A multi-stage pressure reducing and buffering safety valve

Abstract

The present invention discloses a safety valve with multi-stage pressure reduction and buffering, which belongs to the technical field of safety valves. The safety valve with multi-stage pressure reduction and buffering comprises a valve body, a pressure reducing assembly installed in the valve body and used to adjust the pressure balance of the fluid inside the inflow channel and the outflow channel, and a buffer assembly used to reduce the impact force of the fluid on the internal parts of the valve body; after the fluid enters the main channel, the first baffle is pushed up and down by the pressure inside the outflow channel, so that the fluid inside the main channel can be controlled to enter from the top of the pressure regulating groove, pushing the valve core down to reduce the flow area of ​​the fluid, or to enter from the bottom of the pressure regulating groove, pushing the valve core up to increase the flow area of ​​the fluid, thereby realizing the control of the pressure inside the outflow channel. When the pressure inside the inflow channel is too high, the fluid will push the connecting column up and release the limit on the pressure relief channel. At this time, the fluid can flow into the pressure relief channel, so that the internal pressure of the inflow channel and the outflow channel can maintain a relative balance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to safety valves, and in particular to a safety valve with multi-stage pressure reduction and buffering. Background Art

[0002] A safety valve is an automatic pressure relief protection device. When the system pressure exceeds the set value, the valve automatically opens to discharge the medium, and automatically closes when the pressure drops to a safe range to prevent equipment damage or danger due to overpressure. As the "last line of defense" for industrial safety, the selection, installation and maintenance of the safety valve must be comprehensively considered in combination with the medium characteristics, system pressure and safety regulations.

[0003] Chinese patent CN117006256B, authorized and published on December 15, 2023, discloses a pressure reducing valve. The spiral blades of the first pressure reducing assembly convert the kinetic energy of the water flow into other energy, thereby reducing the pressure of the water flow. The baffle of the third pressure reducing assembly further reduces the pressure of the water flow, thereby improving the pressure reducing effect. In addition, the buffer space of the spiral blade is adjusted in cooperation with the second pressure reducing assembly to adjust the pressure reducing effect of the spiral blade on the water flow. By rotating the rotating rod, the angle of the baffle can be adjusted, that is, the area of ​​the baffle blocking the water flow can be adjusted to further adjust the pressure reducing effect of the water flow. The first and second pressure reducing assemblies in the first and second connecting valve bodies reduce the pressure of the water flow entering and exiting the lower valve body to ensure the pressure reducing effect. However, when the internal pressure of the pressure reducing valve is unbalanced at the water inlet and outlet ends, the core components such as the valve core and valve seat will be subjected to additional lateral force or impact force for a long time. The high-pressure side medium may forcibly break through the sealing surface, causing internal leakage, thereby destroying the normal working state of the valve and causing unstable system operation, accelerating equipment aging, etc., affecting the service life of the valve body. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage pressure reducing and buffering safety valve to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multi-stage pressure-reducing and buffering safety valve, comprising a valve body, an inflow channel and an outflow channel, respectively arranged at both ends of the valve body, a valve seat installed in the valve body, a valve stem installed in the valve body, a valve core installed on the valve stem, a pressure spring installed in the valve body for applying pressure to the valve core through the valve stem, an adjusting bolt installed on the valve body for pressing the pressure spring, a pressure-reducing assembly installed in the valve body for adjusting the pressure balance of the fluid inside the inflow channel and the outflow channel, and a buffer assembly installed in the valve body for reducing the impact force of the fluid on the internal parts of the valve body.

