Low-temperature medium partition protection light alloy laser-electric arc hybrid welding device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-temperature medium partition protection light alloy laser-electric arc hybrid welding device and method, and relates to the technical field of welding. A laser-electric arc hybrid welding module is used for welding a welding structure to form a welding seam, and a welding seam protection module is connected with a first cooling source module; the first cooling source module is used for providing a first cooling source for the welding seam protection module, the welding seam protection module is used for carrying out welding following protection and cooling on a welding seam of a welding structure, the base metal protection module is connected with the second cooling source module, and the second cooling source module is used for providing a second cooling source for the base metal protection module; and the base metal protection module is used for cooling the base metal of the welding structure along with welding. The method is used for accurately controlling the cooling speed of a welding structure through welding seam-base metal partition protection, so that small-deformation welding of a light alloy large complex structure is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of welding technology, and in particular to a low-temperature medium partition protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device and method. Background Art

[0002] Laser-arc hybrid welding combines the high energy density of lasers with the low cost and high flexibility of electric arcs, achieving rapid melting and solidification and significantly improving welding speed and efficiency. It can utilize the characteristics of both lasers and arcs to compensate for the shortcomings of laser welding and arc welding. Laser-arc hybrid welding technology is widely used in industries such as automobiles and aviation. Laser-arc hybrid welding technology combines the high energy density of lasers with the stable heat source of arcs, which can improve weld quality while maintaining welding speed. Through the interaction of the two heat sources, the surface roughness of the weld can be improved, stress concentration can be reduced, and thus the fatigue strength of the weld can be improved. When using DC reverse connection, the arc can clean the weld surface and remove the oxide film before laser welding.

[0003] Laser-arc hybrid welding (LAHW) has demonstrated significant advantages for lightweight alloy materials such as aluminum and magnesium alloys, particularly in terms of increased penetration, enhanced stability, and improved welding speed and quality. However, the large range of the arc heat source and instability during LHW can easily lead to defects such as surface burns and weld spatter. Furthermore, the high heat input of LHW can easily lead to coarse weld grains, large weld deformation, and residual stress concentration. Therefore, the application of LHW in light alloy structures remains very limited. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device and method with low-temperature zoned controllable protection, which is used to accurately control the cooling rate of the weld structure through weld-base material zone protection, so as to achieve small deformation welding of large and complex light alloy structures.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: The present invention provides a low-temperature medium partitioned protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device, comprising: a control system, a laser-arc hybrid welding module, a weld protection module, a base material protection module, a first cooling source module and a second cooling source module. The laser-arc hybrid welding module, the first cooling source module and the second cooling source module are all connected to the control system. The laser-arc hybrid welding module is used to weld a welding structure to form a weld. The weld protection module is connected to the first cooling source module. The first cooling source module is used to provide a first cooling source to the weld protection module. The weld protection module is used to perform welding protection and cooling on the weld of the welding structure. The base material protection module is connected to the second cooling source module. The second cooling source module is used to provide a second cooling source to the base material protection module. The base material protection module is used to perform welding cooling on the base material of the welding structure.

[0006] Preferably, the weld protection module includes an upper weld protection module and a lower weld protection module. The upper weld protection module is used to perform welding protection and cooling on the side of the weld of the welding structure close to the laser-arc hybrid welding module, and the lower weld protection module is used to perform welding protection and cooling on the side of the weld of the welding structure away from the laser-arc hybrid welding module.

[0007] Preferably, the weld upper protection module includes two upper cooling channels, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the weld. The upper cooling channels are used to input a first cooling source. The upper cooling channels are arranged parallel to the weld. Several weld cooling nozzles are arranged on the upper cooling channels along the length direction of the upper cooling channels. The weld cooling nozzles are arranged toward the side of the weld close to the laser-arc hybrid welding module.

[0008] Preferably, the weld lower protection module includes a lower cooling channel, which is used to input a first cooling source. The lower cooling channel is arranged parallel to the weld, and the lower cooling channel corresponds to a side of the weld away from the laser-arc hybrid welding module.

[0009] Preferably, the first cooling source module includes a first protective gas storage module and a protective gas cooling module, the first protective gas storage module is used to store the first protective gas, one end of the first delivery pipe of the first protective gas storage module is connected to the first protective gas storage module, the first delivery pipe passes through the protective gas cooling module, the protective gas cooling module is used to cool the first protective gas in the first delivery pipe, and the weld protection module is connected to the other end of the first delivery pipe.

