Tandem type multi-stage buffer device

Abstract

The invention provides a tandem type multi-stage buffer device which comprises a main pipeline, the interior of the main pipeline is hollow and is an internal cavity, the left end of the main pipeline is provided with a high-pressure gas source inlet hole capable of being opened and closed, the right end of the main pipeline is provided with a one-way gas inlet hole and a gas outlet hole capable of being opened and closed, and the side face of the main pipeline is provided with a side face outlet hole; the high-pressure air source inlet, the air outlet hole, the one-way air inlet hole and the side face outlet hole are all communicated with the inner cavity. A moving valve element is arranged in the main pipeline in a sliding mode, and the moving valve element slides left and right to achieve connection and disconnection of a high-pressure air source inlet or connection and disconnection of a side face outlet hole. The moving valve element is divided into at least two valve element sections from left to right, the radius of each valve element section is gradually decreased from left to right, and a spring buffering mechanism or a gas buffering mechanism or a spring gas buffering mechanism is arranged between the right end face of each valve element section and the inner wall of the inner cavity. And at least one buffer mechanism is a gas buffer mechanism with adjustable rigidity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of buffering and shock absorption, and particularly relates to a series multi-stage buffer device. Background Art

[0002] During equipment production and testing, high-pressure gas tanks and valves of high-speed electromagnetic repulsion mechanisms often need to be opened quickly to generate a high-speed gas source and extremely high acceleration. The high-speed moving valve core has great kinetic energy, and the braking process often produces huge impact, vibration and noise. If effective measures are not taken, it will seriously affect the service life of the equipment, reduce its operating accuracy and endanger personal safety and health. In the existing patent CN104712610B, a high-speed cylinder with a buffer device adopts the method of adding a buffer piston to reduce the direct collision between the moving piston and the end of the cylinder. The buffer piston is usually made of rubber, and the kinetic energy of the piston is absorbed by the friction between the rubber and the contact object and the compression deformation, but the buffering performance is temperature sensitive. A gas buffer device CN207701651U adopts a solution of filling the buffer piston and the cylinder end with gas and using compressed air to buffer the moving piston. The above buffering solution can only solve the valve core braking and noise reduction of medium and low speeds and small flows to a certain extent, and cannot meet the needs of high-speed, large-diameter pistons. In addition, the end high-pressure gas source generated during the buffering process poses a safety risk. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The invention provides a series-connected multi-stage buffer device.

[0004] The object of the present invention is achieved in the following manner: a series multi-stage buffer device, including a main pipeline, the interior of the main pipeline is hollow as an internal cavity, the left end of the main pipeline is provided with a high-pressure gas source inlet hole that can be turned on and off, the right end is provided with a one-way gas inlet hole and a gas outlet hole that can be turned on and off, and a side outlet hole is provided on the side; the high-pressure gas source inlet, the gas outlet hole, the one-way gas inlet hole, and the side outlet hole are all connected to the internal cavity; a moving valve core is slidingly arranged in the main pipeline, and the moving valve core slides left and right to realize the turning on and off of the high-pressure gas source inlet or the turning on and off of the side outlet hole; the moving valve core is divided into at least two valve core sections from left to right, and the radius of the valve core section gradually decreases from left to right, and a spring buffer mechanism or a gas buffer mechanism or a spring gas buffer mechanism is respectively provided between the right end face of each valve core section and the inner wall of the internal cavity; at least one buffer mechanism is a gas buffer mechanism with adjustable stiffness.

[0005] The gas buffer mechanism includes a closed space surrounded by the right end face of a valve core segment, the outer circumferential surface of the adjacent valve core on the right side, and the inner wall of the internal cavity; a one-way air inlet channel and a switchable air outlet channel are provided at the right end of the closed space; the main pipeline includes a pressure relief pipe provided at the right end; the one-way air inlet channel and the one-way air inlet hole are connected to the inner cavity of the pressure relief pipe; the gas outlet hole and the air outlet channel are connected to the inner cavity of the pressure relief pipe in a switchable manner.

[0006] The air outlet channel is connected to an adjustable pressure relief valve; the adjustable pressure relief valve includes an L-shaped connector with one end connected to the air outlet channel and the other end extending out of the inner wall of the pressure relief pipe; the L-shaped connector is sealed and connected to the pressure relief pipe and the air outlet channel at the contact point; the L-shaped connector is provided with an air outlet hole connected to the air outlet channel and a threaded hole vertically connected to the air outlet hole, and a screw is provided in the threaded hole.

