Automatic inspection system for metering device based on intelligent identification and self-topology

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of electric energy metering device inspection, and particularly relates to an automatic inspection system for a metering device based on intelligent identification and self-topology. Wherein the automatic inspection system comprises a high-precision automatic positioning module, a meter box information self-identification module and a self-topology module; wherein the high-precision automatic positioning module is used for realizing high-precision automatic positioning of the metering device; the meter box information self-identification module is used for establishing a metering device unique product identification code with uniform identification, establishing a standardized file and realizing full-life-cycle management of the metering device; and the self-topology module is used for realizing automatic identification and maintenance of the topological relation of the metering box. According to the invention, multiple functions such as online reliable management of the metering device, self-positioning of the metering device, self-maintenance of a topological relation, self-recognition of meter box information, automatic updating of archives, intelligent analysis and diagnosis of the state of a transformer area, and integrated fusion of accurate positioning and active repair of faults can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of inspection of electric energy metering devices, and in particular relates to an automatic inspection system for metering devices based on intelligent identification and self-topology. Background Art

[0002] Electricity metering devices are the "balance" for electricity trade settlements and represent a significant and crucial asset for State Grid Corporation. Enabling rapid and accurate statistics on these devices, correctly entering information into the system, and automatically establishing topological relationships has long been a challenge for the company. For example, while low-voltage meter boxes are now incorporated into the company's asset management, their replacement, installation, and retirement processes are not streamlined. Meter-box relationships require manual maintenance, which is labor-intensive and prone to errors. This makes it difficult to quickly and accurately collect basic information, dynamically establish topological relationships, or obtain real-time device location information. Furthermore, with the increasing application of distribution services, the requirements for the integrity and accuracy of distribution data are increasing. Therefore, there is an urgent need to strengthen basic data analysis and conduct targeted data verification, rectification, and other governance efforts to improve the accuracy of basic information. However, currently, meter box information and topological relationships are manually entered and maintained, resulting in massive amounts of data, and this manual entry method significantly impacts data accuracy and integrity.

[0003] Taking Nanyang Company as an example, the State Grid Nanyang Power Supply Company currently has a large number of metering boxes in its jurisdiction, extensive management, and low level of intelligence. The relationship between substation archives is chaotic, the topology relationship is incomplete, the emergency repair service is passive, the metering device has difficulty in self-positioning, data governance is chaotic, and the means of preventing electricity theft are backward. These outstanding problems continue to exist, and traditional technologies and management methods are still difficult to completely solve. Traditional perception layer equipment and application layer software are relatively independent, and no integrated software and hardware design has been carried out, which increases the cost of software and hardware integration and debugging, increases the difficulty of business application implementation, and cannot meet the requirements of the ubiquitous power Internet of Things construction. At present, there are about 1.2 million sets of low-voltage metering boxes and supporting switches and about 4.65 million low-voltage user electricity meters in the company's jurisdiction. The electricity metering devices are numerous, chaotic, and scattered. When the metering device is archived, there are multiple uses of one signature, mismatched images and objects, and mismatched positions between the meter box and the meter, which have a great impact on the archive management of the metering device and the establishment of substation topology relationships. Existing Electric power IoT sensing meter boxes come in a variety of specifications, but generally only have basic functions and lack sensing layer devices and application layer software. For example, topological relationships cannot be automatically updated, and metering devices cannot self-locate. However, with the continuous development of technology, only basic functions can no longer meet the needs of modern society. For example, with the continuous update of theft methods, the electricity meters in ordinary meter boxes are easily stolen. Existing metering devices lack sensing capabilities, edge prediction and warning capabilities, remote reminder and notification capabilities, meter box environment and location information perception and monitoring capabilities, topological relationships cannot be automatically identified and updated, and intelligent management functions such as fault determination, information collection, reliable communication, human-computer interaction, and automatic patrol are not comprehensive. Based on this, how to provide a multifunctional automatic patrol system for electric power intelligent sensing metering devices that meets the needs of modern society has become a crucial issue. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes an automatic patrol system for metering devices based on intelligent identification and self-topology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: An automatic patrol system for metering devices based on intelligent identification and self-topology, the automatic patrol system comprising a high-precision automatic positioning module, a meter box information self-identification module and a self-topology module; wherein the high-precision automatic positioning module is used to achieve high-precision automatic positioning of the metering device; the meter box information self-identification module is used to establish a unique product identification code for the metering device with a unified identifier, establish a standardized file, and achieve full life cycle management of the metering device; the self-topology module is used to achieve automatic identification and maintenance of the topological relationship of the meter boxes.