[0006] Furthermore, the decompression assembly includes a first decompression mechanism and a second decompression mechanism;

[0007] The first pressure reducing mechanism includes a pressure regulating groove provided on the valve body, a piston plate adapted to the pressure regulating groove is provided on the outer wall of the valve stem, a main channel is provided on the inner wall of the valve body, a liquid collecting tank adapted to the main channel is provided on the inner wall of the valve body, a first baffle is slidably connected to the interior of the liquid collecting tank, a pressure regulating hole adapted to the first baffle is provided on the inner wall of the valve body, an air tank is provided on the valve body, a first connecting spring adapted to the first baffle is provided on the inner wall of the air tank, a first through hole is provided on the outer wall of the first baffle, a first auxiliary channel adapted to the pressure regulating groove is provided on the surface of the liquid collecting tank, and a second auxiliary channel adapted to the pressure regulating groove is provided on the surface of the liquid collecting tank.

[0008] Furthermore, the first baffle is connected to the outflow channel through the pressure regulating hole, the diameter of the first through hole matches the diameter of the first auxiliary flow channel and the second auxiliary flow channel, and the first through hole is connected to the first auxiliary flow channel and the second auxiliary flow channel in a sliding manner.

[0009] Furthermore, the first pressure reducing mechanism also includes a ventilation groove arranged on the valve body and adapted to the air chamber, a second baffle is slidably connected to the inner wall of the ventilation groove, a second through hole is opened on the outer wall of the second baffle, a first pressure relief channel adapted to the pressure regulating groove is provided on the inner wall of the valve body, a second pressure relief channel adapted to the pressure regulating groove is provided on the inner wall of the valve body, the first pressure relief channel and the second pressure relief channel are connected through a connecting channel, and an empty chamber adapted to the connecting channel is provided on the inner wall of the valve body.

[0010] Furthermore, the second baffle is arranged at the position where the first pressure relief channel and the second pressure relief channel are connected to the connecting channel, the diameter size of the second through hole is consistent with the diameter size of the first pressure relief channel and the second pressure relief channel, and the second through hole is connected to the first pressure relief channel and the second pressure relief channel in a sliding manner.

[0011] Furthermore, the first decompression mechanism also includes a connecting hole for connecting the empty chamber and the outflow channel, a spring sheet is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the bottom end of the connecting hole, and a sealing plate adapted to the connecting hole is provided on the outer wall of the spring sheet.

[0012] Furthermore, the second pressure reducing mechanism includes a pressure relief channel opened on the inner wall of the valve body, a slide groove is provided on the inner wall of the valve body, the pressure relief channel and the slide groove are connected by a connecting groove, a connecting port adapted for the slide groove is provided on the inner wall of the valve body, a limit spring is installed on the inner wall of the valve body, a limit column adapted for the connecting groove is provided on the outer wall of the limit spring, a connecting rod adapted for the valve core is provided on the inner wall of the slide groove, a connecting column adapted for the connecting groove is provided on the outer wall of the bottom end of the connecting rod, a second connecting spring adapted for the connecting column is provided on the inner wall of the connecting rod, a connecting groove adapted for the connecting column is provided on the outer wall of the bottom end of the connecting rod, and a connecting channel is provided on the inner wall of the valve stem, the valve core and the inner wall of the connecting rod.

[0013] Furthermore, the buffer assembly includes a connecting plate installed on the inner wall of the inflow channel, the outer wall of the connecting plate is provided with openings at equal intervals, a connecting shaft is provided along the circumferential direction of the outer periphery of the connecting plate, a buffer plate is slidably connected to the outer wall of the connecting shaft, and a buffer spring adapted to the buffer plate is provided on the outer wall of the connecting shaft.

[0014] Furthermore, the buffer assembly also includes a conical block fixed on the outer wall of the connecting rod, a rotating ring is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the top end of the conical block, and inclined plates are evenly spaced on the outer wall of the rotating ring.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) After the fluid in the inflow channel of the present invention enters the main flow channel, the first baffle is pushed up and down by the size of the pressure in the outflow channel, so that the fluid in the main flow channel can be controlled to enter from the top of the pressure regulating groove and push the valve core down to reduce the flow area of ​​the fluid, or enter from the bottom of the pressure regulating groove and push the valve core up to increase the flow area of ​​the fluid, thereby realizing the control of the pressure in the outflow channel. When the pressure in the inflow channel is too high, the fluid will push the connecting column up and release the limit on the pressure relief channel. At this time, the fluid can flow into the pressure relief channel, so that the internal pressure of the inflow channel and the outflow channel can maintain a relative balance.

