Waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separating device

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separating device which comprises a supporting stand column and a supporting plate fixedly arranged at the top of the supporting stand column, a crushing mechanism is vertically and fixedly arranged on the top face of the supporting plate, and a driving motor is fixedly installed on the bottom face of the supporting plate. The output shaft end of the driving motor is in transmission connection with the power input end of the crushing mechanism; the outer side of the crushing mechanism is movably sleeved with a screen drum, the cross section of the side wall of the screen drum is in the shape of a vortex line, a vortex spiral screen is arranged between the inner walls of the screen drum, an obliquely-arranged discharging channel is arranged in the side wall of the screen drum in a penetrating mode, and a bottom outlet of the discharging channel is located above the bottom end of the outermost side of the screen; a scraping plate is arranged on one side of the upper portion of the screen drum, and the bottom end of the scraping plate is in sliding contact with the top face of the screen. The crushing and screening processes can be carried out in the same equipment at the same time, after screening, large-particle materials can be automatically fed into the crushing mechanism to be circularly crushed, only small-particle-size materials within the preset screening particle size range are obtained, and efficient crushing and separation are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic panel recycling, and in particular relates to a device for crushing and separating waste solar photovoltaic panels. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the recycling technologies for used photovoltaic panels mainly include physical recovery, chemical recovery, and physical-chemical combined methods. Physical recovery methods mainly include crushing and separation, thermal separation, and blood recovery methods mainly include acid leaching and alkaline leaching.

[0003] The crushing and separation method involves mechanically crushing used photovoltaic panels into smaller particles. The different components are then separated using physical methods such as screening, magnetic separation, and electrostatic separation. The heat treatment separation method involves decomposing or volatilizing the organic materials in the photovoltaic panels at high temperatures. The silicon wafers undergo a crystalline phase transformation at high temperatures, making them easier to crush and separate. The heat-treated product undergoes further crushing and screening to separate the components. The acid leaching method involves using acid to chemically react with metals and other substances in the photovoltaic panels, dissolving the metals and separating them from other materials. The separated solid residue, primarily glass and silicon wafers, can be further processed. The alkaline leaching method involves reacting sodium hydroxide solution with the silicon in the photovoltaic panels to produce a sodium silicate solution. The reaction mixture is filtered to produce a filtrate containing sodium silicate and a solid residue, including metals. The sodium silicate can be recovered from the filtrate through evaporation or crystallization, and the metals in the solid residue can be recovered through further processing methods. The combined physical-chemical method begins by physically crushing and screening the waste photovoltaic panels into particles of varying sizes. Each particle size is then processed separately. For particles containing high amounts of metal, chemical methods such as acid or alkaline leaching can be used to recover the metals. For particles primarily composed of glass and silicon wafers, physical methods such as high-temperature smelting can be used to separate the glass and silicon, or chemical etching can be used to further purify the silicon wafers.

[0004] Therefore, regardless of the recycling technology employed, the panels will inevitably be crushed, and the particle size of the resulting particles directly impacts the efficiency of various processes. Existing crushing equipment typically performs crushing and screening separately, initially crushing the panels and then screening them through screening equipment. Larger particles are then re-fed and crushed again. This necessitates multiple transfers of powder between the crushing and screening stations, impacting production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The patent of this invention provides a waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device, which can perform crushing and screening processes simultaneously in the same equipment. After screening, large particle materials can be automatically sent to the crushing mechanism for cyclic crushing, and only small particle materials within the preset screening particle size range are obtained, thereby achieving high-efficiency crushing and separation.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device comprises a support column, a support plate fixedly mounted on the top of the support column, a crushing mechanism fixedly mounted vertically on the top surface of the support plate, a drive motor fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the support plate, and an output shaft end of the drive motor being in transmission connection with a power input end of the crushing mechanism;

[0008] The outer side of the crushing mechanism is movably sleeved with a screen drum, the cross-section of the side wall of the screen drum is in the shape of a vortex line, a vortex spiral screen is arranged between the inner walls of the screen drum, and an inclined discharge channel is provided through the side wall of the screen drum. A discharge port connected to the top inlet of the discharge channel is opened on the side wall of the crushing mechanism, and the bottom outlet of the discharge channel is located above the outermost bottom end of the screen;

