Fishway system for improving dam passing efficiency of benthic fishes

Abstract

The invention provides a fishway system for improving the dam passing efficiency of benthic fishes, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection, the fishway system comprises a fishway inlet arranged at the downstream position of a dam and a fishway outlet arranged at the upstream position of the dam, a plurality of fishway partition plates are arranged in the fishway in the length direction of a fishway side wall, and vertical seams are formed between the fishway partition plates; a plurality of fishway pond chambers are defined by the adjacent fishway partition plates and the adjacent fishway side walls, and bottom layer structural components are arranged at the bottoms of the fishway pond chambers. The bottom layer structural component comprises overturning motors arranged at the fishway inlet and the fishway outlet, a rail arranged in the length direction of the fishway is erected between the overturning motors, and a plurality of sets of Z-shaped overturning plates are movably arranged on the rail. A bottom layer fish passing channel matched with a traditional autonomous-mechanical transfer fish passing mode is innovated, and a bottom layer space changing along with switching of the fish passing mode is provided for benthic fishes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection, and in particular to a fishway system for improving the efficiency of benthic fish passing through a dam. Background Art

[0002] The barrier effect of water conservancy and hydropower projects directly affects fish migration and gene exchange between populations, posing a threat to the protection of aquatic ecosystems in river basins. Consequently, a series of fish passage facilities have been developed to mitigate the barrier effect of dams and sluices, with fishways becoming the most widely used type of facility in my country. Due to differences in the ecological habits (such as aquatic layer habitat) of target species passing through fishways, species exhibit varying aquatic layer differentiation when passing through them, with bottom-dwelling, stream-loving, bottom-dwelling fish species experiencing the most significant disturbances.

[0003] For example, according to the results of the fishway effect evaluation of the Zhentou Dam Level 1 Hydropower Station on the Dadu River (document "Monitoring the Effect of Fish Passage in the Zhentou Dam Level 1 Fishway"), a total of 22 fish species were observed upstream through the fishway from June to September 2017 and from March to May 2018. The dominant species were catfish, Genus, Schizothorax, White-margined Among them, catfish like to live in the substrate at the bottom of rapids. Because their chests are flat and even develop into special chest suction organs, the fish's suction organs are wrinkled and composed of countless hooked spines with backward-curved tips. They have a strong suction effect, so they like to climb on the substrate at the bottom of the water layer. This type of fish is represented by the bluestone climbing catfish and the yellow stone climbing catfish, as well as the snake goby and the white-margined goby. , striped-breasted catfish, goby and many other fish species; on the other hand, its habit of climbing on the bottom also determines that this type of fish has weak swimming ability and is more sensitive to changes in the river water environment.

[0004] Therefore, in rivers with complex water flow environments and diverse fish species, how to take into account the upstream migration needs of bottom-dwelling fish with weaker swimming abilities, and accelerate the upstream migration efficiency of such fish species (especially for fish species with conservation value, such as the bluestone catfish and yellowstone catfish, which are both endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and national second-level protected wild animals), has long-term positive inspiration and promotion significance for fishway application research. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a fishway system for improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish passing through a dam, with the aim of solving at least one technical problem existing in the prior art mentioned in the background technology.

[0006] The present invention provides the following technical solutions to achieve the above objectives:

[0007] A fishway system for improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish passing through a dam comprises a fishway inlet arranged downstream of the dam and a fishway outlet arranged upstream of the dam. A plurality of fishway baffles are arranged along the length of the fishway side walls in the fishway, with vertical seams provided between the fishway baffles. Adjacent fishway baffles and fishway side walls enclose a plurality of fishway chambers, and bottom structural members are arranged at the bottom of the fishway chambers.

[0008] The bottom structural components include turning motors arranged at the fishway inlet and outlet, tracks arranged along the length of the fishway are set between the turning motors, and several groups of Z-shaped turning plates are movably arranged on the tracks.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom plate of the fishway includes a supporting transverse plate, and a supporting vertical plate is arranged on one side of the supporting transverse plate adjacent to the side wall of the fishway; and rails are arranged on the supporting transverse plate and the supporting vertical plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the cross-section of the Z-shaped flip plate is stepped, the front and rear adjacent Z-shaped flip plates overlap each other, and the Z-shaped flip plate is arranged as a hinge as a whole, an elastic connector is provided in the center of the Z-shaped flip plate; the surface of the Z-shaped flip plate is provided with a gravel base.