[0017] (2) When the fluid of the present invention enters the internal impact buffer plate of the inflow channel, the buffer plate will move and squeeze the buffer spring, and the kinetic energy of the impact or vibration will be converted into the elastic potential energy of the buffer spring through the deformation of the buffer spring, and then slowly released or consumed, thereby reducing the impact force of the fluid and reducing the vibration amplitude, thereby achieving a buffering effect. When the fluid passes through the valve seat, the shear force generated by the inclined plate during rotation is used to break up the fluid, thereby achieving a second deceleration and buffering of the fluid, thereby reducing the impact force of the fluid on the internal parts of the valve body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the working appearance structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the valve body of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the valve seat and valve core cooperating with each other in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas chamber and the first connecting spring cooperating with each other in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slide groove and the connecting groove cooperating with each other in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the connecting column and the second connecting spring cooperate with each other;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connection plate and the openings cooperating with each other in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating ring and the inclined plate cooperating with each other in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0027] Figure: 1, valve body; 2, inflow channel; 3, outflow channel; 4, valve seat; 5, valve stem; 6, valve core; 7, pressure spring; 8, adjusting bolt; 9, pressure regulating groove; 10, piston plate; 11, main channel; 12, liquid collecting chamber; 13, first baffle; 14, pressure regulating hole; 15, air chamber; 16, first connecting spring; 17, first through hole; 18, first auxiliary flow channel; 19, second auxiliary flow channel; 20, ventilation groove; 21, second baffle; 22, second through hole; 23, first pressure relief channel; 24, second pressure relief Pressure channel; 25, connecting channel; 26, empty chamber; 27, connecting hole; 28, spring sheet; 29, blocking plate; 30, pressure relief channel; 31, slide groove; 32, connecting groove; 33, connecting port; 34, limit spring; 35, limit column; 36, connecting rod; 37, connecting column; 38, second connecting spring; 39, connecting groove; 40, connecting channel; 41, connecting plate; 42, opening; 43, connecting shaft; 44, buffer plate; 45, buffer spring; 46, tapered block; 47, rotating ring; 48, tilting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments. Example

[0030] See also Figures 1-9 The present invention provides a technical solution: a multi-stage pressure-reducing and buffering safety valve, comprising a valve body 1, an inflow channel 2 and an outflow channel 3, respectively arranged at both ends of the valve body 1, a valve seat 4 installed in the valve body 1, a valve stem 5 installed in the valve body 1, a valve core 6 installed on the valve stem 5, a pressure spring 7 installed in the valve body 1, used to apply pressure to the valve core 6 through the valve stem 5, an adjusting bolt 8 installed on the valve body 1, used to press the pressure spring 7, a pressure reducing assembly installed in the valve body 1, used to adjust the pressure balance of the fluid in the inflow channel 2 and the outflow channel 3, and a buffer assembly installed in the valve body 1, used to reduce the impact force of the fluid on the internal parts of the valve body 1.

[0031] The pressure reducing assembly includes a first pressure reducing mechanism and a second pressure reducing mechanism; the first pressure reducing mechanism includes a pressure regulating groove 9 provided on the valve body 1, a piston plate 10 adapted to the pressure regulating groove 9 is provided on the outer wall of the valve stem 5, a main channel 11 is provided on the inner wall of the valve body 1, a liquid collecting tank 12 adapted to the main channel 11 is provided on the inner wall of the valve body 1, a first baffle 13 is slidably connected to the inside of the liquid collecting tank 12, a pressure regulating hole 14 adapted to the first baffle 13 is provided on the inner wall of the valve body 1, an air tank 15 is provided on the valve body 1, a first connecting spring 16 adapted to the first baffle 13 is provided on the inner wall of the air tank 15, a first through hole 17 is provided on the outer wall of the first baffle 13, a first auxiliary flow channel 18 adapted to the pressure regulating groove 9 is provided on the surface of the liquid collecting tank 12, and a second auxiliary flow channel 19 adapted to the pressure regulating groove 9 is provided on the surface of the liquid collecting tank 12.