[0009] A horizontal sliding mechanism is provided on one side above the screen drum, a vertical positioning mechanism is provided inside the horizontal sliding mechanism, a scraper located inside the side wall of the screen drum is connected to the bottom of the positioning end of the vertical positioning mechanism, and the bottom end of the scraper is in sliding contact with the top surface of the screen;

[0010] A material distribution plate is fixedly connected to the outer side of the bottom of the screen drum, and at least one bulk material opening is opened on the bottom edge of the material distribution plate. The bottom of the material distribution plate is transmission-connected to the output shaft end of the driving motor.

[0011] Furthermore, the crushing mechanism includes a crushing barrel fixedly arranged on the support plate, a plurality of layers of fixed crushing teeth are arranged on the inner wall of the crushing barrel, a crushing shaft is rotatably arranged in the crushing barrel and is transmission-connected to the output shaft end of the driving motor, a plurality of layers of rotating crushing teeth are arranged on the crushing shaft, and the rotating crushing teeth and the fixed crushing teeth are alternately distributed layer by layer.

[0012] Furthermore, each layer of fixed crushing teeth contains a plurality of fixed tooth cutters evenly distributed around the circumference, and the distance between two adjacent fixed tooth cutters decreases layer by layer from top to bottom.

[0013] Furthermore, the number of layers of the rotating crushing teeth is one more than the number of layers of the fixed crushing teeth, a partition is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the crushing cylinder, the bottom surface of the lowest layer of rotating crushing teeth is in sliding contact with the top surface of the partition, and the bottom edge of the discharge port is connected with the top edge of the partition.

[0014] Furthermore, a bearing mounting groove is fixedly provided on the top surface of the support plate, a planetary gear reducer is provided in the bearing mounting groove, the sun gear of the planetary gear reducer is fixedly sleeved on the bottom end of the crushing shaft, the planetary gears of the planetary gear reducer are rotatably installed in the top surface of the bearing mounting groove, and the gear ring of the planetary gear reducer is slidably provided on the top surface of the bearing mounting groove.

[0015] Furthermore, a plurality of connecting blocks are fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the distribution plate, and the connecting blocks are fixedly connected to the top edge of the gear ring.

[0016] Furthermore, the top shaft ends of the plurality of planetary wheels are connected to a planetary wheel support frame sleeved on the outside of the crushing shaft, and the bottom of the crushing barrel is fixedly connected to the top surface of the planetary wheel support frame.

[0017] Furthermore, the horizontal sliding mechanism includes a guide rod support fixedly arranged on the top of the crushing cylinder, a guide rod support frame fixedly connected to one side of the bottom surface of the support plate, two horizontally arranged guide rods are fixedly arranged between the guide rod support and the guide rod support frame, a slider is slidably arranged on each guide rod, and a movable frame is fixedly connected between the two sliders.

[0018] Furthermore, the vertical positioning mechanism includes a servo motor fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the mobile frame, a gear rotatably mounted in the mobile frame and fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the servo motor, a guide groove is vertically provided on one side of the inner wall of the mobile frame, a rack meshing with the gear is slidably provided in the guide groove, and the scraper is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the rack.

[0019] Furthermore, a storage box positioning plate with an annular structure is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the support plate, and a plurality of storage boxes are placed on the storage box positioning plate. The top opening of the storage box is located below the outer side of the bulk material opening.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] The present invention drives the vertically arranged crushing mechanism through a driving motor, which can realize the process of large-size materials to be crushed falling from top to bottom and being crushed and refined layer by layer. By arranging a rotating spiral screening mechanism on the outside of the crushing mechanism, the particulate material crushed by the crushing mechanism can be screened, and the small-size materials obtained by screening are automatically collected and discharged by the material distribution plate. By arranging a scraper that moves synchronously with the spiral screening mechanism, the large-size particles screened out are automatically pushed into the crushing mechanism to realize cyclic crushing, thereby realizing simultaneous and continuous crushing and screening in one device, thereby improving the production efficiency of photovoltaic panel crushing and separation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the crushing cylinder;