[0007] An elastic buffer is arranged in the closed space. The elastic buffer is one or more of a buffer spring and a rubber buffer pad, which are arranged separately or in series to form a spring gas buffer mechanism.

[0008] The spring buffer mechanism includes an elastic buffer member arranged between the right end surface of a valve core segment and the inwardly protruding inner wall of the internal cavity; the spring buffer member is sleeved on the circumferential surface of the right adjacent valve core segment.

[0009] At least two bidirectional gas channels are arranged along the circumference on the inner wall of the internal cavity corresponding to the right end of the elastic buffer; the bidirectional gas channels are connected to the inner cavity of the pressure relief pipe.

[0010] The main pipeline includes a high-pressure gas source inlet pipe, a three-way pipe, a first-level buffer pipe, a second-level buffer pipe, and the pressure relief pipe, which are fixedly connected in sequence from left to right; the interiors of the high-pressure gas source inlet pipe, the three-way pipe, the first-level buffer pipe, the second-level buffer pipe, and the pressure relief pipe are hollow and connected in sequence from left to right to form the internal cavity; the right end of the pressure relief pipe is provided with the gas outlet hole that can be turned on and off; the pressure relief pipe is also provided with the one-way air inlet channel; the side of the three-way pipe is provided with a side outlet hole; the moving valve core includes two left and right valve core sections with different diameters, and a first-level buffer mechanism is provided between the right end face of the left valve core section and the left end face of the second-level buffer pipe, which is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the right valve core section; a second-level buffer mechanism is provided between the right end face of the right valve core section and the left end face of the pressure relief pipe; the first-level buffer mechanism is a spring buffer mechanism, and the second-level buffer mechanism is a gas buffer mechanism or a spring-gas buffer mechanism.

[0011] The inner diameter of the secondary buffer tube is smaller than that of the primary buffer tube, and the secondary buffer tube is provided with at least two through holes along the circumference serving as bidirectional gas channels; the bidirectional gas channels correspond to the positions of the elastic buffer components of the elastic buffer mechanism; the pressure relief tube comprises a bottom plate on the left and a tubular component on the right; a bidirectional gas channel is also provided on the bottom plate of the pressure relief tube at a position corresponding to the bidirectional gas channel of the secondary buffer tube; the right end face of the valve core section on the left, the left end face of the bottom plate, and the inner wall of the secondary buffer tube form the enclosed space; a one-way air inlet channel and an air outlet channel connecting the enclosed space and the inner cavity of the pressure relief tube are provided on the bottom plate, and the air outlet channel is connected to an adjustable pressure relief valve.

[0012] A mounting hole is provided on the bottom plate of the pressure relief pipe, and a left-facing center tube is fixedly provided in the mounting hole; the valve core section on the right side of the moving valve core is slidably connected to the outer surface of the center tube; the right end surface of the valve core section on the left, the left end surface of the bottom plate, the inner wall of the secondary buffer tube and the outer wall of the center tube form the closed space; the inner cavity of the valve core section on the right side and the inner cavity of the center tube are connected to form a two-way gas channel that is connected to the inner cavity of the pressure relief pipe; an end cover is provided at the right end of the pressure relief pipe, and the gas outlet hole is provided on the end cover.

[0013] The first-level buffer mechanism includes a rubber buffer pad sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the right valve core section and a first-level buffer spring; the rubber buffer pad is fixedly connected to the right end face of the left valve core section; the second-level buffer mechanism includes gas in a closed space and a buffer piston and a second-level buffer spring arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the center tube; the buffer piston is fixedly arranged in a metal sleeve, the outer wall of the metal sleeve is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second-level buffer tube, and the left end of the second-level buffer tube is provided with a limiting hole with a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the metal sleeve to limit the metal sleeve to the left.

