Real-time sensing type measuring device and real-time measuring method for surrounding rock displacement

Abstract

The invention discloses a real-time sensing type measuring device for surrounding rock displacement and a measuring method of the real-time sensing type measuring device. The device comprises a plurality of circular pipes, a distance measuring device and a supporting device. The circular pipes are arranged along the coaxial line, and any two adjacent circular pipes are nested end to end and can freely slide in the axial direction. A distance measuring device is mounted in each circular tube and is used for measuring the displacement of the adjacent circular tube; a supporting device is arranged outside each round pipe, one end of each supporting device can adjust the included angle with the axis of the round pipe and is used for adjusting the distance between the central axis of the round pipe and the surrounding rock wall, and the other end is embedded into the surrounding rock. When the surrounding rock displaces, the supporting device drives the circular pipe to slide so as to trigger the displacement change of the distance measuring device, and displacement data of the surrounding rock are obtained in real time through the distance measuring device and transmitted to the data acquisition and processing module for real-time monitoring and analysis. According to the measuring method, the displacement of the surrounding rock can be accurately monitored in real time, reliable displacement data support is provided, and the safety of tunnel construction is effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel surrounding rock state monitoring, and in particular to a real-time sensing measurement device and a real-time measurement method for surrounding rock displacement. Background Art

[0002] The forces and deformations of tunnel structures are closely related to the interaction with the surrounding rock mass. The support structure and surrounding rock mass function as a unified force-bearing system, interacting and functioning together. The deformation and displacement of various points within the surrounding rock mass surrounding a tunnel are direct manifestations of its dynamic changes. They reflect both the degree and extent of relaxation within the surrounding rock mass, and are important indicators for assessing rock mass stability. Real-time monitoring of deformation and displacement within tunnel surrounding rock mass is crucial for ensuring safe construction and stable operation. Dynamic monitoring of deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock mass around a tunnel can reveal and understand its temporal and spatial evolution, providing scientific guidance for informed decision-making in tunnel design, construction, and subsequent operational plans, as well as the timely formulation of emergency response measures. As tunnel construction continues to evolve towards deeper burials, larger cross-sections, and more complex geological conditions, real-time monitoring and measurement of tunnel surrounding rock mass has become increasingly important. Typically, monitoring deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock mass around a tunnel at a construction site requires a large number of measurement points, long monitoring times, and high frequency, placing stringent requirements on monitoring equipment. These devices must feature a wide range, multiple measurement points, high precision, reliability, durability, ease of installation and use, and low overall cost. However, current research on measuring deformation and displacement within the surrounding rock mass around tunnels primarily focuses on shallow or localized deformation monitoring, or exploring the deformation patterns of the surrounding rock mass through numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. There is a lack of large-scale, practical measurement data on the deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock mass deep within tunnels. This limitation stems primarily from the difficulty of actual measurement, as well as the lack of large-range, multi-point measurement devices suitable for monitoring deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock mass deep within tunnels, which cannot meet actual needs.

[0003] Currently, commonly used devices for measuring the internal deformation and displacement of tunnel surrounding rock are mainly divided into three types: electrical, mechanical, and grouting-anchor. They usually consist of a positioning device, a displacement transmission device, a hole fixture, a dial indicator, or a readout. Electrical displacement measuring devices transmit and receive electrical signals through a readout, offering high measurement accuracy, a high degree of automation, and ease of reading and remote measurement. They are particularly suitable for use on construction sites, significantly saving labor costs. Mechanical displacement measuring devices have a simple structure, are easy to install, offer good durability and stability, and have a low overall cost of use, but they suffer from low measurement accuracy and large errors. Grouting-anchor displacement measuring devices achieve anchoring by injecting a slurry or anchoring agent with coagulation and hardening properties into the annular gap between the borehole and the measuring device. This device is easy to operate and low in cost, but due to the complex and invisible drilling conditions, the diffusion range of the slurry during the grouting process cannot be controlled, resulting in often unstable actual anchoring effects. Although the three types of displacement measurement devices currently on the market can all complete the measurement task of tunnel surrounding rock deformation and displacement within a certain range, the measurement range of existing equipment is generally small and the number of measuring points is limited (generally within 3 measuring points). It is usually only suitable for monitoring surrounding rock deformation and displacement within a shallow range and at a small number of measuring points. For large-scale, multi-point deformation and displacement monitoring of surrounding rock deep in tunnels, the existing technology and equipment are still insufficient. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop equipment suitable for large-scale, multi-point surrounding rock deformation and displacement monitoring to meet the practical application needs of revealing the temporal and spatial evolution of deformation and displacement inside surrounding rocks under deep buried, large-section tunnels and complex geological conditions, thereby providing scientific guidance for the safety and reliability of tunnel design, construction and subsequent operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to monitor the deformation and displacement evolution law of the surrounding rock in a large range and at multiple measuring points in real time. The purpose is to provide a real-time sensing measurement device and real-time measurement method for surrounding rock displacement, so as to realize real-time monitoring of deformation and displacement changes of the surrounding rock at a large depth and multiple points.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement comprises a plurality of circular tubes, a plurality of distance measuring devices and a plurality of supporting devices; the plurality of circular tubes are coaxially arranged, and any two adjacent circular tubes are nested end to end and can slide freely relative to each other in the axial direction; a distance measuring device for measuring the displacement of the adjacent circular tube is installed inside any circular tube of the plurality of circular tubes; a supporting device is installed outside any circular tube of the plurality of circular tubes, and an angle between one end of the supporting device and the axis of the circular tube is adjustable for adjusting the distance between the central axis of the circular tube and the wall of the surrounding rock borehole, and the other end of the supporting device is used to be embedded in or adhered to the wall of the surrounding rock borehole.