[0026] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the half structure of the crushing cylinder;

[0027] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the crushing shaft;

[0028] Figure 7 This is one of the three-dimensional structural diagrams of the spiral screening mechanism;

[0029] Figure 8 This is the second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the spiral screening mechanism;

[0030] Figure 9 for Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of the position of the middle A part;

[0031] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the planetary gear reducer in assembly with other components;

[0032] Figure 11 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the material distribution tray;

[0033] Figure 12 This is the second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the material distribution tray;

[0034] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the assembly state of the distribution plate and the gear ring;

[0035] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the positioning plate of the storage box;

[0036] Figure 15 It is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the storage box;

[0037] Figure 16 The second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the storage box;

[0038] Figure 17 for Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of the position of the middle B part;

[0039] Figure 18It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the horizontal sliding mechanism and the vertical positioning mechanism.

[0040] Figure: 1. Support column; 101. Support plate; 2. Support plate; 3. Drive motor; 301. Controller; 4. Crushing drum; 401. Fixed crushing teeth; 402. Partition plate; 403. Discharge port; 5. Crushing shaft; 501. Rotating crushing teeth; 6. Bearing mounting groove; 7. Screen drum; 8. Screen; 801. Sealing plate; 9. Discharge channel; 10. Sun gear; 11. Planetary gear; 12. Ring gear; 13. Planetary gear bracket; 14. Distributor tray; 141 , bulk material port; 142, connecting block; 15, cover plate; 16, horizontal sliding mechanism; 161, guide rod support; 162, guide rod support frame; 163, guide rod; 164, slider; 165, moving frame; 17, vertical positioning mechanism; 171, servo motor; 172, gear; 173, rack; 18, scraper; 19, storage box positioning plate; 191, positioning protrusion; 20, storage box; 201, positioning groove; 21, locking bolt; 22, dust cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more precise definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "mounted on" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "fixed to" another component, it may be directly fixed to the other component or there may be a central component.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "or / and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0044] See attached Figure 1A device for crushing and separating discarded solar photovoltaic panels comprises a support column 1, a support plate 2 fixedly mounted on the top of the support column 1, a crushing mechanism fixedly mounted vertically on the top surface of the support plate 2, a drive motor 3 fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the support plate 2, and the output shaft end of the drive motor 3 is transmission-connected to the power input end of the crushing mechanism. Specifically, the support columns 1 are made of square steel sections, with a total of four; the support plate 2 is a circular steel plate, fixedly connected to the top of the four support columns 1 by bolts, and the four support columns 1 are evenly distributed on the bottom surface of the support plate 2, forming the main support structure of the device. A square support plate 101 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the bottom of the four support columns 1 by bolts, which is used to install a controller 301 for controlling the operation of each electrical component and at the same time enhancing the supporting strength of the support column 101. The drive motor 3 is an AC motor, and an encoder is configured at its shaft end to accurately feedback and control its angular position. The center of the bottom surface of the support plate 2 is fixedly connected to the motor mounting bracket 302 by bolts. The driving motor 3 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the motor mounting bracket 302, and the output shaft is arranged vertically upward.

[0045] The crushing mechanism includes a crushing drum 4 fixedly mounted on the support plate 2, with multiple layers of fixed crushing teeth 401 arranged on the inner wall of the crushing drum 4, a crushing shaft 5 rotatably mounted in the crushing drum 4 and connected to the output shaft end of the drive motor 3, and multiple layers of rotating crushing teeth 501 arranged on the crushing shaft 5, with the rotating crushing teeth 501 and the fixed crushing teeth 401 being alternately distributed layer by layer. Specifically, Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the metal cylindrical shell structure of the crushing barrel 4 has a connecting base plate integrally provided at the bottom end of its outer wall for fixed connection between the crushing barrel 4 and the bottom support part. Each layer of fixed crushing teeth 401 contains a plurality of fixed tooth cutters evenly distributed around the circumference, and the distance between two adjacent fixed tooth cutters decreases layer by layer from top to bottom. In this way, after the photovoltaic panel fragments to be crushed enter from the top of the crushing barrel 4, the size of the fragments allowed to fall in each layer of fixed crushing teeth 401 gradually decreases. At the same time, the inner side surface of the suspended end of the tooth cutter is located on the arc surface, and its radius matches the radius of the crushing shaft 5, so that the arc surface and the cylindrical surface of the crushing shaft 5 slide together. A discharge port 403 is provided on the side wall of the crushing barrel 4 below the fixed crushing teeth 401 for the discharge of crushed photovoltaic panel solid particles. The tooth cutters and the crushing barrel 4 can be an integral cast structure to improve the overall strength, or they can be assembled by welding or screw connection to facilitate production and manufacturing. Preferably, in order to facilitate the coaxial assembly of the crushing shaft 5 and the rotating crushing teeth thereon with the crushing barrel 4 and to facilitate the production of the crushing barrel 4, the crushing barrel 4 is formed by fitting two halves of a semi-cylindrical shell structure and then fixing them together.

