Cyclone cone inner wall composite unit, cyclone cone inner wall structure and hydrocyclone

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite unit for the inner wall of a cyclone cone. The composite unit comprises a conical surface and an arc surface, an inclination angle is formed between the conical surface and the outer wall of the cyclone cone; and the bottom of the conical surface is connected with the arc surface. Compared with an existing cone inner wall without a transition arc structure, the inner wall with the structure has a better hydraulic structure, the classification efficiency of the cyclone can be improved, and the pressure drop of the cyclone is reduced to a certain extent; in the aspect of matching of the cones, local turbulent flow brought by a multi-section shrinkage structure is beneficial to redistribution of mismatched substances (overflow rough separation or settled sand clamping) to a certain extent, and the classification efficiency of the cyclone is improved; the cone structure with different wall thicknesses can improve the utilization rate of materials to the maximum extent, and due to the fact that cone abrasion is generally concentrated on the lower half portion of the cone, the service life of the cone of the cyclone is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine sorting equipment, and in particular to a cyclone cone inner wall composite unit, a cyclone cone inner wall structure and a hydrocyclone. Background Art

[0002] As a commonly used classification equipment in mines, hydrocyclones are usually used to classify particles of different particle sizes and densities in ore slurry. The fluid in the cyclone is usually divided into an upper cyclone and a lower cyclone. The upper cyclone is at the center of the cyclone and is discharged from the overflow port to obtain overflow material. The lower cyclone carries coarser particles and is discharged from the sand settling port at the lower end. The sand settling is usually coarser and contacts the inner wall of the cyclone cone.

[0003] Existing cyclone cone designs typically utilize a single conical inner surface. This simple design results in significant wear at the junction of the cones due to turbulence. Wear is primarily concentrated in the lower half of the cone. As the fluid cross-section shrinks, the flow rate increases, increasing wear on the cone's inner wall. Some designs also utilize an upper conical surface and a lower cylindrical inner surface. However, this design, like conventional cyclones, can result in localized turbulence at the junction, increasing wear and reducing classification efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned technology, the present invention aims to provide a composite unit for the inner wall of a cyclone cone, comprising: a conical surface and an arc surface; wherein the conical surface has an inclination angle with the outer wall of the cyclone cone; and the bottom of the conical surface is connected to the arc surface.

[0005] In the present invention, the bottom of the conical surface is tangent to the top of the arc surface; the bottom of the arc surface is perpendicular to the plane where the flange of the cyclone cone is located.

[0006] In the present invention, the ratio of the height h of the arc surface to the total height H of the cyclone cone is less than or equal to 25%.

[0007] In the present invention, the center a of the longitudinal section of the arc segment is on the plane where the flange of the cyclone cone is located.

[0008] In the present invention, the radius R of the arc segment satisfies the following conditions: when the starting point of the arc surface is at the end point of the flange, there is only one ending point of the arc surface that is tangent to the inclined surface of the cone.

[0009] In the present invention, the longitudinal section of the arc segment is a standard arc or an irregular arc.

[0010] In the present invention, the inclination angle β of the inner wall of the cyclone cone is greater than the inclination angle θ of the outer wall of the cyclone cone. Preferably, β-θ is within 2°.

[0011] Based on the above composite units, the present invention further proposes a multi-stage contraction cyclone cone inner wall structure, wherein the cyclone cone inner wall structure is composed of multiple sections of the above composite units stacked and contracted in an up-and-down manner.

[0012] In a specific embodiment, the inward dimension of the lower end of the inner wall of the upper cone relative to the upper end of the inner wall of the lower cone toward the central axis is 1-10 mm; preferably, 3 mm.

[0013] The present invention also provides a hydrocyclone, wherein the conical section of the hydrocyclone adopts the above-mentioned cyclone cone inner wall composite unit, or a multi-section contraction cyclone cone inner wall structure;

[0014] The hydrocyclone also includes a feed port, a cylindrical section, an overflow pipe, an underflow port and other structures; wherein,

[0015] The feed port introduces the material in a tangential manner, forming a strong rotating flow field and promoting the cyclone separation process;

[0016] The cylindrical section is located at the upper part of the cyclone, providing space for cyclone formation and stabilization;

[0017] The overflow pipe is arranged at the center of the top to discharge low-density liquid and adjust the bottom flow concentration;

[0018] The bottom flow outlet is located at the bottom end and discharges high-density particles. The discharge capacity is controlled by an adjustable sand discharge nozzle.

