive score, the lower the risk level and the more suitable it is for transplanting. Therefore, the candidate transplanting date with the highest comprehensive score can be selected as the recommended transplanting date for use in the rice transplanting date determination method of this application.

[0028] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, a method for determining a rice transplanting date, comprising: obtaining meteorological data and basic rice information; the meteorological data includes predicted meteorological data within a first time period and historical meteorological data within a second time period, the first time period being a future time period with the current date as the starting date, and the second time period being a historical time period with the current date as the ending date, and the basic rice information including the rice sowing date, variety parameters and historical planting data within the second time period; determining a suitable transplanting date range for the rice based on the sowing date, variety parameters and meteorological data; calculating a total meteorological risk score, a yield score and a nitrogen runoff loss score for each candidate transplanting date within the suitable transplanting date range based on the sowing date, meteorological data, variety parameters and historical planting data; calculating a comprehensive score for each candidate transplanting date based on the total meteorological risk score, yield score and nitrogen runoff loss score of all candidate transplanting dates; and determining a recommended transplanting date from each candidate transplanting date based on the comprehensive score of each candidate transplanting date.

[0029] Based on this, due to the comprehensive consideration of the actual state of rice seedlings, meteorological conditions, yield and nitrogen runoff loss, a transplanting period risk assessment mechanism is introduced on this basis, and the most suitable transplanting date is scientifically selected within the range of suitable transplanting dates and its comprehensive score is given. The comprehensive score can reflect the risk level of the corresponding transplanting date, making the mechanism of the present invention more rational and the judgment basis more scientific. It can provide judgment results with strong consistency, high repeatability and high accuracy in different regions and different years, and the scientificity and reliability of transplanting decisions are higher. In addition, the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer utilization is improved, the degree of nitrogen loss is reduced, and the damage to the environment caused by nitrogen loss is avoided to a certain extent.

[0030] In an embodiment of the present invention, determining the suitable transplanting date range of rice based on the sowing date, variety parameters, and meteorological data may specifically include: (1) Based on the variety parameters, calculate the effective accumulated temperature of the earliest rice seedling age and the effective accumulated temperature of the maximum leaf age suitable for the rice seedling age.

[0031] Specifically, transplanting rice seedlings too early is not conducive to the recovery of seedling growth, resulting in a longer seedling acclimatization period, affecting root growth and tillering initiation. Rice seedlings can be transplanted as early as the three-leaf and one-heart stage. At this time, the effective accumulated temperature of the rice is the effective accumulated temperature of the earliest seedling age, and the calculation formula is as follows: ...... (1) in, The earliest effective accumulated temperature of seedlings, is the leaf thermal distance of rice, in °C / leaf.

[0032] Transplanting rice seedlings too late will reduce the quality of the rice seedlings during the nursery period, which is not conducive to ensuring that the rice will head, bloom and bear fruit in the optimal season. Rice seedlings should be transplanted at the latest when they reach the maximum leaf age for seedling age. At this time, the effective accumulated temperature of the rice is the effective accumulated temperature for the maximum leaf age for seedling age. The formula for calculating the maximum leaf age for seedling age is as follows: ......(2) in, The maximum leaf age suitable for seedling age; is the total number of leaves on the main stem of rice, and its value is related to the rice variety; It is the number of internodes of the main stem of rice, and its value is related to the rice variety.

[0033] Based on this, the maximum leaf-age effective accumulated temperature (i.e. the formation of The calculation formula for the effective accumulated temperature required by each leaf is as follows: ...... (3) in, It is the effective accumulated temperature of the maximum leaf age suitable for seedling age.

[0034] (2) Based on the sowing date, the earliest and latest transplanting dates are calculated according to meteorological data. The earliest transplanting date is the date when the actual total effective accumulated temperature of rice is greater than or equal to the effective accumulated temperature of the earliest seedling age, and the daily average temperature in the third time period is stable above 15°C. The latest transplanting date is the date when the actual total effective accumulated temperature of rice is equal to the effective accumulated temperature of the maximum leaf age.

