A fishway 90° turning pool chamber

Abstract

A 90° turning chamber for a fishway belongs to the field of fishway design. The present invention proposes a novel 90° turning chamber scheme suitable for bilaterally symmetrical multi-vertical slit fishways by alternately arranging characteristic structures such as rectangular rectifying baffles, arc-shaped guide walls, and V-shaped diversion piers, and further optimizing the number, position, length, and angle of the aforementioned characteristic structures. The present invention can eliminate the phenomenon of mainstream adhesion to the side walls in the turning section, ensuring that the mainstream is always located in the middle area of ​​the turning section, and can also allow the turning section to have multiple low-flow recirculation areas of moderate size and reasonable position distribution for upstream fish to rest, thereby avoiding the delay and inhibition of fish upstreaming caused by the turning section. In addition, the present invention can effectively reduce the flow velocity amplitude and turbulence level of the mainstream area in the turning section, thereby making the turning section more suitable for the upstream migration of the entire fish community.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of fishway design, and in particular relates to a 90-degree turning pool chamber for a fishway. Background Art

[0002] Countless dams, sluice gates, and diversion weirs have been built around the world for urban flood control, hydropower generation, water supply, agricultural irrigation, and aquaculture. The large-scale construction of artificial structures in rivers and streams has disrupted their natural longitudinal connectivity, fragmenting their habitats and isolating aquatic organisms from upstream and downstream migration paths. This has delayed or terminated essential physiological activities of fish in rivers and streams (such as spawning, wintering, and feeding), significantly reducing fishery resources, severely impacting biodiversity within river systems, and even causing the extinction of some rare migratory fish species, seriously disrupting the balance and stability of river ecosystems.

[0003] To restore river connectivity, ensure free fish migration, protect rare fish and fishery resources, improve river ecology, and restore river ecosystems, various types of fishways have been designed and constructed. Currently, major water conservancy projects incorporate the construction of fish passage facilities into their planning or construction. Practical experience has shown that fishways, as a hydraulic engineering measure to protect the ecological environment of river systems, can effectively mitigate the adverse impacts of hydraulic structures on river connectivity and the fish habitat. They can provide effective upstream and downstream pathways for fish upstream and downstream of hydraulic structures, helping to protect fishery resources, rare fish species, fish population structure diversity, and fish genetic diversity in rivers and streams, thereby ensuring the sustainable development of fish ecosystems in rivers and streams.

[0004] Fishways can be categorized by their structural form into technical fishways (such as the Daniel fishway, the pool-weir fishway (PWF), the vertical slot fishway (VSF), combined fishways, and special structural fishways) and natural / ecological fishways (such as the pool-riffle fishway and the rock-ramp fishway). Although natural / ecological fishways are constructed using natural materials and can closely replicate the hydraulic characteristics and ecological environment of natural rivers, allowing fish to experience near-natural flow conditions and habitats during migration, they occupy relatively large spaces, have relatively high requirements for topographical conditions, and cannot adapt to large fluctuations in water levels upstream and downstream of hydraulic structures. Therefore, natural / ecological fishways are generally preferred only for low-head hydraulic structures. Furthermore, the vertical slot fishway (VSF) is currently one of the most popular fishway types both domestically and internationally, having been widely used in projects worldwide. VSFs account for approximately 70% of all fishways in China. A VSF allows fish to migrate upstream at any preferred water depth through vertical slots (running vertically through the entire chamber from the bottom). This allows for excellent adaptation to large fluctuations in water levels upstream and downstream of hydraulic structures. Its relatively simple structure also offers excellent fish passage efficiency. Based on the number of slots within each chamber, vertical slot fishways (VSFs) can be further divided into traditional single-slot fishways (i.e., each chamber contains only one slot, with slots in adjacent chambers arranged on the same or opposite sides) and multi-slot fishways (MSFs, i.e., each chamber contains two or more slots, with multiple slots in adjacent chambers arranged on the same, opposite, or both sides). In particular, Patent ZL202410638536.X, "Bilaterally Symmetric Multi-Slot Fishway with Trapezoidal Diverter Piers and Gradual Divergence and Convergence Section," proposes an improved bilaterally symmetrical multi-slot fishway (designated BMSF-R in this patent application). Compared to traditional single-slot fishways, the Bilaterally Symmetrical Multi-Slot Fishway (BMSF-R) provides fish with more ample migratory space (i.e., two symmetrically arranged fish passages) and more abundant resting areas (i.e., six appropriately sized and strategically located resting areas) within each chamber. Furthermore, the BMSF-R, through the use of trapezoidal diversion piers, significantly promotes lateral diffusion of the two symmetrical main streams, further reducing velocity and turbulence within the main stream within the fishway. This makes it more suitable for upstream migration of the entire fish community (including a variety of species with varying swimming abilities) than the VSF.