[0010] Preferably, there are at least two base material protection modules, and the two base material protection modules are respectively used to perform welding cooling on a side of the base material close to the laser-arc hybrid welding module and a side of the base material away from the laser-arc hybrid welding module. The base material protection module includes two base material protection components, and the two base material protection components are respectively located on both sides of the weld of the welding structure. Each base material protection component includes a base material cooling channel, and the base material cooling channel is used to input a second cooling source. A plurality of base material cooling nozzles are provided on the base material cooling channel, and the base material cooling nozzles are arranged toward the base material of the welding structure.

[0011] Preferably, the cooling rate of the first cooling source is greater than the cooling rate of the second cooling source.

[0012] Preferably, the second cooling source module includes a second protective gas storage module and a cooling particle storage module, the second protective gas storage module is used to store the second protective gas, and the cooling particle storage module is used to store cooling particles. One end of the second conveying pipe of the second protective gas storage module is connected to the second protective gas storage module, and a section of the third conveying pipe of the cooling particle storage module is connected to the cooling particle storage module, and the other end of the second conveying pipe and the other end of the third conveying pipe are both connected to the base material protection module.

[0013] Preferably, the laser-arc hybrid welding module includes a laser welding module and an arc welding module. The welding gun of the arc welding module is located on one side of the laser welding head of the laser welding module. A temperature monitoring module is also provided on the laser welding head. The laser welding head has a built-in camera. The laser welding module, the arc welding module, the temperature monitoring module and the camera are all connected to the control system.

[0014] The present invention provides a welding method using the low-temperature medium partition protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Input the material grade of the welding structure, the thickness of the area to be welded, the type of arc welding wire and the diameter of the welding wire into the control system; Step 2: The control system feeds back the welding parameters of the laser-arc hybrid welding module according to the input welding structure material grade and the thickness of the area to be welded; Step 3: Based on the welding parameters of the laser-arc hybrid welding module, the control system calculates the heat input and predicts the peak temperature of the welding pool. Based on the requirements of the molten pool temperature gradient, it provides feedback on the flow rate of the first cooling source and the flow rate of the second cooling source; Step 4: The control system starts the first cooling source module and the second cooling source module. The first cooling source module provides the first cooling source to the weld protection module to perform cooling protection in the area to be welded. The second cooling source module provides the second cooling source to the base material protection module to perform cooling in the base material area. Step 5: The control system starts the laser-arc hybrid welding module to implement laser-arc hybrid welding.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects: The present invention uses a weld protection module to protect and cool the weld of the welded structure during welding, and a base material protection module to cool the base material of the welded structure during welding, thereby solving the problems of a large range of action of the arc heat source, instability of the welding process, and deformation caused by high heat input in laser-arc hybrid welding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a low-temperature medium zoned protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the upper weld protection module in some embodiments of the present invention ( Figure 1 AA section view); Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the weld bottom protection module and the base material protection module in some embodiments of the present invention ( Figure 1 BB cross-sectional view); In the figure: 1. Control system; 21. Laser; 22. Laser welding head; 23. Temperature monitoring module; 24. Camera; 25. Arc welding machine; 26. Welding wire; 27. Welding gun; 31. First protective gas storage module; 32. First delivery pipe; 33. Protective gas cooling module; 34. Liquid nitrogen; 35. First protective gas diversion module; 36. Diversion pipe; 41. Upper input port; 42. Upper diversion module; 43. Upper cooling channel; 44. Weld cooling nozzle; 51. Cooling particle storage module; 52. Third delivery pipe; 53. Second protective gas storage module; 54. Second delivery pipe; 55. Mixing pump; 56. Delivery main pipe; 61. Lower input port; 62. Lower drainage module; 63. Lower cooling channel; 64. Parent material cooling input port; 65. Parent material cooling drainage module; 66. Parent material cooling diversion module; 67. Parent material cooling nozzle; 7. Welded structure; 71. Weld seam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device and method with low-temperature zoned controllable protection, which is used to accurately control the cooling rate of the weld structure through weld-base material zone protection, so as to achieve small deformation welding of large and complex light alloy structures.