[0011] Furthermore, a vertical roller is provided at the bottom of the Z-shaped flip plate, and a horizontal roller is provided at the side of the Z-shaped flip plate.

[0012] Furthermore, a plurality of fixed cross bars parallel to the length direction of the fishway are provided in the fishway pool at 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the height of the fishway partition.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of telescopic vertical rods are provided above the fixed crossbar and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the fixed crossbar.

[0014] Furthermore, a push plate is movably provided between the fixed cross bar and the bottom structural member. The push plates are symmetrically arranged on the side walls of the fishway on both sides, and the push plates move from the side walls of the fishway toward the center of the fishway.

[0015] Furthermore, several electric cylinders are arranged along the length direction of the fishway side wall, a push rod is provided on the driving end of the electric cylinder, a fixing pin is provided at the end of the push rod away from the electric cylinder, a fixed connecting rod is provided between adjacent fixing pins, and the fixed connecting rod is connected to the movable end of the telescopic vertical rod.

[0016] Furthermore, a plurality of electric cylinders 2 are arranged along the length direction of the side wall of the fishway, and the driving ends of the electric cylinders 2 are connected to the push plates.

[0017] Furthermore, a fishway exit slide is provided at the fishway exit, one end of the fishway exit slide is connected to the Z-shaped flip plate, and the other end of the fishway exit slide is inclined downward toward the upstream of the dam.

[0018] Furthermore, video surveillance equipment is provided in each of the fishway chambers.

[0019] Beneficial effects

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) A fish-passing mode exclusively for bottom-dwelling fish migration upstream has been created. The present invention focuses on the needs of bottom-dwelling fish species to pass through the dam, and sets the bottom of the fishway as a system that can be maneuvered and transported. Specifically, in the normal fish-passing situation inside the fishway, the conventional fishway autonomous fish-passing state is maintained; when the fish at the bottom of the fishway hesitate or make detours, the chain-shaped Z-shaped flip plate group is driven by the flip motor to slide along the supporting horizontal plate and the supporting vertical plate, and the bottom-dwelling fish crawling and adsorbed on its surface are mechanically moved upstream, forming a fish-passing mode of the fishway system that switches and complements each other between "traditional autonomous-mechanical transport", effectively improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish species to pass through the dam upstream.

[0022] (2) A bottom fish passage suitable for different operating conditions is constructed. The present invention innovates a bottom fish passage that is compatible with the "traditional autonomous-mechanical transfer" fish passage mode, providing bottom-dwelling fish with a bottom space that changes with the switching of the fish passage mode. Specifically, when in the conventional autonomous fish passage mode, the electric cylinder 1 drives the push rod to retract the fixed pin and the telescopic vertical rod to the edge of the side wall, and the electric cylinder 2 drives the push plate to retract to both sides of the fishway side wall. The gaps between the fixed horizontal bars in each fishway chamber provide an open and free shuttle space for fish, and fish in different water layers can shuttle and migrate in different spaces; when switched to the mechanical fish passage state, the electric cylinder 1 pushes the fixed pin and the fixed connecting rod to move, driving the telescopic vertical rod to extend and expand. The telescopic vertical rod and the fixed horizontal rod are staggered and arranged in a grid shape, dividing the fishway chamber into the upper and middle layers and the bottom water body space, confining the bottom-dwelling fish to the bottom water body space, making sufficient working conditions preparation for the mechanical transfer fish passage mode.

[0023] (3) A narrow beam fish guiding method that can simultaneously improve the fish's ability to swim upstream has been developed. Under mechanical transfer conditions, the electric cylinder 2 drives the push plate to gather toward the vertical seam section, and the bottom fish are directed to the vertical seam section, thereby strengthening the physical stimulation of the vertical seam to attract the water flow on the bottom fish. In conjunction with the mechanical transfer process, the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish in sensing the water flow and independently passing through the fishway upstream is further improved. The push plate narrow beam fish guiding method developed by the present invention integrates the design ideas of mechanical fish guiding and autonomous fish passing, and has practical promotion value in the operation conditions of the fishway. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the fishway system of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A side view of the fishway system of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 Internal local structure of the fishway system of the present invention Figure 1 (limiting fish migration space);

[0027] Figure 4 Internal local structure of the fishway system of the present invention Figure 2 (Regular fish passing state);