[0014] Compared to existing technologies, the present invention utilizes multiple spool segments and multiple buffer mechanisms to effectively absorb the kinetic energy of the spool, achieving both buffering and shock absorption. Furthermore, the adjustable stiffness of the buffer mechanism further controls the buffering effect, enabling adaptive adjustment by selecting different stiffnesses for different high-pressure gas sources. This invention offers the characteristics of a standalone module and can be directly installed via flanges in high-speed opening and closing devices equipped with a spool. It has a wide range of applications and offers significant shock absorption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the moving valve core of the present invention closing the channel between the high-pressure gas source inlet pipe and the side outlet hole.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the movement of the valve core of the present invention to open the channel between the high-pressure gas source inlet pipe and the side outlet hole.

[0017] Among them, there are high-pressure gas source inlet pipe 1, three-way pipe 2, moving valve core 3, first-level buffer pipe 4, second-level buffer pipe 5, adjustable pressure relief valve 6, pressure relief pipe 7, one-way air inlet hole 8, two-way gas channel 9, second-level buffer spring 10, buffer piston 11, first-level buffer spring 12, rubber buffer pad 13, center tube 14, enclosed space 15, end cover 16, gas outlet hole 17, side outlet hole 20, valve core section 30, and one-way air inlet channel 70. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the technical terms used herein shall have the ordinary meanings understood by persons skilled in the art. Terms such as "connected," "attached," "fixed," and "disposed" should be interpreted broadly and may refer to fixed, removable, or integral connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; and mechanical or electrical connections. Unless otherwise specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature. Relational terms such as first and second are used solely to distinguish one entity or operation from another and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. The terms used in the description, such as "center", "transverse", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "height", "front", "back", "left", "right", "up", "down", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., to indicate the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation.

[0019] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Figure 1-2As shown, a series-type multi-stage buffer device includes a main pipe, the main pipe is hollow inside to form an internal cavity, a high-pressure gas source inlet hole that can be switched on and off is provided at the left end of the main pipe, a one-way gas inlet hole 8 and a gas outlet hole 17 that can be switched on and off are provided at the right end, and a side outlet hole 20 is provided on the side. The high-pressure gas source inlet, gas outlet hole 17, one-way gas inlet hole 8, and side outlet hole 20 are all connected to the internal cavity. A movable valve core 3 is slidably provided in the main pipe, and the movable valve core 3 slides left and right to switch the high-pressure gas source inlet or the side outlet hole 20 on and off. The movable valve core 3 is divided into at least two valve core sections 30 from left to right, and the radius of the valve core section 30 gradually decreases from left to right. A spring buffer mechanism, a gas buffer mechanism, or a spring-gas buffer mechanism is respectively provided between the right end surface of each valve core section 30 and the inner wall of the internal cavity. At least one buffer mechanism is a gas buffer mechanism with adjustable stiffness. Here, left and right are only relative directions, and are not absolute left or right to illustrate the relative position relationship. Each valve core segment 30 is coaxially arranged. As the diameter of the valve core segment 30 gradually decreases, the right end face of each valve core segment 30 is stepped from left to right. There are various buffer mechanisms, such as spring buffer mechanisms, gas buffer mechanisms, spring and gas series buffer mechanisms, etc. The gas outlet hole 17 is used to discharge the gas at the right end of the moving valve core 3. When the moving valve core 3 moves to the right under the action of the gas pressure on the left side, the side outlet hole 20 of the high-pressure gas source can be opened; when the moving valve core 3 moves to the left under the action of the right side air intake and the spring force, the side outlet hole 20 can be closed. The moving valve core 3 of the present invention is provided with multiple valve core segments 30 and multiple buffer mechanisms, which can effectively absorb the kinetic energy of the moving valve core 3 to achieve buffering and shock absorption. At the same time, the buffer mechanism with adjustable stiffness can further control the buffering effect, select different stiffnesses for different high-pressure gas sources, and achieve adaptive adjustment. The present invention has the characteristics of an independent module and can be directly installed in a high-speed opening and closing device with a valve core through a flange. It has a wide range of applications and a significant shock absorption effect.