[0046] like Figure 6As shown, each layer of rotating crushing teeth 501 also contains multiple rotating cutters evenly distributed around the circumference. The outer surface of the suspended end of the rotating cutters is also a circular arc surface, and its radius matches the radius of the inner wall of the crushing drum 4, so that the circular arc surface slides with the inner wall of the crushing drum 4. Thus, as the crushing shaft 5 drives the rotating crushing teeth 501 at high speed, the photovoltaic panel fragments to be crushed fall layer by layer and enter the gap between two adjacent fixed cutters. The rotating cutters then impact and sever the fragments. The fragments, reduced in size after being crushed, continue to fall through the gap between two adjacent rotating cutters and enter the gap between two adjacent fixed cutters in the next layer. There, they are further impacted and severed by the rotating cutters in this layer. After repeated impact and severing of multiple layers, the photovoltaic panel fragments essentially reach the predetermined particle size.

[0047] A circular partition 402 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the crushing barrel 4. The outer wall of the partition 402 is in contact with the inner wall of the crushing barrel 4 and is fixedly connected by bolts. The side wall of the inner hole is in sliding contact with the outer cylindrical surface of the crushing shaft 5, so that the crushed photovoltaic panel particles will not fall into the space below the partition 402. Preferably, the number of layers of rotating crushing teeth 501 is one more than the number of layers of fixed crushing teeth 401. In this way, the layers are alternately distributed so that there is a layer of rotating crushing teeth 401 at the top and bottom of the fixed crushing teeth 401. During the continuous rotation process, the topmost layer of rotating crushing teeth 401 can push the photovoltaic panel fragments retained on the surface of the topmost fixed crushing teeth 401 forward and drop them into the gap between two adjacent fixed teeth, thereby completing the subsequent crushing process; the bottom surface of the bottommost layer of rotating crushing teeth 501 is in sliding contact with the top surface of the partition 402, and the bottom edge of the discharge port 403 is connected to the top edge of the partition 402. In this way, the rotating crushing teeth 501 on the bottom layer can continuously push the crushed particles to perform circular motion. When the particles reach the discharge port 403, they are continuously discharged from the discharge port 403 under the action of centrifugal force, and can scrape off the particles on the surface of the partition 402, avoiding the particles from being deposited on the partition 402 and incompletely discharged.

[0048] A bearing mounting slot 6 is fixedly provided on the top surface of the support plate 2. The bearing mounting seat 6 is a circular, open-top shell structure with an outer diameter no larger than that of the support plate 2. A thrust bearing mounting seat is located at the center of the bottom surface of the slot, embedded within which is a thrust bearing. The bottom end of the crushing shaft 5 is sleeved within the thrust bearing. The bottom end extends beneath the shaft support plate 2 and is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 3 via a coupling. This allows the drive motor 3 to rotate the crushing shaft 5 relative to the crushing drum 4, completing the crushing process.