[0020] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a low-temperature medium partitioned protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device, including: a control system 1, a laser-arc hybrid welding module, a weld protection module, a base material protection module, a first cooling source module and a second cooling source module. The laser-arc hybrid welding module, the first cooling source module and the second cooling source module are all connected to the control system 1. The laser-arc hybrid welding module is used to weld the welding structure 7 to form a weld 71. The weld protection module is connected to the first cooling source module. The first cooling source module is used to provide a first cooling source to the weld protection module. The weld protection module is used to protect and cool the weld of the welding structure 7 during welding. The base material protection module is connected to the second cooling source module. The second cooling source module is used to provide a second cooling source to the base material protection module. The base material protection module is used to cool the base material of the welding structure 7 during welding. In this embodiment, the weld protection module is used to protect and cool the weld of the welding structure 7 during welding, and the base material protection module is used to cool the base material of the welding structure 7 during welding, thereby solving the problems of a large range of action of the arc heat source, instability of the welding process, and deformation caused by high heat input in laser-arc hybrid welding.

[0022] In some embodiments, the weld protection module includes an upper weld protection module and a lower weld protection module. The upper weld protection module is used to perform welding protection and cooling on the side of the weld 71 of the welding structure 7 close to the laser-arc hybrid welding module, and the lower weld protection module is used to perform welding protection and cooling on the side of the weld 71 of the welding structure 7 away from the laser-arc hybrid welding module.

[0023] In some embodiments, the weld upper protection module includes an upper input port 41, an upper diversion module 42 and two upper cooling channels 43. The upper input port 41 is used to input a first cooling source. The upper input port 41 is connected to the two upper cooling channels 43 through the upper diversion module 42. The two upper cooling channels 43 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the weld 71 with the center of the weld 71 as the center line. The upper cooling channel 43 is arranged parallel to the weld 71. Several weld cooling nozzles 44 are arranged on the upper cooling channel 43 along the length direction of the upper cooling channel 43. The weld cooling nozzle 44 is funnel-shaped and is arranged toward the side of the weld 71 close to the laser-arc hybrid welding module. The cooling source of the first cooling source module is input from the upper input port 41, and after being diverted by the upper diversion module 42, it enters the two upper cooling channels 43 respectively, and then is sprayed out by the weld cooling nozzle 44 of the upper cooling channel 43 to protect and cool the side of the weld 71 close to the laser-arc hybrid welding module.

[0024] In some embodiments, the weld lower protection module includes a lower input port 61, a lower drainage module 62, and a lower cooling channel 63 connected in sequence. The lower input port 61 is used to input a first cooling source. The lower cooling channel 63 is arranged parallel to the weld 71. The lower cooling channel 63 corresponds to the position of the side of the weld 71 away from the laser-arc hybrid welding module. The lower cooling channel 63 can also be provided with a plurality of weld cooling nozzles 44 along the length of the lower cooling channel 63. The weld cooling nozzles 44 are funnel-shaped and are arranged toward the side of the weld 71 away from the laser-arc hybrid welding module. The cooling source of the first cooling source module is input from the lower input port 61, passes through the lower drainage module 62, enters the lower cooling channel 63, and is then ejected by the weld cooling nozzles 44 of the lower cooling channel 63 to provide welding protection and cooling to the side of the weld 71 away from the laser-arc hybrid welding module.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first cooling source module includes a first protective gas storage module 31 and a protective gas cooling module 33. The first protective gas storage module 31 is used to store the first protective gas, which is argon. One end of the first delivery pipe 32 of the first protective gas storage module 31 is connected to the first protective gas storage module 31, and the first delivery pipe 32 passes through the protective gas cooling module 33. Liquid nitrogen 34 is provided in the protective gas cooling module 33. The protective gas cooling module 33 is used to cool the first protective gas in the first delivery pipe 32. The first protective gas diversion module 35 is connected to the other end of the first delivery pipe 32. The first protective gas diversion module 35 is connected to the control system 1. After the first protective gas in the first delivery pipe 32 is cooled, it is diverted to each diversion pipe 36 at the first protective gas diversion module 35, and respectively passes into the two upper cooling channels 43 of the upper weld protection module and the lower cooling channel 63 of the lower weld protection module, thereby realizing welding protection and cooling during welding.