[0035] Specifically, the calculation formula for the effective accumulated temperature of rice on any day is as follows: ......(4) in, For rice in effective accumulated temperature of the day; For the The average daily air temperature of the day is determined based on meteorological data; is the lower limit temperature for rice development, is the upper temperature limit for rice development. is the optimum temperature for rice development. The three are rice variety parameters, and the unit is ℃.

[0036] The total effective accumulated temperature is from the day of rice sowing to the day of The total effective accumulated temperature is the sum of the effective accumulated temperature of each day. The calculation formula of the total effective accumulated temperature is as follows: ......(5) in, To the The total effective accumulated temperature of the day.

[0037] In addition, the earliest transplanting date takes the influence of temperature into consideration. The minimum temperature for rice rooting is 15°C. Therefore, the earliest transplanting date is the date when the actual total effective accumulated temperature of rice is greater than or equal to the effective accumulated temperature of the earliest seedling age, and the daily average temperature in the third time period is stable above 15°C.

[0038] (3) Determine the date range consisting of the earliest transplanting date and the latest transplanting date as the appropriate transplanting date range.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present invention, the process of calculating the total meteorological risk score of the candidate transplanting date includes: (1) Based on the meteorological data of the seedling acclimation period corresponding to the candidate transplanting date and the low temperature threshold of rice, the total temperature risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated. Based on the meteorological data of the seedling acclimation period and the cumulative rainfall threshold of rice, the total waterlogging risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated. Based on the meteorological data of the seedling acclimation period and the wind damage threshold of rice, the total high wind speed risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated. Variety parameters include low temperature threshold, cumulative rainfall threshold and wind damage threshold.

[0040] Specifically, the 7 days after transplanting is the seedling acclimatization period. If the temperature is too low during the seedling acclimatization period, the metabolism of rice will be slow, affecting the extension and function establishment of the root system. In extreme cases, it may even cause frostbite and necrosis of the seedlings. If there is too much rain during the seedling acclimatization period, the seedlings whose roots have not yet been fixed will float or tilt, which is not conducive to normal greening and subsequent growth. If the wind speed is too high during the seedling acclimatization period, it will be difficult for the seedlings to remain upright, resulting in chaotic arrangement and uneven growth of the seedlings, affecting the later group structure. Therefore, the meteorological risk assessment suitable for the transplanting period includes temperature risk, fatigue risk and high wind speed risk.

[0041] Based on this, the total temperature risk score for the candidate transplanting date is calculated as follows: ...... (6) in, is the total temperature risk score for the current candidate transplanting date, The first day of the seedling hardening period of the current candidate transplanting date The temperature risk score for the day.

[0042] Here, when the lowest temperature of the day is lower than the low temperature threshold of rice, 1 point is recorded for every 2℃ lower. Based on this, The calculation formula is as follows: ...... (7) in, The first day of the seedling hardening period of the current candidate transplanting date The lowest temperature of the day; is the low temperature threshold of rice, in °C.

[0043] The total waterlogging risk score for a candidate transplanting date is calculated as follows: ......(8) in, is the total waterlogging risk score for the current candidate transplanting date, The first day of the seedling hardening period of the current candidate transplanting date The waterlogging risk score for each day.

[0044] Here, when the cumulative rainfall on the day is greater than or equal to the cumulative rainfall threshold of rice, 1 point is scored for every 10mm higher. Based on this, The calculation formula is as follows: ...... (9) in, The first day of the seedling hardening period of the current candidate transplanting date The cumulative rainfall per day, is the cumulative rainfall threshold for rice.

[0045] The total risk score for high wind speeds for a candidate transplanting date is calculated as follows: ...... (10) in, is the total risk score of high wind speed for the current candidate transplanting date, The first day of the seedling hardening period of the current candidate transplanting date The high wind speed risk score for the day.

[0046] Here, when the average wind speed on that day is greater than or equal to the wind damage threshold for rice, 1 point is awarded for every 2 m / s increase. Based on this, The calculation formula is as follows: ......(11) in, The first day of the seedling hardening period of the current candidate transplanting date Average wind speed for the day; is the wind damage threshold of rice, in m / s.

