A processing equipment and method for irregularly shaped through grooves

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of combined machining technology for through-grooves, specifically to a machining equipment and method for irregularly shaped through-grooves. The invention provides a machining equipment for irregularly shaped through-grooves, comprising: a machine tool base; a positioning and detection component for circumferentially fixing an annular thin-walled portion; and a pneumatic dynamic support component, including multiple support sub-components distributed annularly on the outer circumferential surface of the annular thin-walled portion. Each support sub-component includes an elastic support plate that elastically abuts against the outer circumferential surface of the annular thin-walled portion and corresponds one-to-one with the position of the stepped groove. The width of the elastic support plate is preset according to the longitudinal width of the stepped groove. During milling, a second solenoid valve controls the air source to inflate the elastic bladder, increasing the support force as the milling progresses. A dynamic pneumatic pressure sensor monitors the air pressure and stops when it reaches a preset value. During grinding, a first solenoid valve and a second solenoid valve are simultaneously opened, maintaining the support force through a dynamic balance of "intake-exhaust." The airflow dissipates heat through the elastic support plate, keeping the temperature of the grinding zone suitable and preventing softening and deformation of the workpiece material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of combined processing technology for through-slots, and specifically to a processing equipment and method for irregularly shaped through-slots. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of modern manufacturing towards higher precision and efficiency, the requirements for the accuracy and performance of parts in the machining field are constantly increasing. In the internal machining process, the machining of annular grooves is a crucial step, widely used in the manufacture of mechanical parts such as special seals, connectors, and transmission components. These annular grooves not only perform important functions such as sealing, connection, and transmission, but their machining accuracy directly affects the assembly quality and overall performance of the parts.

[0003] However, machining irregular grooves in annular thin-walled workpieces faces numerous technical challenges. These workpieces exhibit a "thin-walled, hollow" structure. On one hand, in terms of process control, traditional support devices often employ fixed pneumatic or hydraulic support methods, which cannot dynamically adjust the support force according to changes in the wall thickness of the annular workpiece. When the workpiece wall thickness decreases, the fixed support force is either insufficient, leading to cutting vibration, or excessive, causing reverse indentation, making it difficult to effectively control workpiece deformation. On the other hand, in terms of tool wear monitoring, traditional equipment relies on manual periodic tool changes or offline roughness testing to determine tool condition, lacking real-time monitoring capabilities. It cannot promptly distinguish between gradual tool wear and sudden chipping. When tool wear leads to increased cutting force, deformation in the thin-walled area accumulates until a significant change in roughness is detected, at which point multiple workpieces have already exceeded tolerances and are scrapped, resulting in low machining efficiency and increased production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a processing equipment and method for irregular through grooves, which solves the problems in the prior art that cannot dynamically adjust the support force according to the changes in the wall thickness of the annular workpiece and lack the ability to monitor tool wear in real time.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a processing device for irregularly shaped through grooves. The device mills the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion of the workpiece to form an irregularly shaped inner wall groove. The irregularly shaped inner wall groove has stepped grooves distributed vertically. The processing device includes:

[0007] Machine tool base;

[0008] The positioning and detection component is used to circumferentially fix the annular thin-walled portion;

[0009] The pneumatic dynamic support assembly includes multiple support sub-assemblies distributed in a ring on the outer peripheral surface of the annular thin-walled portion. Each support sub-assembly includes an elastic support plate that elastically abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the annular thin-walled portion and corresponds one-to-one with the position of the stepped groove. The supporting force of the elastic support plate on the annular thin-walled portion is proportional to the wall thickness at the stepped groove of the annular thin-walled portion.

[0010] The milling spindle telescopic mechanism is located above the machine tool base;

[0011] Both the milling assembly and the grinding assembly are located at the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism and are used to mill the inner wall of the annular thin-walled section sequentially. Both the milling assembly and the grinding assembly include a radially driven machining wear monitoring assembly, which is used to monitor the milling and grinding resistance in real time and to issue an alarm when the grinding resistance exceeds a set threshold.