[0005] To optimize the fishway entrance location and adapt it to the actual terrain and geological conditions, fishway construction often requires more than a straight line. Turns of varying angles are often required. For example, when a fishway crosses a highway or bridge, a 90° turn is often necessary. When a fishway needs to overcome a large head difference within a limited space, a 180° turn is often necessary to fully utilize site conditions. The rational arrangement of 90° or 180° turn chambers plays a crucial role in fishway construction, helping to make the fishway design more compact, alleviate topographical and geological constraints, and optimize the location of the fishway entrance. The core function of a turn chamber is to adjust the flow pattern to guide fish smoothly upstream along their migratory paths and provide a certain degree of rest for them. Previous studies on the hydrodynamics of fishways have mostly focused on conventional fishway chambers, but relatively little research has been conducted on the hydrodynamics of 90° or 180° turn chambers. Turn chamber design schemes proposed in the literature can be categorized into three types: primitive, flow-rectifying baffle, and curved guide wall. The original turning chamber is characterized by a curved concrete channel with circular, semicircular, rectangular, or polygonal sidewalls, but without any auxiliary structures on the sidewalls or within the channel. The baffle-type turning chamber features baffles of varying angles, shapes, and sizes added to the inner or outer walls or interior of the turning concrete channel. The curved guide wall-type turning chamber features curved guide walls of varying lengths and positions within the interior of the turning concrete channel.

[0006] On the one hand, extensive fish passage tests have shown that fish experience significant delays and inhibition when passing through existing 90° or 180° turn chambers. To improve fish passage efficiency and success rates, it is necessary to develop new, efficient 90° or 180° turn chamber solutions. On the other hand, while previous studies have shown that conventional chambers in bilaterally symmetrical multi-slot fishways (BMSF-Rs) provide more ample upstream space, more abundant resting areas, and lower mainstream flow velocity and turbulence than traditional single-slot fishways, no 90° or 180° turn chamber solutions for BMSF-Rs have yet been proposed. Therefore, building on previous research and incorporating the structural features of the BMSF-R, this paper proposes a new, efficient 90° turn chamber solution for bilaterally symmetrical multi-slot fishways (BMSF-Rs) with superior hydrodynamic performance by modifying the number, position, length, and angle of rectangular flow-regulating baffles, curved guide walls, and V-shaped diverter piers. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention aims to develop a 90° turn chamber for fishways that can accommodate the upstream migration of multiple target fish populations within river ecosystems and is adaptable to certain topographical and geological conditions. Specifically, for the bilaterally symmetrical multi-vertical slot fishway (BMSF-R), a 90° turn chamber is invented based on a combination of rectangular flow-regulating baffles, curved guide walls, and V-shaped diversion piers. This invention inherits the concept of using flow-regulating baffles to guide water flow in conventional single-vertical slot fishways and offers in-depth innovation and optimization. By alternating rectangular flow-regulating baffles, curved guide walls, and V-shaped diversion piers, the novel 90° turn chamber eliminates the tendency of the mainstream to adhere to the sidewalls within the turn section, ensuring that the mainstream remains in the central region of the turn. Existing research has widely recognized this mainstream characteristic as a flow pattern beneficial for upstream fish migration. Secondly, the new 90-degree turn chamber solution can effectively reduce the size of individual recirculation zones within the turn, thereby avoiding the significant delays and inhibitions in fish upstream migration caused by overly large individual recirculation zones, which have been widely observed in previous studies. Thirdly, the new 90-degree turn chamber solution not only effectively reduces the velocity amplitude and turbulence level in the mainstream area within the turn, making it more suitable for the upstream migration of the entire fish community (including a variety of fish with different swimming abilities), but also allows the presence of multiple low-velocity recirculation zones of moderate size and reasonable location within the turn for upstream fish to rest, thereby improving the utilization rate of the rest area within the turn and the efficiency of fish upstream migration. Overall, compared to traditional fishway turn section designs, the new 90-degree turn chamber solution has superior water flow patterns and hydrodynamic performance.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0009] A 90° turning fishway chamber is formed based on the combination of "rectangular flow-rectifying baffle-arc-shaped guide wall-V-shaped diversion pier", including upstream connecting area I, 90° turning area II and downstream connecting area III (see Figure 1 、 Figure 2 ).

[0010] The upstream connection area I includes a first bottom plate 1, two symmetrically distributed first side walls 2, two symmetrically distributed trapezoidal diversion piers 3, and two symmetrically distributed first rectangular rectifying baffles 4 (see Figure 1 、 Figure 2). Two symmetrically distributed first side walls 2 are arranged on both sides of the first bottom plate 1; the cross-section of the trapezoidal diverter pier 3 is a right-angled trapezoid, the lower base of the right-angled trapezoid faces downstream, and the intersection of the upper base and the right-angled side of the trapezoidal diverter pier 3 is flush with the starting section of the upstream connection area I; the right-angled side is at a certain angle to the central axis of the fishway; a gap is left between the trapezoidal diverter pier 3 and the first side wall 2; two symmetrically distributed first rectangular straightening baffles 4 are respectively vertically arranged on the first side wall 2, and the end section of the first rectangular straightening baffle 4 is flush with the end section of the upstream connection area I; the downstream slope of the first bottom plate 1 is S0, and the value range of S0 is 1%~10%, that is, it has the same value as the downstream slope of the bottom plate of the conventional fishway chamber (except the chamber with a 90° turn in the fishway).