[0032] When in use, the fluid flowing into the channel 2 will enter the liquid collecting bin 12 through the main channel 11. When the internal pressure of the outflow channel 3 is too high, the fluid inside the water inlet end will enter the pressure regulating hole 14 and push the first baffle 13 to slide upward along the inner wall of the liquid collecting bin 12, so that the top of the first baffle 13 enters the interior of the air bin 15 and squeezes the first connecting spring 16, thereby driving the first through hole 17 to move to the surface of the first auxiliary flow channel 18. At this time, the fluid entering the liquid collecting bin 12 will pass through the first through hole 17 into the interior of the first auxiliary flow channel 18, and then be discharged into the interior of the pressure regulating groove 9 from the position above the piston plate 10, thereby increasing the pressure in the space above the piston plate 10, which can push the piston plate 10 to drive the valve stem 5 and the valve core 6 to move downward, thereby reducing the flow area of ​​the fluid, so that the fluid entering the outflow channel 3 The fluid decreases, achieving the effect of reducing the internal pressure of the outflow channel 3. When the internal pressure of the outflow channel 3 is too low, the first connecting spring 16 is forced to push the first baffle 13 downward, so that the first baffle 13 drives the pressure regulating hole 14 to move to the surface of the second auxiliary channel 19. At this time, the fluid entering the liquid collecting tank 12 will pass through the first through hole 17 into the interior of the second auxiliary channel 19, and then be discharged into the interior of the pressure regulating groove 9 from the position below the piston plate 10, thereby increasing the pressure in the space below the piston plate 10, which can push the piston plate 10 to drive the valve stem 5 and the valve core 6 to move upward, thereby increasing the flow area of ​​the fluid, so that more fluid enters the outflow channel 3, achieving the effect of increasing the internal pressure of the outflow channel 3, so that the pressure inside the inflow channel 2 and the outflow channel 3 can always be maintained in a relatively safe range.

[0033] The first pressure reducing mechanism also includes a vent groove 20 arranged on the valve body 1 and adapted to the air chamber 15, a second baffle 21 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the vent groove 20, a second through hole 22 is opened on the outer wall of the second baffle 21, a first pressure relief channel 23 adapted to the pressure regulating groove 9 is provided on the inner wall of the valve body 1, a second pressure relief channel 24 adapted to the pressure regulating groove 9 is provided on the inner wall of the valve body 1, the first pressure relief channel 23 and the second pressure relief channel 24 are connected by a connecting channel 25, and an empty chamber 26 adapted to the connecting channel 25 is provided on the inner wall of the valve body 1.

[0034] When in use, the first baffle 13 will squeeze the air inside the air chamber 15 when it rises. After being squeezed, the air inside the air chamber 15 enters the interior of the vent groove 20 and pushes the second baffle 21 to move downward, so that the second baffle 21 drives the second through hole 22 to move to the surface of the second pressure relief channel 24. At this time, when the piston plate 10 moves downward, it will squeeze the fluid below it and squeeze it into the interior of the second pressure relief channel 24. After entering the interior of the second pressure relief channel 24, the fluid will pass through the second through hole 22 and enter the interior of the connecting channel 25, and finally The air in the vent groove 20 is drawn back through the air compression chamber 15 when the first baffle 13 descends, thereby pulling the second baffle 21 upward, so that the second baffle 21 drives the second through hole 22 to move to the surface of the first pressure relief channel 23. At this time, when the piston plate 10 moves upward, it squeezes the fluid above it and squeezes it into the first pressure relief channel 23. After entering the first pressure relief channel 23, the fluid passes through the second through hole 22 and enters the interior of the connecting channel 25, and finally is discharged into the empty chamber 26.

