Mass spectrum detection method, device and system for plant tissue components

Abstract

The invention relates to a mass spectrometric detection method, device and system for plant tissue components. The method comprises the following steps: determining a sample probe and a to-be-detected plant sample, and controlling the sample probe to be placed in a detection area of the to-be-detected plant sample; introducing protective gas into the detection area, and electrically connecting the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected with an arc generator to control the arc generator to generate charged aerosol between the detection area and the sample probe under the action of the protective gas; the charged aerosol is generated based on the components of the plant tissues in the detection area; according to the method, the charged aerosol is conveyed into the mass spectrometric detection equipment through the protective gas, so that the charged aerosol is subjected to mass spectrometric analysis by the mass spectrometric detection equipment, a mass spectrometric detection result corresponding to the components of the plant tissues in the plant sample to be detected is obtained, and the accuracy of mass spectrometric detection is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of analysis and detection technology, and in particular to a mass spectrometry detection method, apparatus, system, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product for plant tissue components. Background Art

[0002] Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) typically uses surgical instruments as ion sources in conjunction with a mass spectrometer. This allows REIMS to generate bio-signature aerosols on plant tissues, which can be directly analyzed by mass spectrometry. Specifically, REIMS utilizes a high-frequency electrosurgical unit to generate gas-phase ions during the electrical ablation of plant tissues. These ions can then be transmitted to a mass spectrometer for mass spectrometry analysis of the tissues.

[0003] However, the existing mass spectrometry analysis method for plant tissues using a high-frequency electrosurgery knife as an ion source has low accuracy in analyzing the components of plant tissues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a mass spectrometry detection method, device, system, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium and computer program product for plant tissue components that can improve the accuracy of component analysis in response to the above technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a mass spectrometry method for detecting plant tissue components, the method comprising:

[0006] Determining a sample probe and a plant sample to be detected, and controlling the sample probe to be placed in a detection area of the plant sample to be detected;

[0007] A protective gas is introduced into the detection area, and the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected are electrically connected to an arc generator, so that the arc generator is controlled to generate a charged aerosol between the detection area and the sample probe under the action of the protective gas; the charged aerosol is generated based on the composition of the plant tissue in the detection area;

[0008] The charged aerosol is transported to a mass spectrometry detection device through the protective gas, so that the charged aerosol is subjected to mass spectrometry analysis by the mass spectrometry detection device to obtain mass spectrometry detection results corresponding to the components of the plant tissue in the plant sample to be detected.

[0009] In one embodiment, the determining of the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected, and controlling the sample probe to be placed in the detection area of the plant sample to be detected, includes:

[0010] connecting the plant sample to a first output terminal of an arc generator to form a first electrode;

[0011] The sample probe is connected to the second output end of the arc generator to form a second electrode; the first electrode and the second electrode are used to generate arc plasma acting on the plant sample when the arc generator is powered on to generate charged aerosol;

[0012] A detection area is determined on the plant sample to be detected, and the sample probe is controlled to move to the detection area.

[0013] In one embodiment, determining the detection area on the plant sample to be detected includes at least one of the following:

[0014] determining a detection area on the epidermal tissue of the plant sample to be detected;

[0015] The sample probe is controlled to cut the epidermal tissue of the plant sample to be detected to expose the inner tissue of the plant sample to be detected, and a detection area is determined on the inner tissue.

[0016] In one embodiment, when controlling the sample probe to move to the detection area, the interval distance between the sample probe and the detection area ranges from 0.1 cm to 6 cm.

[0017] In one embodiment, the step of introducing a protective gas into the detection area and electrically connecting the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected to an arc generator, so as to control the arc generator to generate a charged aerosol between the detection area and the sample probe under the action of the protective gas, comprises:

[0018] Passing a protective gas into the detection area along the axis direction of the sample probe; and controlling the arc generator to be electrically connected to the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected;

[0019] controlling the arc generator to form an electric field between the detection area and the sample probe according to discharge parameters, and ionizing the shielding gas through the electric field to form arc plasma;

[0020] The arc plasma is controlled to desorb components of the plant tissue in the detection area, and the components of the plant tissue are cooled under the action of the protective gas to form charged aerosol.

[0021] In one embodiment, the protective gas includes an inert gas, and the flow rate of the inert gas ranges from 50 mL / min to 800 mL / min;

[0022] The temperature of the arc plasma does not exceed 100°C;

[0023] The discharge parameters include at least one of a discharge frequency, a discharge voltage, and a discharge power. The discharge frequency has a value range of 10kHz to 100kHz, the discharge voltage has a value range of 5kV to 40kV, the discharge power is proportional to the discharge voltage, and the discharge power has a value range of no more than 1000W.

[0024] In one embodiment, the horizontal spacing distance between the plant sample to be detected and the sampling port of the mass spectrometry detection device ranges from 0.5 mm to 40 mm, and the vertical spacing distance between the plant sample to be detected and the sampling port of the mass spectrometry detection device ranges from 5 mm to 30 mm.

[0025] In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

[0026] An untreated plant sample is determined, and when the untreated plant sample does not meet the detection condition, a conductive solution is sprayed on the untreated plant sample to obtain a plant sample to be detected.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a mass spectrometry detection device for plant tissue, the device comprising:

[0028] an electrode determination and control module, configured to determine a sample probe and a plant sample to be detected, and control the sample probe to be placed in a detection area of the plant sample to be detected;

[0029] an aerosol generation control module, configured to introduce a protective gas into the detection area and electrically connect the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected to an arc generator, thereby controlling the arc generator to generate a charged aerosol between the detection area and the sample probe under the action of the protective gas; the charged aerosol is generated based on the composition of the plant tissue in the detection area;

[0030] The component detection and analysis module is used to transport the charged aerosol to the mass spectrometry detection equipment through the protective gas, so that the mass spectrometry detection equipment performs mass spectrometry analysis on the charged aerosol to obtain mass spectrometry detection results corresponding to the components of the plant tissue in the plant sample to be detected.

[0031] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a mass spectrometry detection system for plant tissues, the system comprising:

[0032] A carrier, used for carrying plant samples to be tested;

[0033] Sample probe;

[0034] a gas generator, used for introducing protective gas into the plant sample to be tested;

[0035] An arc generator having a first output end and a second output end, wherein the first output end is electrically connected to the plant sample to be tested, and the second output end is electrically connected to the sample probe, wherein the arc generator generates a charged aerosol between the plant sample to be tested and the sample probe based on the protective gas; the charged aerosol is generated based on components of plant tissue in the plant sample to be tested;

[0036] A mass spectrometry detection device is arranged on one side of the carrier, and is used to perform mass spectrometry analysis on the charged aerosol, obtain mass spectrometry data of the charged aerosol, and generate mass spectrometry detection results of the components of the plant tissue based on the mass spectrometry data; the charged aerosol is transported to the mass spectrometry detection device through the protective gas.

[0037] In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of the above-described method when executing the computer program.

[0038] In a fifth aspect, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which implements the steps of the method described above when the computer program is executed by a processor.

[0039] In a sixth aspect, the present application also provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, which implements the steps of the method described above when executed by a processor.

[0040] The mass spectrometry detection method, apparatus, system, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product of the plant tissue components described above determine a sample probe and a plant sample to be detected, control the sample probe to be placed in a detection area of the plant sample to be detected; introduce a protective gas into the detection area, and electrically connect the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected to an arc generator to control the arc generator to generate charged aerosol between the detection area and the sample probe under the action of the protective gas; the charged aerosol is generated based on the components of the plant tissue in the detection area; and the charged aerosol is transported to the mass spectrometry detection device via the protective gas. , by using a mass spectrometry detection device to perform mass spectrometry analysis on the charged aerosol to obtain mass spectrometry detection results corresponding to the components of the plant tissue in the plant sample to be detected; by connecting the sample probe and the plant sample to an arc generator, and using the sample probe and the plant sample to discharge when the arc generator is energized, charged aerosol can be quickly generated based on the highly aqueous electrolyte characteristics of the protective gas and the plant sample. Subsequently, the charged aerosol is quickly transported to the mass spectrometry detection device by the protective gas for mass spectrometry analysis, which can avoid ion loss and changes in chemical composition caused by long-distance transmission of the charged aerosol, and is conducive to improving the accuracy of mass spectrometry detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or related technologies, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application or related technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a mass spectrometry detection system for plant tissue components in one embodiment;

[0043] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a mass spectrometry method for detecting plant tissue components in one embodiment;

[0044] Figure 3 FIG1 is a schematic flow diagram of the step of generating charged aerosol in one embodiment;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a mass spectrum obtained by analyzing the components of a tobacco leaf sample in an application example.