[0019] The multi-stage contraction inner wall structure of the cyclone cone proposed in the present invention has the following beneficial effects: compared with existing cone inner walls without a transition arc structure, the inner wall with this structure has a better hydraulic structure, can improve the cyclone classification efficiency, and can reduce the cyclone pressure drop to a certain extent; in terms of the coordination between the cones, the local turbulence caused by the multi-stage contraction structure is conducive to the redistribution of mismatched materials (overflow coarse particles or sedimentation and fine particles), thereby improving the cyclone classification efficiency; the cone structure with different wall thicknesses can maximize material utilization, because cone wear is generally concentrated in the lower half of the cone, thereby extending the service life of the cyclone cone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1It is a schematic structural diagram of the composite unit on the inner wall of the cyclone cone of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the inner wall structure of the cyclone cone with multiple contractions according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the inner wall structure of the existing cyclone cone.

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of .

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a multi-segment contracting cone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples and accompanying drawings. The processes, conditions, experimental methods, etc. for implementing the present invention, except for those specifically mentioned below, are common knowledge and common common sense in the art and are not particularly limited by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1-Figure 4 In the figure, 1 is the cone surface; 2 is the arc surface; 3 is the flange; a is the center of the circle; h is the height of the arc surface; H is the total height of the composite unit; R is the radius of the arc segment; A is the starting point of the arc surface; B is the ending point of the arc surface; β is the inclination angle of the inner wall; θ is the inclination angle of the outer wall.

[0028] The present invention proposes a cyclone cone inner wall comprising an upper conical surface 1 and a lower circular arc segment 2. The conical surface 1 is angled with the outer wall and gradually thickens. This design can accommodate the intense wear caused by the reduction in the water cross-section. At the end of the cone, a circular arc segment 2 is tangent to the conical surface 1 and perpendicular to the cyclone flange plane. This reduces turbulence during the transition as water flows from the current cone to the lower cone, minimizing wear and improving the cyclone's classification effect.

[0029] The inner wall structure of the cyclone cone proposed by the present invention:

[0030] 1. The head of the arc surface 2 at the bottom of the cyclone cone is tangent to the upper cone surface 1, and the tail end is perpendicular to the cone flange plane.

[0031] 2. The ratio of the height h of the arc surface 2 at the lower part of the cyclone cone to the total height H of the cone is less than or equal to 25%.

[0032] 3. The center point a of the arc segment 2 shown in the longitudinal section is on the plane of the conical flange flanging.

[0033] 4. The radius R of arc segment 2 is determined by the inclination angle of cone surface 1 and the lower end of the cone. The basis for determining the arc here can be determined as follows: since the arc's circle must be on the flange plane, and the starting point of the arc is at the flange endpoint A, as the arc radius R continues to increase, it must have one and only one endpoint that is tangent to the cone's inclined surface. This point is the end point B of the arc segment. In general, the tangent direction of the arc at point B is consistent with the cone's inclined surface, and the tangent direction of the arc at point A is perpendicular to the flange plane.

[0034] 5. The arc segment shown on the longitudinal section is not necessarily a standard arc, it may also be a non-standard arc.

[0035] 6. The cyclone inner wall inclination angle β is slightly greater than θ, making the lower portion of the cone slightly thicker than the upper portion. The β-θ range is generally within 2°. Otherwise, while maintaining the inner contour of the cone, the upper inner wall will be too thin or the lower inner wall will be too thick, both of which are uneconomical.