[0035] The first decompression mechanism further includes a connecting hole 27 for connecting the empty chamber 26 and the outflow channel 3 . A spring sheet 28 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the bottom end of the connecting hole 27 . A blocking plate 29 adapted to the connecting hole 27 is provided on the outer wall of the spring sheet 28 .

[0036] During use, after the fluid enters the empty chamber 26, the pressure inside the empty chamber 26 will increase. When the pressure in the outflow channel 3 is too high, the pressure inside the outflow channel 3 will exert a pressure on the surface of the sealing plate 29 and prevent the sealing plate 29 from opening. When the pressure inside the outflow channel 3 is low, the pressure of the fluid inside the empty chamber 26 acts on the surface of the sealing plate 29, thereby pushing the sealing plate 29 to rotate around the connection between the spring sheet 28 and the valve body 1, thereby releasing the limit on the connecting hole 27, so that the fluid inside the empty chamber 26 can be discharged into the outflow channel 3 through the connecting hole 27.

[0037] The second pressure reducing mechanism includes a pressure relief channel 30 opened on the inner wall of the valve body 1, a slide groove 31 is provided on the inner wall of the valve body 1, the pressure relief channel 30 and the slide groove 31 are connected by a connecting groove 32, a connecting port 33 adapted to the slide groove 31 is provided on the inner wall of the valve body 1, a limit spring 34 is installed on the inner wall of the valve body 1, a limit column 35 adapted to the connecting groove 32 is provided on the outer wall of the limit spring 34, a connecting rod 36 adapted to the valve core 6 is provided on the inner wall of the slide groove 31, a connecting column 37 adapted to the connecting groove 32 is provided on the outer wall of the bottom end of the connecting rod 36, a second connecting spring 38 adapted to the connecting column 37 is provided on the inner wall of the connecting rod 36, a connecting groove 39 adapted to the connecting column 37 is provided on the outer wall of the bottom end of the connecting rod 36, and a connecting channel 40 is provided on the inner walls of the valve stem 5, the valve core 6 and the connecting rod 36.

[0038] When in use, the second connecting spring 38 is in a compressed state in the initial state. When the valve core 6 is opened, it drives the connecting rod 36 to slide upward in the slide groove 31. At the same time, the force of the second connecting spring 38 will exert a thrust on the surface of the connecting column 37, so that when the connecting rod 36 slides upward, the connecting column 37 can remain stationary and cooperate with the upward sliding of the connecting rod 36, thereby sliding the connecting column 37 out of the interior of the connecting rod 36. At the same time, the fluid flowing out of the channel 3 will also enter the interior of the connecting rod 36 through the connecting flow channel 40, so that the internal pressure of the connecting rod 36 is balanced with the pressure inside the outflow channel 3. When the connecting rod 36 slides upward, the fluid flowing into the channel 2 will enter the interior of the slide groove 31 through the connecting port 33 and enter the interior of the connecting rod 36 through the connecting groove 39. When the valve core 6 is opened to the maximum extent, the fluid flowing into the channel 3 When the pressure inside the pressure channel 2 is still higher than the pressure of the outflow channel 3, the fluid flowing into the channel 2 enters the interior of the connecting rod 36 through the connecting groove 39, which can push the connecting column 37 upward and the second connecting spring 38, so that the bottom end of the connecting column 37 slides out of the interior of the connecting groove 32. At this time, the fluid flowing into the channel 2 enters the interior of the connecting groove 32 and applies pressure to the limit column 35, thereby pushing the limit column 35 to slide downward and squeeze the limit spring 34, so that the limit column 35 releases the limit on the pressure relief channel 30. At this time, the fluid flowing into the channel 2 can enter the interior of the pressure relief channel 30 through the connecting groove 32 and be discharged into the interior of the outflow channel 3, thereby realizing the diversion of the fluid in the inflow channel 2 and further reducing the pressure of the inflow channel 2, so that the internal pressures of the inflow channel 2 and the outflow channel 3 are adjusted so that they can maintain a relative balance.