[0007] Through the above structural design, the support device is embedded in or adheres to the wall of the surrounding rock borehole. The point where the two contact each other forms a measurement point for surrounding rock displacement. The support device is embedded in or adheres to the wall of the surrounding rock borehole. Specifically, when the surrounding rock is soft, the support block of the support device may be able to embed into the wall of the surrounding rock borehole. However, if the surrounding rock is hard, embedding may be difficult. The support device and the surrounding rock borehole wall are in close contact. When the support device and the surrounding rock borehole wall are in close contact, the friction between them enables the support device to move synchronously when the surrounding rock deforms and displaces. When a certain point in the surrounding rock deforms and displaces, the friction between the embedded support device or the surrounding rock borehole wall and the support device drives the corresponding support device to pull the connected section of the circular tube and move synchronously. Because this section of circular tube can slide relative to the adjacent circular tube, the displacement change of this section of circular tube and the adjacent circular tube can be measured in real time by the corresponding distance measuring device, and the displacement of the surrounding rock at the corresponding measuring point can be monitored. Because the number of circular tubes can be assembled according to the depth of the surrounding rock drilling, a wide range of surrounding rock displacement measurements can be achieved. Each circular tube is equipped with a support device and a distance measuring device, so that the displacement of the surrounding rock can be monitored in real time at multiple points.

[0008] Furthermore, the support device includes a fixed plate, a torsion spring, an adjustment plate, and a support block. The fixed plate is fixedly mounted to the outer wall of the circular tube. One end of the adjustment plate is hinged to one end of the fixed plate via a hinge shaft, and the other end is mounted to the support block. The support block is configured to be embedded in or conform to the wall of the surrounding rock borehole. The torsion spring is nested outside the pin shaft and is mounted via the pin shaft to a positioning hinge block provided on the exterior of the circular tube, located at the hinged connection between the adjustment plate and the fixed plate. One end of the torsion spring is fixedly mounted to the fixed plate, and the other end is fixedly mounted to the adjustment plate. The torsion spring is configured to adjust the angle between the adjustment plate and the fixed plate, thereby generating a force between the support block and the wall of the surrounding rock borehole. In this manner, when the surrounding rock at that location is displaced, the force drives the circular tube to move via the support device, thereby moving the distance measuring device as well, thereby measuring the displacement of the surrounding rock at that location.

[0009] The support device can also directly use a cylindrical rod hinged to the outer wall of the circular tube, and a clamp is set at the other end of the cylindrical rod for embedding or fitting into the wall of the surrounding rock drill hole. The angle between the cylindrical rod and the circular tube is adjusted by a spring or rubber rope.

[0010] The supporting device can also directly adopt an elastic bent steel sheet or claw spring, one end of which is fixedly installed on the outside of the circular tube, and the other end is provided with a clamp for embedding in the surrounding rock, and the steel sheet or claw spring is bent in a direction away from the axis of the circular tube.

[0011] The three types of support devices mentioned above are selected according to the specific environment. The support device is mainly used to connect each circular tube to the wall of the surrounding rock drill hole corresponding to the circular tube and generate a force. When the surrounding rock is displaced, the support device can drive the circular tube to move at that location. When the displacement of the circular tube changes, the distance measuring device inside the adjacent circular tube can detect the displacement of the circular tube, and thus the displacement of the surrounding rock can be obtained.

[0012] Furthermore, the supporting device also includes a pair of magnets with opposite magnetic properties, one of the pair of magnets is installed on the adjustment plate, and the other one with opposite magnetic properties is installed on the fixed plate, for generating a repulsive force between the adjustment plate and the fixed plate.

[0013] By adding a pair of magnets with opposite magnetic properties, a repulsive force is generated between the adjusting plate and the fixed plate. At the same time, under the action of the torque of the torsion spring, the repulsive force between the adjusting plate and the fixed plate is further increased, thereby increasing the embedding depth between the support block on the adjusting plate and the wall of the surrounding rock drill hole and increasing the friction force. When the surrounding rock deforms and displaces, the circular tube is more reliably driven to move synchronously, thereby enhancing the measurement accuracy and reliability of the surrounding rock displacement.

[0014] Furthermore, the ranging device includes a ranging sensor, a wing plate and a power supply and signal line; the ranging sensor is installed in the middle of one side of the wing plate; through holes are provided on both sides of the wing plate, the circular tube is provided with threaded holes matching the through holes, and the wing plate is installed inside the circular tube by screws; one end of the power supply and signal line is connected to the ranging sensor, and the other end is used to connect to the data acquisition and processing module outside the surrounding rock drilling hole; the ranging sensor is any one of a laser ranging sensor, an infrared ranging sensor or an ultrasonic ranging sensor.

[0015] The working process of the ranging sensor, for example, selects a laser ranging sensor. The laser ranging sensor on the current circular tube sends out a laser signal, and detects the back of the laser ranging sensor of the circular tube in front of the adjacent laser emission as the target. At this time, the signal is reflected back to the receiving end of the sensor. When the sensor itself or the adjacent circular tube is displaced, the optical path difference changes, and the corresponding displacement can be measured in real time.