[0047] (2) Calculate the total meteorological risk score for the candidate transplanting date based on the total temperature risk score, the total waterlogging risk score, the total high wind speed risk score and the preset weights of the three.

[0048] Specifically, the calculation formula for the total meteorological risk score is as follows: ...... (12) in, is the total meteorological risk score of the current candidate transplanting date, is the weight of the total temperature risk score, is the weight of the total waterlogging risk score, is the weight of the total risk score for high wind speed.

[0049] In the embodiment of the present invention, since temperature is the basis for rice growth and development, the weight of the total temperature risk score is set to be greater than the weight of either the total waterlogging risk score or the total high wind speed risk score, and the weight of the total waterlogging risk score is equal to the weight of the total high wind speed risk score.

[0050] In a specific example, the weight of the total risk score of temperature is set to 50%, the weight of the total risk score of waterlogging is set to 25%, and the weight of the total risk score of high wind speed is set to 25%.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present invention, the process of calculating the yield score of the candidate transplanting date includes: (1) Determine the first period of rice production based on the sowing date, variety parameters, and meteorological data. The first period starts with the sowing date and ends with the predicted rice maturity date.

[0052] It should be noted that this process can be implemented based on the rice development model of the existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0053] (2) For each day in the first period, the dry matter mass of rice produced on that day was calculated based on the coefficient of conversion of photosynthetically active radiation to dry matter, the extinction coefficient, the leaf area index of the day corresponding to the candidate transplanting date, the photosynthetically active radiation of the day, the temperature influencing factor, the water influencing factor, and the nitrogen influencing factor; the variety parameters included the coefficient of conversion of photosynthetically active radiation to dry matter and the extinction coefficient, the leaf area index was simulated based on the corresponding candidate transplanting date, the meteorological data included photosynthetically active radiation, and the historical planting data included the temperature influencing factor, the water influencing factor, and the nitrogen influencing factor.

[0054] Specifically, the dry matter produced by rice on any day during the first period is calculated as follows: ...... (13) in, The first period of rice The dry matter produced per day, in g / m 2 / sky; The first period of rice Potential dry matter production per day, in g / m 2 / sky; 、 and They are the first The daily temperature factor, water factor, and nitrogen factor all range from 0 to 1 and are calculated from meteorological temperature, soil moisture content, and rice nitrogen absorption, respectively; Indicates taking and The minimum value in .

[0055] here, The calculation formula is as follows: ...... (14) in, is the coefficient of conversion of photosynthetically active radiation into dry matter, in g / MJ; For the first period The photosynthetically active radiation per day is expressed in MJ / m 2 / sky; is the extinction coefficient; For the first period The leaf area index of the day is simulated by the rice growth model. The simulation results of the leaf area index are different at different transplanting periods, which affects the simulation of dry matter quality and leads to differences in yield during different transplanting periods.

[0056] (3) Calculate the rice yield based on the harvest index of rice and the dry matter mass of each day in the first period, and determine the yield as the yield fraction of the candidate transplanting date; variety parameters include the harvest index.

[0057] Specifically, the formula for calculating rice yield is as follows: ...... (15) in, is the yield score for the current candidate transplanting date; is the accumulated dry matter mass of rice in the first period, in kg / mu; is the harvest index of rice.

[0058] here, The calculation formula is as follows: ...... (16) in, Equal to the total number of days in the first period; 666.7 represents the area of one mu of land, in m 2 ; The unit is g.

[0059] In an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation process of the nitrogen runoff loss fraction for a candidate transplanting date may include: (1) Based on the candidate transplanting date, the second period of rice is determined according to the sowing date, variety parameters and meteorological data; the second period is the period starting from the candidate transplanting date and ending at the predicted rice maturity date.

