Multi-stage energy dissipation anti-seismic stop block and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge earthquake resistance and disaster prevention, in particular to a multi-stage energy-dissipation earthquake-resistant check block and a construction method thereof.The multi-stage energy-dissipation earthquake-resistant check block comprises a conventional check block body, an energy-dissipation component is arranged between the conventional check block body and a beam body, the energy-dissipation component is formed by periodically combining negative stiffness structures, and the energy-dissipation component is fixedly connected to the conventional check block body; the construction method of the multistage energy-dissipation anti-seismic stop block comprises the following steps that the conventional stop block is fixedly arranged on a pier cover beam, the energy-dissipation component is manufactured, the energy-dissipation component is clamped between a main beam and the conventional stop block, and the energy-dissipation component and the conventional stop block are reliably connected. According to the multi-stage energy dissipation anti-seismic stop block and the construction method thereof, the energy dissipation component formed by the negative stiffness metamaterial is introduced and is ingeniously combined with a traditional conventional stop block, and a multi-stage energy dissipation mechanism is achieved; and under the action of earthquakes with different strengths such as small earthquakes, medium earthquakes and large earthquakes, excellent energy dissipation capacity can be achieved, and damage to a bridge structure is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge earthquake resistance and disaster prevention, and in particular to a multi-stage energy-consuming earthquake-resistant block and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In seismic zones, bridge stops, as lateral restraints, must not only effectively control the lateral displacement of the main beam but also not significantly increase the seismic response of the piers. Bridge stops are a common lateral restraint device and play a key role in lateral restraint of bridges.

[0003] Currently, bridge designs both domestically and internationally often incorporate stoppers at the top of piers to limit the main beam's position and prevent beam-fall disasters caused by earthquake dynamics. However, these commonly used concrete stoppers only limit the main beam's position and fail to achieve the goal of multi-stage energy dissipation.

[0004] At present, the common implementation methods of multi-stage anti-seismic blocks are as follows:

[0005] Patent CN201020662461.2 discloses a double-layer combined seismic block structure. This patent adds a weaker internal block between the block and the main beam. The internal block acts as the first line of defense to achieve energy-consuming destruction in the event of a small or moderate earthquake, consuming earthquake energy. By destroying the internal block, a rough sliding surface is formed to continue dissipating energy. The external block acts as the last line of defense to ensure that the beam does not fall in the event of a large earthquake. This type of block can achieve the purpose of multi-level defense, but it requires the production of multiple templates to realize internal and external blocks or the use of anchoring to anchor the internal steel block between the block and the main beam, making construction relatively complicated.

[0006] Another method is to achieve the purpose of energy dissipation by adopting a built-in compression body, and dissipate energy by squeezing the compression body to deform. This device often fails due to long-term environmental effects during use, and cannot achieve compression energy dissipation, and the structure is complex. For example: Patent 201911079139.9 discloses a seismic block with multi-level energy dissipation. The device is composed of a drawer-type structure consisting of a fixed cavity filled with a high-energy dissipation inner core and a sliding cavity to achieve energy dissipation. During a small earthquake, the sliding cavity compresses the inner core in the fixed cavity as a whole to achieve energy dissipation. During a larger earthquake, the sliding cavity dissipates earthquake energy by compressing and squeezing the inner core by itself. During a super-large earthquake, the sliding cavity and the energy-dissipating inner core are crushed and then moved sideways by approximately several beams through the fixed cavity, thereby achieving the purpose of multi-level energy dissipation. This device can achieve the purpose of multi-level energy dissipation, but due to long-term environmental effects, the slide rails are often blocked, and the sliding cavity cannot slide, which causes the device to fail.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a novel multi-stage energy-absorbing and anti-vibration stopper. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a multi-level energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant stop block and a construction method thereof. The multi-level energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant stop block and the construction method thereof realize a multi-level energy-absorbing mechanism by introducing an energy-absorbing component formed by a negative stiffness metamaterial and cleverly combining it with a traditional conventional stop block. Under the action of earthquakes of different intensities such as small earthquakes, medium earthquakes and large earthquakes, the energy-absorbing component can exert excellent energy-absorbing capacity and effectively reduce the damage to the bridge structure. During small earthquakes, the energy-absorbing component can be repeatedly compressed and stretched, dissipating energy through buckling deformation, and has self-recovery characteristics. During medium earthquakes, the compression space of the energy-absorbing component is fully utilized, prompting the stop block to undergo plastic deformation to further dissipate energy. During large earthquakes, the stop block transmits force to the bridge pier, dissipating energy through the formation of plastic hinges of the pier, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the bridge structure under different earthquake intensities.