[0036] Excessive cone structures in existing cyclones or unreasonable connection between the upper and lower cones will lead to excessive local turbulence, which is not only not conducive to the redistribution of mismatched materials (overflowing coarse particles or settling sand and fine particles), but may also increase the content of mismatched materials. Figure 3 , Figure 2 The structural cone shown in the figure has a multi-stage contraction structure, which is beneficial to the redistribution of mismatched materials (overflowing coarse particles or settling sand and fine particles), and improves the classification efficiency of the cyclone.

[0037] The present invention Figure 4 The indentation shown by the arrow is based on reducing turbulence, and generally does not require much consideration, a few millimeters are sufficient. The only thing to consider is that the following Figure 5 The structure shown.

[0038] The number of segments in the multi-segment collapsible cone of the present invention is primarily determined by convenience. Too many segments will cause inconvenience in installation and mismatch of the sand traps. Generally, a cyclone cone with 2-4 segments is preferred.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] This embodiment provides a cone inner wall composite unit applied to the cone inner wall of an improved hydrocyclone;

[0041] The cone inner wall composite unit includes: a cone surface 1 and an arc surface 2; wherein,

[0042] The conical surface 1 has an inclination angle with the outer wall of the cyclone cone;

[0043] The bottom of the conical surface 1 is connected to the arc surface 2 .

[0044] The bottom of the conical surface 1 is tangent to the top of the arc surface 2; the bottom of the arc surface 2 is perpendicular to the plane where the cyclone cone flange 3 is located.

[0045] In this embodiment, the ratio of the height h of the arc surface 2 to the total height H of the composite unit is 15%.

[0046] The center point a of the longitudinal section of the arc segment 2 is on the plane where the flange 3 of the cyclone cone is located.

[0047] The arc segment in this embodiment adopts a standard arc, and the radius R of the arc segment 2 satisfies the following conditions: when the starting point A of the arc surface 2 is at the end point of the flange, there is only one ending point B of the arc surface 2 that is tangent to the cone slope.

[0048] The inclination angle β of the inner wall of the cyclone cone is greater than the inclination angle θ of the outer wall of the cyclone cone, and the β-θ is 1.5°.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] This embodiment provides an optimized hydrocyclone comprising a feed inlet, a cylindrical section, a conical section, an overflow pipe, and an underflow outlet. The feed inlet is typically configured as a tangential inlet, located tangentially above the cylindrical section, for introducing the mixed material into the cyclone at high speed and tangentially, thereby forming a strong swirling flow field. This tangential inlet creates a stable and high-intensity rotating flow field within the cyclone, providing sufficient centrifugal force to efficiently separate particles of varying densities within the material.

[0051] The cylindrical section, located below the feed inlet and typically in a short cylindrical shape, primarily guides and stabilizes the swirl flow. Its smooth inner wall and optimally designed dimensions and height minimize turbulence and ensure a relatively stable rotation within this region, creating favorable flow conditions for subsequent particle separation.

[0052] The conical section, located below the cylindrical section, has a tapered, downward-converging conical structure, typically with an angle between 10° and 20°. This conical section's contracting shape causes the material flow to gradually converge as it flows downward, increasing the swirl velocity and further enhancing the centrifugal force. This structure helps accelerate particle settling and separation, increasing particle concentration in the underflow and making it particularly suitable for separating particles with large density differences or coarse particles.

[0053] In this embodiment, the internal structure of the cone segment is improved. Specifically, a circular arc surface 2 is provided at the bottom of the cone segment, which is tangent to the inner cone surface 1 and perpendicular to the plane of the flange at the bottom of the cone segment, thereby improving the turbulence in the cyclone.

[0054] In the specific implementation of this embodiment, the shape of the arc surface 2 is a standard arc, and the radius of the corresponding circle is R;

[0055] The arc and the cone segment in which it is located account for approximately 20%;

[0056] The inner wall of the cone in this embodiment generally presents a structure that is thin at the top and thick at the bottom, so the inclination angle of the inner wall of the cone is slightly greater than that of the outer wall of the cone. In this embodiment, the difference in inclination angle between the inner wall of the cone and the outer wall of the cone is approximately 1.5°.