[0060] (2) Poll each day of the second period in chronological order and perform the following steps until the second period is completed: (a) Calculate the paddy water level on the day before the current day based on the paddy water level on the day before the current day, the current day's precipitation, and the paddy water evapotranspiration; the meteorological data include precipitation, and the historical planting data include paddy water evapotranspiration and the paddy water level on the day before the first day of the second period.

[0061] Specifically, the calculation formula for the paddy field water level is as follows: ...... (17) in, For the second period The water level of the rice fields on a given day; For the second period The water level of the rice fields on a given day; For the second period The daily precipitation, in mm; is the evapotranspiration of paddy field water, in mm.

[0062] (b) The amount of nitrogen in the paddy field on the day before the day, the nitrogen concentration of the irrigation water, the minimum water level, the area of the paddy field, the natural decay rate of the nitrogen concentration of the paddy field water, the preset water level on the day, the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial fertilization, the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial irrigation, and the water level on the paddy field, are calculated; the historical planting data include the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial fertilization, the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial irrigation, and the amount of nitrogen in the paddy field on the day before the first day of the second period; the variety parameters include the minimum water level, the nitrogen concentration of the irrigation water, the area of the paddy field, and the natural decay rate of the nitrogen concentration of the paddy field water, which are preset fixed values.

[0063] Specifically, the calculation formula for the amount of nitrogen in rice fields is as follows: ...... (18) in, For the second period The amount of nitrogen contained in the rice field per day, in kg / ha; For the second period The nitrogen concentration in paddy water on the day was obtained according to the nitrogen attenuation fitting formula at different water levels during different fertilization periods, and the unit is mg / L; The preset water level is in mm. The value varies in different rice growth stages. is the rice field area in hectares.

[0064] here, The calculation formula is as follows: ...... (19) in, For the second period The amount of nitrogen introduced by artificial irrigation per day, in kg / hectare; For the second period The amount of nitrogen introduced by artificial fertilization per day, in kg / hectare; It is the natural attenuation rate of nitrogen concentration in paddy field water (the ratio of nitrogen concentration in water to the original nitrogen concentration after 24 hours under the condition that the amount of water on the field surface remains unchanged).

[0065] here, The calculation formula is as follows: ......(20) in, is the nitrogen concentration of irrigation water, in mg / L; The minimum water level is the height. When the water level is lower than the minimum water level, irrigation is used to replenish water to match the set minimum water level.

[0066] (c) Calculate the height of the water layer that generates runoff on that day based on the height of the rice field’s drainage outlet and the water level in the rice field on that day; the height of the drainage outlet is a preset fixed value.

[0067] Specifically, the calculation formula for the runoff water layer height is as follows: ......(twenty one) in, For the second period The height of the water layer that produces runoff per day, in mm; is the drainage outlet height of the rice field, in mm.

[0068] (3) Calculate the nitrogen runoff loss on that day based on the water level in the rice field, the amount of nitrogen contained in the rice field, and the height of the water layer that generates runoff.

[0069] Specifically, the second period The formula for calculating the daily nitrogen runoff loss is as follows: ......(twenty two) in, For the second period The daily nitrogen runoff loss, in kg / hectare.

[0070] (4) Calculate the total nitrogen runoff loss based on the nitrogen runoff loss for each day during the second period, and determine the total nitrogen runoff loss as the nitrogen runoff loss fraction for the candidate transplanting date.

[0071] Specifically, the calculation formula for the total amount of nitrogen runoff loss is as follows: ......(twenty three) in, Equal to the total number of days in the second period.

[0072] In the embodiment of the present invention, a comprehensive score for each candidate transplanting date is calculated based on the total meteorological risk score, yield score, and nitrogen runoff loss score of all candidate transplanting dates. Specifically, the comprehensive score may include: For each candidate transplanting date, the candidate's total meteorological risk score, yield score, nitrogen runoff loss score, and the preset weights of the three are substituted into the following formula to obtain the candidate's comprehensive score: ......(twenty four) in, represents the comprehensive score; represents the weight of the total meteorological risk score; The total meteorological risk score for the candidate transplanting date at present; represents the maximum value among all the total meteorological risk scores; represents the weight of the yield score; represents the yield score for the candidate transplanting date currently stated; represents the maximum value among all the yield fractions described; The weight representing the fraction of nitrogen loss through runoff; represents the fraction of nitrogen runoff loss at the current candidate transplanting date; represents the maximum value among all the nitrogen runoff loss fractions; 、 and The sum of is 1.