[0011] Furthermore, let the lateral distance between the intersection of the upper base and the right-angled side of the trapezoidal diversion pier 3 and the first side wall surface 2 be L a , then L a The ratio of the width of the pool chamber B is 0.3:2.2; the width of the upper base of the trapezoidal diversion pier 3 is b d1 The ratio of the width of the pool chamber B is 0.1:2.2, the width of the bottom edge b d2 The ratio of the width of the pool chamber B is 0.2:2.2, and the length of the right angle side L d1 The ratio of the width of the pool chamber B is 0.4:2.2, and the length of the hypotenuse L d2 The ratio of the right angle of the trapezoidal diverter pier 3 to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.412:2.2; the angle α between the right angle side of the trapezoidal diverter pier 3 and the central axis of the fishway is 15°; assuming that the flow direction distance between the intersection of the upper base and the right angle of the trapezoidal diverter pier 3 and the first rectangular straightening baffle 4 is L0, then the ratio of L0 to the width B of the pool chamber is 1.67:2.2; the ratio of the length of the first bottom plate 1 along the flow direction to the width B of the pool chamber is 1.87:2.2; the ratio of the height H of the pool chamber in the upstream connecting area I (that is, the height of all the first side walls 2, the trapezoidal diverter pier 3, and the first rectangular straightening baffle 4) to the width B of the pool chamber is 2.5:2.2; the ratio of the width B0 of the first rectangular straightening baffle 4 to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.4:2.2; the ratio of the thickness I0 of the first rectangular straightening baffle 4 to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.2:2.2 (see Figure 3 ).

[0012] The 90° turning area II includes a second bottom plate 5, a second side wall 6, a third side wall 7, a second rectangular flow-rectifying baffle 9, a first arc-shaped guide wall 8, and a second arc-shaped guide wall 10 (see Figure 1 、 Figure 2). The second side wall 6 and the third side wall 7 are arranged on the inner and outer sides of the second bottom plate 5 respectively; the first arc guide wall 8, the second rectangular straightening baffle 9, and the second arc guide wall 10 are arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream; the second rectangular straightening baffle 9 is arranged perpendicular to the tangent direction of the center position of the third side wall 7; the first arc guide wall 8 and the second arc guide wall 10 are arranged symmetrically relative to the second rectangular straightening baffle 9, and are close to one side of the third side wall 7, and are always arranged parallel to the third side wall 7; the height of the first arc guide wall 8 and the second arc guide wall 10 is equal to the height of the pool chamber in the 90° turning area II (that is, the height of the second side wall 6, the third side wall 7, and the second rectangular straightening baffle 9); the downstream slope of the second bottom plate 5 is S1, which is 0%, that is, the second bottom plate 5 in the 90° turning area II is arranged horizontally.

[0013] Furthermore, assuming that the radius length of the second side wall 6 located inside the 90° turning area II is R0, the ratio of R0 to the pool chamber width B is 0.5:2.2; assuming that the radius length of the third side wall 7 located outside the 90° turning area II is R1, the ratio of R1 to the pool chamber width B is 2.7:2.2; the ratio of the width B0 of the second rectangular straightening baffle 9 to the pool chamber width B is 0.4:2.2; the ratio of the thickness I0 of the second rectangular straightening baffle 9 to the pool chamber width B is 0.2:2.2; the thickness I0 of the first arc-shaped guide wall 8 is 0. 1 and the width B of the pool chamber is 0.1:2.2; the ratio of the thickness I1 of the second curved guide wall 10 and the width B of the pool chamber is 0.1:2.2; the ratio of the radial distance B0 between the inner side of the first curved guide wall 8 and the third side wall 7 and the width B of the pool chamber is 0.4:2.2; the ratio of the radial distance B0 between the inner side of the second curved guide wall 10 and the third side wall 7 and the width B of the pool chamber is 0.4:2.2; let the angle between the central axis section of the second rectangular straightening baffle 9 and the starting section of the 90° turning area II be θ0, Then θ0=45°. According to the axial symmetry of the 90° turning area II, the angle between the central axis section of the second rectangular rectifying baffle 9 and the end section of the 90° turning area II is also θ0=45°. Let the angle between the starting section of the first curved guide wall 8 and the starting section of the 90° turning area II be θ2, then θ2=11.4°. According to the axial symmetry of the 90° turning area II, the angle between the end section of the second curved guide wall 10 and the end section of the 90° turning area II is also θ2=11.4 °; let the angle between the end section of the first curved guide wall 8 and the center axis section of the second rectangular straightening baffle 9 be θ1, then θ1=11.4°; from the axial symmetry of the 90° turning area II, it can be seen that the angle between the starting section of the second curved guide wall 10 and the center axis section of the second rectangular straightening baffle 9 is also θ1=11.4°; the ratio of the height H of the second side wall 6, the third side wall 7, the second rectangular straightening baffle 9, the first curved guide wall 8 and the second curved guide wall 10 to the pool chamber width B is 2.5:2.2 (see Figure 4 ).

[0014] The downstream connecting area III includes a third bottom plate 11, two symmetrically distributed fourth side walls 12 with a gradually expanding and suddenly contracting cross section, two symmetrically distributed third rectangular flow-rectifying baffles 13, a straight guide wall 14, a V-shaped diversion pier 15 (see Figure 1 、 Figure 2Two symmetrically distributed fourth side walls 12 with gradually expanding and suddenly contracting sections are arranged on both sides of the third bottom plate 11. The two symmetrically distributed fourth side walls 12 with gradually expanding and suddenly contracting sections are composed of four parts: a first straight section, a gradually expanding section, a second straight section and a suddenly contracting section; two symmetrically distributed third rectangular straightening baffles 13 are perpendicular to the fourth side wall 12, and the starting section is flush with the ending section of the 90° turning area II; the straight guide wall 14 is close to and parallel to the outer fourth side wall 12, and is located below the third rectangular straightening baffle 13 upstream of the V-shaped diverter pier 15; the V-shaped diverter pier 15 is located at the transition position between the first straight section and the gradually expanding section in the fourth side wall 12 with a gradually expanding-suddenly contracting section, the central axis section of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 coincides with the central axis of the downstream connecting area III, the starting vertex of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 faces upstream, and the large mouth end faces downstream; the downstream slope of the third bottom plate 11 is S0, with a value range of 1%~10%, that is, it has the same value as the downstream slope of the bottom plate of the conventional fishway chamber (except the chamber other than the 90° turning chamber of the fishway).