[0026] When the weld protection module is used to perform welding protection and cooling on the weld 71, the argon gas in the first shielding gas storage module 31 enters the first delivery pipe 32. The first delivery pipe 32 is located in the shielding gas cooling module 33. The argon gas in the first delivery pipe 32 is cooled by the liquid nitrogen 34 in the shielding gas cooling module 33 to achieve non-contact cooling. The cooled argon gas is diverted through the first shielding gas diversion module 35. The first shielding gas diversion module 35 is provided with an output valve. The cooled argon gas is transported to the two upper cooling channels 43 of the upper weld protection module through a diversion pipe 36, and the side of the weld 71 close to the laser-arc composite welding module is protected and cooled during welding. The cooled argon gas is transported to the lower cooling channel 63 of the lower weld protection module through another diversion pipe 36, and the side of the weld 71 away from the laser-arc composite welding module is protected and cooled during welding.

[0027] In some embodiments, there are at least two base material protection modules, and the two base material protection modules are respectively used to cool the side of the base material close to the laser-arc hybrid welding module and the side of the base material away from the laser-arc hybrid welding module during welding. The base material protection module includes a base material cooling input port 64, a base material cooling drainage module 65, a base material cooling shunt module 66 and two base material protection components. The base material cooling input port 64, the base material cooling drainage module 65, the base material cooling shunt module 66 and the base material protection components are connected in sequence, and the two base material protection components are centered at the weld 71. The center lines are located on both sides of the weld 71 of the welding structure 7, and each base material protection component includes a base material cooling channel. The base material cooling channel is used to input a second cooling source. A plurality of base material cooling nozzles 67 are provided on the base material cooling channel. The plurality of base material cooling nozzles 67 are evenly distributed at positions corresponding to the base material area. For example, the plurality of base material cooling nozzles 67 are distributed in a honeycomb shape. The base material cooling nozzles 67 are arranged toward the base material of the welding structure 7, which can effectively avoid the accumulation of unvaporized dry ice particles at the end of the base material cooling channel, thereby achieving uniform cooling of the base material area of ​​the welding structure 7.

[0028] In some embodiments, the cooling rate of the first cooling source is greater than the cooling rate of the second cooling source.

[0029] In some embodiments, the second cooling source module includes a second protective gas storage module 53 and a cooling particle storage module 51. The second protective gas storage module 53 is used to store a second protective gas, which is argon gas. The cooling particle storage module 51 is used to store cooling particles. The cooling particle storage module 51 is preferably a granular dry ice machine for producing granular dry ice, and the cooling particles are dry ice. One end of the second delivery pipe 54 of the second protective gas storage module 53 is connected to the second protective gas storage module 53, and a section of the third delivery pipe 52 of the cooling particle storage module 51 is connected to the cooling particle storage module 51. The other end of the second delivery pipe 54 and the other end of the third delivery pipe 52 are both connected to the mixing pump 55. The mixing pump 55 is connected to the base material cooling channel through the delivery main pipe 56, and the mixing pump 55 is connected to the control system 1.

[0030] When the base material protection module is used to cool the base material during welding, the argon gas in the second shielding gas storage module 53 enters the second delivery pipe 54, and the cooling particles in the cooling particle storage module 51 enter the third delivery pipe 52. The second delivery pipe 54 and the third delivery pipe 52 are both connected to the mixing pump 55. The second shielding gas and the cooling particles are mixed at the mixing pump 55 and then transported through the delivery manifold 56 to the base material cooling flow channel of the base material protection assembly of the base material protection module. The base material is sprayed onto the base material through the base material cooling nozzle 67 to cool the base material during welding. The number of base material protection modules can be selected according to actual needs. Cooling during welding can be performed on one side of the base material, or on both sides of the base material.