[0009] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0010] The multi-stage energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant stopper includes a conventional stopper. An energy-absorbing component is arranged between the conventional stopper and the beam body. The energy-absorbing component is composed of a periodic combination of negative stiffness structures. The energy-absorbing component is fixedly connected to the conventional stopper; the purpose of multi-stage energy absorption is achieved, and the device has the advantages of simple structure and convenient construction.

[0011] Conventional blocks are concrete blocks or steel blocks; the adaptability and flexibility of the blocks are improved, making them easier to select based on actual project requirements.

[0012] The energy-absorbing component is fixedly and reliably connected to the conventional block by bolt connection, bonding or welding, which enhances the reliability and stability of the connection and ensures the energy-absorbing effect of the block under earthquake action.

[0013] The energy-absorbing component is formed by periodically combining a number of cell units. Steel plates are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the cell units at both ends. The cell units are formed by periodically combining curved units of a negative stiffness structure.

[0014] The curve unit is an oblique rod, an arch, a parabola, or a sine and cosine curve.

[0015] After a plurality of curve units intersect vertically, they are fixedly connected with a plurality of other curve units intersecting vertically in the back direction to form a cell unit.

[0016] Curve units are made of steel or aluminum.

[0017] The curved units are coated with anti-corrosion paint, which improves the durability and service life of the energy-consuming components and reduces maintenance costs.

[0018] A multi-stage energy-absorbing and earthquake-resistant block construction method includes the following steps: fixing conventional blocks on a bridge pier cap beam, making energy-absorbing components, clamping the energy-absorbing components between the main beam and the conventional blocks, and ensuring a reliable connection between the energy-absorbing components and the conventional blocks.

[0019] The energy-absorbing component is reliably connected to the conventional stopper by bolt connection, bonding or welding.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The present invention discloses a multi-stage energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant stop block and a construction method thereof, which significantly improve the seismic performance: by introducing an energy-absorbing component formed by a negative-stiffness metamaterial of an oblique rod and cleverly combining it with a traditional stop block, a multi-stage energy-absorbing mechanism is realized; under the action of earthquakes of different intensities such as small earthquakes, medium earthquakes and large earthquakes, the excellent energy-absorbing capacity can be exerted, and the damage to the bridge structure is effectively reduced; in particular, during small earthquakes, the energy-absorbing component can be repeatedly compressed and stretched, dissipating energy through the bending deformation of the oblique rod, and has self-recovery characteristics; during medium earthquakes, the compression space of the energy-absorbing component is fully utilized, prompting the block to undergo plastic deformation to further dissipate energy; during large earthquakes, the block transmits force to the bridge piers, dissipating energy through the formation of plastic hinges of the piers, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the bridge structure under different earthquake intensities.

[0022] 2. The present invention discloses a multi-stage energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant block and a construction method thereof, which simplifies the construction process and improves construction efficiency: the multi-stage energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant block in the present invention has energy-absorbing components composed of standardized components, which are easy to prefabricate and weld in the factory, significantly reducing the complexity and workload of on-site construction; at the same time, during the construction process, the energy-absorbing components only need to be simply clamped between the main beam and the conventional block, and a reliable connection is formed by bolts, bonding or welding, etc., so that the installation can be completed quickly, which greatly improves construction efficiency and quality.

[0023] 3. The present invention discloses a multi-stage energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant block and a construction method thereof, which enhance adaptability and flexibility: the energy-absorbing component in the present invention, the shape and parameters of the curve unit can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific bridge type and site conditions; by changing the thickness, span ratio, curvature radius and other parameters of the curve unit, good adaptation to bridges of different site categories can be achieved, thereby improving the adaptability and flexibility of the seismic-resistant block.

[0024] 4. The present invention discloses a multi-stage energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant block and a construction method thereof, which reduce maintenance costs and extend service life: the multi-stage energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant block of the present invention can be easily replaced if the energy-absorbing components are damaged after a small earthquake, without the need for large-scale repair or reconstruction of the entire block, thereby greatly reducing maintenance costs; at the same time, due to the introduction of energy-absorbing components, the degree of damage to the bridge structure under the action of an earthquake is significantly reduced, thereby extending the service life of the bridge.