[0015] Furthermore, the ratio of the width B0 of the third rectangular straightening baffle 13 to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.4:2.2; the ratio of the thickness I0 of the third rectangular straightening baffle 13 to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.2:2.2; in the fourth side wall surface 12 with a gradually expanding and suddenly contracting section, the ratio of the downstream length L4 of the first straight section to the width B of the pool chamber is 1.392:2.2, the ratio of the downstream length L5 of the gradually expanding section to the width B of the pool chamber is 1.134:2.2, the ratio of the downstream length L6 of the second straight section to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.5:2.2, and the ratio of the width B2 of the suddenly contracting section to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.2:2.2; the ratio of the downstream length L1 of the straight guide wall 14 to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.3:2.2; The ratio of the thickness I1 of the straight guide wall 14 to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.1:2.2; assuming that the distance between the starting section of the straight guide wall 14 and the ending section of the third rectangular straightening baffle 13 is L2, the ratio of L2 to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.35:2.2; the starting vertex of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 is located on the central axis section of the fishway, and the ratio of the distance L3 between the starting vertex of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 and the ending section of the third rectangular straightening baffle 13 to the width B of the pool chamber is 1.0:2.2, and the ratio of the lateral distance B1 between the starting vertex of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 and the first straight section of the fourth side wall surface 12 with a gradually expanding-suddenly contracting section to the width B of the pool chamber is 1.1:2.2; the hypotenuse length L of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 VThe ratio of the hypotenuse of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 to the width of the pool chamber B is 0.7:2.2; the angle θ3 between the hypotenuse of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 and the width of the pool chamber is 60°; the angle θ4 between the gradually expanding section of the two symmetrically distributed fourth side walls 12 with gradually expanding and suddenly contracting sections and their first straight sections is 10°; the ratio of the thickness I0 of the hypotenuse of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 to the width of the pool chamber B is 0.2:2.2; the ratio of the height H of the pool chamber of the downstream connecting area III (that is, the height of all the fourth side walls 12 with gradually expanding and suddenly contracting sections, the third rectangular flow-rectifying baffle 13, the straight guide wall 14, and the V-shaped diverter pier 15) to the width of the pool chamber B is 2.5:2.2 (see Figure 5 ).

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0017] (1) A large number of existing studies have shown that for the three existing turning chamber design schemes (i.e., the original turning chamber scheme, the rectifying baffle turning chamber scheme, and the arc guide wall turning chamber scheme), the water flow direction inside the 90° turning section changes very drastically along the way, which can easily cause the main flow to directly hit the side wall surface inside the turning section (i.e., the main flow sticking to the wall phenomenon). A large number of fish passage test results in the literature show that the main flow sticking to the wall phenomenon is a very unfavorable flow pattern for fish upstream migration, and it is easy for fish to be injured by touching or hitting the side wall surface when migrating upstream along the main flow. Therefore, the main flow sticking to the wall phenomenon should be avoided as much as possible when designing the turning section scheme of the fishway. This invention innovatively arranges a combination of trapezoidal diverter piers, rectangular flow-regulating baffles, curved diversion walls, linear diversion walls, and V-shaped diversion piers within the 90° turn. This continuously limits the main flow area and gradually adjusts its direction, ensuring that the main flow remains centrally located within the 90° turn, preventing it from directly impacting the sidewalls. The resulting main flow pattern (centralized and free of wall-adherence) is widely considered to be highly beneficial for fish upstream migration.

[0018] (2) A large number of existing studies have shown that for the three existing turning chamber design schemes (i.e., the original turning chamber scheme, the rectifying baffle turning chamber scheme, and the arc guide wall turning chamber scheme), not only is it easy for the mainstream to stick to the wall in the 90° turning section, but a single low-flow recirculation zone with too large a size is also often generated. When the size of a single low-flow recirculation zone is too large, it often causes the fish entering the recirculation zone to lose their way, thereby significantly delaying or inhibiting the fish from swimming upstream, reducing the fish passing efficiency and success rate of the fishway. The present invention innovatively arranges a combination of structures such as trapezoidal diversion piers, rectangular rectifying baffles, arc guide walls, straight guide walls, and V-shaped diversion piers in the 90° turning section. While making the mainstream trajectory clearer and eliminating the mainstream sticking to the wall, it can also significantly increase the number of low-flow recirculation zones in the 90° turning section and effectively reduce the size of a single low-flow recirculation zone in the 90° turning section. The present invention makes the low-flow recirculation area within the 90-degree turning section of the fishway, where upstream fish can rest, more moderate in size and more extensive and reasonable in spatial distribution, which is conducive to improving the utilization rate of the fish rest area within the 90-degree turning section of the fishway (that is, it is conducive to the efficient entry and exit of fish from the low-flow recirculation area at the beginning / end of rest), and can improve the fish passing efficiency and success rate within the 90-degree turning section of the fishway.