[0006] Furthermore, the high-precision automatic positioning module includes a multi-mode and multi-frequency satellite receiver, a differential signal processing unit, a positioning solution engine and a data security module; the multi-mode and multi-frequency satellite receiver is embedded in the top of the metering device and is used to synchronously receive dual-frequency signals of the Beidou, GPS and Galileo systems; the differential signal processing unit is arranged in the HPLC communication concentrator on the distribution transformer side, integrates RTK and PPP algorithms, and accesses the differential data of the ground-based augmentation system through the cellular network, thereby improving the original satellite positioning accuracy from the meter level to the centimeter level; the positioning solution engine solves the coordinates based on the carrier phase double difference model and uses Kalman filtering to dynamically correct the positioning error; the data security module encrypts the positioning data and uploads it to the cloud platform to support automatic trajectory correction.

[0007] Furthermore, the multi-mode and multi-frequency satellite receiver supports BDS B1I+B2a, GPS L1+L5, and Galileo E1+E5a frequency bands, and has an internal integrated anti-multipath interference circuit; the differential signal processing unit preferentially uses the Beidou CORS station differential source in RTK mode, and integrates ephemeris and clock correction positioning data in PPP mode; the positioning solution engine eliminates positioning points with offsets greater than a threshold by comparing the topological map with historical trajectories.

[0008] Furthermore, the meter box information self-identification module includes: RFID electronic tags deployed in electricity meters and metering devices store unique identification codes and device parameters; Multi-antenna radio frequency reader / writer, batch reading of tag data through anti-collision algorithm, identification distance ≥ 5 meters; The edge computing gateway is installed on the HPLC communication concentrator of the intelligent fusion terminal in the substation area. It is used to verify the topological relationship between the meter and the box label and upload it to the management platform via the wireless network. The linkage verification module is installed on the control mainboard of the metering device, automatically detects meter box matching anomalies and generates an alarm log.

[0009] Furthermore, the RFID tag is encapsulated with anti-metal materials, has an operating frequency band of 860~960MHz, and supports a wide temperature range of -25℃~85℃; the reader / writer integrates a beamforming antenna array, and the scanning angle is programmable and adjustable to adapt to different installation scenarios; the linkage verification module identifies incorrect installation, missing installation, and illegal replacement by comparing the meter EPC code with the box binding relationship library.

[0010] Furthermore, the self-topology module includes: The master terminal concentrator is deployed on the transformer side and integrates a multi-CCO collaborative algorithm to dynamically allocate STA communication resources; The intelligent branch box connects to the lower-level meter group via HPLC power line carrier and supports IPv6 protocol transparent transmission; The meter box STA terminal has a built-in RSSI ranging module and RFID reader to achieve automatic binding between the meter box and the meter box; The topology engine builds a four-level topology diagram of "transformer-branch-box-meter" in real time based on carrier signal strength and delay difference; The secure communication unit uses the SM9 algorithm to encrypt topology data and transmits it back to the main station system via a 5G / fiber dual channel.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-CCO collaborative algorithm adopts a load balancing strategy. When the load of a CCO exceeds a threshold, the STA is automatically switched to a neighboring CCO. The RSSI ranging module eliminates power line noise interference through Kalman filtering, and the positioning accuracy is improved to ±0.3 meters. The RFID reader and the meter box electronic tag are bidirectionally authenticated, and an alarm mark on the topology map is triggered in the event of illegal replacement.