[0046] Figure 5 This is one of the mass spectra obtained from analyzing the components of 16 tobacco leaf samples in an application example.

[0047] Figure 6 This is one of the mass spectra obtained from analyzing the components of 16 tobacco leaf samples in an application example.

[0048] Figure 7 This is one of the mass spectra obtained from analyzing the components of 16 tobacco leaf samples in an application example.

[0049] Figure 8 This is a mass spectrum obtained from the analysis of polymethoxylated flavonoids in orange peel, orange pulp, and mandarin orange peel, as an application example.

[0050] Figure 9 Mass spectra obtained from the analysis of caffeine in young and mature tea leaves, an application example.

[0051] Figure 10 This is a mass spectrum obtained from analyzing potassium nitrate residues on the surface and at different depths of lettuce in an application example.

[0052] Figure 11 This is the mass spectrum obtained from analyzing potato, lotus root, taro, ginger, sweet potato, and orange samples in an application example.

[0053] Figure 12 The following is a mass spectrum of potassium nitrate residues analyzed in positive ion mode in an application example: ginger peel, ginger pulp, sweet potato peel, sweet potato pulp, orange peel, and orange pulp.

[0054] Figure 13 This is the mass spectrum of the analysis of phospholipids in peanuts and black beans in positive ion mode in an application example;

[0055] Figure 14 1 is a structural block diagram of a mass spectrometry detection device for plant tissue components in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0057] As a widely cultivated and important cash crop, tobacco occupies an indispensable position in agricultural production, industrial processing, and consumer markets. However, as the public's awareness of the potential health hazards of tobacco products deepens, the demand for tobacco quality monitoring, component analysis, and harmful substance testing has increased significantly. The chemical composition of tobacco leaves is extremely complex, with more than 2,500 compounds known to be present, while the smoke produced by their combustion contains more than 4,700 chemicals, each of which varies in flavor and health effects. Therefore, developing technologies that can quickly and efficiently analyze the components of tobacco leaves and smoke is crucial to improving tobacco quality control and optimizing product safety.

[0058] As a convenient in situ analytical technique, REIMS (Recharge In-Situ Mass Spectrometry) eliminates the need for complex sample pretreatment. It utilizes high-temperature evaporation to rapidly generate charged aerosols for immediate mass spectrometry analysis. The advantage of REIMS lies in its ability to perform real-time, in situ analysis, eliminating tedious sample pretreatment steps. This technique utilizes high-temperature evaporation of biological samples, combined with electrosurgery and laser surgery equipment, to rapidly generate charged aerosols that are directly fed into a mass spectrometer for analysis, providing immediate feedback. REIMS has demonstrated exceptional performance in plant tissue analysis, enabling rapid and accurate analysis of complex chemical compositions, including lipids, metabolites, and other biomarkers. Its ability to efficiently analyze a wide range of biomolecules has demonstrated significant value in fields such as medicine, microbial identification, and food safety. As a plant tissue, tobacco shares similar characteristics with other plants, such as its complex chemical composition and specific biomarkers, making REIMS a promising candidate for tobacco analysis. Tobacco contains numerous bioactive compounds, such as nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sugars, and pesticide residues, which have direct health implications. Therefore, the ability to rapidly and accurately detect these compounds is crucial for tobacco quality monitoring and public health.

[0059] Although REIMS technology has shown broad application potential in multiple fields, several challenges and problems remain. For example, during electrothermal ablation, the temperature between the electrodes can reach approximately 400°C, which can cause thermal damage to tobacco samples. Furthermore, the equipment requires 1-2 meters of polytetrafluoroethylene tubing, a venturi pump, and an ion source assembly, resulting in high equipment costs. However, for plant tissue analysis, multiple components, including the polytetrafluoroethylene tubing and venturi pump, are often redundant. Furthermore, the analyte generated in existing equipment must be transported over long distances through the polytetrafluoroethylene tubing before reaching the mass spectrometer for component analysis, resulting in low efficiency. Furthermore, during transport, the analyte may diffuse, resulting in uneven concentration distribution, or may agglomerate to form large particles, leading to low analysis accuracy. Furthermore, long-distance transport is not conducive to in-situ, real-time analysis of components.

[0060] The mass spectrometry detection method for plant tissue components provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to an application environment of a mass spectrometry detection system (hereinafter referred to as a mass spectrometry detection system) and a server containing plant tissue components. The mass spectrometry detection system communicates with the server via a network. The data storage system can store data that the server needs to process. The data storage system can be integrated on the server, or it can be placed on the cloud or other network servers. The server can be an independent physical server, or it can be a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or it can be a cloud server that provides cloud computing services.

[0061] In one embodiment, Figure 1As shown, a mass spectrometry detection system for plant tissue components is provided, comprising a carrier 101, a sample probe 102, a gas generator (not shown), an arc generator 103, and a mass spectrometry detection device 104. The carrier 101 is used to carry a plant sample 105 to be detected; the sample probe 102 can reciprocate above the carrier 101 to approach or move away from the carrier 101. Thus, during the detection process, the sample probe 102 can move closer to or further away from the plant sample 105 to be detected placed on the carrier 101. Thus, the movement of the sample probe 102 can change the distance between the sample probe 102 and the plant sample 105 to be detected, thereby providing different detection distances and facilitating the control of variables during the detection process to set a control group. The sample probe 102 can be made of a conductive material so as to form an electrode between the sample 102 and the plant sample 105 to be tested for discharge during the detection process. For example, the sample probe 102 can be made of a probe made of conductive metal, a probe-type, and a metal wire-like structure, or can be implemented using an existing structure similar to a scalpel. When a scalpel is used, the blade of the scalpel can include but is not limited to a straight blade, a curved blade, a round blade, a pointed blade, etc., to meet different experimental requirements and ensure the stable generation of arc plasma and the reliability of the analysis process.

[0062] The gas generator is used to introduce protective gas into the plant sample 105 to be tested. In an optional embodiment, the gas generator includes a gas nozzle, which can be disposed on the sample probe 102. The gas nozzle's gas outlet direction is along the axis of the sample probe 102. This allows the protective gas to be introduced into the plant sample 105 to be tested along the axis of the sample probe 102. This ensures that the protective gas can enter the area between the sample probe 102 and the plant sample 105 to be tested, thereby ensuring the stable generation of the subsequent charged aerosol. In some other embodiments, the nozzle of the gas generator can be integrated on the sample probe 102. For example, when the sample probe 102 adopts a probe or probe type structure, a channel running through the sample probe 102 along the axial direction can be set inside the sample probe 102, and the nozzle of the gas generator can be connected to the end of the sample probe 102 away from the plant sample 105 to be tested, so as to provide protective gas through the channel inside the sample probe 102; for example, when the sample probe 102 adopts a scalpel structure, the nozzle of the gas generator can be fixed at the tip of the scalpel to provide protective gas directly through the nozzle. This can be achieved using the existing structure, which is conducive to improving detection efficiency.

[0063] The arc generator 103 has a first output end and a second output end. The first output end is electrically connected to the plant sample 105 to be detected, and the second output end is electrically connected to the sample probe 102, so that the plant sample 105 to be detected and the sample probe 102 serve as two electrodes respectively, so that when the arc generator 103 is started, an arc can be formed between the plant sample 105 to be detected and the sample probe 102, so that the arc generator 103 can generate charged aerosol between the plant sample 105 to be detected and the sample probe 102 based on the protective gas. The charged aerosol can be transported to the mass spectrometry detection equipment 104 under the action of the airflow of the protective gas for subsequent mass spectrometry detection.