[0073] Based on a general inventive concept, the present invention also provides a device for determining a rice transplanting date. Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for determining a rice transplanting date according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the device includes: The acquisition module 21 is used to obtain meteorological data and basic rice information; the meteorological data includes predicted meteorological data within a first time period and historical meteorological data within a second time period, the first time period is a future time period with the current date as the starting date, and the second time period is a historical time period with the current date as the ending date. The basic rice information includes the rice sowing date, variety parameters and historical planting data within the second time period.

[0074] The first determination module 22 is used to determine the suitable transplanting date range of rice based on the sowing date, variety parameters and meteorological data.

[0075] The first calculation module 23 is used to calculate the total meteorological risk score, yield score and nitrogen runoff loss score of each candidate transplanting date within the suitable transplanting date range based on the sowing date, meteorological data, variety parameters and historical planting data.

[0076] The second calculation module 24 is configured to calculate a comprehensive score for each candidate transplanting date based on the total meteorological risk score, yield score, and nitrogen runoff loss score of all candidate transplanting dates.

[0077] The second determining module 25 is configured to determine a recommended transplanting date from among the candidate transplanting dates according to the comprehensive scores of the candidate transplanting dates.

[0078] Optionally, the first determining module 22 may be specifically configured to: (1) Based on the variety parameters, calculate the effective accumulated temperature of the earliest rice seedling age and the effective accumulated temperature of the maximum leaf age suitable for the rice seedling age.

[0079] (2) Based on the sowing date, the earliest and latest transplanting dates are calculated according to meteorological data. The earliest transplanting date is the date when the actual total effective accumulated temperature of rice is greater than or equal to the effective accumulated temperature of the earliest seedling age, and the daily average temperature in the third time period is stable above 15°C. The latest transplanting date is the date when the actual total effective accumulated temperature of rice is equal to the effective accumulated temperature of the maximum leaf age.

[0080] (3) Determine the date range consisting of the earliest transplanting date and the latest transplanting date as the appropriate transplanting date range.

[0081] Optionally, the first calculation module 24 may be configured to calculate the total meteorological risk score of the candidate transplanting date using the following method: (1) Based on the meteorological data of the seedling acclimation period corresponding to the candidate transplanting date and the low temperature threshold of rice, the total temperature risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated. Based on the meteorological data of the seedling acclimation period and the cumulative rainfall threshold of rice, the total waterlogging risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated. Based on the meteorological data of the seedling acclimation period and the wind damage threshold of rice, the total high wind speed risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated. Variety parameters include low temperature threshold, cumulative rainfall threshold and wind damage threshold.

[0082] (2) Calculate the total meteorological risk score for the candidate transplanting date based on the total temperature risk score, the total waterlogging risk score, the total high wind speed risk score and the preset weights of the three.

[0083] Optionally, the weight of the total temperature risk score is greater than the weight of either the total waterlogging risk score or the total high wind speed risk score.

[0084] The weight of the total risk score for waterlogging is equal to the weight of the total risk score for high wind speed.

[0085] Optionally, the first calculation module 24 may be configured to calculate the yield score of the candidate transplanting date using the following method: (1) Determine the first period of rice production based on the sowing date, variety parameters, and meteorological data. The first period starts with the sowing date and ends with the predicted rice maturity date.

[0086] (2) For each day in the first period, the dry matter mass of rice produced on that day was calculated based on the coefficient of conversion of photosynthetically active radiation to dry matter, the extinction coefficient, the leaf area index of the day corresponding to the candidate transplanting date, the photosynthetically active radiation of the day, the temperature influencing factor, the water influencing factor, and the nitrogen influencing factor; the variety parameters included the coefficient of conversion of photosynthetically active radiation to dry matter and the extinction coefficient, the leaf area index was simulated based on the corresponding candidate transplanting date, the meteorological data included photosynthetically active radiation, and the historical planting data included the temperature influencing factor, the water influencing factor, and the nitrogen influencing factor.