[0025] 5. The present invention discloses a multi-stage energy-absorbing seismic stopper and a construction method thereof, which promotes the innovation and development of bridge seismic technology: The invention not only provides new ideas and solutions for bridge seismic design, but also promotes the innovation and development of bridge seismic technology; by introducing new materials and technical means such as diagonal rod negative stiffness metamaterials, it achieves a significant improvement and optimization of the seismic performance of the bridge structure, providing a useful reference and reference for future bridge seismic design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-stage energy-absorbing and anti-vibration stopper according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of an energy-dissipating component of a multi-stage energy-dissipating anti-vibration stopper according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a cell unit of a multi-stage energy-absorbing and anti-vibration stopper according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a curve unit of a multi-stage energy-absorbing and anti-vibration stopper according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] The components represented by the reference numerals in the figure are:

[0031] The present invention comprises: 1. a curve unit, 2. a cell unit, 3. a steel plate, 4. an energy-consuming component, and 5. a conventional stopper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below by means of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Similar elements in different embodiments are numbered with associated similar elements. In the following embodiments, many detailed descriptions are provided to enable the present application to be better understood. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that some of the features may be omitted in different circumstances, or may be replaced by other elements, materials, or methods. In some cases, some operations related to the present application are not shown or described in the specification. This is to avoid the core portion of the present application being overwhelmed by excessive descriptions, and for those skilled in the art, it is not necessary to describe these related operations in detail. They will fully understand the related operations based on the description in the specification and the general technical knowledge in the art.

[0033] In addition, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification may be combined in any appropriate manner to form various embodiments. Furthermore, the steps or actions in the method description may be reordered or adjusted in a manner readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various sequences in the specification and drawings are provided solely for the purpose of clearly describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to be mandatory, unless otherwise specified.

[0034] With the continuous advancement of bridge engineering technology, seismic design has become a critical component in ensuring the safety of bridge structures. Traditional seismic design often relies on the strength and ductility of the structure, but this approach may still be insufficient in the face of extreme earthquakes. To this end, multi-stage energy-dissipating seismic stops have emerged as an innovative seismic design approach. These blocks, combined with the unique properties of negative stiffness metamaterials, aim to achieve more efficient and reliable seismic resistance.

[0035] The design principle of the multi-stage energy dissipation and anti-seismic block: The design of the multi-stage energy dissipation and anti-seismic block is based on the properties of negative stiffness metamaterials. Negative stiffness metamaterials refer to structural materials that exhibit periodic negative stiffness characteristics during loading. When subjected to external forces, this material's deformation decreases as stress increases, exhibiting a mechanical behavior that is diametrically opposed to that of traditional materials. Negative stiffness metamaterials can be divided into two types: monostable and bistable (or multistable). Bistable or multistable negative stiffness metamaterials can undergo a steady-state transition when subjected to stress, thereby absorbing and dissipating more energy.

[0036] Multi-stage energy-dissipating seismic stops leverage this characteristic of negative stiffness metamaterials. By periodically combining these materials to form energy-dissipating components, these components are then combined with conventional stops to achieve multi-stage energy dissipation. During an earthquake, the energy-dissipating components first absorb and dissipate seismic energy, mitigating the impact on the bridge structure. When the energy-dissipating components reach their limit, the conventional stops further dissipate energy, ensuring the safety of the bridge structure.

[0037] Structural Features of Multi-Level Energy-Dissipating Seismic Stops: Multi-Level Energy-Dissipating Seismic Stops primarily consist of conventional stops and energy-dissipating components. Conventional stops are common seismic components in bridge structures, their primary function being to limit the displacement of the bridge under earthquakes. In multi-level energy-dissipating seismic stops, conventional stops serve as the support and anchoring structure for the energy-dissipating components. They can be made of either steel or reinforced concrete, depending on the material of the pier cap and the overall bridge design. The energy-dissipating components, the core of the multi-level energy-dissipating seismic stop, are composed of a periodic combination of negative stiffness structures. These negative stiffness structural units typically take the form of curved beams or inclined beams (V-beams), offering simplicity and ease of fabrication. By adjusting the geometric parameters and layout of these structural units, the mechanical properties of the negative stiffness metamaterial can be manipulated to meet varying seismic requirements. The energy-dissipating components are composed of a periodic combination of multiple cellular units. Each cellular unit is formed by a fixed connection of multiple curved units of the negative stiffness structure that intersect perpendicularly. The shape of the curved elements can be a diagonal rod, an arch, a parabola, or a sine-cosine curve, depending on design requirements and manufacturing conditions. Curved elements are typically made of steel or aluminum and coated with an anti-corrosion coating for durability. Steel plates are fixed to each end of the energy-dissipating component, providing a reliable connection to conventional stops and the beam. Connection methods include bolting, bonding, or welding, depending on actual construction conditions and design requirements.