[0020] Furthermore, the gas buffer mechanism includes a closed space 15 formed by the right end face of a valve core segment 30, the outer circumferential surface of the right adjacent valve core, and the inner wall of the internal cavity; a one-way air inlet channel 70 and a switchable air outlet channel are provided at the right end of the closed space 15; the main pipeline includes a pressure relief pipe 7 provided at the right end; the one-way air inlet channel 70 and the one-way air inlet hole 8 are connected to the inner cavity of the pressure relief pipe 7; the gas outlet hole 17 and the air outlet channel are connected to the inner cavity of the pressure relief pipe 7 in a switchable manner. Among them, if it is the right end face of the rightmost valve core, there is no right adjacent valve core, and there is no outer circumferential surface of the right adjacent valve core. At this time, the closed space 15 does not include the outer circumferential surface of the right adjacent valve core. The length of the closed space 15 does not exceed the length of the right adjacent valve core segment 30. The air outlet channel can be opened and closed, and the gas volume and pressure of the air in the closed space 15 can be adjusted, thereby realizing the stiffness adjustment of the gas buffer mechanism, avoiding the phenomenon of excessive stiffness caused by excessive air intake or excessive stiffness caused by insufficient air intake.

[0021] Furthermore, the air outlet channel is connected to an adjustable pressure relief valve 6; the adjustable pressure relief valve 6 includes an L-shaped connector having one end connected to the air outlet channel and the other end extending out of the inner wall of the pressure relief pipe 7; the L-shaped connector is sealed in contact with the pressure relief pipe 7 and the air outlet channel; the L-shaped connector is provided with an air outlet hole connected to the air outlet channel and a threaded hole vertically connected to the air outlet hole, and a screw is provided in the threaded hole. The present invention rotates the screw to achieve up and down adjustment of the screw. Not only can the air outlet hole be opened or closed, but the cross-section and flow rate of the air outlet through the air outlet hole can also be adjusted, thereby achieving damping adjustment and stepless stiffness adjustment of the gas buffer mechanism. The adjustable pressure relief valve 6 can also adopt other existing structures, as long as the on-off and cross-section adjustment of the air outlet channel can be achieved, thereby adjusting the damping of the gas buffer structure.

[0022] Furthermore, an elastic buffer is provided in the closed space 15 , and the elastic buffer is one or more of a buffer spring and a rubber buffer pad 13 , which are provided individually or in series to form a spring gas buffer mechanism.

[0023] The spring buffer mechanism includes an elastic buffer disposed between the right end surface of a valve core segment 30 and the inwardly protruding inner wall of the internal cavity; the spring buffer is sheathed over the circumferential surface of the adjacent right valve core segment 30. The elastic buffer can be one or more of a buffer spring or a rubber buffer pad 13, either individually or in series, to provide a buffering effect by accumulating elastic force.

[0024] At least two bidirectional gas channels 9 are provided along the circumference on the inner wall of the internal cavity corresponding to the right end of the elastic buffer; the bidirectional gas channels 9 are connected to the inner cavity of the pressure relief pipe 7.

[0025] In a specific structure, the main pipeline may include a high-pressure gas source inlet pipe 1, a tee pipe 2, a primary buffer pipe 4, a secondary buffer pipe 5, and the pressure relief pipe 7, which are fixedly connected in sequence from left to right; the interiors of the high-pressure gas source inlet pipe 1, the tee pipe 2, the primary buffer pipe 4, the secondary buffer pipe 5, and the pressure relief pipe 7 are hollow and connected in sequence from left to right to form the internal cavity; the right end of the pressure relief pipe 7 is provided with the gas outlet hole 17 that can be switched on and off; the pressure relief pipe 7 is also provided with the one-way air inlet channel 70; the side of the tee pipe 2 is provided with a side outlet hole 20; the moving valve core 3 includes two left and right valve core sections 30 of different diameters; a primary buffer mechanism is provided between the right end surface of the left valve core section 30 and the left end surface of the secondary buffer pipe 5, which is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the right valve core section 30; a secondary buffer mechanism is provided between the right end surface of the right valve core section 30 and the left end surface of the pressure relief pipe 7; the primary buffer mechanism is a spring buffer mechanism, and the secondary buffer mechanism is a gas buffer mechanism or a spring-gas buffer mechanism. The high-pressure gas source inlet pipe 1, the three-way pipe 2, the first-level buffer pipe 4, the second-level buffer pipe 5, and the pressure relief pipe 7 can be connected by bolts.

