Crayfish-macrobrachium rosenbergii-rice-edible amaranth crop rotation symbiotic breeding planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive planting and breeding of crayfishes, rice and vegetables, in particular to a crop rotation symbiotic breeding and planting method of crayfishes, macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and edible amaranth. Comprising the following steps: S1, transforming a rice field structure, digging an annular ditch, increasing the height of a ridge, and reinforcing the ridge; s2, putting crayfish seedlings into the rice field at the end of February, draining water, cleaning the field and harvesting at the end of April; s3, macrobrachium rosenbergii seeds are put in early May, a first batch of adult shrimps are caught for sale in mid-to-late July, and remaining shrimps are caught for sale before the end of October; s4, late rice planting is conducted at the end of July, the planting time is three months, and after remaining shrimps are caught before the end of October, the late rice is harvested and sold; s5, sowing shepherd's purse in the field at the beginning of November, and harvesting at the beginning of February in the next year; according to the crayfish-macrobrachium rosenbergii-rice-edible amaranth crop rotation symbiotic breeding and planting method provided by the invention, through the measures of reasonable crop rotation, scientific breeding and the like, the dependence on traditional agricultural pesticides and chemical fertilizers is reduced, and the quality and market competitiveness of bred products are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of integrated shrimp, rice and vegetable cultivation, and in particular to a method for symbiotic cultivation of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and amaranth in a rotational symbiotic cultivation manner. Background Art

[0002] In today's society, with the improvement of people's living standards and the pursuit of healthy diet, ecological farming has gradually become a new trend in agricultural development. As major aquaculture products in aquaculture, Procambarus clarkii (commonly known as crayfish) and Macrobrachium rosenbergii, with their unique farming methods and symbiotic technology, have brought the concept of ecological agriculture to the extreme. By realizing the rotation of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and crops on the same land, not only the land utilization rate is improved, but also the grain output is guaranteed. This model can effectively guarantee the country's food supply, reduce dependence on external markets, and thus enhance our ability to resist fluctuations in the international food market.

[0003] However, the current international situation is rather complex. The outbreak of conflicts around the world has led to a sharp rise in international food prices. The amount of food reserves has become one of the factors determining the future development direction of a country. This has undoubtedly brought tremendous pressure to the global food supply, and food has become increasingly important. However, the existing agricultural production and planting efficiency is low, the production and planting costs are high, and there is also a lack of professional agricultural production knowledge, resulting in problems such as excessive pesticide residues and heavy metals in aquaculture products and crops, seriously affecting consumers' food safety. Therefore, how to use an ecological planting and scientific management production model to carry out the "crayfish-Macrobrachium rosenbergii-rice-amaranth" farming has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently. Through an ecological and scientific farming model, the quality and market competitiveness of aquaculture products can be improved, the potential of green food grade can be enhanced, and the economic benefits of farmers can be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the background technology and provide a method and device for the symbiotic cultivation of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and amaranth. Through reasonable rotation and scientific breeding measures, the dependence on traditional agricultural pesticides and fertilizers is reduced, so that the quality and market competitiveness of the breeding products are improved.

[0005] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for symbiotic cultivation of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice, and amaranth in crop rotation comprises the following steps: S1. Rice field reconstruction: Reconstruct the rice field structure by digging circular ditches, increasing the height of the ridges and reinforcing them, and installing escape prevention nets around the ridges and at the inlets and outlets; S2, crayfish farming: crayfish fry are released into rice paddies at the end of February, the paddies are cleared of water at the end of April, and the crayfish are harvested and sold; S3. Macrobrachium rosenbergii farming: Standardized, coarse fry are released in early May, and the first batch of adult prawns are harvested and sold in mid-to-late July. The remaining prawns that have not reached marketable size are temporarily raised in the ditches surrounding the rice fields. They are then introduced back into the rice fields for continued farming half a month after the late rice planting. The remaining prawns are harvested and sold before the end of October. S4. Late rice planting: Late rice planting is carried out at the end of July and the planting period is three months. After the remaining shrimps are harvested before the end of October, the late rice is harvested and sold; S5. Planting of shepherd's purse: sow shepherd's purse in the field in early November and harvest in early February of the following year, completing the entire "crayfish-Macrobrachium rosenbergii-rice-amaranth" rotation symbiotic breeding and planting model.