[0038] The construction method for multi-stage energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant blocks primarily includes the following steps: Installation of conventional blocks: First, securely install the conventional blocks on the pier cap beam. Ensure accurate positioning and reliable fixation to facilitate the subsequent installation and connection of energy-absorbing components. Fabrication and installation of energy-absorbing components: Next, fabricate the energy-absorbing components. Based on design requirements, combine and securely connect the curved units according to predetermined geometric parameters and layout patterns to form cell units. Then, periodically combine several cell units to form energy-absorbing components. Steel plates are secured to each end of the energy-absorbing components to connect them to the conventional blocks and beam body.

[0039] After the energy-absorbing component is manufactured, it is clamped between the main beam and the conventional block. The energy-absorbing component is reliably connected to the conventional block and the beam body through bolt connection, bonding or welding. During the connection process, it should be ensured that the connection is firm and stable so that the seismic performance of the energy-absorbing component can be fully utilized under the action of an earthquake.

[0040] Multi-stage energy-absorbing seismic stops have broad application prospects and significant seismic effects in bridge seismic resistance.

[0041] Multi-level energy-absorbing anti-seismic blocks can be applied to various types of bridge structures, including highway bridges, railway bridges, and urban bridges. Especially in earthquake-prone areas and high-intensity earthquake zones, the application of multi-level energy-absorbing anti-seismic blocks will help improve the seismic resistance and safety of bridge structures.

[0042] Multi-stage energy-dissipating seismic stops combine the advantages of negative stiffness metamaterials and conventional stops to achieve multi-level energy dissipation. During an earthquake, the energy-dissipating components first absorb and dissipate the seismic energy, mitigating the impact on the bridge structure. When the energy-dissipating components reach their limit, conventional stops take over to further dissipate the energy. This multi-stage energy-dissipating mechanism significantly improves the seismic resistance and ductility of bridge structures, ensuring their safety and stability during earthquakes.

[0043] Specifically, the seismic effects of multi-level energy-absorbing seismic blocks under earthquake action include the following aspects:

[0044] (1) Reducing bridge displacement: Through the deformation and energy dissipation of energy-absorbing components, multi-level energy-absorbing seismic blocks can effectively reduce the displacement of bridges under earthquakes and reduce the degree of damage to bridge structures.

[0045] (2) Improved energy dissipation capacity: Multi-level energy dissipation and seismic blocks utilize the characteristics of negative stiffness metamaterials to achieve efficient energy dissipation. Under the action of an earthquake, the energy dissipation components can absorb and dissipate a large amount of seismic energy, reducing the impact and damage to the main body of the bridge.

[0046] (3) Extending the life of the structure: The application of multi-level energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant blocks can reduce the stress and deformation level of the bridge structure under earthquake action, thereby extending the service life and maintenance cycle of the bridge structure.

[0047] (4) Improved safety: Multi-level energy dissipation and seismic stops ensure the safety and stability of bridges under earthquakes through a multi-level energy dissipation mechanism. Even under extreme earthquakes, multi-level energy dissipation and seismic stops can ensure the overall stability and safety of the bridge structure through the combined action of energy dissipation components and conventional stops.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown, the multi-stage energy-absorbing and earthquake-resistant stopper includes a conventional stopper 5. An energy-absorbing component 4 is provided between the conventional stopper 5 and the beam body. The energy-absorbing component 4 is formed by a periodic combination of negative stiffness structures. The energy-absorbing component 4 is fixedly connected to the conventional stopper.

[0050] The anti-seismic block of the present invention achieves the purpose of multi-stage energy dissipation by combining negative stiffness metamaterial with traditional blocks. The block has the advantages of simple structure, convenient construction and multi-stage energy dissipation.