[0016] Furthermore, a real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement also includes a plurality of supporting flanges, and any one of the supporting flanges is fixedly nested at both ends of the outside of any one of the plurality of circular tubes; one end face of the flange is a plane, and the other end face is provided with a concave conical inclined surface, and the concave conical inclined surface is used to limit the assembly of the circular tube 2; the outer circular surface of the flange is used to limit the minimum rotation angle of the adjustment plate; the flange is also provided with a positioning hole for installation and positioning.

[0017] By adding a supporting flange, the adjustment plate of the supporting device can be limited. That is, when the measuring device is installed in the surrounding rock drill hole, the drill hole diameter is small, and the adjustment plate is squeezed, so that the angle between the adjustment plate and the circular tube is reduced. At this time, the adjustment plate rests on the outer circumferential surface of the supporting flange and is limited to avoid being further compressed onto the circular tube and unable to be embedded in or fit the wall of the surrounding rock drill hole.

[0018] Furthermore, at least four supporting devices are installed on any one of the plurality of circular tubes, and the plurality of supporting devices are evenly arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the circular tube.

[0019] Increasing the number of support devices allows the circular tube to be supported on all four sides against the wall of the surrounding rock borehole, allowing it to remain suspended. When the surrounding rock shifts, all four support devices pull the circular tube, further enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the surrounding rock displacement measurement.

[0020] Any one of the plurality of circular tubes includes a middle tube body, which is a hollow circular tube. A front tube body and a rear tube body are respectively arranged at both ends of the middle tube body. The front tube body is composed of two symmetrical front sockets; two symmetrical front empty bayonet holes are formed between the two front sockets; the rear tube body is composed of two symmetrically distributed rear sockets; two symmetrical rear empty bayonet holes are formed between the two rear sockets; the front tube body and the rear tube body are staggered at 90 degrees in the circumferential direction; the two rear sockets of any one of the plurality of circular tubes can be inserted into the front empty bayonet holes of any other of the plurality of circular tubes to form a circular ring.

[0021] By configuring the front and rear ends of the circular tube as socket strips, the weight of the circular tube can be further reduced, so that when the surrounding rock is displaced, even a small displacement can pull the circular tube to move synchronously, thereby further increasing the accuracy and reliability of the surrounding rock displacement measurement. At the same time, it effectively reduces the labor intensity of on-site operators when installing the device of the present invention.

[0022] Furthermore, one end of a front socket of any one of the plurality of round tubes is provided with a positioning and fixing platform; threaded holes for installing wing plates of the distance measuring device are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the positioning and fixing platform.

[0023] By adding a positioning and fixing platform, it is easy to install the distance measuring device. Of course, if there is no positioning and fixing platform, threaded holes can be drilled on the front or rear socket strips and the device can be directly installed on the front or rear socket strips.

[0024] Furthermore, the plurality of circular tubes also include a first section circular tube, which is composed of a conical guide head and a first section circular tube body; the conical guide head makes it easier for the device of the present invention to be inserted and installed into a borehole in the tunnel surrounding rock; the rear end of the conical guide head is two symmetrically arranged first section socket strips, and two symmetrical first section empty bayonet holes are formed between the two first section socket strips; the two front socket strips of any one of the plurality of circular tubes can be inserted into the two first section empty bayonet holes of the first section circular tube to form a circular ring; a supporting flange is embedded in the end of the first section circular tube body.

[0025] By adding the first section of the circular tube, the entire measuring device is further increased to facilitate installation inside the surrounding rock borehole. At the same time, the measuring device is clamped in the surrounding rock borehole using the conical guide head of the first section of the circular tube, further facilitating measurement of the displacement of the surrounding rock.

[0026] A method for real-time measurement of surrounding rock displacement, using the real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement, comprises the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Determine the depth range and number of measurement points for deformation and displacement measurement inside the surrounding rock boreholes surrounding the tunnel;

[0028] Step 2: Assemble the required number of circular tubes, and the corresponding number of distance measuring devices and support devices according to the depth range of the surrounding rock to be measured and the number of measuring points;

[0029] Step 3: Install the assembled real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement into the borehole of the surrounding rock to be measured, with one end of the support device of the measurement device embedded in or attached to the wall of the borehole of the surrounding rock;

[0030] Step 4: When a certain section of the surrounding rock is displaced, the supporting device is dragged, and the supporting device pulls the circular tube, thereby driving the distance measuring device installed inside the circular tube to move synchronously, and then the displacement change of the surrounding rock at the measuring point is measured in real time. The displacement data is output to the data acquisition and processing module through the distance measuring device, and the deformation displacement changes at multiple measuring points inside the surrounding rock can be observed in real time through the data acquisition and processing module.