[0087] (3) Calculate the rice yield based on the harvest index of rice and the dry matter mass of each day in the first period, and determine the yield as the yield fraction of the candidate transplanting date; variety parameters include the harvest index.

[0088] Optionally, the first calculation module 24 may be configured to calculate the nitrogen runoff loss fraction for the candidate transplanting date using the following method: (1) Based on the candidate transplanting date, the second period of rice is determined according to the sowing date, variety parameters and meteorological data; the second period is the period starting from the candidate transplanting date and ending at the predicted rice maturity date.

[0089] (2) Poll each day of the second period in chronological order and perform the following steps until the second period is completed: (a) Calculate the paddy water level on the current day based on the paddy water level on the previous day, the current day's precipitation, and the paddy water evapotranspiration. Meteorological data includes precipitation, and historical planting data includes paddy water evapotranspiration and the paddy water level on the previous day of the first day of the second period. (b) The amount of nitrogen in the paddy field on the day before the day, the nitrogen concentration of the irrigation water, the minimum water level, the area of the paddy field, the natural decay rate of the nitrogen concentration of the paddy field water, the preset water level on the day, the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial fertilization, the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial irrigation, and the water level on the paddy field, are calculated; the historical planting data include the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial fertilization, the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial irrigation, and the amount of nitrogen in the paddy field on the day before the first day of the second period; the variety parameters include the minimum water level, the nitrogen concentration of the irrigation water, the area of the paddy field, and the natural decay rate of the nitrogen concentration of the paddy field water, which are preset fixed values.

[0090] (c) Calculate the height of the water layer that generates runoff on that day based on the height of the rice field’s drainage outlet and the water level in the rice field on that day; the height of the drainage outlet is a preset fixed value.

[0091] (3) Calculate the nitrogen runoff loss on that day based on the water level in the rice field, the amount of nitrogen contained in the rice field, and the height of the water layer that generates runoff.

[0092] (4) Calculate the total nitrogen runoff loss based on the nitrogen runoff loss for each day during the second period, and determine the total nitrogen runoff loss as the nitrogen runoff loss fraction for the candidate transplanting date.

[0093] Optionally, the second calculation module 24 may be specifically configured to: For each candidate transplanting date, the total meteorological risk score, yield score, nitrogen runoff loss score, and the preset weights of the three are substituted into the following formula to obtain the comprehensive score of the candidate transplanting date:

[0094] in, represents the comprehensive score; represents the weight of the total meteorological risk score; The total meteorological risk score for the candidate transplanting date at present; represents the maximum value among all the total meteorological risk scores; represents the weight of the yield score; represents the yield score for the candidate transplanting date currently stated; represents the maximum value among all the yield fractions described; The weight representing the fraction of nitrogen loss by runoff; represents the fraction of nitrogen runoff loss at the current candidate transplanting date; represents the maximum value among all the nitrogen runoff loss fractions; 、 and The sum of is 1.

[0095] Based on a general inventive concept, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the rice transplanting date determination method described above are implemented.

[0096] It can be understood that the same or similar parts of the above embodiments can be referenced to each other, and the contents not described in detail in some embodiments can refer to the same or similar contents in other embodiments.

[0097] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two.

[0098] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a specific logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present invention includes alternative implementations in which functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention pertain.

[0099] It should be understood that various components of the present invention may be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the aforementioned embodiments, multiple steps or methods may be implemented using software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented using hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or a combination of the following technologies known in the art may be used: a discrete logic circuit having logic gate circuits for implementing logic functions on data signals, an application-specific integrated circuit having suitable combinational logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0100] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the method of the above embodiment can be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

[0101] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into a single processing module, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single module. The aforementioned integrated modules may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules. If the integrated modules are implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0102] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.