[0006] Preferably, the step S1 of rice field transformation further comprises the following steps: S11. Disinfection of the paddy field: Use quicklime to disinfect the paddy field about 15 days before the shrimp seedlings are released to kill pathogenic microorganisms at the bottom of the paddy field and prevent disease disasters. S12, water quality control, after disinfection is completed, the paddy field is filled with water to 60-100cm, the water quality is adjusted to pH 7.0-8.5, and the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite is controlled; S13. Place oxygen enrichment equipment in the water to ensure that the dissolved oxygen content in the water is not less than 4.5 mg / L; S14. Planting of aquatic plants: Sow appropriate amount of aquatic plant seeds into the field to provide a hiding place for shrimps. The area of ​​aquatic plant planting shall not exceed 50% of the breeding field.

[0007] Preferably, the step S2 of cultivating crayfish further comprises the following steps: S21. Select healthy, vigorous crayfish seedlings with a body length of about 3-5 cm and stock them at a density of 3,000 per mu. S22. Bait is released once in the morning and evening every day. The amount of bait released is adjusted according to the growth cycle and feeding habits of crayfish. S23. Water quality and disease monitoring: regularly test water quality, monitor pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and other indicators to ensure healthy water quality, and regularly observe the activity of crayfish. If any abnormality is found, isolate and handle it in time to prevent disease outbreaks.

[0008] Preferably, the step S3 of cultivating Macrobrachium rosenbergii further comprises the following steps: S31. Disinfection before stocking: After the crayfish are caught and sold, use quicklime to thoroughly disinfect the bottom of the rice paddies and aeration equipment, then store water and adjust the water quality; S32: Stocking of Macrobrachium rosenbergii fry: Select standard coarse Macrobrachium rosenbergii fry with a body length of 4-5 cm and a weight of about 250-300 per jin, and stock at a density of 6,000-8,000 per mu; S33. Feeding management: feed Macrobrachium rosenbergii once in the morning and once in the evening, and regularly monitor water quality and disease conditions; S34, the first batch of fishing, the first batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii was caught in mid-to-late July, accounting for about 60% of the total catch, with an output size of 15-20 pieces per jin; S35. Symbiotic farming: The remaining shrimps that do not meet the market specifications are moved into the ring ditch for temporary breeding. They are introduced into the rice field for symbiotic farming half a month after the late rice is planted. The remaining shrimps are harvested before the end of October, with an output size of 10-15 shrimps per jin.

[0009] Preferably, the step S4 of late rice planting further comprises the following steps: S41. Soil improvement: After the transfer of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is completed in mid-to-late July, apply an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer and adjust the pH with lime to improve soil fertility. Level the paddy field before planting. S42, rice seedling planting, planting begins at the end of July, select high-quality late rice varieties, transplant the seedlings into the paddy field after raising them, and after half a month, fill the water and move the remaining shrimp in the ring ditch into the paddy field; S43. Rice harvesting. The late rice planting cycle is three months. The remaining shrimps will be caught before the end of October and the rice will be harvested and sold.

[0010] Preferably, the step S5 of planting shepherd's purse further comprises the following steps: S51. Soil conditioning: After rice harvesting, the paddy field is shallowly plowed to a depth of 5 cm, and organic fertilizer is applied to the paddy field, along with appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers to adjust the soil pH. S52, shepherd's purse planting, selecting shepherd's purse seeds with high yield, disease resistance, and cold resistance, soaking and germinating the seeds, and sowing them at 20 kg / hectare in early November, and applying appropriate topdressing during the growth process to promote the growth and development of shepherd's purse; S53. Harvesting shepherd's purse: Cover with straw or build an arch shed to prevent frost before the winter cold wave, and harvest and sell the shepherd's purse in early February of the following year.

[0011] Preferably, a crayfish-Macrobrachium rosenbergii-rice-amaranth rotation symbiotic breeding and planting device comprises a breeding field, wherein the breeding field comprises an outer annular deep ditch and an inner shallow water planting area, the depth of the annular deep ditch is deeper than the shallow water planting area, and a floating island feeding platform is also provided at the center of the shallow water planting area for feeding bait to the shrimps. The floating island feeding platform can be controlled to move freely within the breeding field.