[0031] The working process of the present invention is as follows: First, the borehole's orientation, depth, and distribution of measuring points are determined based on the depth range of the surrounding rock to be measured and the required number of measuring points. Based on the determined depth range and number of measuring points, a corresponding number of circular tubes, distance measuring devices, and support devices are prepared and assembled. A distance measuring device is installed in each circular tube, while the support device is responsible for supporting and reliably contacting the borehole wall with the surrounding rock, ensuring stability and accuracy. The assembled measuring device is carefully installed inside the borehole in the surrounding rock. One end of the support device is embedded in or in contact with the borehole wall, ensuring that the device can effectively sense and respond to any displacement in the surrounding rock. The installation position of the circular tube and distance measuring device ensures that they can reflect the overall displacement changes within the surrounding rock. When a section of the surrounding rock shifts, the support device is dragged by the displacement, causing the connected circular tube to move synchronously. The displacement of the circular tube is measured in real time by the distance measuring device, accurately capturing the displacement changes of the surrounding rock at that measuring point. At this point, the distance measuring device automatically senses the displacement of the circular tube and outputs the displacement data in real time. The ranging device transmits the captured displacement data to the data acquisition and processing module. This module processes and analyzes the received data in real time in order to monitor the dynamic changes in the deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock in real time. Through the data display platform, technicians can view the changing patterns of the surrounding rock displacement at any time and take timely countermeasures to ensure the safety and reliability of tunnel design, construction and subsequent operations. The data acquisition and processing module sends an alarm signal or prompt to the system control center based on the changes in the surrounding rock displacement. If the displacement reaches the preset safety threshold, the system will automatically issue an alarm to prompt the staff to conduct further inspections or timely adjustments to the current tunnel construction or subsequent operation status. Through the real-time monitoring of the device, the displacement changes of the surrounding rock around the tunnel can be effectively tracked and recorded, providing strong protection for the safety of tunnel design, construction and operation.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The present invention provides a real-time sensing measurement device and method for surrounding rock displacement, which can achieve real-time measurement of deformation and displacement changes within the surrounding rock over a wide range.

[0034] 2. The present invention provides a real-time sensing measurement device and real-time measurement method for surrounding rock displacement, which can realize multi-point real-time measurement of the deformation and displacement inside the surrounding rock, thereby better revealing the temporal and spatial evolution law of the deformation and displacement inside the surrounding rock, and providing a more scientific guidance basis for tunnel design, construction and later operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a partial assembly exploded view of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of the first section of the circular tube of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional axonometric diagram of the first section of the circular tube of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the circular tube of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional axial schematic diagram of the circular tube of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a front view of the end face of the circular tube and the supporting flange assembled according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional partial schematic diagram of the assembly of the circular tube and the supporting flange of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the support device of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the distance measuring device of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the partial assembly structure of the present invention.

[0047] Reference numerals and corresponding component names:

[0048] 1-first section of round tube, 11-conical guide head, 12-first section of round tube body, 121-first section of socket strip, 122-first section of empty bayonet;

[0049] 2-round tube, 21-front tube body, 211-front socket, 212-front empty bayonet, 213-positioning and connecting platform, 2131-threaded hole, 214-positioning hinge block, 22-rear tube body, 221-rear socket, 222-rear empty bayonet;

[0050] 31-supporting flange, 311-positioning hole, 32-concave tapered surface;

[0051] 4-support device, 41-fixed plate, 42-torsion spring, 43-adjusting plate, 44-support block;

[0052] 5- distance measuring device, 51- distance measuring sensor, 52- wing plate, 53- screw hole, 54- power supply and signal line;

[0053] 6-Data acquisition and processing module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with examples and drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0055] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessarily required to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the present invention.

[0056] Throughout this specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, appearances of the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combinations and / or subcombinations. Furthermore, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the figures provided herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0057] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", "down", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Example

[0059] like Figures 1 to 11As shown, the present invention provides a real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement, comprising a plurality of circular tubes 2, a plurality of distance measuring devices 5 and a plurality of supporting devices 4; the plurality of circular tubes 2 are coaxially arranged, and any two adjacent circular tubes 2 are nested end to end and can slide freely relative to each other in the axial direction; a distance measuring device 5 for measuring the displacement of the adjacent circular tube is installed inside any circular tube 2 of the plurality of circular tubes 2; a supporting device 4 is installed outside any circular tube 2 of the plurality of circular tubes 2, and the angle between one end of the supporting device 4 and the axis of the circular tube 2 is adjustable, so as to adjust the distance between the central axis of the circular tube 2 and the wall of the surrounding rock borehole, and the other end is used to be embedded in or fit the wall of the surrounding rock borehole.

[0060] In some embodiments, it also includes a first section of circular tube 1, the front portion of which is connected to the plurality of circular tubes 2 by a socket connection. The first section of the circular tube 1 is mainly composed of a conical guide head 11 and a first section of the circular tube body 12; the conical guide head 11 is used to facilitate the insertion and installation of the device of the present invention into the drill hole in the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and also has the function of supporting the first section of the circular tube 1; the first section of the circular tube body 12 is a hollow circular tube, one end of which is fixedly connected to the middle part of the end face of the conical guide head 11, and the first section of the circular tube body 12 is composed of two first section socket strips arranged symmetrically on the left and right, and two first section empty bayonet slots 122 symmetrically formed between the two first section socket strips are formed in an upper and lower direction; a supporting flange 31 for supporting the first section of the circular tube 1 is fixedly connected at a position 5 to 85 cm away from the end of the other end of the first section of the circular tube body 12, and a concave conical inclined surface 32 is provided on the end face of the supporting flange 31 away from the conical guide head 11, which abuts against the supporting device 4 subsequently installed on the circular tube 2, and positioning holes 311 are respectively provided on the upper, lower, left and right sides of the supporting flange 31 for assisting the positioning of the circular tube 2 during the installation process.