[0064] The mass spectrometer detection device 104 is disposed on one side of the carrier 101. The mass spectrometer detection device 104 is used to perform mass spectrometry analysis on the charged aerosol, obtain mass spectrometry data of the charged aerosol, and generate mass spectrometry detection results of the components of the plant tissue based on the mass spectrometry data. The charged aerosol is transported to the mass spectrometer detection device 104 via a protective gas. In a specific implementation, the mass spectrometer detection device 104 has an inlet corresponding to the carrier 101. When the plant sample 105 to be tested cooperates with the sample probe 102 to discharge, the temperature generated by the arc can act to excite the chemical components in the plant sample 105 to be tested. Under the cooling effect of the protective gas and the airflow, the charged aerosol is formed. The charged aerosol is then transported through the inlet to the mass spectrometer detection device 104 along with the protective gas, where mass spectrometry detection of the components is completed.

[0065] In one embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, a mass spectrometry method for detecting plant tissue components is provided. This method is described using a server as an example. It is understood that this method can also be applied to a mass spectrometry detection system, or to a system including a mass spectrometry detection system and a server, and implemented through interaction between the mass spectrometry detection system and the server. The method of this embodiment includes the following steps 202 to 206. Among them:

[0066] Step 202 : Determine a sample probe and a plant sample to be detected, and control the sample probe to be placed in a detection area of the plant sample to be detected.

[0067] The sample probe is used to contact the plant sample to be tested and participate in the detection process. The sample probe can be a probe with a specific shape and function. The sample probe can be made of conductive materials, such as conductive metal, conductive ceramic, etc., so that it can cooperate with the plant sample to be tested to discharge during the detection process. For example, the sample probe can be a probe made of conductive metal, a probe-type, and a metal wire-like structure, or it can be implemented using an existing structure similar to a scalpel. When a scalpel is used, the blade of the scalpel can include but is not limited to a straight blade, a curved blade, a round blade, a pointed blade, etc., to meet different experimental requirements and ensure the stable generation of arc plasma and the reliability of the analysis process. The plant sample to be tested refers to a plant tissue or a part of a plant individual that needs to be analyzed for composition, tested, etc. For example, the plant sample to be tested can be plant tissue from different parts of the plant, such as leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits. The plant tissue can be the epidermal tissue of the plant or the inner tissue of the plant. The plant sample to be tested can also be a part collected intact from the plant with specific research value. In specific implementation, appropriate plant samples, plant tissues or parts can be selected according to the analysis requirements; for example, when studying the changes in the composition of a certain plant under a specific growth environment, plant samples from different growth stages or different growth parts can be selected; for example, when analyzing the impact of a certain plant disease on plant components, diseased and healthy plant samples can be selected for comparative testing.

[0068] The detection area refers to the specific part or range delineated from the plant sample to be tested for component detection and analysis. In specific implementation, the detection area can be determined in combination with the structural characteristics of the plant sample, the distribution pattern of the components and the research objectives; for example, if you want to study the composition of plant leaves, you can select different positions on the leaves (such as the tip, middle of the leaf, base of the leaf) or areas of different leaf ages (such as old leaves, new leaves) as the detection area to fully understand the changes in leaf components in different parts and under different growth conditions. During the detection process of plant samples, the sample probe needs to be precisely placed in the detection area of the plant sample to ensure that a stable arc can be generated between the sample probe and the plant tissue to be tested during the detection process.

[0069] For example, the server may determine a corresponding sample probe according to the type of the plant sample to be detected, and control the sample probe to move to a detection area of the plant sample to be detected.

[0070] In an optional embodiment, when determining the sample probe and the plant sample to be tested, a mapping table can be constructed based on the type of plant sample to be tested and the sample probes that can be used. When performing the test, the server can quickly and accurately determine the appropriate sample probe from the mapping table based on the type of plant sample to be tested. When controlling the sample probe, the sample probe can be installed on a movable bracket. The server can control the bracket to move the sample probe to a specified position by obtaining the movement instruction issued by the operator, so as to improve the automation of the detection process, ensure the accuracy of the distance between the sample probe and the plant sample to be tested, and facilitate accurate control of the experimental parameters. In some other embodiments, such as in some application scenarios where the precision requirements are not high, the sample probe can also be moved by manual control, that is, the experimenter places the sample probe in the detection area by holding it.

[0071] In step 204 , a protective gas is introduced into the detection area, and the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected are electrically connected to the arc generator to control the arc generator to generate charged aerosol between the detection area and the sample probe under the action of the protective gas.

[0072] The term "shielding gas" refers to a gas used to create a specific environment during the detection process, preventing the substance to be detected from chemically reacting with components in the surrounding environment or being otherwise interfered with. The shielding gas can be an inert gas with stable chemical properties that is not easily reacted with other substances, such as nitrogen, helium, and argon. The shielding gas can act as a reaction gas in the generation of charged aerosols. Moreover, during the reaction process, the shielding gas can also cool the charged aerosols during their generation, preventing excessively high reaction temperatures from causing physical damage to plant tissues, thereby improving the reusability of plant samples. At the same time, the shielding gas can also act as a carrier gas, transporting the charged aerosols and smoothly transporting the generated charged aerosols to the mass spectrometry detection equipment for subsequent analysis. In specific implementation, the shielding gas is introduced into the detection area along the axis of the sample probe to provide a stable environment for the formation of arc plasma and the desorption of plant tissue components, preventing oxygen and moisture in the air from oxidizing and hydrolyzing the plant tissue components, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the detection results.

[0073] Electrically connecting the sample probe and the plant sample to be tested to the arc generator means connecting the sample probe and the plant sample to the output end of the arc generator, and forming a discharge circuit after starting the arc generator, so that an arc is generated between the sample probe and the plant sample to be tested, and then the arc action excites the components in the plant tissue of the plant sample to be tested to form a charged aerosol. Charged aerosol refers to a colloidal system formed by solid or liquid charged particles dispersed in a gas. The charged aerosol is generated based on the components of the plant tissue in the detection area, that is, the plant tissue undergoes decomposition and ionization under the high temperature and high energy generated by the arc generator to form charged particles. The charged particles are dispersed in the protective gas to form charged aerosol. In specific implementation, when the arc generator generates an arc between the detection area and the sample probe, the high temperature generated by the arc will cause the macromolecules (such as proteins, polysaccharides, etc.) in the plant tissue to decompose into small molecules. At the same time, some substances will be ionized to form ions or tiny particles with positive charges. Under the action of the protective gas flow, the charged particles form charged aerosols, which are then transported by the protective gas to the subsequent mass spectrometry detection equipment.

[0074] For example, the server can control the activation of a gas generator to introduce a protective gas into the detection area, allowing the protective gas to flow between the plant sample to be detected and the sample probe to form a protective atmosphere. After the protective atmosphere is formed, the server can activate an arc generator to energize the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected, causing a discharge between the sample probe and the plant sample to generate an arc. The arc ionizes the protective gas, thereby generating a charged aerosol between the detection area and the sample probe.

[0075] In step 206 , the charged aerosol is transported to a mass spectrometry detection device via a protective gas, so that the charged aerosol is subjected to mass spectrometry analysis by the mass spectrometry detection device to obtain mass spectrometry detection results corresponding to the components of the plant tissue in the plant sample to be detected.

[0076] Mass spectrometry is an instrument used to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of components in charged aerosols. It ionizes sample molecules into charged ions, then separates and detects them based on their mass-to-charge ratio (mass to charge ratio), thereby generating a mass spectrum of the components in the plant tissue corresponding to the charged aerosol. The mass spectrum can be used to determine the relative content and structural information of the various components in the plant tissue. In practice, the mass spectrometry can be implemented using existing detection equipment. The specific structure and operating process of the mass spectrometry are well known in the art and are not detailed here.

[0077] Mass spectrometry is the process of analyzing the components of plant tissue in charged aerosols using mass spectrometry equipment. By measuring parameters such as the mass-to-charge ratio and relative abundance of charged particles, information such as the chemical composition and molecular structure of plant tissue can be determined. Mass spectrometry results are obtained after mass spectrometry equipment analyzes charged aerosols. These results can be presented as mass spectrograms or other data formats. They contain relevant information about the components of the plant tissue in the plant sample being tested, such as the type, mass, and relative content of various components. By analyzing these results, the chemical composition of the plant sample can be understood.