[0012] Currently, traditional meter boxes are predominantly used in low-voltage substations within the company's jurisdiction. These devices are numerous, disorganized, and scattered. First, these traditional meter boxes lack intelligence. Second, events cannot be reported promptly, requiring manual inspections for operational status, resulting in a lack of timely detection and resolution of metering device anomalies. Third, critical information, such as power information at each node within the meter box and interconnection points with the external substation grid, cannot be monitored. Fourth, intelligent management of the distribution network lacks the support of monitoring and analysis data from key meter box nodes, making implementation of distribution network management difficult and inefficient. In practice, traditional metering devices are unable to provide real-time monitoring, analysis, and early warning of data within the meter box. They also lack the ability to automatically identify and update topology data, and their location cannot be self-localized. Manual inspections and limited monitoring data are required, making the identification and location of hidden points extremely difficult. Furthermore, documenting and locating on-site metering devices in older substations is difficult, and automatic identification and real-time updating of substation topology relationships are impossible. These issues significantly hinder operations, maintenance, emergency repairs, and the documentation of metering devices, creating a series of challenges for proactive emergency repair location tracking, power supply optimization, and other high-quality services.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: To address the various challenges in distribution network management described above, we are leveraging key technologies such as RTK (Carrier Phase Differential Kinematics), Precise Point Positioning (PPP), A-BDS (Assisted BeiDou Rapid Positioning), the BeiDou Ground-Based Augmentation System (BDS), RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) for contactless long-range automatic identification, IP-based HPLC for massive distribution substations, multi-CCO coordination, and multi-STA uplink concurrent conflict mitigation to develop metering devices and automated patrol systems with intelligent identification and self-topology technologies. These systems integrate multiple functions, including online reliable management of metering devices, self-positioning of metering devices, self-maintenance of topological relationships, self-identification of meter box information, automatic file updates, intelligent analysis and diagnosis of substation status, precise fault location, and proactive repair. This comprehensive and systematic approach will enhance lean management in low-voltage substations, significantly improving economic benefits in four key areas: energy conservation and consumption reduction, extending meter lifespan, reducing equipment investment, and reducing operation and maintenance workload. Its widespread application will significantly reduce the workload of substation management and maintenance personnel, effectively improve work efficiency and data accuracy, and significantly elevate lean management efforts in substations to new heights. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall framework of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0016] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms ''center'', ''up'', ''down'', ''front'', ''back'', ''left'', ''right'', ''vertical'', ''horizontal'', ''top'', ''bottom'', ''inside'', ''outside'', etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0017] In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described in the embodiments of the present application as "exemplary" or "for example" should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a concrete way.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, the automatic patrol device comprises a platform layer and a perception layer that communicates with the platform layer via a network layer. The platform layer includes a front-end processor, a server, a database, and an operating platform. The perception layer comprises an intelligent master terminal and an intelligent metering device located within the low-voltage substation. The intelligent master terminal is located within the distribution room and is connected to multiple branch boxes via HPLC communication. Each branch box is equipped with multiple meter boxes. The automatic patrol system to be protected in this application is distributed within the automatic patrol device.

[0019] Example like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment discloses an automatic inspection system for metering devices based on intelligent identification and self-topology. The automatic inspection system includes a high-precision automatic positioning module, a meter box information self-identification module, and a self-topology module. The high-precision automatic positioning module is used to achieve high-precision automatic positioning of metering devices; the meter box information self-identification module is used to establish a unified unique product identification code for metering devices, create standardized files, and achieve full lifecycle management of metering devices; and the self-topology module is used to automatically identify and maintain meter box topology relationships.

[0020] The high-precision automatic positioning module includes a multi-mode and multi-frequency satellite receiver, a differential signal processing unit, a positioning solution engine, and a data security module. The multi-mode and multi-frequency satellite receiver is embedded in the top of the metering device and is used to synchronously receive dual-frequency signals from the Beidou, GPS, and Galileo systems. The differential signal processing unit is installed in the HPLC communication concentrator on the distribution transformer side, integrating RTK and PPP algorithms, and accessing the ground-based augmentation system differential data through the cellular network, thereby improving the original satellite positioning accuracy from the meter level to the centimeter level. The positioning solution engine solves coordinates based on the carrier phase double-difference model and uses Kalman filtering to dynamically correct positioning errors. The data security module encrypts the positioning data and uploads it to the cloud platform, supporting automatic trajectory correction. The cloud platform mentioned above is the integrated State Grid cloud platform. After the data security module uploads the positioning data to the integrated State Grid cloud platform, the positioning data is displayed on the cloud platform.