[0061] In some embodiments, any one of the several circular tubes 2 includes a middle tube body, which is a hollow circular tube. A front tube body 21 and a rear tube body 22 are respectively arranged at both ends of the middle tube body. The front tube body 21 is composed of two front support strips 211 that are symmetrical in the upper and lower parts, and two front empty bayonet slots 212 that are symmetrical in the left and right parts are formed between the two front support strips 211. A positioning and fixing platform 213 for fixing the distance measuring device 5 is provided at one end of one of the front support strips 211, and threaded holes 2131 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the positioning and fixing platform 213; a supporting flange 31 for supporting the front tube body 21 is provided at the other end of the front support strip 211, and four groups of positioning hinge blocks 214 for the torsion spring 42 of the hinged support device 4 are respectively symmetrically provided on the upper and lower left and right sides of the front tube body 21 at a distance of 5 to 85 cm from the end face of the supporting flange 31; on the other end face of the supporting flange 31, a concave conical inclined surface 32 is provided for abutting against the support device 4 subsequently installed on the circular tube 2. The rear tube body 22 is also composed of two symmetrical rear socket strips 221. Two symmetrical rear empty bayonet slots 222 are formed between the two rear socket strips 221. Another supporting flange 31 is sleeved and fixedly connected to the end of the rear tube body 22. On the end surface of the supporting flange 31 away from the rear socket strip 221, a concave tapered inclined surface 32 is also provided, which abuts against the supporting device 4 subsequently installed on the circular tube 2.

[0062] In some embodiments, several supporting flanges 31 are also included, one embedded at the end of the first section of the circular tube 12, and one each embedded in the middle (end of the front tube 21) and the end (end of the rear tube 22) of the circular tube 2, to support the measuring device in the surrounding rock drilling. Positioning holes 311 are provided on the upper, lower, left, and right sides of the supporting flanges 31 to assist in positioning the circular tube 2 during installation. The end face of the supporting flange 31 facing the conical guide head 11 is a smooth plane, while the end face of the supporting flange 31 facing away from the conical guide head 11 (i.e., the end face facing the direction of the surrounding rock drilling hole) is provided with a concave conical inclined surface 32 that abuts against the supporting device 4 subsequently installed on the circular tube 2, which can limit the adjustment plates 43 of the four supporting devices 4 installed on the subsequent circular tube 2, that is, the maximum angular position that the adjustment plates 43 can open; at the same time, the length of the adjustment plates 43 is relatively long, and when it is pressed down, its lowest position will abut against the top of the supporting flange 31 that is immediately adjacent to it to achieve positioning. That is, only one supporting flange 31 is provided on the first section of the circular tube 1, while two supporting flanges 31 are provided on the circular tube 2. The supporting flange 31 is used to support the measuring device in the surrounding rock drilling, and is also used to limit the lowest position that the adjustment plate 43 can reach.

[0063] In some embodiments, the support device 4 is used to tightly contact the present invention with the surrounding rock wall of the borehole to form a measuring point. The support device 4 is mainly composed of a fixed plate 41, a torsion spring 42, an adjustment plate 43, and a support block 44. The fixed plate 41 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the front tube body 21, one end of the torsion spring 42 is fixed to the upper surface of the fixed plate 41, and the pin at the center of the torsion spring 42 is inserted into a through hole set in the middle of the positioning hinge block 214, so that the support device 4 is hinged to the positioning hinge block 214. One end of the adjustment plate 43 is hinged to one end of the fixed plate 41, and the lower surface of the adjustment plate 43 is fixed to the other end of the torsion spring 42. The other end of the adjustment plate 43 is provided with a support block 44 for tightly contacting the surrounding rock wall of the borehole. In this way, under the action of the torque of the torsion spring, the support block 44 generates a force on the surrounding rock wall of the borehole. In addition, magnets with opposite polarities are provided on the upper surface of the fixed plate 41 and the lower surface of the adjustment plate 43, respectively. These magnets assist the torsion spring 42 in providing support force to the adjustment plate 43 pointing outward toward the borehole wall, thereby better enabling the support device 4 to be embedded in or adhered to the surrounding rock borehole wall, generating a greater force. This facilitates the movement of the circular tube 2 when the surrounding rock is displaced, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement. On the outer wall surface of each front tube body 21, a support device 4 is hingedly mounted at four locations, namely, four support devices 4 are hingedly mounted on each circular tube 2, equidistantly distributed around the circumference of the circular tube 2. During the installation process of inserting the present invention into the borehole, all the adjustment plates 43 are compressed to varying degrees away from the wall of the surrounding rock borehole, that is, the angle between the fixed plate 41 and the adjustment plate 43 is reduced. When the present invention is installed in place, under the combined effect of the repulsive force of the torsion spring 42 and the magnets with opposite polarities set on the surface of the fixed plate 41 and the adjustment plate 43, all the adjustment plates 43 will expand in the direction of the wall of the surrounding rock borehole, so that the support blocks 44 are tightly abutted against the wall of the surrounding rock borehole. Due to the large frictional resistance and supporting force between the support blocks 44 and the wall of the borehole, the present invention can only be pushed forward in the borehole and cannot be pulled out; each circular tube 2 can only move synchronously in the direction of the surrounding rock borehole mouth as the surrounding rock deforms and displaces, thereby performing real-time measurement of the deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock corresponding to each circular tube 2.