[0078] For example, the server can control the flow of a gas generator to control the flow of a shielding gas to transport the charged aerosol to a mass spectrometry device. Once the shielding gas carries the charged aerosol into the mass spectrometry device, the server can control the mass spectrometry device to perform mass spectrometry analysis on the charged aerosol, obtaining mass spectrometry results corresponding to the components of the plant tissue in the plant sample to be tested, thereby accurately identifying and analyzing the components of the plant sample.

[0079] In an optional embodiment, the horizontal spacing distance and vertical spacing distance between the plant sample to be detected and the sampling port of the mass spectrometry detection device can be determined according to specific detection requirements to ensure that the protective gas can stably and accurately transport the charged aerosol to the mass spectrometry detection device. For example, the horizontal spacing distance between the plant sample to be detected and the sampling port of the mass spectrometry detection device can range from 0.5 mm to 40 mm, specifically 0.5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 400 mm, or any value between these values; the vertical spacing distance between the plant sample to be detected and the sampling port of the mass spectrometry detection device can range from 5 mm to 30 mm, specifically 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, or any value between these values.

[0080] In the above-mentioned mass spectrometry detection method for plant tissue components, a sample probe and a plant sample to be detected are determined, and the sample probe is controlled to be placed in a detection area of the plant sample to be detected; a protective gas is introduced into the detection area, and the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected are electrically connected to an arc generator to control the arc generator to generate charged aerosol between the detection area and the sample probe under the action of the protective gas; the charged aerosol is generated based on the components of the plant tissue in the detection area; the charged aerosol is transported to a mass spectrometry detection device by the protective gas, so that the charged aerosol is subjected to mass spectrometry analysis by the mass spectrometry detection device to obtain mass spectrometry detection results corresponding to the components of the plant tissue in the plant sample to be detected; by connecting the sample probe and the plant sample to the arc generator, the sample probe and the plant sample are discharged when the arc generator is energized, so that charged aerosol can be quickly generated based on the highly aqueous electrolyte characteristics of the protective gas and the plant sample, and then the charged aerosol is quickly transported to the mass spectrometry detection device by the protective gas for mass spectrometry analysis, which can avoid ion loss and changes in chemical composition caused by long-distance transmission of the charged aerosol, and is conducive to improving the accuracy of mass spectrometry detection.

[0081] Furthermore, since the plant sample to be tested is placed at a position close to the sampling port of the mass spectrometry detection equipment, the generated charged aerosol can be quickly transported to the mass spectrometry detection equipment through the sampling port, and the power of the charged aerosol comes from the protective gas. There is no need to set up an additional Venturi pump and long-distance transportation management, which can realize in-situ and real-time detection of the components of plant tissues, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of detection.

[0082] In one embodiment, electrically connecting a sample probe and a plant sample to be detected to an arc generator, and controlling the sample probe to be placed in a detection area of the plant sample to be detected, comprises:

[0083] The plant sample is connected to the first output end of the arc generator to form a first electrode; the sample probe is connected to the second output end of the arc generator to form a second electrode; the first electrode and the second electrode are used to generate arc plasma acting on the plant sample when the arc generator is energized to generate charged aerosol; a detection area is determined on the plant sample to be detected, and the sample probe is controlled to move to the detection area.

[0084] The first electrode is formed by connecting the plant sample to be tested to the first output terminal of the arc generator. The plant sample to be tested inherently has a certain degree of conductivity (or is rendered conductive through certain treatments). When connected to the first output terminal of the arc generator, the plant sample to be tested becomes an electrode for the arc generator to discharge. During the discharge process, the plant sample to be tested participates in arc generation as the first electrode, and the components in the plant tissue of the plant sample to be tested can be decomposed and ionized under the high temperature of the arc. The first output terminal of the arc generator can be a positive output terminal or a negative output terminal. The second electrode is formed by connecting the sample probe to the second output terminal of the arc generator. Because the sample probe is made of a material with a certain degree of conductivity and mechanical strength, when the sample probe is connected to the second output terminal of the arc generator, it becomes another electrode for the arc generator to discharge. During the discharge process, the second electrode and the first electrode work together to form an electric field, allowing the arc to burn stably between the two. In contrast to the first output terminal of the arc generator, when the first output terminal is a positive output terminal, the second output terminal is a negative output terminal; when the first output terminal is a negative output terminal, the second output terminal is a positive output terminal, so as to form a discharge loop.

[0085] Arc plasma refers to a high-temperature, high-energy state of matter composed of ionized gases. When the arc generator is energized, an electric field is generated between the first electrode (the plant sample to be tested) and the second electrode (the sample probe), causing the protective gas between the two electrodes to be ionized, forming a large number of free electrons, ions, and neutral particles. These particles mix together to form arc plasma. In specific implementation, due to the high temperature of the arc plasma, when the discharge arc plasma acts on the detection area, it can cause the components in the plant tissue in the detection area to undergo physical and chemical changes such as decomposition, gasification, and ionization, thereby generating charged aerosols. At the same time, in order to avoid the high temperature of the arc plasma from damaging the plant sample, the arc plasma can be cooled by continuously introducing a protective gas during the generation of the charged aerosol. On the one hand, it can prevent the plant sample from being burned by high temperature. On the other hand, it can also allow the components desorbed from the plant tissue to form charged aerosols under the action of the airflow of the protective gas.

[0086] For example, a plant sample can be connected to the first output of an arc generator to form a first electrode, and a sample probe can be connected to the second output of the arc generator to form a second electrode. Subsequently, after determining a detection area on the plant sample to be tested, the server can control the sample probe to move to the detection area.

[0087] In an optional embodiment, a detection area can be determined on the plant sample to be tested based on the analysis requirements. For example, it can be determined based on the experience of the experimenter, that is, a detection area can be manually determined on the plant sample to be tested for component analysis. It can also be determined based on model recognition, that is, by constructing a recognition model to parse the analysis requirements to determine a suitable plant tissue or part on the plant sample to be tested as the detection area.

[0088] In an optional embodiment, when controlling the sample probe to move to the detection area, the interval distance between the sample probe and the detection area can range from 0.1 cm to 6 cm, specifically 0.1 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm or any value in between. By changing the distance between the sample probe and the detection area, the length of the arc can be controlled, so that the voltage and current between the first electrode and the second electrode change, thereby achieving arc temperature control, which is beneficial to controlling the temperature of the arc plasma.

[0089] In this embodiment, by directly electrically connecting the plant sample to be tested and the sample probe to the two output ends of the arc generator to form two electrodes of the arc generator, arc plasma can be stably generated between the plant sample to be tested and the sample probe. In addition, using the plant sample to be tested as one of the electrodes is conducive to simplifying the entire detection process and facilitating the control of the detection process.

[0090] In one embodiment, determining a detection area on a plant sample to be detected includes at least one of the following:

[0091] determining a test area on the epidermal tissue of the plant sample to be tested;

[0092] The sample probe is controlled to cut the epidermal tissue of the plant sample to be tested so as to expose the inner tissue of the plant sample to be tested, and a detection area is determined on the inner tissue.

[0093] Epidermal tissue refers to the protective layer of tissue on the surface of a plant sample, typically composed of one or several layers of tightly packed cells. Inner tissue refers to the various tissues located within the plant epidermal tissue. The inner tissue can be exposed by cutting the epidermal tissue to determine the detection area. In practice, the detection area can be determined on the epidermal tissue, or on the inner tissue exposed by cutting the epidermal tissue, depending on the analysis requirements. This facilitates analysis of the composition of different tissues in the plant sample.

[0094] Exemplarily, the detection area can be determined on the epidermal tissue or the inner tissue of the plant sample to be detected according to the analysis requirements. When determining the detection area on the epidermal tissue, the entire epidermal tissue can be determined as the detection area, or a part of the epidermal tissue can be determined as the detection area. In specific implementation, for example, the server can use image recognition to determine the detection area on the epidermal tissue according to the analysis requirements, so that the determined detection area can match the analysis requirements and improve the accuracy of the analysis results. When determining the detection area on the inner tissue, the server can control the sample probe (such as a scalpel) to move toward the plant sample to be detected to cut the epidermal tissue to a certain depth, so that the inner tissue of the plant sample to be detected is exposed. Subsequently, the server can also use image recognition to determine the detection area on the inner tissue according to the analysis requirements.