[0021] The multi-mode, multi-frequency satellite receiver supports BDS B1I+B2a, GPS L1+L5, and Galileo E1+E5a frequency bands, and has an integrated anti-multipath interference circuit. The differential signal processing unit preferentially uses the Beidou CORS station differential source in RTK mode, and fuses ephemeris and clock correction positioning data in PPP mode. The positioning solution engine eliminates positioning points with offsets greater than a threshold by comparing topological maps with historical trajectories.

[0022] It's important to note that in the aforementioned connection, the multi-mode, multi-frequency satellite receiver is embedded in the top of the metering device via an IP67-rated metal clip. The antenna axis should be perpendicular to the device's mounting plane ≤3° to prevent signal obstruction. The receiver has a built-in RS-485 or SPI interface for direct connection to the metering device's mainboard. Power is shared with the metering device using a 12V DC power supply, and a TVS diode is included for surge protection. The differential processing unit is integrated into the HPLC concentrator PCB as a pluggable module. It interacts with the HPLC baseband chip via a high-speed serial bus (such as LVDS), sharing the cellular network communication link. The differential signal processing unit and the HPLC concentrator collaborate to support parallel access to dual Beidou CORS station differential sources. If the primary differential source signal is lost, it automatically switches to the backup source, with a switching delay of <100ms.

[0023] The process of high-precision positioning of the metering device using the high-precision automatic positioning module includes: The first step is positioning preparation; After the equipment is initialized and the metering device is powered on, the multi-mode and multi-frequency satellite receiver on the top automatically scans the B1I / B2a (Beidou), L1 / L5 (GPS), and E1 / E5a (Galileo) frequency bands, and locks onto more than six satellites within 10 seconds. The differential signal processing unit is connected to the network, and the HPLC concentrator on the distribution transformer side is connected to the State Grid CORS station network through the 5G power slicing private network to download the latest ionospheric grid correction data.

[0024] The multi-mode, multi-frequency satellite receiver uses an adaptive anti-interference algorithm to optimize signal weighting for the metal reflection environment of the substation. It also uses historical ephemeris to predict satellite positions, reducing the cold start time from 45 seconds to 8 seconds.

[0025] The second step is real-time positioning Information collection, multi-mode and multi-frequency satellite receiver, synchronously receives Beidou B1I / B2a, GPS L1 / L5, Galileo E1 / E5a dual-frequency signals, and suppresses ionospheric delay and reflection interference through anti-multipath interference circuit; Differential correction: In RTK mode, the differential signal processing unit accesses the Beidou CORS station (in this embodiment, the State Grid Ground-Based Augmentation Network) via 5G / NB-IoT to obtain real-time carrier phase differential data, eliminating common errors caused by tropospheric / ionospheric delays. In PPP mode, the differential signal processing unit downloads precise ephemeris and clock files, improving the positioning accuracy of the metering device through satellite orbit / clock correction.

[0026] Positioning: The positioning engine uses a double-difference model to construct double-difference equations based on multi-system observations from BDS / GPS / Galileo systems. It then calculates the three-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the metering device with an accuracy of ±1 cm (static). This is then optimized using a Kalman filter and integrated with data from inertial sensors (such as the MPU-6050) to dynamically correct for jump errors caused by satellite signal obstruction. Finally, topological map correction is performed to match the calculated coordinates with the power grid GIS map, eliminating outliers with offsets greater than 0.5 m, such as gross errors caused by tree obstruction.

[0027] After the positioning information analysis is completed, the data security module uses the SM4 national encryption algorithm to encrypt the positioning data and upload it to the cloud via the HTTPS protocol, namely the integrated State Grid cloud platform.