[0064] In some embodiments, the distance measuring device 5 can adopt a variety of different types such as laser distance measuring sensors, infrared distance measuring sensors, ultrasonic distance measuring sensors, etc., which have real-time dynamic perception and accurate measurement of the distance (displacement) between target points. Two wing plates 52 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the bottom of the distance measuring device 5, and two screw holes 53 are symmetrically provided in the middle of the wing plates 52. When installing the distance measuring device 5, it is inserted into the positioning and fixing platform 213 of the front tube body 21 from one end, and the signal transmitting end on one side of the distance measuring sensor 51 is pointed to the conical guide head 11, and one side of the power supply and signal line 55 is pointed in the direction of the surrounding rock drilling hole. Then, the two screw holes 53 are aligned with the two screw holes 2131 respectively, and then the distance measuring device 5 is fixed to the upper surface of the positioning and fixing platform 213 with two screws 54. All distance sensors 51 and their corresponding power and signal cables 55 are numbered sequentially based on the order in which they are installed on the positioning and securing platforms 213 of different circular tubes 2. Each distance sensor 51's power and signal cables 55 must pass through the central cavity of the subsequent circular tube 2 to emerge outside the borehole. A data acquisition and processing module 6, located near the borehole opening, is used to collect, record, and analyze data from surrounding rock deformation and displacement measurements. One end of all power and signal cables 55 that emerge outside the borehole is connected to the data acquisition and processing module 6. The signal transmitting end of each distance sensor 51 sends a distance measurement signal forward, which then returns after reaching a target point ahead. The target point is the backside of a distance sensor 51 installed on an adjacent circular tube 2 in front of the laser emission of the distance sensor 51 of the current circular tube 2. This measures the distance from the distance sensor 51 to the target point. If this distance changes over time, the change in distance represents the deformation and displacement within the surrounding rock at that measurement point. If there are more measuring points, more ranging sensors 51 will be required accordingly, and multiple power and signal lines 55 may be difficult to smoothly pass through the central cavities of multiple circular tubes 2 and extend to the outside of the drilled hole; in this case, the power and signal lines 55 need to be appropriately modified, and the power and signal lines 55 of multiple different ranging sensors 51 can be appropriately merged in parallel or series, that is, the total number of power and signal lines 55 passing through the central cavities of multiple circular tubes 2 from front to back is reduced, thereby ensuring the smooth realization of the established implementation effect.

[0065] In some embodiments, the rear end of the first section of circular tube 1 is connected to a circular tube 2, and then multiple circular tubes 2 are connected in sequence to form a series structure. The conical guide head 11 of the first section of circular tube 1 serves as a fixed reference point, and a distance sensor 51 is installed inside the adjacent circular tube 2. The distance sensor 51 transmits a laser signal to the target point of the first section of circular tube 1 and receives the reflected signal to measure the distance between the two. When the surrounding rock corresponding to the circular tube 2 moves, the circular tube 2 moves accordingly, and the distance sensor 51 detects the distance change, thereby measuring the displacement of the surrounding rock at that location in real time. Similarly, between any two adjacent circular tubes 2, the circular tube 2 away from the first section of circular tube 1 transmits a laser signal to the adjacent circular tube 2 closer to the first section of circular tube 1. The back of the distance sensor 51 installed inside the latter serves as a target point, receives the reflected signal, and measures the relative displacement between the two in real time. Because the conical guide head 11 of the first section of circular tube 1 allows it to be firmly stuck in the bottom of the surrounding rock drill hole and does not move, it can be used as a fixed reference point. Finally, by sequentially calculating the measurement results of each distance measuring sensor 51 , the displacement of the surrounding rock at different measuring points can be calculated.

[0066] When using the present invention to conduct dynamic measurement of deformation and displacement within the surrounding rock of a tunnel, it is first necessary to determine and prepare in advance the required first section of circular tube 1, circular tube 2, supporting flange 31, support device 4, and distance measuring device 5 based on the depth range and number of measurement points within the surrounding rock of the tunnel. To facilitate the calculation of the length of the displacement measuring device installed in the borehole at the tunnel construction site, the length of the first section of circular tube body 12 can be set to 1m. At the same time, after the two front sockets 211 of the front tube body 21 of the circular tube 2 are inserted into the two first section empty slots 122 of the first section of circular tube body 12, that is, after the two first section sockets of the first section of circular tube body 12 are inserted into the two front empty slots 212 of the front tube body 21 of the circular tube 2, the first section of circular tube 1 is fully in contact with the subsequent adjacent circular tube 2 to achieve a socket connection. The exposed portion, that is, the length of the rear tube body 22 is also set to 1m. When the present invention is installed in place, the first section of the circular tube 1 and each subsequent circular tube 2 are a measuring point. Therefore, at the tunnel construction site, it is only necessary to determine the required number of components such as the first section of the circular tube 1, the circular tube 2, the supporting flange 31, the supporting device 4, the distance measuring device 5, etc. according to the required range of measurement of the internal deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock around the tunnel and the number of measuring points.