[0012] Preferably, an anti-escape net is provided on the outer side of the annular deep ditch near the ridge, and a 30 cm high anti-digging plate is provided on the side close to the anti-escape net. Several aerators are also provided at the bottom of the annular deep ditch to regulate the dissolved oxygen content in the water.

[0013] Preferably, the floating island feeding platform includes a bait box, a delivery pipe, a delivery pump and a feed port. The delivery pipe is arranged above the bait box, and the delivery pump is fixedly installed on the delivery pipe. The feed port is arranged at the top of the bait box for the bait to enter the interior of the bait box. The bait box is also provided with a photovoltaic panel for powering the energy storage battery of the floating island feeding platform.

[0014] Preferably, a drainage system and a water quality monitoring system are also provided in the breeding field, the drainage system includes a drainage pump and a drainage pipe, the drainage pump is arranged at the bottom of the annular deep ditch, one end of the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage pump, and the other end extends to the outside of the breeding field; the water quality monitoring system includes a water quality monitor, a signal line and a data display screen, the water quality monitor is arranged in the water body of the breeding field, the data display screen is arranged outside the breeding field, and the water quality monitor and the data display screen are connected by the signal line.

[0015] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for symbiotic aquaculture of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice, and amaranth in a rotational pattern. The "crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice, and amaranth" rotation pattern combines the cultivation and breeding of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice, and mustard greens. Crayfish are cultured in the spring, Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the summer, rice is planted in the autumn, and mustard greens are planted in the winter. This method significantly improves land utilization and economic benefits through the rational use of land and water resources, while achieving ecologically friendly aquaculture and sustainable development. 2. The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for the symbiotic cultivation of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice, and amaranth in a rotational pattern. This novel rice-shrimp-vegetable rotation model fully utilizes land and water resources. The activities of the crayfish and Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the water can help loosen the soil, increase soil fertility, and promote rice growth. It also helps promote green planting and aquaculture techniques, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, conserve soil and water resources, protect the ecological environment, and achieve sustainable development. 3. The method and device for the symbiotic cultivation of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and amaranth in a rotational pattern described in the present invention can bring considerable income increases to farmers through this new rotation model. By utilizing diversified operations, market risks can be significantly dispersed, bringing relatively stable returns to farmers. At the same time, it can also provide local employment opportunities, promote the development of the rural economy and improve the living standards of farmers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the "crayfish-Macrobrachium rosenbergii-rice-amaranth" rotation model of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the breeding field of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the floating island feeding platform of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the annular deep water ditch structure of the present invention.

[0017] Markings in the figure: 1-breeding field, 11-annular deep ditch, 12-shallow water planting area, 13-anti-escape net, 14-anti-digging board, 15-aerator, 2-floating island feeding platform, 21-bait box, 22-dispensing pipe, 23-dispensing pump, 24-feeding port, 25-photovoltaic panel, 3-drainage system, 31-drainage pump, 32-drainage pipe, 4-water quality monitoring system, 41-water quality monitor, 42-signal line, 43-data display screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not limitations of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the embodiments as needed. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

[0019] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings using embodiments.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] according to Figure 1 As shown, a method for symbiotic cultivation of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and amaranth in crop rotation comprises the following steps: S1. Rice field reconstruction: Reconstruct the rice field structure by digging circular ditches, increasing the height of the ridges and reinforcing them, and installing escape prevention nets around the ridges and at the inlets and outlets; S2, crayfish farming: crayfish fry are released into rice paddies at the end of February, the paddies are cleared of water at the end of April, and the crayfish are harvested and sold; S3. Macrobrachium rosenbergii farming: Standardized, coarse prawns are released in early May, and the first batch of adult prawns are harvested and sold in mid-to-late July. The remaining prawns that do not meet market standards are temporarily raised in the ditches surrounding the rice fields. They are then introduced back into the rice fields for continued farming half a month after the late rice planting. The remaining prawns are harvested and sold before the end of October. S4. Late rice planting: Late rice planting starts at the end of July and lasts for three months. After the remaining shrimps are harvested before the end of October, the late rice is harvested and sold. S5. Planting of shepherd's purse: sow shepherd's purse in the field in early November and harvest in early February of the following year, completing the entire "crayfish-Macrobrachium rosenbergii-rice-amaranth" rotation symbiotic breeding and planting model.