[0057] For the two adjacent cones in the cyclone, the lower end of the inner wall of the upper cone is more inward-retracted than the upper end of the inner wall of the lower cone, and is closer to the central axis of the cone; the inward-retracted dimension is about 3 mm;

[0058] In this embodiment, three sections of cones are spliced together, and the lower end of the inner wall of each section of the cone is provided with the above-mentioned arc-shaped structure;

[0059] The splicing of three sections of cones can improve fluid distribution and flow stability. When using multiple sections of cones, the upper section usually adopts a small cone angle design, while the lower section mainly adopts a large cone angle design. This can make the velocity and pressure gradient of the material in the cyclone smoother, reduce the turbulence phenomenon that is easy to occur at large cone angles, and optimize the uniformity of the flow field.

[0060] The upper, small-angle section of the multi-segment cone facilitates initial separation and provides ample separation distance; the lower, large-angle section accelerates particle settling, achieving more efficient separation and higher underflow concentration. Furthermore, the multi-segment cone design can accommodate the separation of particles of varying sizes: the small-angle section is more suitable for capturing fine particles, while the large-angle section is suitable for separating larger or high-density particles, achieving both coarse and fine particle classification.

[0061] When using a segmented multi-section cone structure, it can also reduce the local excessive swirl intensity, reduce the risk of wear on the cyclone wall and bottom flow port, and reduce the probability of particle blockage in the large cone angle area;

[0062] The multi-section cone can also flexibly adjust the cone angle and length combination according to actual separation requirements to match different materials and process conditions, achieving higher adaptability and customized separation effects;

[0063] The overflow pipe is located at the top center of the cyclone and inserted into the cylindrical section to a certain depth. It is typically used to discharge the upper vortex fluid within the cyclone, typically containing low-density components. Adjusting the overflow pipe's insertion depth can control the cyclone's separation performance and underflow concentration: deeper insertion increases underflow yield, making it suitable for coarse particle separation; shallower insertion reduces underflow yield, making it suitable for fine particle separation.

[0064] The underflow port is located at the bottom of the cone and communicates with the cone of the cyclone. It is typically equipped with a replaceable grit removal nozzle or underflow nozzle, whose size can be adjusted according to actual needs. The design and caliber adjustment of the underflow port are key to achieving varying underflow concentrations and controlling the separation particle size. By adjusting the size of the grit removal nozzle, the underflow port's discharge capacity can be tailored to the separation requirements, ensuring efficient and stable separation performance under varying operating conditions.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] This embodiment provides an optimized hydrocyclone, comprising a feed inlet at the top of the cyclone, a cylindrical section below the feed inlet, a tapered section for gradually narrowing the liquid flow channel, an overflow pipe located at the center of the upper portion of the cyclone, and an underflow port at the bottom of the cyclone. These components interact to form a high-speed rotating flow field, enabling efficient separation of solid-liquid mixtures under the influence of the centrifugal force of rotation.

[0067] The feed port is typically designed as a tangential inlet, located on the sidewall of the cylindrical section. This tangential inlet arrangement allows the mixed fluid to acquire rotational kinetic energy upon entering the cyclone, rapidly forming a flow field that rotates along the inner wall of the cyclone, thereby enhancing the centrifugal separation effect within the cyclone. The feed port can be rectangular or circular in shape to accommodate different feed flow rates and material properties.

[0068] The cylindrical section, located at the top of the cyclone, is typically a short cylindrical structure with a diameter that matches the tangential angle of the feed inlet. The height and diameter of the cylindrical section are typically designed based on the cyclone's processing capacity and the required separation particle size. The goal is to provide a relatively stable and uniform rotating flow space within this area, reducing turbulence and ensuring a stable material flow field and consistent separation results.

[0069] The conical section below the cylindrical section is typically conical, with an angle typically ranging from 10° to 20°. This tapered structure gradually converges the flow path of the rotating fluid, accelerating the liquid velocity along the axial direction and significantly increasing the centrifugal force within the cyclone. This increased centrifugal force causes denser particles in the material to form a sedimentation layer on the cyclone wall, migrating toward the underflow area, achieving efficient separation.