[0095] In this embodiment, different methods are used to determine the detection area for different plant tissues on the plant sample, so that the components in the plant tissues of the plant sample can be analyzed in a targeted manner, which is conducive to improving the accuracy and targeting of the detection and providing a more reliable basis for plant research, detection, etc.

[0096] In one embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, a protective gas is introduced into the detection area, and the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected are electrically connected to the arc generator, so as to control the arc generator to generate charged aerosol between the detection area and the sample probe under the action of the protective gas, including steps 302 to 308; wherein:

[0097] Step 302 : Passing a protective gas into the detection area along the axis direction of the sample probe, and controlling the arc generator to be electrically connected to the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected and the arc generator.

[0098] For example, the server can identify the axis direction of the sample probe, for example, by using image recognition, feature matching, or other methods to determine the axis direction of the sample probe. The server can then control the nozzle of the gas generator to introduce protective gas into the detection area along the axis direction of the sample probe. Finally, the server can control the arc generator to electrically connect the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected.

[0099] In some optional embodiments, the shielding gas may include an inert gas, such as nitrogen, helium, argon, etc. The flow rate of the inert gas may range from 50 mL / min to 800 mL / min, and may specifically be 50 mL / min, 200 mL / min, 500 mL / min, 800 mL / min, or any value therebetween, to ensure a stable airflow environment in the detection area, effectively protecting the detection process from external interference while meeting the requirements of material transfer and temperature reduction.

[0100] Step 304 : Control the arc generator to form an electric field between the detection area and the sample probe according to the discharge parameters, and ionize the shielding gas through the electric field to form arc plasma.

[0101] Among them, the discharge parameters refer to the control parameters required for the arc generator to discharge. The discharge parameters may include but are not limited to at least one of the discharge frequency, discharge voltage and discharge power. The discharge frequency refers to the number of times the arc generator generates arc discharge per unit time. Different discharge frequencies are suitable for different types of plant samples and detection requirements. By reasonably selecting the discharge frequency, the detection process can be optimized. The discharge voltage refers to the voltage applied between the sample probe and the detection area of the plant sample to be detected, which is used to trigger the arc discharge. The appropriate discharge voltage can ensure that the electric field strength is large enough to effectively ionize the protective gas and form a stable arc plasma. The discharge power refers to the electrical energy consumed by the arc generator during the discharge process. The discharge power is proportional to the discharge voltage. The discharge power can determine the energy of the arc plasma. A larger discharge power can provide more energy, so that the arc plasma has a stronger desorption ability and can more effectively desorb components in the plant tissue.

[0102] An electric field is a field that exists around an electric charge, and it has a strong effect on the charges placed therein. Under the action of the arc generator, an electric field is formed between the sample probe and the detection area of the plant sample to be tested, which ionizes the protective gas, causing the atoms or molecules in the protective gas to lose or gain electrons, forming positively or negatively charged ions. Positive and negative ions can accelerate under the action of the electric field force, collide with each other, and then trigger arc discharge to form arc plasma. In specific implementation, the arc can be used to induce plasma-based electrospray ionization on the tissue surface, which can cause the atoms or molecules in the protective gas to lose electrons to form positive ions. When the arc generator forms an electric field between the detection area and the sample probe according to the discharge parameters, the electric field ionizes the protective gas and generates arc plasma. The arc plasma can act on the plant tissue in the detection area, desorb the components of the plant tissue, and provide a material basis for the subsequent generation of charged aerosols.

[0103] For example, the server can adjust the discharge parameters of the arc generator according to the control instructions to control the arc generator to discharge according to the discharge frequency, discharge voltage and discharge power, forming an electric field between the detection area and the sample probe. The electric field can exert electricity on the protective gas, causing the atoms or molecules in the protective gas to lose or gain electrons to form arc plasma.

[0104] In one exemplary embodiment, since the discharge frequency affects the stability and energy characteristics of the arc plasma, a higher discharge frequency can make the arc plasma more stable and the energy distribution more uniform, which is beneficial for improving the efficiency and accuracy of plant tissue component desorption. In a specific implementation, the discharge frequency can range from 10 kHz to 100 kHz, specifically 10 kHz, 25 kHz, 50 kHz, 100 kHz, or any value in between. Since the discharge voltage also affects the energy and temperature of the arc plasma, excessively high or low discharge voltages can cause arc discharge instability or failure to form properly, thereby affecting the desorption effect of plant tissue components. In a specific implementation, the discharge voltage can range from 5 kV to 40 kV, specifically 5 kV, 10 kV, 20 kV, 40 kV, or any value in between. Excessively high discharge power can cause the arc plasma temperature to be too high, damaging plant tissue components while also increasing energy consumption and equipment burden. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably control the discharge power according to actual conditions to optimize the detection process while ensuring the desorption effect. In a specific implementation, the discharge power is proportional to the discharge voltage, and the range of the discharge power does not exceed 1000W, and can be 500W, 600W, 1000W, or any value in between. By controlling the discharge parameters, a stable electric field can be generated between the sample probe and the plant sample, thereby controlling the temperature of the generated arc plasma. In a specific implementation, the temperature of the arc plasma does not exceed 100°C, and can be 60°C, 75°C, 100°C, or any value in between, to avoid adverse changes such as decomposition and denaturation of the components of the plant tissue due to high temperature during the desorption process, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the test results and better reflecting the original composition information of the plant tissue.

[0105] Step 306 , controlling the arc plasma to desorb components of the plant tissue in the detection area, and cooling the components of the plant tissue under the action of the protective gas to form charged aerosol.

[0106] Desorption refers to the process by which substances adsorbed on the surface of a solid, liquid, or gas are detached from the adsorption surface due to external factors and return to the gas, liquid, or other solid phase. This is the reverse process of adsorption. Specifically, particles in the arc plasma impact the components of plant tissue in the detection area, detaching the components from the plant sample and forming charged particles. These particles, further enhanced by the protective gas, generate charged aerosols.

[0107] For example, the server can continuously control the gas generator to introduce protective gas into the detection area to control the arc plasma to move and impact the plant tissue under the action of the protective gas flow, so that the components of the plant tissue are separated, and the components of the plant tissue are cooled under the action of the protective gas to form charged aerosol.

[0108] In this embodiment, by precisely controlling the arc generator to create an electric field between the detection area and the sample probe, the shielding gas is ionized to form an arc plasma, which efficiently and effectively desorbs components from the plant tissue in the detection area, providing a rich sample material foundation for subsequent analysis. Furthermore, by flowing shielding gas into the detection area, the desorbed components can be promptly cooled after the arc plasma desorbs the plant tissue components, preventing them from being damaged or decomposed by high temperatures, ensuring the stability and integrity of the components and guaranteeing the accuracy of the test results.

[0109] In one embodiment, the mass spectrometry detection method for plant tissue components further comprises:

[0110] An untreated plant sample is determined, and if the untreated plant sample does not meet the detection conditions, a conductive solution is sprayed on the untreated plant sample to obtain a plant sample to be detected.

[0111] Among them, untreated plant samples refer to plant samples that are directly collected from the whole plant or a specific part and have not yet undergone any processing or treatment for the purpose of detection (such as conventional pretreatment operations such as cleaning, drying, grinding, and chemical reagent soaking). In specific implementation, the untreated plant samples can be fresh plant samples, dry plant samples, or frozen plant samples. It is only necessary that these plant samples are not processed before detection to ensure the accuracy of the test results. In some embodiments, if the plant sample is a fresh plant sample, preferably, the detection and analysis can be performed within 12 hours after the plant sample is separated from the plant body to ensure the activity of the plant sample and the accuracy of the test results. The detection condition refers to the humidity condition of the untreated plant sample. If the humidity of the untreated plant sample (such as a dry plant sample) is low, the conductivity of the untreated plant sample is low and it cannot cooperate with the sample probe to generate an arc. At this time, the untreated plant sample does not meet the detection condition.