[0022] Step S1: Rice field transformation also includes the following steps: S11. Disinfection of the paddy field: Use quicklime to disinfect the paddy field about 15 days before the shrimp seedlings are released to kill pathogenic microorganisms at the bottom of the paddy field and prevent disease disasters. S12, water quality control, after disinfection is completed, the paddy field is filled with 80cm of water, the water quality is adjusted to pH 7.0-8.5, and the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite is controlled; S13. Place oxygen enrichment equipment in the water to ensure that the dissolved oxygen content in the water is not less than 4.5 mg / L; S14. Planting of aquatic plants: Sow appropriate amount of aquatic plant seeds into the field to provide a hiding place for shrimps. The area of ​​aquatic plant planting shall not exceed 50% of the breeding field.

[0023] Step S2 of the crayfish farming process further includes the following steps: S21. Select crayfish seedlings: choose healthy, vigorous crayfish seedlings with a body length of about 5 cm, and stock them at a density of 3,000 per mu; S22. Bait is released once in the morning and evening every day. The amount of bait released is adjusted according to the growth cycle and feeding habits of crayfish. S23. Water quality and disease monitoring: regularly test water quality, monitor pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and other indicators to ensure healthy water quality, and regularly observe the activity of crayfish. If any abnormality is found, isolate and handle it in time to prevent disease outbreaks.

[0024] Step S3 of Macrobrachium rosenbergii farming further comprises the following steps: S31. Disinfection before stocking: After the crayfish are caught and sold, use quicklime to thoroughly disinfect the bottom of the rice paddies and aeration equipment, then store water and adjust the water quality; S32: Stocking of Macrobrachium rosenbergii fry: select Macrobrachium rosenbergii fry with a body length of 5 cm and a weight of about 300 per jin, and stock them at a density of 8,000 per mu; S33. Feeding management: feed Macrobrachium rosenbergii once in the morning and once in the evening, and regularly monitor water quality and disease conditions; S34, the first batch of fishing, the first batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii was caught in mid-to-late July, accounting for about 60% of the total catch, with an output size of 15 pieces per jin; S35. Symbiotic farming: The remaining shrimps that have not reached the market specifications are moved into the ring ditch for temporary breeding. They are introduced into the rice field for symbiotic farming half a month after the late rice is planted. The remaining shrimps are harvested before the end of October, with an output specification of 10 shrimps per kilogram.

[0025] Step S4 of late rice planting further comprises the following steps: S41. Soil improvement: After the transfer of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is completed in mid-to-late July, apply an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer and adjust the pH with lime to improve soil fertility. Level the paddy field before planting. S42, rice seedling planting, planting begins at the end of July, select high-quality late rice varieties, transplant the seedlings into the paddy field after raising them, and after half a month, fill the water and move the remaining shrimp in the ring ditch into the paddy field; S43. Rice harvesting. The late rice planting cycle is three months. The remaining shrimps will be caught before the end of October and the rice will be harvested and sold.

[0026] Step S5 of shepherd's purse planting further comprises the following steps: S51. Soil conditioning: After rice harvesting, the paddy field is shallowly plowed to a depth of 5 cm, and organic fertilizer is applied to the paddy field, along with appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers to adjust the soil pH. S52, shepherd's purse planting, selecting shepherd's purse seeds with high yield, disease resistance, and cold resistance, soaking and germinating the seeds, and sowing them at 20 kg / hectare in early November, and applying appropriate topdressing during the growth process to promote the growth and development of shepherd's purse; S53. Harvesting shepherd's purse: Cover with straw or build an arch shed to prevent frost before the winter cold wave, and harvest and sell the shepherd's purse in early February of the following year.