[0051] Negative stiffness metamaterials are periodic structures that exhibit periodic negative stiffness in response to loading. These materials can be categorized as monostable negative stiffness metamaterials and bistable (or multistable) negative stiffness metamaterials. Monostable negative stiffness metamaterials exhibit negative stiffness but do not undergo a transition from one stable state to another, while bistable or multistable negative stiffness metamaterials exhibit negative stiffness that can undergo a transition from one stable state to another.

[0052] The design of negative stiffness metamaterials is typically based on specific structural units, such as curved beams and inclined beams (V-beams). These units are simple and easy to manufacture, so they have been widely used by researchers in the design of negative stiffness metamaterials. By adjusting the geometric parameters and layout of these units, the mechanical properties of negative stiffness metamaterials can be manipulated.

[0053] Negative stiffness metamaterials exhibit negative stiffness when loaded, meaning that as the load increases, the material's deformation decreases, and vice versa. This property enables negative stiffness metamaterials to absorb large amounts of energy when subjected to impact or vibration, and exhibits excellent cushioning and vibration reduction properties.

[0054] The "elastic snap" behavior of the negative stiffness mechanism causes the structure to vibrate significantly, significantly improving the energy harvesting efficiency. Therefore, negative stiffness metamaterials have broad application prospects in the field of vibration energy harvesting.

[0055] By adjusting the geometric parameters and layout patterns of the structural units, the mechanical properties of negative stiffness metamaterials can be flexibly designed to meet the application requirements of different fields.

[0056] Conventional block materials can be steel structures or reinforced concrete structures, which are mainly determined by the pier cap beam.

[0057] The energy-absorbing component assembly is stuck between the main beam and the conventional stopper assembly, and is reliably connected to the stopper by bolts, bonding or welding.

[0058] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the energy dissipation component 4 is formed by a periodic combination of several cell units 2, and steel plates 3 are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the cell units 2 at both ends. The cell units 2 are formed by a periodic combination of curve units 1 of a negative stiffness structure.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the curve unit 1 is arched.

[0060] After a plurality of curve units 1 intersect vertically, they are fixedly connected with a plurality of other curve units 1 intersecting vertically in the opposite direction to form a cell unit 2.

[0061] The curve unit 1 is made of steel or aluminum.

[0062] Curve unit 1 is painted with anti-corrosion paint.

[0063] The multi-stage energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant stopper construction method includes the following steps: fixing a conventional stopper 5 on a bridge pier cap beam, making an energy-absorbing component 4, clamping the energy-absorbing component 4 between the main beam and the conventional stopper 5, and ensuring that the energy-absorbing component 4 and the conventional stopper 5 are reliably connected; the energy-absorbing component 4 is reliably connected to the conventional stopper 5 by bolting, bonding, or welding.

[0064] In view of the difficulty in constructing existing multi-level energy-absorbing blocks, the present invention forms an energy-absorbing structure by periodically combining the negative stiffness structure of the diagonal rods. After the conventional blocks are constructed, the structure is glued to the conventional blocks, which has the characteristic of simple construction.

[0065] For conventional blocks that use slide rails and extrusion to achieve multi-level energy dissipation, the slide rails often fail. This solution achieves the purpose of multi-level energy dissipation through the negative stiffness structure of the diagonal rod, mainly dissipating energy through the bending of the diagonal rod, which can avoid the problem of slide rail failure.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] The multi-stage energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant stopper includes the following components: a spatial unit composed of arch units or oblique rod units intersecting vertically, and an energy-absorbing component formed by periodic combination of spatial units; a conventional stopper, the material of which can be a steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure, which is mainly determined by the bridge pier cap beam.

[0068] The connection relationship between the components of the multi-stage energy dissipation and anti-vibration block is as follows:

[0069] Conventional blocks are placed above the pier cap beam and manufactured together with the pier cap beam. Then the energy-absorbing component is clamped between the main beam and the block and is reliably connected to the block by bolts, bonding or welding.

[0070] The cell unit 2 is formed by superimposing and welding the curve unit 1; the cell unit 2 is transformed periodically and steel plates 3 are added at the top and bottom to form an energy-absorbing component 4; the energy-absorbing component 4 is placed between the block 5 and the beam body to form an energy-absorbing specific implementation scheme.