[0028] The meter box information self-identification module includes: RFID electronic tags deployed in electricity meters and metering devices store unique identification codes and device parameters; Multi-antenna RF reader / writer, batch reading of tag data through anti-collision algorithm, with recognition distance ≥ 5 meters; The edge computing gateway is installed on the HPLC communication concentrator of the intelligent fusion terminal in the substation area. It is used to verify the topological relationship between the meter and the box label and upload it to the management platform via the wireless network. The linkage verification module is installed on the control mainboard of the metering device, automatically detects meter box matching anomalies and generates an alarm log.

[0029] The RFID tag is encapsulated with metal-resistant materials, has an operating frequency band of 860~960MHz, and supports a wide operating temperature range of -25℃~85℃; the reader / writer integrates a beamforming antenna array, and the scanning angle is programmable and adjustable to adapt to different installation scenarios; the linkage verification module identifies incorrect installation, missing installation, and illegal replacement by comparing the meter EPC code with the box binding relationship library.

[0030] The RFID tag uses a ceramic substrate anti-metal tag, adhered to the inside of the meter back cover with epoxy resin glue. The distance between the tag antenna and the metal surface is ≥5mm to avoid RF performance attenuation. The reader is deployed in the center of the top of the meter box, and the four-unit beamforming antenna is arranged in a cross shape. The horizontal scanning angle can be programmed from 30° to 120°. The gateway is plugged into the HPLC concentrator motherboard through the Mini PCIe interface, sharing its 4G module to upload data, and is independently powered (12V / 1A) to ensure local storage when the network is disconnected.

[0031] The process of establishing a unique product identification code for the metering device with unified identification by using the meter box information self-identification module, establishing standardized files, and realizing the full life cycle management of the metering device includes: The first step is to build a system for generating unique product identification codes; The RFID electronic tag is embedded in the meter PCB board of the metering device, which is temperature-resistant from -40°C to 125°C and stores parameters such as the UID and rated voltage / accuracy level. The QR code nameplate is laser-engraved on the meter box shell with an anti-corrosion coating and can be read for 10 years. Construct a coding rule, including: country code (CN) + manufacturer code (3 digits) + production batch (6 digits) + serial number (9 digits). For example, the code of the 358172th meter produced on March 1, 2025 is CN-SAC-250301-000358172. At the device level, a single electricity meter can use RFID+QR code dual tag redundancy to identify and bind; at the box level, the entire meter box can use ultra-high frequency RFID to identify and bind; at the topology level, the relationship between the electricity meter and the transformer can be identified and bound by using the edge gateway to automatically verify the MAC address and GIS coordinates.

[0032] The second step is to build a standardized archive; Before the meter leaves the factory, the UID, production date, and metering accuracy are written to the RFID tag in batches through the OBD interface. The manufacturer's MES system automatically synchronizes data to the State Grid Asset Cloud Platform to generate a digital birth certificate. Installers use a PDA to read the meter's UID. A multi-antenna reader scans the meter box's RFID tag (with an anti-collision algorithm capable of reading 200 tags per second). The edge gateway verifies the relationship between the meter and the box's UID, triggering an audible and visual alarm if an anomaly occurs. Coordinate association, combined with a high-precision positioning module (±1 cm), automatically records the meter's longitude and latitude and aligns them with the distribution area topology.

[0033] Operating parameters can be automatically read through the HPLC communication concentrator to obtain energy efficiency analysis of the meter; environmental data can be obtained through temperature and humidity sensors + RFID temperature tags to provide early warning of insulation aging.