[0027] This embodiment adopts a "crayfish-Macrobrachium rosenbergii-rice-amaranth" rotation symbiotic model, wherein the "two shrimps" are crayfish and Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the "one rice" is late rice, and the "one vegetable" is shepherd's purse. Crayfish are cultured in spring, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is cultured in summer, rice is planted and symbiotically cultured with Macrobrachium rosenbergii in autumn, and shepherd's purse is planted in winter. Through the rational use of land and water resources, the land utilization rate is greatly improved while the economic benefits of people are improved. At the same time, this symbiotic rotation farming model realizes ecological green farming, helps to promote green planting and farming techniques, reduces the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, protects soil and water resources, protects the ecological environment, and achieves sustainable development.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] The difference from the above embodiment 1 is that according to Figure 2-Figure 4As shown, a crayfish-Macrobrachium rosenbergii-rice-amaranth rotation symbiotic breeding and planting device includes a breeding field 1, which includes an outer annular deep ditch 11 and an inner shallow water planting area 12. The depth of the annular deep ditch 11 is deeper than the shallow water planting area 12. A floating island feeding platform 2 is also provided at the center of the shallow water planting area 12 for feeding bait to the shrimp. The floating island feeding platform 2 can be controlled to move freely inside the breeding field 1; the annular deep ditch 11 of the breeding field 1 is deeper than the shallow water planting area, which can form a certain temperature difference, so that when the temperature rises, it can provide a good habitat for crayfish. At the same time, organic matter such as shrimp feces and leftover bait can be settled in the annular deep ditch 11 for more convenient discharge. When it is time to catch crayfish, the shrimp can be discharged through the drainage system. 3 can quickly lower the water level of the shallow water planting area 12 and drive crayfish into the annular deep ditch 11, which can make it more convenient to catch crayfish; the shallow water planting area 12 is mainly a field surface, which can be used as an area for crayfish and Macrobrachium rosenbergii to move and feed, and shrimp feces can also be used as fertilizer after rice planting, realizing an ecological green farming with crop rotation symbiosis. After the water in the breeding field 1 is drained in winter, shepherd's purse can be planted in the shallow water planting area 12, further improving the utilization rate of the breeding field 1; the floating island feeding platform 2 can move freely in the water body of the breeding field 1. In the process of feeding, it can avoid the bait being concentrated in one point, making the bait feeding more dispersed, avoiding the situation where some farmed shrimps cannot obtain food in time due to the concentration of food in one place, and improving the overall feeding rate.

[0030] according to Figure 3 As shown, an anti-escape net 13 is provided on the outer side of the annular deep ditch 11 near the ridge, and a 30 cm high anti-dig board 14 is also provided on one side near the anti-escape net 13. A number of aerators 15 are also provided at the bottom of the annular deep ditch 11 for adjusting the dissolved oxygen content of the water body; the design of the anti-escape net 13 can prevent crayfish from escaping from the breeding field 1. During the rice harvest period, the anti-escape net 13 can be quickly disassembled, and the anti-dig board 14 is made of high-calcium plastic board, which can well resist the gnawing of crayfish. The anti-dig board 14 can prevent crayfish from digging holes and hiding at the edge of the ridge, thereby ensuring the firmness of the ridge, and at the same time prevent harmful organisms from entering the breeding field 1 by digging holes, thereby improving the survival rate of crayfish; an aerator 15 is also provided at the bottom of the annular deep ditch 11 to oxygenate the water in the breeding field 1, ensuring that the dissolved oxygen content of the water in the breeding field 1 is always not less than 3.5 mg / L, thereby further improving the survival rate of cultured shrimp.

[0031] according to Figure 3As shown, the floating island feeding platform 2 includes a bait box 21, a delivery pipe 22, a delivery pump 23 and a feed port 24. The delivery pipe 22 is arranged above the bait box 21, and a delivery pump 23 is fixedly installed on the delivery pipe 22. The feed port 24 is arranged on the top of the bait box 21 for the bait to enter the bait box 21. The bait box 21 is also provided with a photovoltaic panel 25 for powering the energy storage battery of the floating island feeding platform 2; the bait box 21 of the floating island feeding platform 2 can be used for temporary storage of bait, and the bait is delivered into the bait box 21 through the feed port 24 at the top. The bait box 21 is provided with a delivery pump 23 connected to the delivery pipe 22. Under the action of the delivery pump 23, the bait is delivered into the breeding field 1 through the delivery pipe. At the same time, the floating island feeding platform 2 can also change its position by moving, so that the delivery of bait will not be concentrated in one position, thereby improving the feeding rate of cultured shrimp.