[0026] The inner diameter of the secondary buffer tube 5 is smaller than that of the primary buffer tube 4. The secondary buffer tube 5 is circumferentially provided with at least two through-holes serving as bidirectional gas passages 9. These bidirectional gas passages 9 correspond to the locations of the elastic buffer components of the elastic buffer mechanism. The pressure relief tube 7 includes a left bottom plate and a right tubular component. A bidirectional gas passage 9 is also provided on the bottom plate of the pressure relief tube 7 at locations corresponding to the bidirectional gas passages 9 of the secondary buffer tube 5. The right end surface of the left valve core segment 30, the left end surface of the bottom plate, and the inner wall of the secondary buffer tube 5 define the enclosed space 15. A one-way air inlet passage 70 and an air outlet passage are provided on the bottom plate, connecting the enclosed space 15 with the inner cavity of the pressure relief tube 7. The air outlet passage is connected to the adjustable pressure relief valve 6. The structure of the adjustable pressure relief valve 6 has been described above, but other existing pressure relief valve structures may also be employed. An elastic buffer component may also be provided within the enclosed space 15. This elastic buffer component may be one or more of a buffer spring or a rubber cushion 13, arranged individually or in series, to form a spring gas buffer mechanism.

[0027] A mounting hole is provided on the bottom plate of the pressure relief pipe 7, and a left-facing center tube 14 is fixedly provided in the mounting hole; the valve core section 30 on the right side of the moving valve core 3 is slidably connected to the outer surface of the center tube 14; the right end surface of the valve core section 30 on the left, the left end surface of the bottom plate, the inner wall of the secondary buffer tube 5 and the outer wall of the center tube 14 form the closed space 15; the inner cavity of the valve core section 30 on the right side and the inner cavity of the center tube 14 are connected to form a two-way gas channel 9 that is connected to the inner cavity of the pressure relief pipe 7; an end cover 16 is provided at the right end of the pressure relief pipe 7, and the gas outlet hole 17 is provided on the end cover 16.

[0028] The primary buffer mechanism includes a rubber cushion 13 encased on the outer circumference of the right valve core segment 30 and a primary buffer spring 12. The rubber cushion 13 is fixedly connected to the right end surface of the left valve core segment 30. The secondary buffer mechanism comprises a gas enclosed space 15, a buffer piston 11 disposed on the outer circumference of a central tube 14, and a secondary buffer spring 10. The buffer piston 10 is fixedly mounted within a metal sleeve, the outer wall of which is slidably connected to the inner wall of the secondary buffer tube 5. A retaining hole with a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the metal sleeve is provided at the left end of the secondary buffer tube 5 to retain the metal sleeve to the left, preventing it from falling out of the secondary buffer tube 5. The buffer piston 10 and the metal sleeve can be bolted together. The buffer piston 11 can be made of an elastic buffer material such as rubber. If a gap exists between the buffer piston 11 and the movable valve core 3 after high-pressure gas is injected into the pressure relief chamber, the buffer piston 11 will move rapidly, resulting in a large impact force and prone to damage and dislodgment. Therefore, in the present invention, the rightmost end of the motion valve core 3 and the piston are preferably designed to have no gap to prevent the piston from being damaged by excessive impact force. Of course, the rightmost end of the motion valve core 3 and the left end of the buffer piston 11 can also be fixedly connected.

[0029] In addition, in the embodiment of the accompanying drawings of the present invention, a stepped cylinder is provided at the left end of the left valve core section 30 of the motion valve core 3, and the leftmost dimension of the stepped cylinder corresponds to the outlet of the high-pressure gas source inlet pipe 1. When the valve is closed, the right end face of the stepped cylinder is pressed against the right end face of the high-pressure gas source inlet pipe 1 to seal the outlet of the high-pressure gas source inlet pipe 1. A sealing ring is provided on the right end face of the high-pressure gas source inlet pipe 1 to seal the two. Of course, the side of the motion valve core 3 can also be moved to seal the side outlet hole 20. The one-way air inlet structure of the one-way air inlet channel 7070 and the one-way air inlet hole 8 in the present invention can be a common structure such as a one-way valve. The structure for opening and closing holes such as the gas outlet hole 1717 can adopt an existing opening and closing structure, which belongs to the prior art and will not be described in detail. The high-pressure gas source inlet pipe 1 in the present invention can be connected to any high-pressure fluid, and the side outlet end of the high-pressure gas source on the three-way pipe 2 can be connected to the equipment. The high-pressure gas source inlet pipe 1, the three-way pipe 2, the first-level buffer pipe 4, the second-level buffer pipe 5, and the pressure relief pipe 7 are all connected by bolts and sealing gaskets.