[0012] Furthermore, the positioning detection component includes a circumferential positioning roller disposed radially on the annular thin-walled portion and a telescopic drive component for telescopically driving the circumferential positioning roller. The positioning detection component has multiple components and is staggered with the pneumatic dynamic support component.

[0013] Furthermore, the pneumatic dynamic support assembly includes a support frame disposed radially on the elastic support plate, a dynamically compensating elastic bladder airtightly fixed between the elastic support plate and the support frame, the dynamically compensating elastic bladder being connected to an air source device through an air inlet pipe penetrating the support frame, a first solenoid valve being installed on the dynamically compensating elastic bladder, a second solenoid valve being installed on the air inlet pipe, and a dynamic air pressure sensor being fixedly disposed inside the dynamically compensating elastic bladder, the dynamic air pressure sensor monitoring the air pressure inside the dynamically compensating elastic bladder in real time and feeding it back to the control system.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes an inner wall protrusion detection component disposed at the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism, used to detect the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion before machining the annular thin-walled portion. The inner wall protrusion detection component includes a perforated tube that can move radially along the annular thin-walled portion. The upper end of the perforated tube is airtightly rotatably connected to a moving tube. The lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism is fixed with a limit frame. Electromagnetic adsorption pairs and a first elastic element are fixed to the inner walls of the limit frame on both sides of the moving tube, respectively. A distance sensor is fixed to one side of the moving tube. The distance sensor is electrically connected to an alarm device and a control system. The upper end of the moving tube is connected to a debris adsorption device through a pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the machining wear monitoring component includes a motion frame coaxially fixed to the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism, with arc-shaped guide rods fixed on the inner walls of both sides of the motion frame, and a sliding sleeve airtightly slidably fitted on the arc-shaped guide rods, with an airtightly elastic support bladder airtightly fixed between one side of the sliding sleeve and the motion frame.

[0016] A first cylinder is airtightly fixed to one side of the outer wall of the motion frame. An air outlet is provided inside the motion frame, connecting the air pressure elastic support bladder and the first cylinder. A wear trigger piston is airtightly slidably connected inside the first cylinder. A second elastic element is fixed between the wear trigger piston and the motion frame. A contact switch is fixed to the inner wall of the first cylinder. The contact switch is electrically connected to an alarm device. An air inlet is provided on the outer surface of the first cylinder near the air outlet.

[0017] Furthermore, the rotation direction of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism is the same as the direction in which the sliding sleeve slides toward the pneumatic elastic support bladder.

[0018] Furthermore, a second cylinder is provided on the outer surface of the first cylinder and airtightly fixed at the air inlet. A displacement feedback piston is airtightly slidably connected inside the second cylinder. A vent hole communicating with the outside is opened inside the second cylinder. A resistor block is fixed on the outer wall of the displacement feedback piston. A resistor plate that keeps in contact with the resistor block is embedded in the inner wall of the second cylinder. The resistor block and resistor plate are electrically connected to the alarm device through an electromagnetic relay.

[0019] A processing method for an irregularly shaped through groove processing device includes the following steps:

[0020] S1. The workpiece to be processed is centered on the upper surface of the machine tool base, and the annular thin-walled part is circumferentially fixed by the positioning detection component so that the annular thin-walled part coincides with the axis of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism;

[0021] S2. Under the combined action of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism and the milling assembly, the inner wall of the annular thin-walled part is milled to form an inner wall irregular groove. The elastic support plate in the pneumatic dynamic support assembly gradually increases the pneumatic support force during the milling process and maintains the pneumatic support force during the grinding process.

[0022] During the machining process of the workpiece, the machining wear monitoring component monitors the milling and grinding resistance in real time and alarms when the grinding resistance exceeds the threshold.