[0049] The outer movable sleeve of the crushing mechanism is provided with a spiral screening mechanism, which is composed of a screen drum 7 and a screen mesh 8. Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the cross-sectional shape of the side wall of the screen drum 7 is a vortex line, and a vortex spiral screen 8 is provided between the inner walls of the screen drum 7. In this way, a material channel that spirals upward from bottom to top and from outside to inside is formed between the side wall of the screen drum 7 and the top surface of the screen 8. An inclined discharge channel 9 is provided through the side wall of the screen drum 8. The top inlet of the discharge channel 9 is connected to the discharge port 403, and the bottom outlet of the discharge channel 9 is located above the outermost bottom end of the screen 8. In this way, when the top inlet of the discharge channel 9 is connected to the discharge port 403, the photovoltaic panel particles discharged from the discharge port 403 roll down along the discharge channel 9 onto the surface of the screen 8. The mesh size of the screen 8 is determined according to the maximum size of the photovoltaic panel particles to be obtained. The top of the screen 8 is connected to the top of the crushing drum 4, and a sealing plate 801 is provided at the top of the crushing drum 4, which is smoothly connected to the top end of the screen 8 to fill the gap between the circular outer wall of the top of the crushing drum 4 and the vortex line at the top of the innermost side wall of the screen drum 7.

[0050] Because the screen drum 7 needs to rotate relative to the crushing mechanism and requires a relatively low speed, a planetary gear reducer with three planetary gears is used to achieve reduction transmission and power output. Specifically, the sun gear 10 of the planetary gear reducer is fixedly sleeved on the bottom end of the crushing shaft 5 via a key. Three rolling bearing mounting seats are evenly distributed around the circumference of the bearing mounting groove 6. Each rolling bearing mounting seat is embedded with a deep groove ball bearing. The bottom shaft end of the planetary gear 11 of the planetary gear reducer is rotatably mounted within the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing. The edge of the top surface of the bearing mounting groove 6 is provided with an annular step, and the bottom surface of the ring gear 12 of the planetary gear reducer slides on the top surface of the annular step. In this way, when the drive motor 3 drives the crushing shaft 5 to rotate at high speed, the ring gear 12 rotates synchronously at a low speed.

[0051] The top ends of the three planetary gears 11 are connected to a planetary gear support frame 13, which is sleeved onto the outside of the crushing shaft 5. Specifically, the bottom surface of the planetary gear support frame 13 is provided with three bearing mounting holes, each of which is embedded with a deep groove ball bearing. The top ends of the planetary gears 11 are sleeved into the inner rings of the corresponding deep groove ball bearings, and the tops of the bearing mounting holes are sealed with bearing end caps. Because the axis positions of the three planetary gears 11 are fixed, the position of the planetary gear support frame 13 is also fixed. In this embodiment, the bottom connecting plate of the crushing drum 4 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the planetary gear support frame 13 by bolts, thus securing the crushing drum 4 in place.

[0052] The outer side of the bottom of the screen drum 7 is fixedly connected with a material distribution plate 14, and the bottom edge of the material distribution plate 14 is provided with at least one bulk material opening 141. The bottom of the material distribution plate 14 is in driving connection with the output shaft end of the drive motor 3. Specifically, Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown, the distribution plate 14 is a disc shell structure with an opening at the top, and its radius is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the screen drum 7. Then, the crushed small-sized photovoltaic panel particles can all fall into the distribution plate 14 after falling from the screen 8. The inner hole side wall of the distribution plate 14 slides and fits with the circumferential surface of the crushing shaft 5 to prevent small-sized particles from entering the planetary gear reducer below from the inner hole of the distribution plate 14. In order to enable the screen drum 7 to rotate synchronously with the distribution plate 14, the top of the distribution plate 14 is fixedly connected to the cover plate 15 by bolts. The inner side profile of the cover plate 15 matches the outer wall profile of the screen drum 7 and is fixedly connected by bolts, thereby fixing the screen drum 7 to the distribution plate 14 through the cover plate 15. A number of connecting blocks 142 are fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the distribution plate 14, and the bottom end of the connecting block 142 is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the top surface of the gear ring 12 by bolts, as shown in FIG. Figure 13 As shown. In this way, the ring gear 12 can drive the distribution disc 14 and the screen drum 7 to rotate synchronously. During the rotation of the screen drum 7, centrifugal force can be provided to the particles entering the discharge channel 9, so that the particles can smoothly move downward along the discharge channel 9 and be discharged from the discharge channel 9 and finally fall on the surface of the screen 8. Preferably, the bottom surface of the distribution disc 14 is a smooth curved surface with a central convexity and concave edges. In this way, during the rotation of the distribution disc 14, the small-sized photovoltaic panel particles falling into the distribution disc 14 can be evenly dispersed and slid down along the smooth curved surface to be discharged through each bulk port 141.