[0019] (3) A large number of existing studies have shown that for the three existing turning chamber design schemes (i.e., the original turning chamber scheme, the rectifying baffle turning chamber scheme, and the arc guide wall turning chamber scheme), the interior of the 90° turning section is not only prone to the mainstream sticking to the wall phenomenon and a single oversized low-flow backflow zone, but also prone to the problem of excessive flow velocity and turbulence in the mainstream area. The present invention innovatively arranges a combination of trapezoidal diversion piers, rectangular rectifying baffles, arc guide walls, straight guide walls, V-shaped diversion piers, and other combined structures in the 90° turning section in sequence to achieve multi-batch combined energy dissipation along the way, significantly reducing the flow velocity amplitude and turbulence level in the mainstream area of ​​the 90° turning section. The present invention can effectively reduce the energy consumption of fish when migrating upstream in the 90° turning section, and can be more suitable for the upstream migration of the entire fish community (including a variety of fish with different swimming abilities) in the 90° turning section. The present invention provides a novel and efficient 90-degree turning pool arrangement scheme for a fishway suitable for upstream migration of multiple fish groups, which helps to set the fishway entrance at the optimal position and enables the fishway to have good adaptability to terrain and geological conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a two-dimensional plan view of the 90° turning chamber of the fishway formed by the combination of "rectangular rectifying baffle-arc guide wall-V-shaped diversion pier" of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the 90° turning pool of the fishway formed by the combination of "rectangular rectifying baffle-arc guide wall-V-shaped diversion pier" of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 (a) Two-dimensional plan view; (b) three-dimensional schematic view of the upstream connection area I of the 90° turning pool chamber of the fishway formed by the combination of "rectangular rectifying baffle-arc guide wall-V-shaped diversion pier" of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 (a) Two-dimensional plan view; (b) three-dimensional schematic view of the 90° turning area II of the 90° turning chamber of the fishway formed by the combination of a rectangular rectifying baffle, an arc-shaped guide wall, and a V-shaped diversion pier according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 (a) 2D plan view; (b) 3D schematic view of the downstream connecting area III of the 90° turning chamber of the fishway formed by the combination of a rectangular rectifying baffle, an arc-shaped guide wall, and a V-shaped diversion pier according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is the original 90° turning pool room.

[0026] Figure 7 It is a 90° turning tank chamber with a rectifying baffle.

[0027] Figure 8 This is the flow pattern diagram of the new 90° turn pool chamber.

[0028] In the figure: 1 first base plate; 2 first side wall; 3 trapezoidal diverter pier; 4 first rectangular straightening baffle; 5 second base plate; 6 second side wall; 7 third side wall; 8 first curved guide wall; 9 second rectangular straightening baffle; 10 second curved guide wall; 11 third base plate; 12 fourth side wall with a gradually expanding and suddenly contracting section; 13 third rectangular straightening baffle; 14 straight guide wall; 15 V-shaped diverter pier. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the invention content.

[0030] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5As shown, for the bilaterally symmetrical multi-vertical slot fishway (BMSF-R), the present invention proposes a 90° turning pool for the fishway formed by the combination of "rectangular straightening baffle-arc guide wall-V-shaped diversion pier", including: a first bottom plate 1; a first side wall 2; a trapezoidal diversion pier 3; a first rectangular straightening baffle 4; a second bottom plate 5; a second side wall 6; a third side wall 7; a first arc-shaped guide wall 8; a second rectangular straightening baffle 9; a second arc-shaped guide wall 10; a third bottom plate 11; a fourth side wall 12 with a gradually expanding-suddenly contracting section; a third rectangular straightening baffle 13; a straight guide wall 14; and a V-shaped diversion pier 15, and all the connections are fixed.

[0031] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The two-dimensional plan and three-dimensional schematic diagrams, respectively, of the 90° turn chamber of the fishway proposed in the present invention, formed using the combination of rectangular flow-regulating baffles, curved guide walls, and V-shaped diverter piers. The arrows in the figures indicate the direction of water flow. The downstream slopes of the first and third floor plates 11 within the 90° turn chamber are both S0 = 1% to 10%, the same values ​​as those of the floor plates of conventional fishway chambers. The downstream slope of the second floor plate 5 is S1 = 0%, meaning that the second floor plate 5 within the 90° turn region II is horizontal. The mainstream from the upstream connecting region I flows into the 90° turn region II through the area between the two symmetrically distributed first rectangular flow-regulating baffles 4. The combined action of the first curved guide wall 8, the second rectangular flow-regulating baffle 9, and the second curved guide wall 10 ensures a smooth 90° turn, preventing the mainstream from directly impacting the outer third sidewall 7. Simultaneously, multiple moderately sized and widely distributed low-velocity recirculation zones are created along the way, facilitating rest periods for upstream fish. The main stream in 90° turn area II flows through the area between two symmetrically arranged third rectangular flow-regulating baffles 13 and into downstream connecting area III. Here, the main stream is again restricted and regulated, preventing it from striking the fourth sidewall 12 with its gradually expanding and converging cross-section. Simultaneously, a linear guide wall 14 guides the main stream to the center. After striking V-shaped diverter pier 15 at the center, the main stream is evenly divided into two laterally symmetrical tributaries. These two tributaries smoothly enter the two symmetrically arranged fish passages within the conventional chamber of the downstream bilaterally symmetrical multi-slot fishway (BMSF-R), ensuring a smooth transition between the flow patterns of the 90° turn chamber and the conventional chamber.