[0031] In some embodiments, the laser-arc hybrid welding module includes a laser welding module and an arc welding module. The laser welding module includes a laser 21 and a laser welding head 22. The laser 21 and the laser welding head 22 are connected. The arc welding module includes an arc welder 25, a welding wire 26 and a welding gun 27 connected in sequence. The welding gun 27 is located on one side of the laser welding head 22. A temperature monitoring module 23 is also provided on the laser welding head 22. The temperature monitoring module 23 is preferably a temperature sensor. There are preferably two temperature monitoring modules 23. The two temperature monitoring modules 23 are respectively located on both sides of the laser welding head 22 along the direction of the weld 71. The laser welding head 22 has a built-in camera 24. The camera 24 is preferably a coaxial CCD camera. The laser welding module, the arc welding module, the temperature monitoring module 23 and the camera 24 are all connected to the control system 1. In this embodiment, the temperature monitoring module 23 is used to monitor the temperature field distribution characteristics of the welding process, and the camera 24 is used to coaxially monitor the molten pool morphology of the welding process. The temperature monitoring module 23 and the camera 24 form a visual-temperature feedback device. The temperature monitoring module 23 transmits data to the control system 1, and the camera 24 transmits the image to the control system 1. According to the data transmitted by the temperature monitoring module 23 and the image transmitted by the camera 24, the temperature gradient required for the weld grain size is calculated according to the molten pool size and the temperature peak, and the gas flow in the first protective gas diversion module 35 and the dry ice content in the mixing pump 55 are fed back to achieve real-time control of the temperature gradient of the welding process, effectively avoiding the problems of coarse weld grains and stress concentration.

[0032] The protection temperature of the upper weld protection module of this embodiment is about -80°C, and the protection temperature of the lower weld protection module and the base material protection module is about -10°C. The upper weld protection module, the lower weld protection module and the base material protection module are kept at a constant low temperature by passing flowing gas.

[0033] This embodiment utilizes a weld protection module for concurrently protecting and cooling the weld of the welded structure 7, and a base material protection module for concurrently cooling the base material of the welded structure 7. This addresses the issues of a large arc heat source range, welding process instability, and deformation caused by high heat input in laser-arc hybrid welding. This embodiment utilizes an upper weld protection module to compress the arc and prevent surface thermal burns. The weld protection module and base material protection module are capable of controlling welding deformation. This embodiment utilizes data transmitted by the temperature monitoring module 23 and images transmitted by the camera 24 to provide feedback on the gas flow rate in the first shielding gas diversion module 35 and the dry ice content in the mixing pump 55, enabling real-time control of the temperature gradient during the welding process and effectively avoiding the problems of coarse grains and stress concentration in the weld 71.

[0034] Example 2 This embodiment provides a welding method using the low-temperature medium partition protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device of embodiment 1, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Turn on the power of the laser 21 and the arc welder 25 through the control system 1, simultaneously turn on the temperature monitoring module 23 and the camera 24, install the welding wire 26 reel, adjust the position of the laser welding head 22, the position of the welding gun 27, the dry stickout length of the welding wire 26, and the wire spacing (the wire spacing refers to the lateral distance between the laser beam and the axis of the arc welding wire 26); input the material grade of the welding structure 7, the thickness of the area to be welded, the model of the arc welding wire 26, and the diameter of the welding wire 26 into the control system 1; Step 2: The control system 1 feeds back the welding parameters of the laser-arc hybrid welding module according to the input material grade of the welding structure 7 and the thickness of the area to be welded; Step 3: Based on the welding parameters of the laser-arc hybrid welding module, the control system 1 calculates the heat input and predicts the peak temperature of the welding pool. Based on the required temperature gradient of the welding pool, it provides feedback on the gas flow rate in the first shielding gas diversion module 35 and the dry ice content in the mixing pump 55. Step 4: The control system 1 starts the first cooling source module, the second cooling source module, the first shielding gas diversion module 35 and the mixing pump 55. The first cooling source module provides the first cooling source to the weld protection module to provide cooling protection in the area to be welded. The second cooling source module provides the second cooling source to the base material protection module to provide cooling in the base material area. Step 5: The control system 1 starts the laser-arc hybrid welding module to implement laser-arc hybrid welding.

[0035] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. Low-temperature medium partition protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device, characterized by: include: A control system, a laser-arc hybrid welding module, a weld protection module, a base material protection module, a first cooling source module and a second cooling source module. The laser-arc hybrid welding module, the first cooling source module and the second cooling source module are all connected to the control system. The laser-arc hybrid welding module is used to weld the welding structure to form a weld. The weld protection module is connected to the first cooling source module. The first cooling source module is used to provide a first cooling source to the weld protection module. The weld protection module is used to perform welding protection and cooling on the weld of the welding structure. The base material protection module is connected to the second cooling source module. The second cooling source module is used to provide a second cooling source to the base material protection module. The base material protection module is used to perform welding cooling on the base material of the welding structure.