[0039] The buffer assembly includes a connecting plate 41 installed on the inner wall of the inflow channel 2, and openings 42 are opened at equal intervals on the outer wall of the connecting plate 41. A connecting shaft 43 is provided along the circumferential direction on the outer periphery of the connecting plate 41, and a buffer plate 44 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the connecting shaft 43. A buffer spring 45 adapted to the buffer plate 44 is provided on the outer wall of the connecting shaft 43.

[0040] During use, when the fluid enters the interior of the inflow channel 2, it first impacts the surface of the buffer plate 44. After being impacted, the buffer plate 44 will move along the surface of the connecting shaft 43 toward the connecting plate 41 and squeeze the buffer spring 45. The kinetic energy of the impact or vibration is converted into elastic potential energy of the buffer spring 45 through the deformation of the buffer spring 45, and then slowly released or consumed, thereby reducing the impact force of the fluid, reducing the vibration amplitude, and achieving a buffering effect. After that, the fluid moves toward the valve seat 4 through the opening 42. In this process, by limiting the flow rate and flow rate of the fluid when flowing through the opening 42, the kinetic energy of the fluid is converted into heat energy or pressure energy, thereby achieving deceleration and buffering of the fluid, avoiding violent impact, and thus achieving secondary buffering of the fluid, which can reduce the impact force of the fluid on the internal parts of the valve body 1.

[0041] The buffer assembly further includes a conical block 46 fixed to the outer wall of the connecting rod 36 , a rotating ring 47 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the top end of the conical block 46 , and inclined plates 48 are evenly spaced on the outer wall of the rotating ring 47 .

[0042] During use, when the fluid passes through the valve seat 4, the fluid is guided by the inclined surface of the conical block 46, so that the fluid cannot directly impact the surface of the valve core 6. Then, the fluid will impact the surface of the inclined plate 48 through the guidance of the conical block 46. After the inclined plate 48 is impacted, kinetic energy will be generated, thereby pushing the rotating ring 47 to rotate along the surface of the conical block 46. The shear force generated by the inclined plate 48 during rotation is used to break up the fluid, thereby achieving deceleration and buffering of the fluid, avoiding the fluid from impacting the surface of the valve core 6, thereby damaging the valve core 6 and reducing the service life of the valve core 6.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage pressure reducing and buffering safety valve, characterized in that: include: Valve body (1); The inflow channel (2) and the outflow channel (3) are respectively provided at two ends of the valve body (1); A valve seat (4) is mounted in the valve body (1); A valve stem (5) is mounted in the valve body (1); A valve core (6) is mounted on the valve stem (5); A pressure spring (7) is installed in the valve body (1) and is used to apply pressure to the valve core (6) through the valve stem (5); An adjusting bolt (8) is mounted on the valve body (1) and is used to press the pressure spring (7); A pressure reducing assembly is installed in the valve body (1) and is used to adjust the pressure balance of the fluid in the inflow channel (2) and the outflow channel (3); A buffer assembly is installed in the valve body (1) and is used to reduce the impact force of the fluid on the internal parts of the valve body (1); The decompression assembly includes a first decompression mechanism and a second decompression mechanism; The first pressure reducing mechanism comprises a pressure regulating groove (9) provided on the valve body (1), a piston plate (10) adapted to the pressure regulating groove (9) is provided on the outer wall of the valve stem (5), a main flow channel (11) is provided on the inner wall of the valve body (1), a liquid collecting bin (12) adapted to the main flow channel (11) is provided on the inner wall of the valve body (1), a first baffle (13) is slidably connected to the interior of the liquid collecting bin (12), and the first baffle (13) is adapted to The valve body (1) is provided with a gas chamber (15), the inner wall of the gas chamber (15) is provided with a first connecting spring (16) adapted to the first baffle (13), the outer wall of the first baffle (13) is provided with a first through hole (17), the surface of the liquid collecting chamber (12) is provided with a first auxiliary flow channel (18) adapted to the pressure regulating groove (9), and the surface of the liquid collecting chamber (12) is provided with a second auxiliary flow channel (19) adapted to the pressure regulating groove (9); The first baffle (13) is connected to the outflow channel (3) via the pressure regulating hole (14); the diameter of the first through hole (17) matches the diameter of the first auxiliary flow channel (18) and the second auxiliary flow channel (19); and the first through hole (17) is connected to the first auxiliary flow channel (18) and the second auxiliary flow channel (19) in a sliding manner; The first pressure reducing mechanism further comprises a vent groove (20) provided on the valve body (1) and adapted to the air chamber (15); a second baffle (21) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the vent groove (20); a second through hole (22) is provided on the outer wall of the second baffle (21); a first pressure relief channel (23) adapted to the pressure regulating groove (9) is provided on the inner wall of the valve body (1); a second pressure relief channel (24) adapted to the pressure regulating groove (9) is provided on the inner wall of the valve body (1); the first pressure relief channel (23) and the second pressure relief channel (24) are connected via a connecting channel (25); and an empty chamber (26) adapted to the connecting channel (25) is provided on the inner wall of the valve body (1); The second baffle (21) is arranged at a position where the first pressure relief channel (23) and the second pressure relief channel (24) are connected to the connecting channel (25); the diameter of the second through hole (22) matches the diameter of the first pressure relief channel (23) and the second pressure relief channel (24); and the second through hole (22) is connected to the first pressure relief channel (23) and the second pressure relief channel (24) in a sliding manner.