[0103] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0104] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining a rice transplanting date, characterized in that: include: Acquiring meteorological data and basic rice information; the meteorological data includes predicted meteorological data within a first time period and historical meteorological data within a second time period, the first time period being a future time period starting from the current date, and the second time period being a historical time period ending from the current date; the basic rice information includes a rice sowing date, variety parameters, and historical planting data within the second time period; determining a suitable transplanting date range for rice based on the sowing date, the variety parameters, and the meteorological data; Calculating a total meteorological risk score, a yield score, and a nitrogen runoff loss score for each candidate transplanting date within the suitable transplanting date range based on the sowing date, the meteorological data, the variety parameters, and the historical planting data; Calculating a comprehensive score for each candidate transplanting date based on the total meteorological risk score, yield score, and nitrogen runoff loss score of all candidate transplanting dates; A recommended transplanting date is determined from among the candidate transplanting dates according to the comprehensive scores of the candidate transplanting dates.

2. The method for determining the rice transplanting date according to claim 1, wherein: Determining a suitable date range for transplanting rice based on the sowing date, the variety parameters, and the meteorological data, specifically including: Calculating the effective accumulated temperature of the earliest seedling age and the effective accumulated temperature of the maximum leaf age suitable for the rice seedling age according to the variety parameters; Based on the sowing date, an earliest transplanting date and a latest transplanting date are calculated according to the meteorological data, the earliest transplanting date being a date when the actual total effective accumulated temperature of the rice is greater than or equal to the effective accumulated temperature of the earliest seedling age, and when the daily average temperature in the third time period is stable above 15° C.; the latest transplanting date being a date when the actual total effective accumulated temperature of the rice is equal to the effective accumulated temperature of the maximum leaf age; Determine a date range consisting of the earliest transplanting date and the latest transplanting date as the suitable transplanting date range.

3. The method for determining the rice transplanting date according to claim 1, wherein: The calculation process of the total meteorological risk score of the candidate transplanting date includes: The total temperature risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated based on the meteorological data of the seedling acclimation period corresponding to the candidate transplanting date and the low temperature threshold of the rice; the total waterlogging risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated based on the meteorological data of the seedling acclimation period and the cumulative rainfall threshold of the rice; the total high wind speed risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated based on the meteorological data of the seedling acclimation period and the wind damage threshold of the rice; the variety parameters include the low temperature threshold, the cumulative rainfall threshold and the wind damage threshold; The total meteorological risk score of the candidate transplanting date is calculated based on the total temperature risk score, the total waterlogging risk score, the total high wind speed risk score and the preset weights of the three.

4. The method for determining the rice transplanting date according to claim 3, wherein: The weight of the total temperature risk score is greater than the weight of any one of the total waterlogging risk score and the total high wind speed risk score; The weight of the total risk score of waterlogging is equal to the weight of the total risk score of high wind speed.

5. The method for determining the rice transplanting date according to claim 1, wherein: The calculation process of the yield score of the candidate transplanting date includes: determining a first period of the rice according to the sowing date, the variety parameters, and the meteorological data; the first period being a period starting from the sowing date and ending at the predicted maturity date of the rice; For each day in the first period, the dry matter mass of the rice produced on that day is calculated based on the coefficient of conversion of photosynthetically active radiation to dry matter, the extinction coefficient, the leaf area index of the day corresponding to the candidate transplanting date, the photosynthetically active radiation of the day, the temperature influencing factor, the water influencing factor, and the nitrogen influencing factor; the variety parameters include the coefficient of conversion of photosynthetically active radiation to dry matter and the extinction coefficient, the leaf area index is simulated based on the corresponding candidate transplanting date, the meteorological data includes the photosynthetically active radiation, and the historical planting data includes the temperature influencing factor, the water influencing factor, and the nitrogen influencing factor; The yield of the rice is calculated based on the harvest index of the rice and the dry matter weight of each day in the first period, and the yield is determined as the yield score of the candidate transplanting date; the variety parameter includes the harvest index.