2. The low-temperature medium partitioned protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The weld protection module includes an upper weld protection module and a lower weld protection module. The upper weld protection module is used to perform welding protection and cooling on the side of the weld of the welding structure close to the laser-arc hybrid welding module, and the lower weld protection module is used to perform welding protection and cooling on the side of the weld of the welding structure away from the laser-arc hybrid welding module.

3. The low-temperature medium zone protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The weld upper protection module includes two upper cooling channels, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the weld. The upper cooling channels are used to input a first cooling source. The upper cooling channels are arranged parallel to the weld. Several weld cooling nozzles are arranged on the upper cooling channels along the length direction of the upper cooling channels. The weld cooling nozzles are arranged toward the side of the weld close to the laser-arc hybrid welding module.

4. The low-temperature medium zone protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The weld lower protection module includes a lower cooling channel, which is used to input a first cooling source. The lower cooling channel is arranged parallel to the weld and corresponds to a side of the weld away from the laser-arc hybrid welding module.

5. The low-temperature medium zoned protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first cooling source module includes a first protective gas storage module and a protective gas cooling module. The first protective gas storage module is used to store the first protective gas. One end of the first delivery pipe of the first protective gas storage module is connected to the first protective gas storage module. The first delivery pipe passes through the protective gas cooling module. The protective gas cooling module is used to cool the first protective gas in the first delivery pipe. The weld protection module is connected to the other end of the first delivery pipe.

6. The low-temperature medium zone protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: There are at least two base material protection modules, and the two base material protection modules are respectively used to perform welding cooling on a side of the base material close to the laser-arc hybrid welding module and a side of the base material away from the laser-arc hybrid welding module. The base material protection module includes two base material protection components, and the two base material protection components are respectively located on both sides of the weld of the welding structure. Each base material protection component includes a base material cooling channel, and the base material cooling channel is used to input a second cooling source. A plurality of base material cooling nozzles are arranged on the base material cooling channel, and the base material cooling nozzles are arranged toward the base material of the welding structure.

7. The low-temperature medium zoned protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cooling rate of the first cooling source is greater than the cooling rate of the second cooling source.

8. The low-temperature medium zoned protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The second cooling source module includes a second protective gas storage module and a cooling particle storage module. The second protective gas storage module is used to store a second protective gas, and the cooling particle storage module is used to store cooling particles. One end of the second conveying pipe of the second protective gas storage module is connected to the second protective gas storage module, and a section of the third conveying pipe of the cooling particle storage module is connected to the cooling particle storage module. The other end of the second conveying pipe and the other end of the third conveying pipe are both connected to the base material protection module.

9. The low-temperature medium zoned protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser-arc hybrid welding module includes a laser welding module and an arc welding module. The welding gun of the arc welding module is located on one side of the laser welding head of the laser welding module. A temperature monitoring module is also provided on the laser welding head. The laser welding head has a built-in camera. The laser welding module, the arc welding module, the temperature monitoring module and the camera are all connected to the control system.

10. A welding method using the low-temperature medium zone protection light alloy laser-arc hybrid welding device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Input the material grade of the welding structure, the thickness of the area to be welded, the type of arc welding wire and the diameter of the welding wire into the control system; Step 2: The control system feeds back the welding parameters of the laser-arc hybrid welding module according to the input welding structure material grade and the thickness of the area to be welded; Step 3: Based on the welding parameters of the laser-arc hybrid welding module, the control system calculates the heat input and predicts the peak temperature of the welding pool. Based on the requirements of the molten pool temperature gradient, it provides feedback on the flow rate of the first cooling source and the flow rate of the second cooling source; Step 4: The control system starts the first cooling source module and the second cooling source module. The first cooling source module provides the first cooling source to the weld protection module to perform cooling protection in the area to be welded. The second cooling source module provides the second cooling source to the base material protection module to perform cooling in the base material area. Step 5: The control system starts the laser-arc hybrid welding module to implement laser-arc hybrid welding.

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