[0071] Energy consumption regulation and program control are achieved by adjusting factors such as the curvature, span ratio, thickness of the curve unit 1 and the number of cell units 2.

[0072] This multi-stage energy-dissipating seismic block dissipates energy through the negative stiffness structure of the diagonal rod during minor earthquakes; during moderate earthquakes, the compression space of the energy-dissipating component has been completely compressed, causing the block to undergo plastic deformation to dissipate energy; during major earthquakes, the block transfers force to the bridge pier, and the plastic hinge of the pier forms a dissipated energy; it has the technical effect of simple manufacturing and multi-stage energy dissipation.

[0073] The assembly, installation, and construction methods of the multi-stage energy dissipation and anti-vibration stop are as follows:

[0074] Select concrete or steel conventional stoppers according to the material of the pier cap beam, and design and manufacture conventional stopper assemblies;

[0075] The arched or oblique rod units are installed to intersect vertically to form a space unit assembly, and then the space unit components are welded in an array manner to form an energy dissipation component assembly;

[0076] The energy-absorbing component assembly is clamped between the main beam and the conventional stopper assembly, and a reliable connection is formed with the stopper by bolts, bonding or welding;

[0077] The method of using or operating the multi-stage energy-absorbing and anti-vibration stopper is as follows:

[0078] During a small earthquake, the lateral displacement of the beam repeatedly compresses and stretches the energy-absorbing components, causing the diagonal rod energy-absorbing components to buckle and deform to dissipate energy. After the earthquake, the energy-absorbing components can achieve self-recovery. During a medium earthquake, the compression space of the energy-absorbing components has been completely compressed, causing the blocks to undergo plastic deformation to dissipate energy. During a large earthquake, the blocks transfer force to the bridge piers, and the plastic hinges of the piers form dissipated energy. This device can achieve the defense goal of "not being damaged by small earthquakes, being repairable by medium earthquakes, and not collapsing by large earthquakes", thereby protecting people's lives and property.

[0079] The multi-stage energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant stopper is formed by superimposing curved unit components to form cell unit components, and then forming energy-absorbing components through periodic transformation. The energy-absorbing components are combined with conventional stops to form a new multi-stage energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant stopper. The structure is simple and the production can be completed by welding the components in the factory according to the design requirements of the component installation, which eliminates the need for complicated on-site production and improves the quality of the stopper.

[0080] This multi-stage energy-absorbing seismic stop, created by combining a diagonal rod negative stiffness metamaterial with traditional stops, achieves the design goals of "invulnerability to minor earthquakes, repairability to moderate earthquakes, and resistance to collapse in major earthquakes." It is also simple to manufacture. This reduces bridge damage during minor earthquakes and allows for the replacement of energy-absorbing components, safeguarding lives and property.

[0081] The core innovation of this solution is the use of diagonal rod negative stiffness metamaterials and traditional blocks to form a new type of multi-level energy dissipation seismic block. This new block has the characteristics of simple structure, easy construction and multi-level energy dissipation.

[0082] Specifically, the core innovations of this solution include the following aspects:

[0083] This solution uses negative stiffness materials of diagonal rods to form energy-absorbing elements through a series of periodic combinations, and is combined with traditional blocks as the main components of multi-stage energy-absorbing blocks. This can effectively achieve the defense goal of "no damage in small earthquakes, repairable in medium earthquakes, and not collapsing in large earthquakes";

[0084] This solution uses arc-shaped steel sheets to form energy-absorbing elements through cross-periodic combination, and combines them with blocks to form a new type of energy-absorbing block. This type of block has the characteristics of simple manufacturing and easy implementation. By adjusting the thickness of the steel sheets, the span ratio of the curve, and the curvature radius, it has good adaptability to bridges of different site categories, thereby achieving good seismic resistance in different site categories.

[0085] For those skilled in the art, many changes and substitutions can be made without departing from the creative ideas and substantial contents of this solution. For example:

[0086] This solution uses energy-consuming components made of steel, but they can also be made of other materials such as aluminum, not necessarily steel, as long as the energy-consuming characteristics can be guaranteed;

[0087] This scheme uses a curved negative stiffness configuration as the main energy dissipation component, but similar effects can be achieved by using curved forms such as inclined rods, parabolas, and sine and cosine curves.