[0032] according to Figure 4 As shown, a drainage system 3 and a water quality monitoring system 4 are also provided in the breeding field 1. The drainage system 3 includes a drainage pump 31 and a drainage pipe 32. The drainage pump 31 is arranged at the bottom of the annular deep ditch 11. One end of the drainage pipe 32 is connected to the drainage pump 31, and the other end extends to the outside of the breeding field 1; the water quality monitoring system 4 includes a water quality monitor 41, a signal line 42 and a data display screen 43. The water quality monitor 41 is arranged in the water body of the breeding field 1, and the data display screen 43 is arranged outside the breeding field 1. The water quality monitor 41 and the data display screen 43 are connected by a signal line 42; the water quality monitoring system 4 can monitor the water quality of the water body in the breeding field 1 in real time. Including dissolved oxygen content, ammonia nitrogen content, pH value and nitrite content, etc., it can provide timely feedback on water quality problems, ensure water safety, and improve the survival rate of farmed shrimp; the drainage system 3 is set at the bottom of the annular deep ditch 11, and the water level can be quickly controlled by the operation of the drainage pump 31. When the seasons change and the crops are rotated, the water in the breeding field 1 can be quickly discharged. At the same time, when there is a problem with the water quality in the breeding field 1, the problem water can also be discharged in time, so that the problem can be quickly isolated when it is discovered, further improving the survival rate of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and rice in the breeding field 1, improving the breeding efficiency, and promoting the economic development and living standards of farmers.

Claims

1. A method for symbiotic cultivation of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and amaranth by crop rotation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Rice field reconstruction: Reconstruct the rice field structure by digging circular ditches, increasing the height of the ridges and reinforcing them, and installing escape prevention nets around the ridges and at the inlets and outlets; S2, crayfish farming: crayfish fry are released into rice paddies at the end of February, the paddies are cleared of water at the end of April, and the crayfish are harvested and sold; S3. Macrobrachium rosenbergii farming: Standardized, thick-bodied Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are released in early May, and the first batch of adult shrimp are harvested and sold in mid-to-late July. The remaining Macrobrachium rosenbergii that have not reached marketable size are temporarily raised in the ditches surrounding the rice fields. They are then introduced back into the rice fields for continued farming half a month after the late rice planting. The remaining shrimp are harvested and sold before the end of October. S4. Late rice planting: Late rice planting is carried out at the end of July and the planting period is three months. After the remaining shrimps are harvested before the end of October, the late rice is harvested and sold; S5. Planting of shepherd's purse: sow shepherd's purse in the field in early November and harvest in early February of the following year, completing the entire "crayfish-Macrobrachium rosenbergii-rice-amaranth" rotation symbiotic breeding and planting model.

2. The method for symbiotic cultivation of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and amaranth by crop rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Said step S1 of paddy field transformation further comprises the following steps: S11. Disinfection of the paddy field: Use quicklime to disinfect the paddy field about 15 days before the shrimp seedlings are released to kill pathogenic microorganisms at the bottom of the paddy field and prevent disease disasters. S12, water quality control, after disinfection is completed, the paddy field is filled with water to 60-100cm, the water quality is adjusted to pH 7.0-8.5, and the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite is controlled; S13. Place oxygen enrichment equipment in the water to ensure that the dissolved oxygen content in the water is not less than 4.5 mg / L; S14. Planting of aquatic plants: Sow appropriate amount of aquatic plant seeds into the field to provide a hiding place for shrimps. The area of ​​aquatic plant planting shall not exceed 50% of the breeding field.

3. The method for symbiotic cultivation of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and amaranth by crop rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 of crayfish farming further comprises the following steps: S21. Select healthy, vigorous crayfish seedlings with a body length of about 3-5 cm and stock them at a density of 3,000 per mu. S22. Bait is released once in the morning and evening every day. The amount of bait released is adjusted according to the growth cycle and feeding habits of crayfish. S23. Water quality and disease monitoring: regularly test water quality, monitor pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and other indicators to ensure healthy water quality, and regularly observe the activity of crayfish. If any abnormality is found, isolate and handle it in time to prevent disease outbreaks.

4. The method for symbiotic cultivation of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and amaranth by crop rotation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step S3 of cultivating Macrobrachium rosenbergii further comprises the following steps: S31. Disinfection before stocking: After the crayfish are caught and sold, use quicklime to thoroughly disinfect the bottom of the rice paddies and aeration equipment, then store water and adjust the water quality; S32: Stocking of Macrobrachium rosenbergii fry: Select standard coarse Macrobrachium rosenbergii fry with a body length of 4-5 cm and a weight of about 250-300 per jin, and stock at a density of 6,000-8,000 per mu; S33. Feeding management: feed Macrobrachium rosenbergii once in the morning and once in the evening, and regularly monitor water quality and disease conditions; S34, the first batch of fishing, the first batch of Macrobrachium rosenbergii was caught in mid-to-late July, accounting for about 60% of the total catch, with an output size of 15-20 pieces per jin; S35. Symbiotic farming: The remaining shrimps that have not reached the market specifications are moved into the ring ditch for temporary breeding. They are introduced into the rice field for symbiotic farming half a month after the late rice is planted. The remaining shrimps are harvested before the end of October, with an output size of 10-15 shrimps per jin.