[0112] A conductive solution is a solution capable of conducting an electric current. It consists of a solvent (usually water) and a solute (electrolyte). The electrolyte dissociates into freely mobile ions in the solvent, making the solution conductive. In practice, the conductive solution can be implemented using solutions such as purified water or deionized water. Spraying the untreated plant sample with the conductive solution can, on the one hand, improve the sample's conductivity. When the arc generator is energized, the ions in the conductive solution can interact with the sample probe to generate a charge, thereby forming an arc plasma. This improves current conduction and treatment efficiency. On the other hand, the conductive solution can also affect the surface structure and component distribution of the plant sample, helping to alter the sample's physical and chemical properties and make it more suitable for subsequent testing and analysis. For example, the conductive solution may slightly alter the cellular structure on the plant sample's surface, making it easier for internal components to be desorbed. Typically, if the untreated plant sample is a dry sample, the surface of the dry sample is sprayed with the conductive solution to enhance its conductivity, ensuring the stable generation of charged aerosols and desorption of active components from the plant sample for analysis.

[0113] For example, the server can obtain the humidity of the untreated plant sample and determine whether the current humidity of the untreated plant sample meets the detection conditions. If the detection conditions are not met, the server can control a spray nozzle to spray the surface of the untreated plant sample with a conductive solution to moisten the untreated plant sample. In other embodiments, the humidity of the untreated plant sample can also be determined empirically, as long as it is ensured that after spraying, the plant sample and the sample probe can stably generate arc plasma.

[0114] In this embodiment, the detectability of the untreated plant sample is judged based on the detection conditions. If the untreated plant sample does not meet the detection conditions, the conductivity of the untreated plant sample is increased by spraying a conductive solution to ensure the stable generation of charged aerosols and desorption of the effective components in the plant sample, thereby improving the reliability of detection and analysis.

[0115] In an application example, using Figure 1The mass spectrometry detection system for plant tissue components shown in the figure analyzes the components of tobacco leaf samples. The mass spectrometry detection equipment uses an LCQ Fleet mass spectrometer, and tobacco leaf samples from different regions are selected without any treatment and used directly for detection. The tobacco leaf sample is placed on a carrier, and the end of the scalpel away from the arc generator (the tip of the scalpel) is controlled to be 1.3 cm away from the epidermal tissue of the tobacco leaf sample. Nitrogen gas is introduced into the tobacco leaf sample along the tip of the scalpel at a flow rate of 200 mL / min. The arc generator is started and controlled to stably generate an arc (the specific control parameters can be adjusted as needed) to form an arc plasma. At the same time, the arc plasma is cooled by nitrogen to stabilize the temperature of the arc plasma at 70°C to generate a charged aerosol of the epidermal tissue of the tobacco leaf sample. Then, after turning off the arc generator, the epidermal tissue of the tobacco leaf sample is cut with a scalpel, and the above steps are repeated to generate a charged aerosol of the inner tissue of the tobacco leaf sample. By adjusting the distance between the arc and the tobacco leaf sample, it is ensured that the charged aerosol can be effectively generated and enter the mass spectrometer for online analysis.

[0116] like Figure 4 Shown is the mass spectrum obtained from analyzing the components of a tobacco leaf sample in this application example. Figure 4 A is the component analysis result of fresh tobacco leaf samples. Figure 4 The presence of ingredients such as 2-Methylindole, Nornicotine, Cotinine, Pyridine, and Nicotine were detected in A. Figure 4 BE is for people from Danjiangkou, Hubei ( Figure 4 B), Tunchang, Hainan ( Figure 4 C), Danzhou, Hainan ( Figure 4 D) and Deyang, Sichuan ( Figure 4 E) Composition analysis results of tobacco leaf samples from four regions. Figure 4 B identified pyridine, 2-methylindole, anatabine, nicotine, and cotinine; Figure 4C identified 1-penten-3-one, phenol, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, maltol, 2-methylindole, 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, safranal, nicotine, and dihydroactinidiolide; Figure 4 Pyridine, 2-methylindole, anatabine, nicotine, and cotinine were identified in D. Figure 4 Phenol, benzyl alcohol, 2-methylindole, 3-Ethyl-4-methyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione, nicotine, anatabine and nicotine were identified in E.

[0117] The above analysis results show that fresh tobacco leaves contain fewer chemical components than flue-cured leaves, but the curing process significantly enhances the flavor of the leaves. Specifically, flue-cured tobacco leaves from Danjiangkou, Hubei, and Danzhou, Hainan, contain fewer chemical components than flue-cured tobacco leaves from Tunchang, Hainan, and Deyang, Sichuan.

[0118] In an application example, using Figure 1 The plant tissue component mass spectrometry detection system shown in the figure analyzed the components of 16 different varieties of tobacco leaf samples. The mass spectrometry detection equipment used an LCQ Fleet mass spectrometer. From the 16 different varieties of tobacco leaf samples grown, the tenderest 4th or 5th leaf (from top to bottom) of each plant was selected and used directly for testing without any treatment. The tip of the scalpel was 1.1 cm away from the tobacco leaf sample, and argon gas was introduced at a flow rate of 176 mL / min to stabilize the arc plasma temperature at 64°C. The specific operation process can be found in the records in the above example and will not be repeated here.

[0119] like Figures 5-7 The following is the mass spectrum obtained by analyzing the components of 16 tobacco samples in this application example. Figure 5Pyridine, 2-Methylindole, Myosmine, Anatabine, Nicotine, and Cotinine were identified in T2( Figure 5 Pyridine, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-methylindole, myosmine, nornicotine, anatabine, nicotine, and cotinine were identified in T3( Figure 5 Pyridine, 2-methylindole, anatabine, myosmine, nicotine, cotinine, cytisine, and nornicotine were identified in T4( Figure 5 Pyridine, 2-methylindole, anatabine, nicotine, and cotinine were identified in T5( Figure 5 Pyridine, 2-methylindole, Myosmine, Nornicotine, Nicotine, Cotinine, and Cytisine were identified in T6( Figure 5 F) were identified as pyridine, 2-methylindole, myosmine, nornicotine, anatabine, nicotine, cotinine, and cytisine. T7( Figure 6 A) 4-hydroxypyridine, phenylacetaldehyde, myosmine, and nicotine were identified. T8( Figure 6Pyridine, 2-Methylindole, Myosmine, Nornicotine, Anatabine, Nicotine, and Cotinine were identified in T9( Figure 6 C) 2-Methylindole, Nornicotine, Anatabine, and Nicotine were identified. Figure 6 Pyridine, 2-Methylindole, Myosmine, Anatabine, and Nicotine were identified in T11( Figure 6 Pyridine, 2-methylindole and nicotine were identified in T12 (E). Figure 6 Anatabine and Nicotine were identified in T13 (F). Figure 7 Pyridine, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-methylindole, nornicotine, and nicotine were identified in T14 ( Figure 7 Pyridine, 2-Methylindole, Myosmine, Anatabine, Nicotine, and Cotinine were identified in B). Figure 7 Pyridine, 2-methylindole, anatabine, nicotine, and cotinine were identified in C). Figure 7 D) Pyridine, 2-methylindole, anatabine, nicotine, and cotinine were identified.

[0120] According to the above analysis results, the chemical components of different varieties are different, indicating that the method of this embodiment has the ability to detect the chemical components of different tobacco sample varieties.

[0121] In an application example, using Figure 1 The mass spectrometry system for analyzing plant tissue components was used to analyze polymethoxylated flavonoids in orange peel, orange pulp, and tangerine peel. The mass spectrometry was performed using an LCQ Fleet mass spectrometer. Untreated orange peel, orange pulp, and tangerine peel were used directly for analysis. The tip of a scalpel was held 1.1 cm from the orange peel, orange pulp, and tangerine peel samples. Nitrogen gas was introduced at a flow rate of 200 mL / min, maintaining the arc plasma temperature at a stable 75°C. The detailed operation procedure can be found in the examples above and is not detailed here.

[0122] like Figure 8 The following is the mass spectrum of polymethoxylated flavonoids in orange peel, orange pulp and tangerine peel obtained in this application example. Figure 8 Orange peel ( Figure 8 A) contains significant amounts of polymethoxyflavones, such as tetramethoxyflavone, pentamethoxyflavone, hexamethoxyflavone, and heptamethoxyflavone. Figure 8 B) and citrus peel ( Figure 8 Polymethoxylated flavonoids were hardly detected in C).