[0032] Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5The two-dimensional plan view and three-dimensional schematic view of the upstream connection area I, 90° turn area II, and downstream connection area III of the novel 90° turn chamber solution for the fishway proposed in this invention are shown. The dimensions of the various components in the figure are as follows: chamber width B = 2.20m; chamber height H = 2.50m; lateral distance L between the intersection of the upper base and right-angled side of the trapezoidal diversion pier 3 and the first side wall 2 a =0.30m; width b of the upper base of the trapezoidal diversion pier 3 d1 =0.10m; lower base width b d2 =0.20m; length of the right angle side L d1 =0.40m; hypotenuse length L d2 =0.412m; the angle α between the right-angled side of the trapezoidal diverter pier 3 and the central axis of the fishway is 15°; the flow direction distance L0 between the intersection of the upper base and the right-angled side of the trapezoidal diverter pier 3 and the first rectangular straightening baffle 4 is 1.67m; the length of the first bottom plate 1 along the flow direction is 1.87m; the width B0 of the first rectangular straightening baffle 4 is 0.40m; and the thickness I0 of the first rectangular straightening baffle 4 is 0.20m.

[0033] The radius length R0 of the second side wall 6 located inside the 90° turning area II is 0.50m; the radius length R1 of the third side wall 7 located outside the 90° turning area II is 2.70m; the width B0 of the second rectangular straightening baffle 9 is 0.40m; the thickness I0 of the second rectangular straightening baffle 9 is 0.20m; the thickness I1 of the first curved guide wall 8 is 0.10m; the thickness I1 of the second curved guide wall 10 is 0.10; the first curved guide wall 8 The radial distance B0 between the inner side of the second curved guide wall 10 and the third side wall 7 is 0.40m; the radial distance B0 between the inner side of the second curved guide wall 10 and the third side wall 7 is 0.40m; the first curved guide wall 8, the second rectangular straightening baffle 9, and the second curved guide wall 10 are arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream; the angle θ0 between the central axis section of the second rectangular straightening baffle 9 and the starting section of the 90° turning area II is 45° (the angle is symmetrical with the axis of the 90° turning area II). It can be seen from the axial symmetry of the 90° turning area II that the angle between the central axis section of the second rectangular rectifying baffle 9 and the end section of the 90° turning area II is also θ0=45°); the angle between the starting section of the first curved guide wall 8 and the starting section of the 90° turning area II is θ2=11.4°; it can be seen from the axial symmetry of the 90° turning area II that the angle between the end section of the second curved guide wall 10 and the end section of the 90° turning area II is also θ2=11.4°; the first curved guide wall 8 and the end section of the 90° turning area II are also θ2=11.4°. The angle between the end section of the guide wall 8 and the center axis section of the second rectangular straightening baffle 9 is θ1=11.4°; from the axial symmetry of the 90° turning area II, it can be seen that the angle between the starting section of the second curved guide wall 10 and the center axis section of the second rectangular straightening baffle 9 is also θ1=11.4°; the height H of the second side wall 6, the third side wall 7, the second rectangular straightening baffle 9, the first curved guide wall 8 and the second curved guide wall 10 is 2.5m (see Figure 4 ).

[0034] The width B0 of the third rectangular rectifying baffle 13 is 0.40m; the thickness I0 of the third rectangular rectifying baffle 13 is 0.20m; the two symmetrically distributed fourth sidewalls 12 with gradually expanding and suddenly contracting sections are composed of a first straight section, a gradually expanding section, a second straight section and a suddenly contracting section, wherein the downstream length L4 of the first straight section is 1.392m; the downstream length L5 of the gradually expanding section is 1.134m; the downstream length L6 of the second straight section is 0.50m; the ratio of the width B2 of the suddenly contracting section to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.2:2.2; the linear guide The downstream length of the wall 14 is L1 = 0.30m; the thickness of the straight guide wall 14 is I1 = 0.10m; the distance between the starting section of the straight guide wall 14 and the ending section of the third rectangular straightening baffle 13 is L2 = 0.35m; the distance between the starting vertex of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 and the ending section of the third rectangular straightening baffle 13 is L3 = 1.00m; the lateral distance between the starting vertex of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 and the first straight section of the fourth side wall 12 with a gradually expanding and suddenly contracting section is B1 = 1.10m; the hypotenuse length L of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 is V =0.70m; the angle θ3 between the hypotenuse of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 and the width of the chamber is 60°; the angle θ4 between the gradually expanding section and the first straight section of the two symmetrically distributed fourth side walls 12 with gradually expanding and suddenly contracting sections is 10°; the thickness I0 of the hypotenuse of the V-shaped diverter pier 15 is 0.20m; the ratio of the chamber height H of the downstream connecting area III (i.e., the height of all the fourth side walls 12 with gradually expanding and suddenly contracting sections, the third rectangular flow-rectifying baffle 13, the straight guide wall 14, and the V-shaped diverter pier 15) to the chamber width B is 2.5:2.2 (see Figure 5 ).