5. The method for symbiotic cultivation of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and amaranth by crop rotation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S4 of late rice planting further comprises the following steps: S41. Soil improvement: After the transfer of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is completed in mid-to-late July, apply an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer and adjust the pH with lime to improve soil fertility. Level the paddy field before planting. S42, rice seedling planting, planting begins at the end of July, select high-quality late rice varieties, transplant the seedlings into the paddy field after raising them, and after half a month, fill the water and move the remaining shrimp in the ring ditch into the paddy field; S43. Rice harvesting. The late rice planting cycle is three months. The remaining shrimps will be caught before the end of October and the rice will be harvested and sold.

6. The method for symbiotic cultivation of crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and amaranth by crop rotation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S5 of planting shepherd's purse further comprises the following steps: S51. Soil conditioning: After rice harvesting, the paddy field is shallowly plowed to a depth of 5 cm, and organic fertilizer is applied to the paddy field, along with appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers to adjust the soil pH. S52, shepherd's purse planting, selecting shepherd's purse seeds with high yield, disease resistance, and cold resistance, soaking and germinating the seeds, and sowing them at 20 kg / hectare in early November, and applying appropriate topdressing during the growth process to promote the growth and development of shepherd's purse; S53. Harvesting shepherd's purse: Cover with straw or build an arch shed to prevent frost before the winter cold wave, and harvest and sell the shepherd's purse in early February of the following year.

7. A method for cultivating and planting crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice, and amaranth in a symbiotic rotational culture, characterized in that: A breeding and planting device is used, comprising a breeding field (1), wherein the breeding field (1) comprises an outer annular deep water ditch (11) and an inner shallow water planting area (12), wherein the depth of the annular deep water ditch (11) is deeper than that of the shallow water planting area (12), and a floating island feeding platform (2) is provided at the center of the shallow water planting area (12) for feeding shrimps with bait, and the floating island feeding platform (2) can be controlled to move freely within the breeding field (1).

8. The method for cultivating and planting crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and amaranth in a symbiotic rotational culture according to claim 7, characterized in that: An anti-escape net (13) is provided on the outer side of the annular deep ditch (11) near the ridge, and a 30 cm high anti-digging plate (14) is also provided on the side near the anti-escape net (13). A plurality of aerators (15) are also provided at the bottom of the annular deep ditch (11) for regulating the dissolved oxygen content of the water body.

9. The method for cultivating and planting crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and amaranth in a symbiotic rotational culture according to claim 8, characterized in that: The floating island feeding platform (2) comprises a bait box (21), a delivery pipe (22), a delivery pump (23) and a feed inlet (24); the delivery pipe (22) is arranged above the bait box (21); the delivery pump (23) is fixedly mounted on the delivery pipe (22); the feed inlet (24) is arranged at the top of the bait box (21) for allowing bait to enter the interior of the bait box (21); and a photovoltaic panel (25) is further provided on the bait box (21) for supplying power to an energy storage battery of the floating island feeding platform (2).

10. The method for cultivating and planting crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, rice and amaranth in a symbiotic rotational culture according to claim 9, characterized in that: The aquaculture field (1) is further provided with a drainage system (3) and a water quality monitoring system (4). The drainage system (3) comprises a drainage pump (31) and a drainage pipe (32). The drainage pump (31) is provided at the bottom of the annular deep ditch (11). One end of the drainage pipe (32) is connected to the drainage pump (31), and the other end extends outside the aquaculture field (1). The water quality monitoring system (4) comprises a water quality monitor (41), a signal line (42) and a data display screen (43). The water quality monitor (41) is provided in the water body of the aquaculture field (1), and the data display screen (43) is provided outside the aquaculture field (1). The water quality monitor (41) and the data display screen (43) are connected by signal through the signal line (42).

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