[0070] In this embodiment, the internal structure of the cone segment is improved. Specifically, an arc is provided at the bottom of the cone segment, which is tangent to the inner cone surface and perpendicular to the plane of the flange at the bottom of the cone segment, thereby improving the turbulence in the cyclone.

[0071] In the specific implementation of this embodiment, the arc is a non-standard arc that is modified and adjusted according to actual conditions;

[0072] The arc and the cone segment in which it is located account for approximately 25%;

[0073] The inner wall of the cone in this embodiment generally presents a structure that is thinner at the top and thicker at the bottom. Therefore, the inclination angle of the inner wall of the cone is slightly greater than that of the outer wall of the cone. In this embodiment, the difference in inclination angle between the inner wall of the cone and the outer wall of the cone is approximately 1.8°.

[0074] For the two adjacent cones in the cyclone, the lower end of the inner wall of the upper cone is more inwardly concave than the upper end of the inner wall of the lower cone, and is closer to the central axis of the cone; the inward concave dimension is about 4 mm;

[0075] In this embodiment, four cone sections are spliced together from top to bottom, and the lower end of the inner wall of each cone section is provided with the above-mentioned non-standard arc structure.

[0076] The overflow pipe is installed perpendicular to the central axis of the cyclone and is typically inserted from the upper portion of the cyclone to a certain depth within the cylindrical section. The overflow pipe's function is to discharge the upper vortex fluid within the cyclone, typically the low-density liquid portion. Its insertion depth not only determines the size of the cyclone's upper vortex flow area and the width of the downward channel, but also allows for flexible adjustment of underflow particle concentration and separation accuracy to meet separation requirements under varying operating conditions.

[0077] The underflow port, located at the center of the cyclone's bottom end and directly connected to the cone, is typically equipped with a removable sand removal nozzle or underflow nozzle. The underflow port's opening diameter and nozzle structure can be flexibly configured to meet the cyclone's actual separation requirements. This effectively adjusts the underflow discharge concentration and particle size range, ensuring stable operation under high-concentration conditions and minimizing clogging.

[0078] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0079] As used in the present invention, the term "comprising" is an open expression, that is, including the contents specified in the present invention, but not excluding other aspects.

[0080] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0081] The protection content of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, changes and advantages that can be thought of by those skilled in the art are included in the present invention and are protected by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A composite unit for the inner wall of a cyclone cone, characterized in that: include: Conical surface (1) and arc surface (2); wherein, The conical surface (1) has an inclination angle with the outer wall of the cyclone cone; The bottom of the conical surface (1) is connected to the arc surface (2).

2. The cyclone cone inner wall composite unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the conical surface (1) is tangent to the top of the arc surface (2); the bottom of the arc surface (2) is perpendicular to the plane where the cyclone cone flange (3) is located.

3. The cyclone cone inner wall composite unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the height h of the arc surface (2) to the total height H of the composite unit is less than or equal to 25%; and / or, The center point a of the longitudinal section of the arc segment (2) is on the plane where the flange (3) of the cyclone cone is located.

4. The cyclone cone inner wall composite unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radius R of the arc segment (2) satisfies the following requirement: when the starting point (A) of the arc surface (2) is at the end point of the flange, there is only one ending point (B) of the arc surface (2) that is tangent to the cone slope.

5. The cyclone cone inner wall composite unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal section of the arc segment (2) is a standard arc or an irregular arc.

6. The cyclone cone inner wall composite unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle β of the inner wall of the cyclone cone is greater than the inclination angle θ of the outer wall of the cyclone cone.

7. The cyclone cone inner wall composite unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The β-θ is within 2°.

8. A multi-stage contraction cyclone cone inner wall structure, characterized in that: The inner wall structure of the cyclone cone is composed of multiple sections of composite units as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 that are stacked and contracted up and down.

9. The multi-stage contraction cyclone cone inner wall structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inward shrinkage dimension of the lower end of the inner wall of the upper cone toward the central axis is 1-10 mm compared to the upper end of the inner wall of the lower cone.

10. A hydrocyclone, characterized in that: It comprises the cyclone cone inner wall composite unit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or the cyclone cone inner wall structure according to claim 8 or 9.

Images