[0067] Secondly, due to the limited space in the tunnel site and the fact that the measurement of the internal deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock cannot interfere with the normal tunnel construction work, the rapid installation of the present invention can only be carried out by making full use of the intermittent shift time of the normal tunnel construction work. In order to effectively improve the installation efficiency of the present invention, and considering that the space available for operation in the tunnel site is very limited, the several distance measuring devices 5 of the present invention need to be fixed on the positioning and fixing platform 213 in advance outside the tunnel hole, and at the same time, the power supply and signal line 55 on each distance measuring device 5 is sequentially passed through the middle cavity of the subsequent multiple circular tubes 2 from front to back and extended to the outside of the surrounding rock borehole. The power supply and signal lines 55 on all distance measuring devices 5 need to be numbered in sequence to prevent confusion, so as to correspond to the measurement of the internal deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock at the corresponding measuring points.

[0068] Subsequently, since all supporting flanges 31 and support devices 4 have the same specifications and structure, they do not need to be numbered. A corresponding number of supporting flanges 31 and support devices 4 are used according to the number of first-stage circular tubes 1 and 2. One supporting flange 31 is sleeved and fixedly attached to a position 5 to 85 cm from the end of the first-stage circular tube body 12. Two supporting flanges 31 are sleeved and fixedly attached to each circular tube 2, one at the end of the front tube body 21 and the other at the end of the rear tube body 22. Simultaneously, a support device 4 is hingedly attached to the outer wall of the front tube body 21 of each circular tube 2, one at the top, bottom, left, and right.

[0069] Thirdly, according to the conditions such as the position, direction, depth range, rock type and geological structure of the surrounding rock deformation displacement to be measured, appropriate drilling equipment and supporting machinery are selected, and a suitable drilling process is used to drill a linear borehole of the required specifications and depth at the corresponding surrounding rock. If the surrounding rock is relatively hard and has good stability, conventional rotary drilling or impact drilling can be used for drilling operations. After the required borehole is drilled, the hole wall is stable without collapse, block drop, shrinkage and other adverse phenomena. Compressed air, clean water or special tools are then used to clean the hole, and the rock chips remaining in the hole are cleaned out of the hole, providing the necessary conditions for the subsequent installation of the present invention in the borehole; if the surrounding rock is relatively soft and has poor stability, a follow-up pipe drilling process is required, that is, when drilling, the steel casing follows the drill bit and drill rod column into the hole. When drilling is completed, the drill bit and drill rod column are removed from the hole, and the steel casing is left The hole wall is supported in the hole to prevent the hole wall from collapsing, falling off, shrinking, and other problems. Then, the present invention is pushed into the steel casing section by section until it is installed in place. Then, a pulling machine such as a jack is used at the hole mouth to pull the steel casing out of the borehole, leaving only the present invention in the hole. If the surrounding rock is relatively broken, after the drilling operation is completed, a slurry with coagulation and hardening properties (such as cement slurry) can be injected into the hole to fill the borehole. After the cement slurry coagulates and hardens, the borehole wall is effectively reinforced and becomes sufficiently stable. Then, a new hole is drilled into the cement stone body at the original hole mouth until a stable borehole that meets the installation requirements of the present invention is drilled. Then, starting from the conical guide head 11 of the first section of the circular tube 1, the present invention is pushed into the borehole section by section. The pushing force can be provided by manpower or by an excavator, jack or other suitable equipment and tools that are conveniently available on site. The force during the pushing can directly act on the surface of the supporting flange 31 at the end of the last circular tube 2 during each pushing. In addition, all power and signal lines 55 involved must be thrown outward from the rear hollow bayonet 222 of the rear tube body 22 of the last circular tube 2 each time it is pushed, so as to avoid inadvertent cutting of the power and signal lines 55 during the forceful pushing process; this cycle is repeated, pushing step by step, until the present invention is completely pushed into the borehole. At the same time, during the process of pushing the present invention into the borehole, the adjustment plates 43 of all support devices 4 are compressed to varying degrees in the direction away from the borehole wall, that is, the angle between the fixed plate 41 and the adjustment plate 43 is reduced; and when the present invention is installed in place, under the combined action of the rebound force of the torsion spring 42 and the repulsive force of the magnets with opposite polarity arranged on the surfaces of the fixed plate 41 and the adjustment plate 43, all the adjustment plates 43 will expand in the direction of the borehole wall, that is, the angle between the fixed plate 41 and the adjustment plate 43 is increased, so that the support blocks 44 are tightly abutted against the surrounding rock borehole wall to form fixed measuring points for measuring the deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock.

[0070] Finally, the ends of all power and signal cables 55 are extended and connected to the data acquisition and processing module 6. The surrounding rock around the tunnel will undergo varying degrees of deformation and displacement over time. When deformation and displacement occur, the surrounding rock borehole wall will drag the support device 4 at the corresponding measuring point, thereby driving the corresponding circular tube 2 to move synchronously. The corresponding distance measuring device 5 will also move accordingly, causing the distance between the distance measuring device 5 and the target point in front of it to change accordingly. By repeatedly comparing and analyzing the changes in the distances between all distance measuring devices 5 and their corresponding target points in front of them over multiple days, the data acquisition, recording, and analysis instrument automatically collects, records, and analyzes the deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock at different measuring points, and plots a curve of the relationship between the deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock around the tunnel and time. This can indirectly understand the spatiotemporal evolution of the deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock at different depths, that is, at different measuring points. Furthermore, this information can provide scientific guidance for technical personnel to formulate corresponding tunnel design, construction, and later operation suggestions or plans based on the changes in the deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock.