[0053] The bottom surface of the support plate 2 is also fixedly connected with a ring-shaped storage box positioning plate 19, on which a number of storage boxes 20 are placed. The top opening of the storage box 20 is located below the outer side of the bulk material opening 141. Figure 14 As shown, a plurality of positioning protrusions 191 are provided on the outer dome surface of the bottom end of the storage box positioning plate 19; Figure 15 and Figure 16As shown, the bottom surface of the storage box 20 is provided with a positioning groove 201 that matches the positioning protrusion 191. Through the cooperation of the positioning groove 201 and the positioning protrusion 191, the storage box 20 can be quickly positioned in the circumferential direction on the storage box positioning disk 19. At the same time, the inner side wall surface of the storage box 20 is an arc-shaped surface, and its radius matches the radius of the outer circular surface of the vertical section of the storage box positioning disk 19. After the positioning groove 201 cooperates with the positioning protrusion 191, the storage box 20 is pushed inward until its inner wall abuts against the outer wall of the storage box positioning disk 19, which can quickly achieve radial positioning of the storage box 20. In order to prevent the storage box 20 from becoming loose, a locking bolt 21 is provided on the bottom side of the storage box positioning disk 19 by a threaded connection. Tightening the locking bolt 21 can block the outer side of the storage box 20 through its bolt rod. Loosening the locking bolt 21 so that its bolt rod is parallel to the bottom surface of the storage box positioning disk 19 can release the radial position restriction effect on the storage box 20. The horizontal cross-section of the storage box 20 is fan-shaped, so that after each storage box 20 is positioned, the vertical side walls of two adjacent storage boxes 20 fit together to form a complete annular groove structure, so that the powder evenly dispersed from the bulk opening 141 can be completely received and stored by the storage box 20. Preferably, the vertical height of the outer circular arc wall of the storage box 20 is greater than the vertical height of the inner circular arc wall. Then, after the powder is thrown out of the bulk opening 141, it will be blocked by the outer circular arc wall and fall into the storage box 20, avoiding the powder from splashing out. A carrying port is provided at the top of the outer arc wall to facilitate the handling operation of the storage box 20. Figure 17 As shown, an annular protective cover 22 located outside the bearing mounting groove 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the distribution plate 14 to prevent floating dust from entering the bearing mounting groove 6 and adversely affecting the transmission of the gear pair.

[0054] A horizontal sliding mechanism 16 is provided on the upper side of the screen drum 7, and a vertical positioning mechanism 17 is provided inside the horizontal sliding mechanism 16. The bottom of the positioning end of the vertical positioning mechanism 17 is connected to a scraper 18 located in the side wall of the screen drum, and the bottom end of the scraper 18 is in sliding contact with the top surface of the screen 8. Specifically, Figure 10 and Figure 18As shown, the horizontal sliding mechanism 16 includes a guide rod support 161 fixedly arranged on the top of the crushing cylinder 4, and a guide rod support frame 162 fixedly connected to one side of the bottom surface of the support plate 2. Two horizontally arranged guide rods 163 are fixedly arranged between the guide rod support 161 and the guide rod support frame 162. A slider 164 is slidably arranged on each guide rod 163, and a movable frame 165 is fixedly connected between the two sliders 164. The lower half of the guide rod support 161 is a semicircular frame, embedded and fixedly connected to the top of the crushing drum 4, with its side notch facing the side where the scraper 18 is located. A crossbeam is integrally mounted on the top of the semicircular frame. A bearing seat is located at the center of the crossbeam's top surface. The top of the crushing shaft 5 is rotatably mounted within this bearing seat via a rolling bearing, ensuring the top of the crushing shaft 5 is positioned. The top of the bearing seat is sealed with a bearing end cap. Two plug-in columns are fixed to the top of the crossbeam. One end of each guide rod 163 plugs into each of these plug-in columns, while the other end plugs into the top of the guide rod support frame 162 on either side. This ensures that both guide rods 163 are horizontally arranged and located in the same horizontal plane. A linear bearing is mounted within the slider 164, which rolls around the outside of the guide rods 163, allowing the movable frame 165 to move horizontally along the two guide rods 163. The movable frame 165 is formed by connecting two half frames of a “[”-shaped structure to facilitate the assembly of the vertical positioning mechanism 17 in the movable frame 165 .