[0030] In specific implementation, in the initial state, the side outlet hole 2020 of the tee pipe 22 is open, and the gas outlet hole 1717 is closed. High-pressure gas then enters the pressure relief pipe 77 through the one-way air inlet hole 88, and then passes through the two-way gas passage 9 on the bottom plate of the pressure relief pipe 77 and the secondary buffer pipe 55 into the secondary buffer pipe 55 and the primary buffer pipe 44, thereby pushing the movable valve core 33 back to its original position. At this point, the high-pressure gas inlet pipe 11 is closed.

[0031] When high-pressure gas flows through the high-pressure gas source inlet pipe 11, the moving valve core 33 initially reaches a state of equilibrium under the gas pressure at its left and right ends. After the gas outlet port 1717 on the right side of the pressure relief pipe 77 opens, fluid rapidly flows out of the right side of the moving valve core 33, reducing the pressure on the right side. The moving valve core 33 rapidly moves to the right under the action of the high-pressure fluid on the left side. At this point, the primary buffer spring 1212 at the end of the moving valve core 33 is compressed, absorbing some of its kinetic energy. Simultaneously, the end of the moving valve core 33 strikes the buffer piston 1111, compressing the secondary buffer spring 1010 and the gas enclosed in the enclosed space 1515 within the secondary buffer tube 55. At this point, the kinetic energy of the moving valve core 33 is converted into frictional heat dissipation between the buffer piston 1111 and the inner wall of the secondary buffer tube 55, as well as the deformation energy of the buffer piston 1111 and the secondary buffer spring 1010. This rapidly decreases the speed of the moving valve core 33 until it reaches zero. During this process, the kinetic energy of the moving valve core 33 is absorbed, thereby ensuring that the entire device and other external equipment are not damaged.

[0032] Adjusting the screw penetration height of the adjustable pressure relief valve 66 can adjust the buffering capacity of the gas in the closed space 1515 in the secondary buffer tube 55, select the optimal flow rate for different gas tank pressures, and minimize the impact on the movable valve core.

[0033] The various technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they shall be considered to be within the scope of this specification. Without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, the technical solutions according to the present invention and their equivalent replacement or modification, as well as the various changes and improvements made thereto, shall also be considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A series multi-stage buffer device, characterized in that: The utility model comprises a main pipeline, the interior of the main pipeline is hollow as an internal cavity, a high-pressure gas source inlet hole which can be switched on and off is provided at the left end of the main pipeline, a one-way gas inlet hole and a gas outlet hole which can be switched on and off are provided at the right end, and a side outlet hole is provided on the side; the high-pressure gas source inlet, the gas outlet hole, the one-way gas inlet hole and the side outlet hole are all connected with the internal cavity; a moving valve core is slidingly provided in the main pipeline, and the moving valve core slides left and right to realize the switching on and off of the high-pressure gas source inlet or the switching on and off of the side outlet hole; the moving valve core is divided into at least two valve core sections from left to right, and the radius of the valve core section gradually decreases from left to right, and a spring buffer mechanism or a gas buffer mechanism or a spring gas buffer mechanism is respectively provided between the right end face of each valve core section and the inner wall of the internal cavity; at least one buffer mechanism is a gas buffer mechanism with adjustable stiffness.

2. The serial multi-stage buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas buffer mechanism includes a closed space surrounded by the right end face of a valve core segment, the outer circumferential surface of the adjacent valve core on the right side, and the inner wall of the internal cavity; a one-way air inlet channel and a switchable air outlet channel are provided at the right end of the closed space; the main pipeline includes a pressure relief pipe provided at the right end; the one-way air inlet channel and the one-way air inlet hole are connected to the inner cavity of the pressure relief pipe; the gas outlet hole and the air outlet channel are connected to the inner cavity of the pressure relief pipe in a switchable manner.