[0123] In an application example, using Figure 1 The plant tissue composition mass spectrometry system shown here analyzes caffeine in young and mature tea leaves. The mass spectrometry equipment uses an LCQ Fleet mass spectrometer, and samples of young and mature tea leaves are tested. The tip of a scalpel is held 1.2 cm from the young and mature tea leaves. Argon gas is introduced at a flow rate of 200 mL / min, maintaining a stable arc plasma temperature of 72°C. The detailed operation procedure is described in the previous example and is not detailed here.

[0124] like Figure 9 The following are the mass spectra obtained from the analysis of caffeine in young tea leaves and mature tea leaves in this application example. Figure 9 A) Significant caffeine signal (m / z 195.1) and catechin signal (m / z 291.0) were detected by secondary mass spectrometry ( Figure 9 B) further confirmed the caffeine content of the sample. In contrast, mature tea leaves ( Figure 9C) has an extremely low caffeine content. This indicates that this method can not only quickly and effectively identify the caffeine content in tea, but also reveal the scientific basis for tea growers to selectively pick young tea leaves, providing precise scientific guidance for the tea picking process and helping to improve the control and management of tea quality.

[0125] In an application example, using Figure 1 The plant tissue composition mass spectrometry system shown in the figure was used to analyze potassium nitrate residues on the surface and at different depths of lettuce. The mass spectrometry equipment used was an LCQ Fleet mass spectrometer. The lettuce was sliced and analyzed directly without any treatment. The scalpel tip was held 1.1 cm from the lettuce sample. Helium gas was introduced at a flow rate of 150 mL / min, maintaining a stable arc plasma temperature of 83°C. The detailed operation process can be found in the description of the above example and is not detailed here.

[0126] like Figure 10 The following are the mass spectra obtained by analyzing potassium nitrate residues on the surface and at different depths of lettuce in this application example. Figure 10 A shows that the detection effect of potassium nitrate residue on the surface of lettuce is significant, and the presence of potassium nitrate can be clearly identified. Figure 10 B and Figure 10 C further showed that it also performed well in analyzing potassium nitrate residues at different depths in lettuce, and a clear potassium nitrate aggregation peak ([nKNO3+K] + , n = 1 to 16). As the cutting depth increases, the content of potassium nitrate shows a trend of gradually decreasing, and the distribution of potassium nitrate in the middle area of the lettuce is more uniform. In order to exclude the possibility that potassium nitrate exists in the plant tissue itself, artificially grown natural lettuce was selected for testing. Figure 10 D It can be seen that no potassium nitrate residue was found in natural lettuce.

[0127] In an application example, using Figure 1 The mass spectrometry detection system for plant tissue components was used in negative ion mode to analyze potato peels, potato pulp, lotus root peels, and lotus root internal tissue. In positive ion mode, taro peels, taro pulp, ginger peels, ginger internal tissue, sweet potato peels, sweet potato internal tissue, orange peels, and orange pulp were analyzed. The mass spectrometry detection equipment used was an LCQ Fleet mass spectrometer. Untreated potato, lotus root, taro, ginger, sweet potato, and orange samples were directly used for testing. The scalpel tip was held 1.2 cm from the plant sample, and argon gas was introduced at a flow rate of 180 mL / min to stabilize the arc plasma temperature at 75°C. The specific operating procedures can be found in the examples above and are not detailed here.

[0128] like Figure 11The following are the mass spectra obtained from the analysis of potato, lotus root, taro, ginger, sweet potato, and orange samples in this application example. Figure 11 A), potato pulp ( Figure 11 B) of potassium nitrate residues; in positive ion mode, taro peel ( Figure 11 C) and taro pulp ( Figure 11 D) of potassium nitrate residue; in negative ion mode, lotus root peel ( Figure 11 E) and lotus root pulp ( Figure 11 F) Potassium nitrate residue. Figure 11 A to 11F present the results of the analysis of potatoes, lotus roots, and taro using this method. Figure 11 As shown in Figures A to 11F, the arc scalpel ionization mass spectrometry technique can effectively detect the presence of potassium nitrate, and a clear potassium nitrate aggregation peak ([nKNO3+K] + , n=1~16).

[0129] like Figure 12 The figure shows the application example of ginger peel ( Figure 12 A), ginger pulp ( Figure 12 B) Sweet potato peels ( Figure 12 C) Sweet potato pulp ( Figure 12 D) Orange pulp and peel ( Figure 12 E) and orange pulp ( Figure 12 F) is the result of analyzing the potassium nitrate residue in the mixture. Figure 12 As shown in Figures A to 12F, the detection of potassium nitrate residues in ginger, sweet potato, and orange is highly effective, clearly identifying the presence of potassium nitrate. This result demonstrates the high sensitivity and reliability of chemical component detection in complex matrices.

[0130] In an application example, using Figure 1 The mass spectrometry system for analyzing plant tissue components was used to analyze phospholipids in peanuts and black beans. The mass spectrometry was performed using an LCQ Fleet mass spectrometer. Peanuts and black beans were placed directly on the sample carrier without any treatment. The tip of a scalpel was then gently touched to the surface of the plant tissue. The scalpel tip was held 1.2 cm from the plant sample. Helium was introduced at a flow rate of 250 mL / min, maintaining a stable arc plasma temperature of 60°C. The detailed operation procedure can be found in the examples above and is not detailed here.

[0131] like Figure 13 Figure 2 shows the mass spectra of phospholipids in peanuts and black beans analyzed in positive ion mode for this application example. Figure 13 A-13B shows the analysis of peanut skins using this method ( Figure 13 A) and kernels ( Figure 13B) results. Figure 13 As shown in Figures A and 13B, arc scalpel ionization mass spectrometry has a good response to phospholipid compounds (PC) and can clearly detect a series of PCs, such as [PC 26:6+H] + 、[PC 35:6+H] + 、[PC 43:7+H] + 、[PC 44:0+H] + In contrast, peanut kernels have fewer mass spectrometry peaks than peanut skins, which may be the reason why peanut skins are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Figure 13 C shows the analysis results of black beans, indicating that the arc intelligent scalpel ionization mass spectrometry technology can clearly detect a series of PCs, such as [PC 24:3+H] + 、[PC 26:6+H] + 、[PC 33:6+H] + 、[PC 35:6+H] + 、[PC 36:6+H] + 、[PC 37:6+H] + 、[PC 45:7+H] + 、[PC 46:6+H] + 、[PC 47:6+H] + 、[PC 49:6+H] + These results provide a direct and effective method for the detection of phosphatidylcholine in black beans.

[0132] It should be understood that, although the various steps in the flowcharts involved in the various embodiments described above are displayed in sequence according to the instructions of the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in sequence in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in the flowcharts involved in the various embodiments described above can include multiple steps or multiple stages, and these steps or stages are not necessarily executed and completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and the execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily to be carried out in sequence, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of steps or stages in other steps.

[0133] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present application also provide a mass spectrometry detection device for plant tissue components for implementing the aforementioned mass spectrometry detection method for plant tissue components. The solution to the problem provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the aforementioned method. Therefore, the specific limitations of the embodiments of the mass spectrometry detection device for one or more plant tissue components provided below can be found in the above-mentioned limitations of the mass spectrometry detection method for plant tissue components and will not be repeated here.

[0134] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 14 As shown, a mass spectrometry detection device for plant tissue components is provided, comprising: an electrode determination and control module 1402, an aerosol generation control module 1404, and a component detection and analysis module 1406, wherein:

[0135] The electrode determination and control module 1402 is used to determine the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected, and control the sample probe to be placed in the detection area of the plant sample to be detected;

[0136] an aerosol generation control module 1404 for introducing a shielding gas into the detection area and electrically connecting the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected to an arc generator, thereby controlling the arc generator to generate a charged aerosol between the detection area and the sample probe under the action of the shielding gas; the charged aerosol is generated based on the composition of the plant tissue in the detection area;

[0137] The component detection and analysis module 1406 is used to transport the charged aerosol to the mass spectrometry detection equipment through the protective gas, so that the mass spectrometry detection equipment performs mass spectrometry analysis on the charged aerosol to obtain mass spectrometry detection results corresponding to the components of the plant tissue in the plant sample to be detected.