[0055] The vertical positioning mechanism 17 includes a servo motor 171 fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the mobile frame 165, a gear 172 rotatably mounted within the mobile frame 165 and fixedly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 171, and a guide slot vertically disposed on one side of the inner wall of the mobile frame 165. A rack 173 slidably disposed within the slot, meshing with the gear 172, is positioned within the guide slot. The scraper 18 is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the rack 173. The width of the rack 173 is no greater than the distance between the side walls of the screen drum 7, and the width of the scraper 18 matches the distance between the side walls of the screen drum 7.

[0056] The working process of this crushing and separation device is:

[0057] After the waste photovoltaic panels are initially disassembled, the metal frames are removed, and then they are initially crushed by general crushing equipment, so that large-sized plate-like parts are turned into small-sized plate parts and slender conditions to form pre-crushed materials, which are then put into this crushing and separation device for secondary crushing.

[0058] Before or during crushing, the pre-crushed material is fed into the crushing mechanism through the top opening of the crushing drum 4. The drive motor 3 rotates in the forward direction, driving the crushing shaft 5. The rotating crushing teeth 501 on the crushing shaft 5 cooperate with the fixed crushing teeth 401 in the crushing drum 4 to gradually refine and crush the pre-crushed material layer by layer, turning it into small-sized particles that fall to the bottom of the crushing drum 4. During the crushing process, the screen drum 7 rotates synchronously, and the top inlet of the discharge channel 9 provided therein intermittently docks with the discharge port 403 during rotation. As a result, small-sized particles, pushed by the rotating crushing teeth 501 at the bottom layer, intermittently enter the discharge channel 9. Under the action of centrifugal force, the small-sized particles are discharged and fall onto the bottom surface of the screen 8.

[0059] During the crushing stage, the servo motor 171 is in a free state, and the bottom end of the scraper 18 is located below the bottom discharge port of the discharge channel 9. During the rotation of the screen drum 7, the scraper 18 pushes the particles on the surface of the screen 18 to move upward, thereby completing the screening process, that is, the small particles fall from the sieve holes to the distribution plate 14, and then under the action of centrifugal force, they are sent out through the bulk port 141 and fall into the storage box 20, while the large particles are pushed to the top of the screen 18 and then fall into the crushing drum 4 to continue being crushed; in this process, under the lifting effect of the screen 8 surface on the bottom end of the scraper 18, the scraper 18 gradually rises vertically until its bottom end slides in contact with the top surface of the sealing plate 801. Under the clamping effect of the inner wall of the screen drum 7, the scraper 18 moves horizontally along the direction of the guide rod 163 to the top position of its inner end and the innermost side wall of the screen drum 7 (the inner wall of the screen drum 7 is tangent to the outer wall of the crushing drum 4).

[0060] After a period of time, the particles discharged from the bulk port 141 accumulate on the bottom surface of the screen 8. The drive motor 3 rotates in the opposite direction, causing the screen drum 7 to rotate in the opposite direction one circle, and then the drive motor 3 pauses. During this process, the side wall of the screen drum 7 pushes the scraper 18 to move horizontally outward until the scraper 18 is again above the bottom end of the surface of the screen 8. The servo motor 171 then works, driving the gear 172 to rotate, thereby moving the rack 173 vertically downward until the bottom end of the scraper 18 is again in contact with the surface of the screen 18. The servo motor 171 stops working and becomes free again. The drive motor 3 resumes working in the forward direction, and the newly accumulated particulate material on the screen 8 can be screened and cyclically crushed.

[0061] During the feeding process, if large-sized particles do not enter the crushing drum 4 but are scattered on the screen 8, when the scraper 18 pushes the material up for screening, the scattered large-sized materials can be pushed to the top opening of the crushing drum 4 and then fall into the crushing drum 4.