[0035] The numerical simulation results show that compared with the original 90° turning pool chamber scheme (see Figure 6 ) and the 90° turn tank chamber solution with a rectifier baffle (see Figure 7 ), under different flow conditions, the new 90° turning chamber solution proposed in the present invention can ensure that the mainstream is always located in the middle area of ​​the turning section, eliminate the phenomenon of mainstream adhering to the side walls in the turning section, and obtain multiple low-flow recirculation areas of moderate size and reasonable position distribution in the turning section for upstream fish to rest (see Figure 8). In addition, the new 90° turn chamber scheme proposed in the present invention can also obtain relatively lower maximum time-averaged flow velocity, maximum time-averaged turbulent kinetic energy and other hydrodynamic parameters. In general, compared with the original 90° turn chamber scheme and the rectifier baffle type 90° turn chamber scheme, the new 90° turn chamber scheme proposed in the present invention has more superior water flow pattern and hydrodynamic performance. It can not only effectively avoid the significant delay and inhibition of fish upstreaming caused by poor flow pattern in the fishway turn chamber that has been widely observed in existing studies, but is also particularly suitable for the upstream migration of the entire fish community (including a variety of fish with different swimming abilities).

Claims

1. A 90° turning fishway chamber, characterized in that: It is formed based on the combination of "rectangular fairing baffle-arc guide wall-V-shaped diversion pier", including upstream connection area (I), 90° turning area (II) and downstream connection area (III); The upstream connection area (I) comprises a first bottom plate (1), two symmetrically distributed first side walls (2), two symmetrically distributed trapezoidal diversion piers (3), and two symmetrically distributed first rectangular rectifying baffles (4); the two symmetrically distributed first side walls (2) are arranged on both sides of the first bottom plate (1); the cross section of the trapezoidal diversion pier (3) is a right-angled trapezoid, the lower base of the right-angled trapezoid faces downstream, and the intersection of the upper base and the right-angled side of the trapezoidal diversion pier (3) is flush with the starting section of the upstream connection area (I); the right-angled side forms a certain angle with the central axis of the fishway; a gap is left between the trapezoidal diversion pier (3) and the first side wall (2); the two symmetrically distributed first rectangular rectifying baffles (4) are respectively arranged vertically on the first side wall (2), and the end section of the first rectangular rectifying baffle (4) is flush with the end section of the upstream connection area (I); the first bottom plate (1) has a downstream slope of S0, and the value range of S0 is 1%~10%; The 90° turning area (II) includes a second bottom plate (5), a second side wall (6), a third side wall (7), a second rectangular flow-regulating baffle (9), a first arc-shaped flow-guiding wall (8), and a second arc-shaped flow-guiding wall (10); the second side wall (6) and the third side wall (7) are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the second bottom plate (5), respectively; the first arc-shaped flow-guiding wall (8), the second rectangular flow-regulating baffle (9), and the second arc-shaped flow-guiding wall (10) are arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream; the second rectangular flow-regulating baffle (9) is perpendicular to the third side wall (7). The first curved guide wall (8) and the second curved guide wall (10) are arranged symmetrically relative to the second rectangular rectifying baffle (9), and are close to the side of the third side wall (7), and are always arranged parallel to the third side wall (7); the height of the first curved guide wall (8) and the second curved guide wall (10) is equal to the height of the pool chamber in the 90° turning area (II); the slope of the second bottom plate (5) in the downstream direction is S1, which is 0%, that is, the second bottom plate (5) in the 90° turning area (II) is arranged horizontally; The downstream connection area (III) includes a third bottom plate (11), two symmetrically distributed fourth side walls (12) with gradually expanding and suddenly contracting sections, two symmetrically distributed third rectangular flow-rectifying baffles (13), a straight guide wall (14), and a V-shaped diversion pier (15); the two symmetrically distributed fourth side walls (12) with gradually expanding and suddenly contracting sections are arranged on both sides of the third bottom plate (11), and the two symmetrically distributed fourth side walls (12) with gradually expanding and suddenly contracting sections are composed of a first straight section, a gradually expanding section, a second straight section, and a suddenly contracting section; the two symmetrically distributed third rectangular flow-rectifying baffles (13) are perpendicular to the fourth side wall (12). , and the starting section is flush with the ending section of the 90° turning area (II); the straight guide wall (14) is close to and parallel to the outer fourth side wall (12), and is located downstream of the third rectangular rectifying baffle (13) and upstream of the V-shaped diverter pier (15); the V-shaped diverter pier (15) is located at the transition position between the first straight section and the gradually expanding section in the fourth side wall (12) with a gradually expanding-suddenly contracting section, the central axis section of the V-shaped diverter pier (15) coincides with the central axis of the downstream connecting area (III), the starting vertex of the V-shaped diverter pier (15) faces upstream, and the large mouth end faces downstream; the downstream slope of the third bottom plate (11) is S0, and the value range is 1%~10%; The radius length of the second side wall (6) located inside the 90° turning area (II) is R0, and the ratio of R0 to the pool chamber width B is 0.5:2.2; the radius length of the third side wall (7) located outside the 90° turning area (II) is R1, and the ratio of R1 to the pool chamber width B is 2.7:2.2; the ratio of the width B0 of the second rectangular flow-regulating baffle (9) to the pool chamber width B is 0.4:2.2; the ratio of the thickness of the second rectangular flow-regulating baffle (9) to the pool chamber width B is 0.2:2.2; the ratio of the thickness of the first arc-shaped guide wall (8) to the pool chamber width B is is 0.1:2.2; the ratio of the thickness of the second curved guide wall (10) to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.1:2.2; the ratio of the radial distance B0 between the inner side surface of the first curved guide wall (8) and the third side wall surface (7) to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.4:2.2; the ratio of the radial distance B0 between the inner side surface of the second curved guide wall (10) and the third side wall surface (7) to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.4:2.2; the angle between the central axis section of the second rectangular rectifying baffle (9) and the starting section of the 90° turning area (II) is θ0, then θ0=45°, from The axial symmetry of the 90° turning area (II) shows that the angle between the center axis section of the second rectangular rectifying baffle (9) and the end section of the 90° turning area (II) is also θ0=45°; the angle between the starting section of the first arc guide wall (8) and the starting section of the 90° turning area (II) is θ2, then θ2=11.4°; the axial symmetry of the 90° turning area (II) shows that the angle between the end section of the second arc guide wall (10) and the end section of the 90° turning area (II) is also θ2=11.4°; the first arc guide wall (8) and the end section of the 90° turning area (II) are respectively θ0=45° and θ2=11.4°. The angle between the end section of the guide wall (8) and the center axis section of the second rectangular straightening baffle (9) is θ1, and θ1=11.4°; it is known from the axial symmetry of the 90° turning area (II) that the angle between the starting section of the second curved guide wall (10) and the center axis section of the second rectangular straightening baffle (9) is also θ1=11.4°; the ratio of the height H of the second side wall (6), the third side wall (7), the second rectangular straightening baffle (9), the first curved guide wall (8) and the second curved guide wall (10) to the pool chamber width B is 2.5:2.