[0034] The self-topology module includes: a main terminal concentrator, deployed on the transformer side, integrating a multi-CCO collaborative algorithm to dynamically allocate STA communication resources; an intelligent branch box, which connects to the downstream meter group via HPLC power line carrier and supports IPv6 protocol transparent transmission; a meter box STA terminal with a built-in RSSI ranging module and RFID reader / writer to achieve automatic binding between meter boxes; a topology engine, which constructs a four-level topology diagram of "transformer-branch-box-meter" in real time based on carrier signal strength and delay difference; and a secure communication unit, which uses the SM9 algorithm to encrypt topology data and transmits it back to the main station system via a 5G / fiber dual channel. The multi-CCO collaborative algorithm adopts a load balancing strategy. When the load of a CCO exceeds the threshold, the STA is automatically switched to a neighboring CCO. The RSSI ranging module eliminates power line noise interference through Kalman filtering, improving positioning accuracy to ±0.3 meters. The RFID reader and the meter box electronic tag perform two-way authentication, triggering a topology map alarm mark in the event of illegal replacement.

[0035] The 5G module and fiber optic module are connected via a hot-standby redundant switching circuit, prioritizing the fiber optic channel and automatically switching when the 5G signal strength is <-90dBm. The IPv6 transparent transmission protocol stack utilizes 6LoWPAN compression technology, encapsulating IPv6 packets at the HPLC physical layer (frequency band 2-12MHz), with an MTU of 1280 bytes. The branch box draws power from the power line and also provides a 48V DC / 1A backup power supply for downstream STA terminals. The RSSI ranging module and RFID reader / writer share the SPI bus, prioritizing the weighted least squares method for positioning data fusion. In this embodiment, a current sensor can also be integrated on the control board. If the meter current is >0 but the RFID reader is unresponsive, a physical bypass attack is detected.

[0036] The process of automatically identifying and maintaining the topological relationship of the metering device using the self-topology module includes: This application uses a four-layer topology. The transformer is CCO-level, and the main terminal concentrator dynamically allocates STA resources through a multi-CCO collaborative algorithm. When the current period reaches peak power load, three CCOs are automatically enabled in parallel. The branch box is STA-level. HPLC carrier signal strength (RSSI) is combined with time delay difference (TDOA) to establish the spatial relationship between the branch box and the meter (±0.3m accuracy). IPv6 protocol transparent transmission ensures address uniqueness. The meter box STA terminal and RFID electronic tag are bidirectionally authenticated (SM4 national encryption). Illegal replacement triggers a red topology alarm (if an unauthorized UID change is detected).

[0037] When adding a new meter or metering device, RSSI ranging and RFID dual-factor authentication are implemented. First, RSSI positioning is performed. The STA terminal measures distance using the power line carrier signal strength (-30dBm to -90dBm), combining it with a Kalman filter to eliminate power frequency noise. RFID binding then reads the meter's embedded tag, such as the Impinj Monza R6 chip, to associate the user identifier (UID) with the physical location. If a duplicate UID (such as CN-BJ-250401-005217) is detected at the same location, infrared imaging verification is automatically triggered to prevent tag duplication attacks. Furthermore, topology updates are performed by assigning a unique IPv6 address (such as 2001:da8:215:8d01::3a7b) using the HPLC carrier. This ensures that the new device is recognized by the topology engine within 30 seconds and marked as a green new node.

[0038] Monitoring electricity theft displacement is achieved through centimeter-level positioning and topology verification. This application integrates the BeiDou-3 B2a band and the GPS L5 band, achieving ±1cm static positioning through a carrier phase double-difference model. When the meter's coordinate offset exceeds 0.5m, RFID authentication fails, activating an audible and visual alarm, which can be a buzzer and flashing red LED. A suspected electricity theft work order is generated, automatically freezing the meter's communication port. Displacement data is then uploaded to State Grid's Spark Chain in real time, including a timestamp (e.g., 2025-04-01 10:52:33) and a BeiDou signature, allowing for direct access during judicial evidence collection.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0040] For ease of explanation, the above description has been presented in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, the above exemplary discussion is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the specific forms disclosed above. Based on the above teachings, various modifications and variations are possible. The above embodiments have been selected and described to better explain the principles and practical applications, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better utilize the embodiments and various different variations of the embodiments suitable for specific use considerations.