[0088] The number of cells and component sizes of this scheme can be adjusted according to different bridge types to meet relevant conditions and requirements.

[0089] These changes and substitutions should fall within the scope of protection covered by this plan.

[0090] Example 3

[0091] The multi-stage energy-absorbing and anti-seismic block includes four curved steel structure units 1 forming a cell unit 2.

[0092] The cell units are combined to form an energy-absorbing component and steel plates 3 are added at the top and bottom to enable them to fit with the block or beam body to form an energy-absorbing component 4.

[0093] Energy-absorbing components are placed between the beam and the block 5 to form a new type of earthquake-resistant block with multi-level energy absorption, so as to achieve the defense goal of "no damage in small earthquakes, repairable in medium earthquakes, and no collapse in large earthquakes".

[0094] The steel structure unit 1 is coated with anti-corrosion paint to ensure the durability of the energy-consuming components.

[0095] The multi-stage energy dissipation block of the present invention can be applied to different types of bridge structures. It is only necessary to adjust the number and size of the steel structure units 1 and the cell units 2 according to the actual situation to adapt to the size and shape of different bridge structures. For example, the present invention can be applied to the following specific examples:

[0096] In this embodiment, a 10 cm wide gap is set between the beam body and the conventional block 5. An energy-absorbing component 4 is placed therebetween. The energy-absorbing component 4 is composed of a cell unit 2. Under the action of the load, the cell unit 2 changes from one stable state to another stable state through buckling deformation, thereby dissipating or absorbing energy, thereby achieving a shock-absorbing effect. In this embodiment, the seismic load is first transmitted to the steel plate 3 through the beam body. Under the action of repeated cyclic seismic loads, the steel plate compresses the cell unit 2 and repeatedly transforms between two stable states, thereby achieving energy dissipation. Under the action of a larger earthquake, the energy-absorbing element is compressed, pushing it to transfer force to the block, thereby dissipating the seismic energy through the block, thereby achieving the purpose of multi-level energy dissipation.

[0097] The above examples are used to illustrate the present invention, which are only used to help understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions based on the concept of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage energy-absorbing and anti-vibration stopper, comprising a conventional stopper (5), characterized in that: An energy-absorbing component (4) is provided between the conventional stopper (5) and the beam body. The energy-absorbing component (4) is formed by periodically combining negative rigidity structures. The energy-absorbing component (4) is fixedly connected to the conventional stopper (5).

2. A multi-stage energy dissipation and anti-vibration stopper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conventional stopper (5) is a concrete stopper or a steel stopper.

3. The multi-stage energy dissipation and anti-vibration stopper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-absorbing component (4) is fixedly and reliably connected to the conventional stopper by means of bolt connection, bonding or welding.

4. The multi-stage energy dissipation and anti-vibration stopper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-absorbing component (4) is formed by a periodic combination of a plurality of cell units (2), with steel plates (3) fixedly connected to the outer sides of the cell units (2) at both ends, respectively. The cell units (2) are formed by a periodic combination of curved units (1) of a negative stiffness structure.

5. The multi-stage energy-absorbing and anti-vibration stopper according to claim 4, characterized in that: The curve unit (1) is an oblique rod, an arch, a parabola, or a sine-cosine curve.

6. The multi-stage energy dissipation and anti-vibration stopper according to claim 5, characterized in that: After a plurality of curve units (1) intersect vertically, they are fixedly connected with a plurality of other curve units (1) intersecting vertically in a back-to-back manner to form a cell unit (2).

7. The multi-stage energy-absorbing and anti-vibration stopper according to claim 4, characterized in that: The curve unit (1) is made of steel or aluminum.

8. The multi-stage energy-absorbing and anti-vibration stopper according to claim 4, characterized in that: The curve unit (1) is coated with anti-corrosion paint.

9. A method for constructing a multi-stage energy-absorbing and seismic-resistant block, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A conventional stopper (5) is fixedly arranged on the bridge pier cap beam, an energy-absorbing component (4) is manufactured, the energy-absorbing component (4) is clamped between the main beam and the conventional stopper (5), and the energy-absorbing component (4) and the conventional stopper (5) are reliably connected.

10. A method for constructing a multi-stage energy-absorbing and earthquake-resistant stop block according to claim 9, characterized in that: The energy-absorbing component (4) is reliably connected to the conventional stopper (5) by bolt connection, bonding or welding.

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