[0028] Figure 5 Internal local structure of the fishway system of the present invention Figure 3 (guide fish);

[0029] Figure 6 Longitudinal view of the fishway system of the present invention Figure 1 (Regular fish passing state);

[0030] Figure 7 Longitudinal view of the fishway system of the present invention Figure 2 (guide fish);

[0031] Figure 8 Detailed diagram of the flip structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 A side view of the flipping mechanism of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 Z-shaped flip plate structure of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 11 Z-shaped flip plate structure of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figure 12 Plan view of the Z-shaped flip plate of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 13 Detailed structure of the telescopic vertical rod of the present invention Figure 1 (partial recycling);

[0037] Figure 14 Detailed structure of the telescopic vertical rod of the present invention Figure 2 (local elongation);

[0038] Figure 15 Plan view of the turning section of the Z-shaped flip plate of the present invention.

[0039] Explanation of the accompanying numbers: 1-fishway side wall; 2-fishway partition; 3-fishway pool; 4-fishway inlet; 5-fishway outlet; 6-bottom structural member; 601-supporting horizontal plate; 602-supporting vertical plate; 603-horizontal roller; 604-vertical roller; 605-Z-shaped turning plate; 606-elastic connecting piece; 607-electric cylinder 1; 608-push rod; 609-fixing pin; 610-telescopic vertical rod; 611-fixing connecting rod; 612-fixing horizontal rod; 613-electric cylinder 2; 614-push plate; 615-turning motor; 616-pebble bottom; 7-fishway outlet slide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present application will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings; the drawings show preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein; on the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to enable a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the disclosed content of the present invention.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, “down”, “left”, “right” and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains; the terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention; the term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0043] Example. A fishway system for improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish passing through a dam, the structure of which is referenced to Figures 1 to 15 , including a fishway inlet 4 arranged at the downstream of the dam and a fishway outlet 5 arranged at the upstream of the dam, a plurality of fishway partitions 2 are arranged along the length direction of the fishway side wall 1 in the fishway, vertical seams are provided between the fishway partitions 2, adjacent fishway partitions 2 and fishway side walls 1 enclose a plurality of fishway chambers 3, and a bottom structural member 6 is arranged at the bottom of the fishway chamber 3;

[0044] The bottom structural member 6 includes a turning motor 615 arranged at the fishway inlet 4 and the fishway outlet 5. A track arranged along the length direction of the fishway is set between the turning motors 615, and a plurality of groups of Z-shaped turning plates 605 are movably arranged on the track.

[0045] The fishway bottom plate includes a supporting transverse plate 601 , and a supporting vertical plate 602 is arranged on one side of the supporting transverse plate 601 adjacent to the fishway side wall 1 ; rails are arranged on the supporting transverse plate 601 and the supporting vertical plate 602 .

[0046] The driving wheel of the flip motor 615 is arranged in contact with the Z-shaped flip plate 605. By setting the flip motor 615 to provide power for the Z-shaped flip plate 605, the Z-shaped flip plate 605 moves from the fishway inlet 4 to the fishway outlet 5 in sequence, providing upstream migration conditions for benthic fish.

[0047] The Z-shaped flip plates 605 have a stepped cross-section, with adjacent Z-shaped flip plates 605 overlapping each other. The Z-shaped flip plates 605 are configured as a hinge, with an elastic connector 606 located at the center of each Z-shaped flip plate 605. A pebble-gravel substrate 616 is provided on the surface of each Z-shaped flip plate 605. The pebble-gravel substrate 616, suitable for bottom-dwelling fish, provides a suitable habitat for bottom-dwelling fish, providing them with a suitable substrate for crawling, absorbing nutrients, or spawning. The hinge-like configuration of the Z-shaped flip plates 605 facilitates their rotation at the flip motor 615. The elastic connector 606 allows the Z-shaped flip plates 605 to return to their previous stepped shape after flipping. The Z-shaped flip plates 605 overlap each other, and driven by the flip motor 615, the rear Z-shaped flip plate 605 pushes the front Z-shaped flip plate 605 toward the fishway exit.