[0023] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the known prior art:

[0024] 1. The width of the elastic support plate is preset according to the longitudinal width of the stepped groove. During milling, the air source is controlled by the second solenoid valve to inflate the elastic bladder. The support force increases with the progress of milling. The dynamic air pressure sensor monitors the air pressure and stops when it reaches the preset value. During grinding, the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve are opened at the same time. The support force is maintained by the dynamic balance of "inlet-out". The airflow dissipates heat through the elastic support plate to make the temperature of the grinding zone suitable and avoid the softening and deformation of the workpiece material.

[0025] 2. The inner wall protrusion detection component, milling component, and grinding component are placed inside the workpiece to be processed by the milling spindle telescopic mechanism. The electromagnetic adsorption force generated by the energized electromagnetic adsorption overcomes the resistance of the first elastic element until the tube abuts against the inner wall of the workpiece. During the rotation, the tube always rolls in contact with the inner wall of the workpiece. The distance sensor monitors the distance change in real time and transmits the distance signal to the control system in real time. When the distance change value of the distance sensor exceeds the threshold, it indicates that there is a defect. The controller controls the alarm device to issue an alarm reminder to avoid processing the workpiece with defects and wasting resources.

[0026] 3. When the milling and grinding components squeeze the sliding sleeve, the air in the pneumatic elastic support bladder enters the second cylinder through the air outlet and air inlet. This pushes the displacement feedback piston, causing the resistor block to slide on the resistance plate. When the resistance value drops to the lower threshold, the electromagnetic relay is activated, triggering an alarm. This alarm indicates that the tool is experiencing progressive mechanical wear due to the continuous and slow increase in overall roughness caused by the operation. If the resistance increases instantaneously, and the amount of air entering the first cylinder through the air outlet far exceeds the amount entering the second cylinder through the air inlet, the wear trigger piston is pushed against the contact switch to activate the alarm device. This alarm indicates that the change in overall roughness indicates severe tool wear / chipping. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a front view of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is an enlarged view of the pneumatic dynamic support component in this invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a top view of the pneumatic dynamic support component and the positioning detection component in this invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the inner wall protrusion detection component in this invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a front view of the wear monitoring component in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is an enlarged view of the wear monitoring component in the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 6Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0035] Reference numerals: 100, workpiece to be processed; 101, annular thin-walled section; 102, inner wall irregular groove; 1, machine tool base; 2, positioning and detection assembly; 21, circumferential positioning roller; 22, telescopic drive component; 3, pneumatic dynamic support assembly; 31, elastic support plate; 32, support frame; 33, dynamic compensation elastic bladder; 34, first solenoid valve; 35, air inlet pipe; 36, second solenoid valve; 37, dynamic air pressure sensor; 4, milling spindle telescopic mechanism; 5, inner wall protrusion detection assembly; 51, bore; 52, moving part. 53. Tube; 54. Electromagnetic adsorption pair; 55. First elastic element; 56. Distance sensor; 67. Debris adsorption device; 68. Processing wear monitoring component; 69. Motion frame; 60. Arc-shaped guide rod; 61. Sliding sleeve; 62. Pneumatic elastic support bladder; 63. Air outlet; 64. First cylinder; 65. Wear trigger piston; 66. Second elastic element; 67. Second cylinder; 68. Vent hole; 69. Displacement feedback piston; 60. Contact switch; 610. Resistor block; 611. Resistor plate; 612. Air inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To better understand this technical solution, a detailed explanation will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0037] Example: Refer to Figures 1 to 7 A processing device for irregularly shaped through grooves, wherein the processing device mills the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion 101 of the workpiece 100 to form an inner irregularly shaped groove 102, the inner irregularly shaped groove 102 having stepped grooves distributed vertically, as shown in the figure. Figure 1 The cross-section of the irregular groove 102 on the inner wall is irregular, but it can also be other groove types.