Claims

1. An automatic inspection system for metering devices based on intelligent identification and self-topology, characterized in that: The automatic patrol system includes a high-precision automatic positioning module, a meter box information self-identification module and a self-topology module; wherein, the high-precision automatic positioning module is used to realize high-precision automatic positioning of the metering device; the meter box information self-identification module is used to establish a unique product identification code for the metering device with a unified identification, establish a standardized file, and realize the full life cycle management of the metering device; the self-topology module is used to realize automatic identification and maintenance of the topological relationship of the meter box.

2. The automatic inspection system for metering devices based on intelligent identification and self-topology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high-precision automatic positioning module includes a multi-mode, multi-frequency satellite receiver, a differential signal processing unit, a positioning solution engine, and a data security module. The multi-mode, multi-frequency satellite receiver is embedded in the top of the metering device and is used to synchronously receive dual-frequency signals from the Beidou, GPS, and Galileo systems. The differential signal processing unit is arranged in the HPLC communication concentrator on the distribution transformer side, integrates RTK and PPP algorithms, and accesses the differential data of the ground-based augmentation system through the cellular network, thereby improving the original satellite positioning accuracy from the meter level to the centimeter level. The positioning solution engine calculates coordinates based on the carrier phase double-difference model and uses Kalman filtering to dynamically correct positioning errors. The data security module encrypts the positioning data and uploads it to the cloud platform to support automatic trajectory correction.

3. The automatic inspection system for metering devices based on intelligent identification and self-topology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The multi-mode, multi-frequency satellite receiver supports BDS B1I+B2a, GPS L1+L5, and Galileo E1+E5a frequency bands, and has an integrated anti-multipath interference circuit. The differential signal processing unit preferentially uses the Beidou CORS station differential source in RTK mode, and fuses ephemeris and clock correction positioning data in PPP mode. The positioning solution engine eliminates positioning points with offsets greater than a threshold by comparing topological maps with historical trajectories.

4. The automatic inspection system for metering devices based on intelligent identification and self-topology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The meter box information self-identification module includes: RFID electronic tags deployed in electricity meters and metering devices store unique identification codes and device parameters; Multi-antenna radio frequency reader / writer, batch reading of tag data through anti-collision algorithm, identification distance ≥ 5 meters; The edge computing gateway is installed on the HPLC communication concentrator of the intelligent fusion terminal in the substation area. It is used to verify the topological relationship between the meter and the box label and upload it to the management platform via the wireless network. The linkage verification module is installed on the control mainboard of the metering device, automatically detects meter box matching anomalies and generates an alarm log.

5. The automatic inspection system for metering devices based on intelligent identification and self-topology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The RFID tag is encapsulated with metal-resistant materials, has an operating frequency band of 860~960MHz, and supports a wide operating temperature range of -25℃~85℃; the reader / writer integrates a beamforming antenna array, and the scanning angle is programmable and adjustable to adapt to different installation scenarios; the linkage verification module identifies incorrect installation, missing installation, and illegal replacement by comparing the meter EPC code with the box binding relationship library.

6. The automatic inspection system for metering devices based on intelligent identification and self-topology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The self-topology module includes: The master terminal concentrator is deployed on the transformer side and integrates a multi-CCO collaborative algorithm to dynamically allocate STA communication resources; The intelligent branch box connects to the lower-level meter group via HPLC power line carrier and supports IPv6 protocol transparent transmission; The meter box STA terminal has a built-in RSSI ranging module and RFID reader to achieve automatic binding between the meter box and the meter box; The topology engine builds a four-level topology diagram of "transformer-branch-box-meter" in real time based on carrier signal strength and delay difference; The secure communication unit uses the SM9 algorithm to encrypt topology data and transmits it back to the main station system via a 5G / fiber dual channel.

7. The automatic inspection system for metering devices based on intelligent identification and self-topology according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The multi-CCO collaborative algorithm adopts a load balancing strategy. When the load of a CCO exceeds a threshold, the STA is automatically switched to a neighboring CCO. The RSSI ranging module eliminates power line noise interference through Kalman filtering, improving positioning accuracy to ±0.3 meters. The RFID reader and the meter box electronic tag perform two-way authentication, triggering a topology map alarm mark in the event of illegal replacement.

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