[0048] The Z-shaped flip plate 605 is provided with vertical rollers 604 at the bottom and horizontal rollers 603 on the sides. By providing the horizontal and vertical rollers 603 on the Z-shaped flip plate 605 and movably positioning the vertical rollers 604 within the tracks on the supporting horizontal plate 601, the Z-shaped flip plate 605 is ensured to move in a set direction. The horizontal rollers 603 are movably positioned within the tracks on the supporting vertical plates 602 to prevent the Z-shaped flip plate 605 from contacting the supporting vertical plates 602 when moving at the turning point of the fishway due to the push of other Z-shaped flip plates 605, thereby preventing the Z-shaped flip plate 605 from causing resistance to its movement. The horizontal rollers 603 facilitate the movement of the Z-shaped flip plate 605 at the turning point of the fishway.

[0049] Within the fishway chamber 3, several fixed horizontal bars 612 are installed at intervals of 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 the height of the fishway partition 2, running parallel to the length of the fishway. Above these fixed horizontal bars 612 are several telescopic vertical bars 610, arranged perpendicular to the fixed horizontal bars 612. Several electric cylinders 607 are arranged along the length of the fishway sidewall 1. Each cylinder 607 has a push rod 608 installed at its driving end. A fixed pin 609 is installed at the end of the push rod 608 facing away from the cylinder 607. Fixed connecting rods 611 are installed between adjacent fixed pins 609 and connect to the movable ends of the telescopic vertical bars 610. The fixed horizontal bars 612 and telescopic vertical bars 610 divide the water space within the fishway, facilitating the migration of benthic fish. The height of the fixed horizontal bars 612 is determined based on the predominant local benthic fish species, ensuring sufficient space for benthic fish to migrate across the dam.

[0050] Push plates 614 are movably positioned between the fixed crossbar 612 and the underlying structural member 6. These push plates 614 are symmetrically arranged on either side of the fishway sidewalls 1 and move from the fishway sidewalls 1 toward the center of the fishway. Several electric cylinders 613 are arranged along the length of the fishway sidewalls 1, with their drive ends connected to the push plates 614. By providing these push plates 614, when the Z-shaped flip plate 605 moves to drive benthic fish toward the center of the fishway, the fish are driven to pass through the vertical slits along the center of the fishway, completing their upstream migration.

[0051] The fishway exit 5 is provided with a fishway exit slide 7, one end of which is connected to the Z-shaped flip plate 605, and the other end of which is inclined downward toward the upstream of the dam. The fishway exit slide 7 facilitates the entry of benthic fish from the fishway into the upstream of the dam.

[0052] The fishway chambers 3 are provided with video monitoring equipment for real-time monitoring of the distribution and migration of fish in the fishway.

[0053] The method of using the present invention:

[0054] When the present invention is in the conventional fish passing state

[0055] If the monitoring equipment detects that fish are congregating at the bottom of the fishway chamber 3, or that the fish are swimming normally, the first electric cylinder 607 drives the push rod 608, which retracts the fixed pin 609 and the telescopic vertical rod 610 to the edge of the side wall. The second electric cylinder 613 drives the push plate 614 to retract toward the sides of the fishway wall. At this point, the fishway system maintains its normal autonomous fish-passing state, allowing fish to migrate and inhabit throughout the fishway chamber 3 by moving through the multiple sets of fixed horizontal bars 612.

[0056] When switching from conventional fish passing to mechanical fish passing

[0057] S1. Limiting fish migration space

[0058] When the monitoring equipment detects that fish gather at the bottom of the fishway chamber 3 and are hesitating or making detours, the electric cylinder 1 607 is turned on, driving the push rod 608 to push the fixed pin 609 and the fixed connecting rod 611 to move, causing the telescopic vertical rod 610 to extend and unfold. At this time, the telescopic vertical rod 610 and the fixed horizontal rod 612 are arranged in a staggered manner to form a grid, dividing the fishway chamber 3 into the middle and upper water space and the bottom water space, thereby confining the bottom-dwelling fish to the bottom water space.

[0059] S2. Flip and transport fish

[0060] The flip motors 615 at the far downstream and far upstream locations of the fishway system are activated. These motors rotate counterclockwise, driving the chain-like Z-shaped flip plates 605 to slide upstream. At this point, the horizontal rollers 603 and vertical rollers 604 slide along the tracks on the vertical support plates 602 and horizontal support plates 601. Fish that are clinging to the Z-shaped flip plates 605 are mechanically transported upstream, while those that are not clinging to the Z-shaped flip plates and are swimming can swim upstream on their own in the bottom space. The speed of the fish transport can be controlled by the flip motors 615.