3. The serial multi-stage buffer device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air outlet channel is connected to an adjustable pressure relief valve; the adjustable pressure relief valve includes an L-shaped connector with one end connected to the air outlet channel and the other end extending out of the inner wall of the pressure relief pipe; the L-shaped connector is sealed and connected to the pressure relief pipe and the air outlet channel at the contact point; the L-shaped connector is provided with an air outlet hole connected to the air outlet channel and a threaded hole vertically connected to the air outlet hole, and a screw is provided in the threaded hole.

4. The serial multi-stage buffer device according to claim 2, characterized in that: An elastic buffer is arranged in the closed space. The elastic buffer is one or more of a buffer spring and a rubber buffer pad, which are arranged separately or in series to form a spring gas buffer mechanism.

5. The serial multi-stage buffer device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spring buffer mechanism includes an elastic buffer member arranged between the right end surface of a valve core segment and the inwardly protruding inner wall of the internal cavity; the spring buffer member is sleeved on the circumferential surface of the right adjacent valve core segment.

6. The serial multi-stage buffer device according to claim 5, characterized in that: At least two bidirectional gas channels are arranged along the circumference on the inner wall of the internal cavity corresponding to the right end of the elastic buffer; the bidirectional gas channels are connected to the inner cavity of the pressure relief pipe.

7. The serial multi-stage buffer device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main pipeline includes a high-pressure gas source inlet pipe, a three-way pipe, a first-level buffer pipe, a second-level buffer pipe, and the pressure relief pipe, which are fixedly connected in sequence from left to right; the interiors of the high-pressure gas source inlet pipe, the three-way pipe, the first-level buffer pipe, the second-level buffer pipe, and the pressure relief pipe are hollow and connected in sequence from left to right to form the internal cavity; the right end of the pressure relief pipe is provided with the gas outlet hole that can be turned on and off; the pressure relief pipe is also provided with the one-way air inlet channel; the side of the three-way pipe is provided with a side outlet hole; the moving valve core includes two left and right valve core sections with different diameters, and a first-level buffer mechanism is provided between the right end face of the left valve core section and the left end face of the second-level buffer pipe, which is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the right valve core section; a second-level buffer mechanism is provided between the right end face of the right valve core section and the left end face of the pressure relief pipe; the first-level buffer mechanism is a spring buffer mechanism, and the second-level buffer mechanism is a gas buffer mechanism or a spring-gas buffer mechanism.

8. The serial multi-stage buffer device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the secondary buffer tube is smaller than that of the primary buffer tube, and the secondary buffer tube is provided with at least two through holes along the circumference serving as bidirectional gas channels; the bidirectional gas channels correspond to the positions of the elastic buffer components of the elastic buffer mechanism; the pressure relief tube comprises a bottom plate on the left and a tubular component on the right; a bidirectional gas channel is also provided on the bottom plate of the pressure relief tube at a position corresponding to the bidirectional gas channel of the secondary buffer tube; the right end face of the valve core section on the left, the left end face of the bottom plate, and the inner wall of the secondary buffer tube form the enclosed space; a one-way air inlet channel and an air outlet channel connecting the enclosed space and the inner cavity of the pressure relief tube are provided on the bottom plate, and the air outlet channel is connected to an adjustable pressure relief valve.

9. The serial multi-stage buffer device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A mounting hole is provided on the bottom plate of the pressure relief pipe, and a left-facing center tube is fixedly provided in the mounting hole; the valve core section on the right side of the moving valve core is slidably connected to the outer surface of the center tube; the right end surface of the valve core section on the left, the left end surface of the bottom plate, the inner wall of the secondary buffer tube and the outer wall of the center tube form the closed space; the inner cavity of the valve core section on the right side and the inner cavity of the center tube are connected to form a two-way gas channel that is connected to the inner cavity of the pressure relief pipe; an end cover is provided at the right end of the pressure relief pipe, and the gas outlet hole is provided on the end cover.

10. The serial multi-stage buffer device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first-level buffer mechanism includes a rubber buffer pad sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the right valve core section and a first-level buffer spring; the rubber buffer pad is fixedly connected to the right end face of the left valve core section; the second-level buffer mechanism includes gas in a closed space and a buffer piston and a second-level buffer spring arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the center tube; the buffer piston is fixedly arranged in a metal sleeve, the outer wall of the metal sleeve is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second-level buffer tube, and the left end of the second-level buffer tube is provided with a limiting hole with a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the metal sleeve to limit the metal sleeve to the left.

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