2. A multi-stage pressure reducing and buffering safety valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first pressure reducing mechanism further comprises a connecting hole (27) for connecting the empty chamber (26) and the outflow channel (3); a spring sheet (28) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the bottom end of the connecting hole (27); and a blocking plate (29) adapted to the connecting hole (27) is provided on the outer wall of the spring sheet (28).

3. The multi-stage pressure reducing and buffering safety valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second pressure reducing mechanism comprises a pressure relief channel (30) provided on the inner wall of the valve body (1), a slide groove (31) is provided on the inner wall of the valve body (1), the pressure relief channel (30) and the slide groove (31) are connected via a connecting groove (32), a connecting port (33) adapted to the slide groove (31) is provided on the inner wall of the valve body (1), a limiting spring (34) is installed on the inner wall of the valve body (1), a limiting column (35) adapted to the connecting groove (32) is provided on the outer wall of the limiting spring (34), and the slide groove is provided on the inner wall of the valve body (1). A connecting rod (36) adapted to the valve core (6) is provided on the inner wall of (31), a connecting column (37) adapted to the connecting groove (32) is provided on the outer wall of the bottom end of the connecting rod (36), a second connecting spring (38) adapted to the connecting column (37) is provided on the inner wall of the connecting rod (36), a connecting groove (39) adapted to the connecting column (37) is provided on the outer wall of the bottom end of the connecting rod (36), and a connecting flow channel (40) is provided on the inner walls of the valve stem (5), the valve core (6) and the connecting rod (36).

4. The multi-stage pressure reducing and buffering safety valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer assembly comprises a connecting plate (41) mounted on the inner wall of the inflow channel (2), openings (42) are formed on the outer wall of the connecting plate (41) at equal intervals, a connecting shaft (43) is provided on the outer periphery of the connecting plate (41) along the circumferential direction, a buffer plate (44) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the connecting shaft (43), and a buffer spring (45) adapted to the buffer plate (44) is provided on the outer wall of the connecting shaft (43).

5. The multi-stage pressure reducing and buffering safety valve according to claim 4, characterized in that: The buffer assembly further comprises a conical block (46) fixed on the outer wall of the connecting rod (36), a rotating ring (47) is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the top end of the conical block (46), and inclined plates (48) are evenly spaced on the outer wall of the rotating ring (47).

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