2.

2. The 90° turning fishway chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral distance between the intersection of the upper base and the right-angled side of the trapezoidal diversion pier (3) and the first side wall (2) is L. a , then L a The ratio of the width of the chamber B is 0.3:2.2; the width of the upper base of the trapezoidal diversion pier (3) is b d1 The ratio of the width of the pool chamber B is 0.1:2.2, the width of the bottom edge b d2 The ratio of the width of the pool chamber B is 0.2:2.2, and the length of the right angle side L d1 The ratio of the width of the pool chamber B is 0.4:2.2, and the length of the hypotenuse L d2 The ratio of the right angle of the trapezoidal diversion pier (3) to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.412:2.2; the angle α between the right angle side of the trapezoidal diversion pier (3) and the central axis of the fishway is 15°; the flow direction distance between the intersection of the upper base side and the right angle side of the trapezoidal diversion pier (3) and the first rectangular flow-rectifying baffle (4) is L0, and the ratio of L0 to the width B of the pool chamber is 1.67:2.2; the ratio of the length of the first bottom plate (1) along the flow direction to the width B of the pool chamber is 1.87:2.2; the ratio of the height H of the pool chamber of the upstream connecting area (I) to the width B of the pool chamber is 2.5:2.2; the ratio of the width B0 of the first rectangular flow-rectifying baffle (4) to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.4:2.2; and the ratio of the thickness of the first rectangular flow-rectifying baffle (4) to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.2:2.

2.

3. The 90° turning fishway chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the width B0 of the third rectangular flow-rectifying baffle (13) to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.4:2.2; the ratio of the thickness of the third rectangular flow-rectifying baffle (13) to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.2:2.2; in the fourth side wall (12) with the gradually expanding-suddenly contracting section, the ratio of the downstream length L4 of the first straight section to the width B of the pool chamber is 1.392:2.2, the ratio of the downstream length L5 of the gradually expanding section to the width B of the pool chamber is 1.134:2.2, the ratio of the downstream length L6 of the second straight section to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.5:2.2, and the ratio of the width B2 of the suddenly contracting section to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.2:2.2; the ratio of the downstream length L1 of the straight guide wall (14) to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.3:2.2; the straight guide wall ( The ratio of the thickness of the straight guide wall (14) to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.1:2.2; the distance between the starting section of the straight guide wall (14) and the ending section of the third rectangular straightening baffle (13) is L2, and the ratio of L2 to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.35:2.2; the starting vertex of the V-shaped diversion pier (15) is located on the middle axis section of the fishway, and the ratio of the distance L3 between the starting vertex of the V-shaped diversion pier (15) and the ending section of the third rectangular straightening baffle (13) to the width B of the pool chamber is 1.0:2.2, and the ratio of the transverse distance B1 between the starting vertex of the V-shaped diversion pier (15) and the first straight section of the fourth side wall surface (12) with a gradually expanding-suddenly contracting section to the width B of the pool chamber is 1.1:2.2; the hypotenuse length L of the V-shaped diversion pier (15) is 0.1:2.

2. V The ratio of the thickness of the hypotenuse of the V-shaped diverter pier (15) to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.7:2.2; the angle θ3 between the hypotenuse of the V-shaped diverter pier (15) and the width direction of the pool chamber is 60°; the angle θ4 between the gradually expanding section of the two symmetrically distributed fourth side walls (12) with gradually expanding-contracting sections and their first straight sections is 10°; the ratio of the thickness of the hypotenuse of the V-shaped diverter pier (15) to the width B of the pool chamber is 0.2:2.2; the ratio of the pool chamber height H to the width B of the pool chamber in the downstream connecting area (III) is 2.5:2.2.

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