[0062] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0063] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention's description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for crushing and separating waste solar photovoltaic panels, comprising a support column and a support plate fixedly mounted on the top of the support column, characterized in that: A crushing mechanism is fixedly arranged vertically on the top surface of the support plate, and a driving motor is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the support plate, and the output shaft end of the driving motor is transmission-connected to the power input end of the crushing mechanism; The outer side of the crushing mechanism is movably sleeved with a screen drum, the cross-section of the side wall of the screen drum is in the shape of a vortex line, a vortex spiral screen is arranged between the inner walls of the screen drum, and an inclined discharge channel is provided through the side wall of the screen drum. A discharge port connected to the top inlet of the discharge channel is opened on the side wall of the crushing mechanism, and the bottom outlet of the discharge channel is located above the outermost bottom end of the screen; A horizontal sliding mechanism is provided on one side above the screen drum, a vertical positioning mechanism is provided inside the horizontal sliding mechanism, a scraper located inside the side wall of the screen drum is connected to the bottom of the positioning end of the vertical positioning mechanism, and the bottom end of the scraper is in sliding contact with the top surface of the screen; A material distribution plate is fixedly connected to the outer side of the bottom of the screen drum, and at least one bulk material opening is opened on the bottom edge of the material distribution plate. The bottom of the material distribution plate is transmission-connected to the output shaft end of the driving motor.

2. The waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The crushing mechanism includes a crushing drum fixedly arranged on a support plate, a plurality of layers of fixed crushing teeth are arranged on the inner wall of the crushing drum, a crushing shaft is rotatably arranged in the crushing drum and is transmission-connected to the output shaft end of the driving motor, and a plurality of layers of rotating crushing teeth are arranged on the crushing shaft, and the rotating crushing teeth and the fixed crushing teeth are alternately distributed layer by layer.

3. The waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each layer of fixed crushing teeth contains multiple fixed tooth cutters evenly distributed around the circumference, and the distance between two adjacent fixed tooth cutters decreases layer by layer from top to bottom.

4. The waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of layers of the rotating crushing teeth is one more than the number of layers of the fixed crushing teeth. A partition is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the crushing cylinder. The bottom surface of the lowest layer of rotating crushing teeth is in sliding contact with the top surface of the partition, and the bottom edge of the discharge port is connected with the top edge of the partition.

5. The waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: A bearing mounting groove is fixedly provided on the top surface of the support plate, a planetary gear reducer is provided in the bearing mounting groove, the sun gear of the planetary gear reducer is fixedly sleeved on the bottom end of the crushing shaft, the planetary gears of the planetary gear reducer are rotatably installed in the top surface of the bearing mounting groove, and the gear ring of the planetary gear reducer is slidably provided on the top surface of the bearing mounting groove.

6. The waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the material distribution plate is fixedly provided with a plurality of connecting blocks, and the connecting blocks are fixedly connected to the top surface edge of the gear ring.

7. The waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top shaft ends of the plurality of planetary wheels are connected to a planetary wheel support frame sleeved on the outside of the crushing shaft, and the bottom of the crushing barrel is fixedly connected to the top surface of the planetary wheel support frame.

8. The waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The horizontal sliding mechanism includes a guide rod support fixedly arranged on the top of the crushing cylinder, a guide rod support frame fixedly connected to one side of the bottom surface of the support plate, two horizontally arranged guide rods are fixedly arranged between the guide rod support and the guide rod support frame, a slider is slidably arranged on each guide rod, and a movable frame is fixedly connected between the two sliders.

9. The waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The vertical positioning mechanism includes a servo motor fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the mobile frame, a gear rotatably mounted in the mobile frame and fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the servo motor, a guide groove is vertically provided on one side of the inner wall of the mobile frame, a rack meshing with the gear is slidably provided in the guide groove, and the scraper is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the rack.

10. The waste solar photovoltaic panel crushing and separation device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: A material storage box positioning plate with an annular structure is also fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the support plate, and a plurality of material storage boxes are placed on the material storage box positioning plate. The top opening of the material storage box is located below the outer side of the bulk material opening.

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