[0061] S3, Guide fish

[0062] Based on the monitoring equipment, electric cylinder 2 613 is activated for benthic fish in a certain fishway chamber 3, driving the push plates 614 on both sides to converge in the middle, forcing the bottom-dwelling fish to the vertical slit in the middle of the fishway chamber 3. At this point, the bottom-dwelling fish sense the suction flow in the longitudinal section of the vertical slit and gradually swim upstream into the subsequent fishway chamber 3. The fishway system now provides mechanized transport and directional guidance for the bottom-dwelling fish to migrate upstream.

[0063] S4. Release fish

[0064] When the fish are transferred to the fishway outlet 5 upstream of the dam, the fish slide into the water along the fishway outlet slide plate 7, completing the mechanical and rapid fish landing process on the dam.

[0065] Obviously, the above is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, not all embodiments. The above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be modified and varied in various ways. Any combination, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, and other embodiments that can be made by those of ordinary skill in the art within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fishway system for improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish passing through a dam, comprising a fishway inlet (4) arranged downstream of the dam and a fishway outlet (5) arranged upstream of the dam, characterized in that: A plurality of fishway partitions (2) are arranged along the length direction of the fishway side wall (1) in the fishway, vertical seams are provided between the fishway partitions (2), adjacent fishway partitions (2) and fishway side walls (1) are enclosed to form a plurality of fishway chambers (3), and a bottom structural member (6) is arranged at the bottom of the fishway chambers (3); The bottom structural member (6) includes a turning motor (615) arranged at the fishway entrance (4) and the fishway exit (5). A track arranged along the length direction of the fishway is set between the turning motors (615), and a plurality of groups of Z-shaped turning plates (605) are movably arranged on the track.

2. The fishway system for improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish passing through a dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fishway bottom plate comprises a supporting transverse plate (601), and a supporting vertical plate (602) is arranged on one side of the supporting transverse plate (601) adjacent to the fishway side wall (1); and rails are arranged on the supporting transverse plate (601) and the supporting vertical plate (602).

3. The fishway system for improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish passing through a dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the Z-shaped flip plate (605) is stepped, the front and rear adjacent Z-shaped flip plates (605) overlap each other, and the Z-shaped flip plate (605) is configured as a hinge as a whole, and an elastic connecting member (606) is provided at the center of the Z-shaped flip plate (605); and a pebble substrate (616) is provided on the surface of the Z-shaped flip plate (605).

4. The fishway system for improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish passing through a dam according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the Z-shaped flip plate (605) is provided with a vertical roller (604), and the side of the Z-shaped flip plate (605) is provided with a horizontal roller (603).

5. The fishway system for improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish passing through a dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of fixed cross bars (612) parallel to the length direction of the fishway are arranged in the fishway chamber (3) at 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the height of the fishway partition (2).

6. The fishway system for improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish passing through a dam according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of telescopic vertical rods (610) are arranged above the fixed crossbar (612) and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the fixed crossbar (612).

7. The fishway system for improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish passing through a dam according to claim 5, characterized in that: A push plate (614) is movably provided between the fixed cross bar (612) and the bottom structural member (6). The push plates (614) are symmetrically arranged on the fishway side walls (1) on both sides, and the push plates (614) move from the fishway side walls (1) toward the center of the fishway.

8. The fishway system for improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish passing through a dam according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of electric cylinders (607) are arranged along the length direction of the fishway side wall (1), a push rod (608) is provided on the driving end of the electric cylinder (607), a fixing pin (609) is provided on the end of the push rod (608) away from the electric cylinder (607), a fixing connecting rod (611) is provided between adjacent fixing pins (609), and the fixing connecting rod (611) is connected to the movable end of the telescopic vertical rod (610).

9. The fishway system for improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish passing through a dam according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of electric cylinders (613) are arranged along the length direction of the fishway side wall (1), and the driving ends of the electric cylinders (613) are connected to the push plates (614).

10. The fishway system for improving the efficiency of bottom-dwelling fish passing through a dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fishway exit slide (7) is provided at the fishway exit (5), one end of the fishway exit slide (7) is connected to the Z-shaped flip plate (605), and the other end of the fishway exit slide (7) is inclined downward toward the upstream of the dam.

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