[0138] In an optional embodiment, the electrode determination and control module 1402 is also used to connect the plant sample to the first output end of the arc generator to form a first electrode; connect the sample probe to the second output end of the arc generator to form a second electrode; the first electrode and the second electrode are used to generate arc plasma acting on the plant sample when the arc generator is energized to generate charged aerosol; determine the detection area on the plant sample to be detected, and control the sample probe to move to the detection area.

[0139] In an optional embodiment, the electrode determination and control module 1402 is also used to determine the detection area on the epidermal tissue of the plant sample to be detected; or to control the sample probe to cut the epidermal tissue of the plant sample to be detected to expose the inner tissue of the plant sample to be detected, and determine the detection area on the inner tissue.

[0140] In an optional embodiment, when the electrode determination and control module 1402 controls the sample probe to move to the detection area, the interval distance between the sample probe and the detection area ranges from 0.1 cm to 6 cm.

[0141] In an optional embodiment, the aerosol generation control module 1404 is also used to pass the protective gas into the detection area along the axial direction of the sample probe; and control the arc generator to be electrically connected to the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected; control the arc generator to form an electric field between the detection area and the sample probe according to the discharge parameters, and ionize the protective gas through the electric field to form an arc plasma; control the arc plasma to desorb the components of the plant tissue in the detection area, and cool the components of the plant tissue under the action of the protective gas to form a charged aerosol.

[0142] In an optional embodiment, when the aerosol generation control module 1404 controls the generation of charged aerosol, the protective gas includes an inert gas, and the flow rate of the inert gas ranges from 50 mL / min to 800 mL / min; the temperature of the arc plasma does not exceed 100°C; the discharge parameters include at least one of the discharge frequency, discharge voltage and discharge power, the discharge frequency ranges from 10 kHz to 100 kHz, the discharge voltage ranges from 5 kV to 40 kV, the discharge power is proportional to the discharge voltage, and the discharge power range does not exceed 1000 W.

[0143] In an optional embodiment, the horizontal spacing distance between the plant sample to be detected and the sampling port of the mass spectrometry detection device ranges from 0.5 mm to 40 mm, and the vertical spacing distance between the plant sample to be detected and the sampling port of the mass spectrometry detection device ranges from 5 mm to 30 mm.

[0144] In an optional embodiment, the mass spectrometry detection device for plant tissue further includes a sample preprocessing module for determining an untreated plant sample. If the untreated plant sample does not meet the detection conditions, a conductive solution is sprayed on the untreated plant sample to obtain a plant sample to be detected.

[0145] Each module in the aforementioned plant tissue mass spectrometry detection device can be implemented in whole or in part through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Each module can be embedded in or independent of a processor in a computer device in the form of hardware, or can be stored in a computer device memory in the form of software, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0146] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the mass spectrometry detection method of plant tissue of each embodiment when executing the computer program.

[0147] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the mass spectrometry detection method of plant tissue of each embodiment is implemented.

[0148] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program, which implements the mass spectrometry detection method of plant tissue according to various embodiments when executed by a processor.

[0149] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0150] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, database or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one of non-volatile memory and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The database involved in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, distributed databases based on blockchains. The processor involved in the various embodiments provided herein may be, but are not limited to, a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a programmable logic unit (PLC), a data processing logic unit based on quantum computing, an artificial intelligence (AI) processor, and the like.

[0151] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0152] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A mass spectrometry method for detecting plant tissue components, characterized in that: The method comprises: Determining a sample probe and a plant sample to be detected, and controlling the sample probe to be placed in a detection area of the plant sample to be detected; A protective gas is introduced into the detection area, and the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected are electrically connected to an arc generator, so that the arc generator is controlled to generate a charged aerosol between the detection area and the sample probe under the action of the protective gas; the charged aerosol is generated based on the composition of the plant tissue in the detection area; The charged aerosol is transported to a mass spectrometry detection device through the protective gas, so that the charged aerosol is subjected to mass spectrometry analysis by the mass spectrometry detection device to obtain mass spectrometry detection results corresponding to the components of the plant tissue in the plant sample to be detected.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of determining a sample probe and a plant sample to be detected, and controlling the sample probe to be placed in a detection area of the plant sample to be detected, includes: connecting the plant sample to a first output terminal of an arc generator to form a first electrode; The sample probe is connected to the second output end of the arc generator to form a second electrode; the first electrode and the second electrode are used to generate arc plasma acting on the plant sample when the arc generator is powered on to generate charged aerosol; A detection area is determined on the plant sample to be detected, and the sample probe is controlled to move to the detection area.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Determining a detection area on the plant sample to be detected includes at least one of the following: determining a detection area on the epidermal tissue of the plant sample to be detected; The sample probe is controlled to cut the epidermal tissue of the plant sample to be detected to expose the inner tissue of the plant sample to be detected, and a detection area is determined on the inner tissue.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that When controlling the sample probe to move to the detection area, the interval distance between the sample probe and the detection area ranges from 0.1 cm to 6 cm.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The method of introducing a protective gas into the detection area and electrically connecting the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected to an arc generator so as to control the arc generator to generate a charged aerosol between the detection area and the sample probe under the action of the protective gas comprises: Passing a protective gas into the detection area along the axis direction of the sample probe; and controlling the arc generator to be electrically connected to the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected; controlling the arc generator to form an electric field between the detection area and the sample probe according to discharge parameters, and ionizing the shielding gas through the electric field to form arc plasma; The arc plasma is controlled to desorb components of the plant tissue in the detection area, and the components of the plant tissue are cooled under the action of the protective gas to form charged aerosol.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The protective gas includes an inert gas, and the flow rate of the inert gas ranges from 50 mL / min to 800 mL / min; The temperature of the arc plasma does not exceed 100°C; The discharge parameters include at least one of a discharge frequency, a discharge voltage, and a discharge power. The discharge frequency has a value range of 10kHz to 100kHz, the discharge voltage has a value range of 5kV to 40kV, the discharge power is proportional to the discharge voltage, and the discharge power has a value range of no more than 1000W.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The horizontal spacing distance between the plant sample to be detected and the sampling port of the mass spectrometry detection device ranges from 0.5 mm to 40 mm, and the vertical spacing distance between the plant sample to be detected and the sampling port of the mass spectrometry detection device ranges from 5 mm to 30 mm.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The method further comprises: An untreated plant sample is determined, and when the untreated plant sample does not meet the detection condition, a conductive solution is sprayed on the untreated plant sample to obtain a plant sample to be detected.

9. A mass spectrometry detection device for plant tissue, characterized in that: The device comprises: an electrode determination and control module, configured to determine a sample probe and a plant sample to be detected, and control the sample probe to be placed in a detection area of the plant sample to be detected; an aerosol generation control module, configured to introduce a protective gas into the detection area and electrically connect the sample probe and the plant sample to be detected to an arc generator, thereby controlling the arc generator to generate a charged aerosol between the detection area and the sample probe under the action of the protective gas; the charged aerosol is generated based on the composition of the plant tissue in the detection area; The component detection and analysis module is used to transport the charged aerosol to the mass spectrometry detection equipment through the protective gas, so that the mass spectrometry detection equipment performs mass spectrometry analysis on the charged aerosol to obtain mass spectrometry detection results corresponding to the components of the plant tissue in the plant sample to be detected.

10. A mass spectrometry detection system for plant tissue, characterized in that: The system comprises: A carrier, used for carrying plant samples to be tested; Sample probe; a gas generator, used for introducing protective gas into the plant sample to be tested; An arc generator having a first output end and a second output end, wherein the first output end is electrically connected to the plant sample to be tested, and the second output end is electrically connected to the sample probe, wherein the arc generator generates a charged aerosol between the plant sample to be tested and the sample probe based on the protective gas; the charged aerosol is generated based on components of plant tissue in the plant sample to be tested; A mass spectrometry detection device is arranged on one side of the carrier, and is used to perform mass spectrometry analysis on the charged aerosol, obtain mass spectrometry data of the charged aerosol, and generate mass spectrometry detection results of the components of the plant tissue based on the mass spectrometry data; the charged aerosol is transported to the mass spectrometry detection device through the protective gas.

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