6. The method for determining the rice transplanting date according to claim 1, wherein: The calculation process for the nitrogen runoff loss fraction for the candidate transplanting date includes: Determining a second period of the rice based on the candidate transplanting date, the sowing date, the variety parameters, and the meteorological data; wherein the second period is a period starting from the candidate transplanting date and ending at the predicted maturity date of the rice; Poll each day of the second period in chronological order and perform the following steps until the second period is completed: Calculating the paddy field water level on the current day based on the paddy field water level on the previous day, the current day's precipitation, and the paddy field water evaporation; the meteorological data includes the precipitation, and the historical planting data includes the paddy field water evaporation and the paddy field water level on the previous day of the first day in the second period; The amount of nitrogen contained in the rice field on the day before the day, the nitrogen concentration of the irrigation water, the minimum water level, the area of the rice field, the natural decay rate of the nitrogen concentration of the rice field water, the preset water level on the day, the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial fertilization, the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial irrigation, and the water level of the rice field are used to calculate the amount of nitrogen contained in the rice field on the day before the day; the historical planting data includes the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial fertilization, the amount of nitrogen introduced due to artificial irrigation, and the amount of nitrogen contained in the rice field on the day before the first day of the second period; the variety parameters include the minimum water level, the nitrogen concentration of the irrigation water, the area of the rice field, and the natural decay rate of the nitrogen concentration of the rice field water as preset fixed values; Calculate the height of the water layer that generates runoff on that day based on the height of the drainage outlet of the rice field and the water level of the rice field on that day; the drainage outlet height is a preset fixed value; Calculating the nitrogen runoff loss on that day based on the water level of the rice field on that day, the amount of nitrogen contained in the rice field, and the height of the water layer generating runoff; The total nitrogen runoff loss is calculated based on the nitrogen runoff loss of each day in the second period, and the total nitrogen runoff loss is determined as the nitrogen runoff loss fraction for the candidate transplanting date.

7. The method for determining the rice transplanting date according to claim 1, wherein: Based on the total meteorological risk score, yield score, and nitrogen runoff loss score of all candidate transplanting dates, a comprehensive score is calculated for each candidate transplanting date, specifically including: For each candidate transplanting date, the total meteorological risk score, yield score, nitrogen runoff loss score, and the preset weights of the three are substituted into the following formula to obtain the comprehensive score of the candidate transplanting date: in, represents the comprehensive score; represents the weight of the total meteorological risk score; The total meteorological risk score for the candidate transplanting date at present; represents the maximum value among all the total meteorological risk scores; represents the weight of the yield score; represents the yield score for the candidate transplanting date currently stated; represents the maximum value among all the yield fractions described; The weight representing the fraction of nitrogen loss through runoff; represents the fraction of nitrogen runoff loss at the current candidate transplanting date; represents the maximum value among all the nitrogen runoff loss fractions; 、 and The sum of is 1.

8. A device for determining rice transplanting date, characterized in that: include: an acquisition module, configured to acquire meteorological data and basic rice information; the meteorological data including predicted meteorological data within a first time period and historical meteorological data within a second time period, the first time period being a future time period starting from the current date, and the second time period being a historical time period ending from the current date; and the basic rice information including rice sowing date, variety parameters, and historical planting data within the second time period; A first determination module is used to determine a suitable transplanting date range for rice based on the sowing date, the variety parameters and the meteorological data; A first calculation module is configured to calculate a total meteorological risk score, a yield score, and a nitrogen runoff loss score for each candidate transplanting date within the suitable transplanting date range based on the sowing date, the meteorological data, the variety parameters, and the historical planting data; a second calculation module, configured to calculate a comprehensive score for each candidate transplanting date based on the total meteorological risk score, yield score, and nitrogen runoff loss score of all the candidate transplanting dates; The second determining module is configured to determine a recommended transplanting date from among the candidate transplanting dates according to the comprehensive scores of the candidate transplanting dates.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, each step of the method for determining the rice transplanting date according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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