[0071] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of circular tubes, a plurality of distance measuring devices and a plurality of supporting devices; the plurality of circular tubes are arranged coaxially, and any two adjacent circular tubes are nested end to end and can slide freely relative to each other in the axial direction; any circular tube among the plurality of circular tubes is installed with a distance measuring device for measuring the displacement of the adjacent circular tube; A supporting device is installed on the outside of any of the several circular tubes. The angle between one end of the supporting device and the axis of the circular tube is adjustable, which is used to adjust the distance between the central axis of the circular tube and the wall of the surrounding rock drill hole, and the other end is used to embed or fit the wall of the surrounding rock drill hole.

2. A real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting device includes a fixed plate, a torsion spring, an adjusting plate and a supporting block. The fixed plate is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the circular tube. One end of the adjusting plate is hinged to one end of the fixed plate through a hinge shaft, and the other end is mounted with the supporting block. The supporting block is used to be embedded in or fitted into the wall of the surrounding rock drilling hole. The torsion spring is nested on the outside of the pin shaft and is mounted on a positioning hinge block provided on the outside of the circular tube through the pin shaft. It is located at the hinge between the adjusting plate and the fixed plate. One end of the torsion spring is fixedly mounted on the fixing plate, and the other end is fixedly mounted on the adjusting plate, and is used to adjust the angle between the adjusting plate and the fixing plate, so that the supporting block and the wall of the surrounding rock drilling hole generate a force.

3. The real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement according to claim 2, characterized in that: The supporting device also includes a pair of magnets with opposite magnetic properties, one of the pair of magnets is installed on the adjustment plate, and the other magnet with opposite magnetic properties is installed on the fixed plate, for generating a repulsive force between the adjustment plate and the fixed plate.

4. A real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The distance measuring device includes a distance measuring sensor, a wing plate, and a power supply and signal line; the distance measuring sensor is installed in the middle of one side of the wing plate; through holes are provided on both sides of the wing plate, the circular tube is provided with threaded holes matching the through holes, and the wing plate is installed inside the circular tube by screws; one end of the power supply and signal line is connected to the distance measuring sensor, and the other end is used to connect to the data acquisition and processing module outside the surrounding rock drilling hole; the distance measuring sensor is any one of a laser distance measuring sensor, an infrared distance measuring sensor, and an ultrasonic distance measuring sensor.

5. The real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of supporting flanges, and any one of the supporting flanges is fixedly nested at both ends of the outside of any one of the plurality of circular tubes; one end face of the flange is a plane, and the other end face is provided with a concave conical inclined surface, and the concave conical inclined surface is used to limit the assembly of the circular tube 2; the outer circular surface of the flange is used to limit the minimum rotation angle of the adjustment plate; the flange is also provided with a positioning hole for installation and positioning.

6. The real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement according to claim 5, characterized in that: At least four supporting devices are installed on any one of the plurality of circular tubes, and the installed supporting devices are evenly distributed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the circular tube.

7. The real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement according to claim 6, characterized in that: Any one of the plurality of circular tubes includes a middle tube body, which is a hollow circular tube. A front tube body and a rear tube body are respectively arranged at both ends of the middle tube body. The front tube body is composed of two symmetrical front sockets; two symmetrical front empty bayonet holes are formed between the two front sockets; the rear tube body is composed of two symmetrically distributed rear sockets; two symmetrical rear empty bayonet holes are formed between the two rear sockets; the front tube body and the rear tube body are staggered at 90 degrees in the circumferential direction; the two rear sockets of any one of the plurality of circular tubes can be inserted into the front empty bayonet holes of any other of the plurality of circular tubes to form a circular ring.

8. The real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of a front socket of any one of the plurality of round tubes is provided with a positioning and fixing platform; threaded holes for installing wing plates of the distance measuring device are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the positioning and fixing platform.

9. The real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plurality of circular tubes also include a first section circular tube, which is composed of a conical guide head and a first section circular tube body; the conical guide head is used to facilitate the insertion and installation of the device of the present invention into the surrounding rock drilling hole; the rear end of the conical guide head is two symmetrically arranged first section socket bars, and two symmetrical first section empty bayonet holes are formed between the two first section socket bars; the two front socket bars of any circular tube among the plurality of circular tubes can be inserted into the two first section empty bayonet holes of the first section circular tube to form a circular ring; a supporting flange is embedded in the end of the first section circular tube body.

10. A method for real-time measurement of surrounding rock displacement, characterized in that: Using the real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the steps include: Step 1: Determine the depth range and number of measurement points for deformation and displacement measurement inside the surrounding rock boreholes surrounding the tunnel; Step 2: Assemble the required number of circular tubes, and the corresponding number of distance measuring devices and support devices according to the depth range of the surrounding rock to be measured and the number of measuring points; Step 3: Install the assembled real-time sensing measurement device for surrounding rock displacement into the borehole of the surrounding rock to be measured, with one end of the support device of the measurement device embedded in or attached to the wall of the borehole of the surrounding rock; Step 4: When a certain section of the surrounding rock is displaced, the supporting device is dragged, and the supporting device pulls the circular tube, thereby driving the distance measuring device installed inside the circular tube to move synchronously, and then the displacement change of the surrounding rock at the measuring point is measured in real time. The displacement data is output to the data acquisition and processing module through the distance measuring device, and the deformation displacement changes at multiple measuring points inside the surrounding rock can be observed in real time through the data acquisition and processing module.

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