[0038] This processing equipment can sequentially mill the annular thin-walled portion 101. It includes a machine tool base 1 and a positioning and detection assembly 2 positioned above the machine tool base 1 for circumferentially fixing the annular thin-walled portion 101. Specifically, referring to the machine tool base 1, the positioning and detection assembly 2 includes a circumferential positioning roller 21 positioned radially on the annular thin-walled portion 101 and a telescopic drive component 22 for telescopically driving the circumferential positioning roller 21. Multiple positioning and detection assemblies 2 are arranged in a circular array, and the positioning and detection assemblies 2 and the pneumatic dynamic support assembly 3 are staggered. During milling, the cutting force is non-uniformly distributed circumferentially (e.g., the difference in cutting resistance at different depths during stepped groove machining). The staggered distribution of the positioning and detection assemblies 2 and the pneumatic dynamic support assembly 3 allows the clamping force of the circumferential positioning roller 21 and the supporting force of the elastic support plate 31 to form a cross-balance, avoiding localized stress overload caused by traditional co-positioning. This maximizes the utilization rate of the circumferential annular space of the workpiece 100.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 The pneumatic dynamic support assembly 3 includes multiple support sub-assemblies distributed annularly on the outer periphery of the annular thin-walled portion 101. Specifically, the support sub-assemblies and the positioning detection assembly 2 are staggered. More specifically, each support sub-assembly includes an elastic support plate 31 that elastically abuts against the outer periphery of the annular thin-walled portion 101 and corresponds one-to-one with the stepped groove position. Since a standardized model is formed first, multiple elastic support plates 31 are pre-set, and the supporting force of the elastic support plate 31 on the annular thin-walled portion 101 is proportional to the wall thickness at the stepped groove of the annular thin-walled portion 101. This proportional relationship is monitored by the dynamic pneumatic pressure sensor 37 to monitor changes in wall thickness and fed back to the control system, which is controlled by the first solenoid valve 34 and the second solenoid valve 36. The dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33 is adjusted by regulating the air pressure inside. The dynamic air pressure support assembly 3 includes a support frame 32 arranged radially on the elastic support plate 31. A dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33 is airtightly fixed between the elastic support plate 31 and the support frame 32. The dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33 is connected to an air source device through an air inlet pipe 35 passing through the support frame 32. The air source device includes existing air pumps, pipelines, etc. A first solenoid valve 34 is installed on the dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33, and a second solenoid valve 36 is installed on the air inlet pipe 35. A dynamic air pressure sensor 37 is fixedly installed inside the dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33. The dynamic air pressure sensor 37 monitors the air pressure inside the dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33 in real time and feeds it back to the control system. Based on the air pressure data collected by the dynamic air pressure sensor 37, the control system adjusts the opening degree of the first solenoid valve 34 and the second solenoid valve 36 through a PID algorithm so that the support force F and the wall thickness d satisfy F=k・d (k is a preset proportional coefficient of 0.5-1.0N / mm).

[0040] The dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33 of the pneumatic dynamic support component 3 and the elastic support plate 31 form a flexible support unit. When the milling component cuts into the inner wall of the workpiece to reduce the wall thickness, the dynamic air pressure sensor 37 collects the pressure change of the dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33 caused by the deformation of the workpiece in real time. This signal is transmitted to the PLC control system, which calculates the required air pressure compensation value through a proportional-integral algorithm. The system then controls the first solenoid valve 34 and the second solenoid valve 36 to adjust the air intake so that the support force F and the wall thickness d satisfy F=k・d (k is a preset proportional coefficient, with a value of 0.5-1.0 N / mm). For example, when the wall thickness is reduced from 3 mm to 1.5 mm, the air pressure increases linearly from 0.2 MPa to 0.4 MPa, ensuring that the support force increases synchronously with the decrease in rigidity, effectively offsetting the deformation caused by the cutting force.

[0041] The milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4 is located above the machine tool base 1. The milling assembly and the grinding assembly are both located at the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4 and are used to mill the inner wall of the annular thin-walled part 101 sequentially. Both the milling assembly and the grinding assembly include a radially driven machining wear monitoring assembly 6. The milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4 includes a servo motor that drives the milling assembly and the grinding assembly to rotate and a ball screw mechanism for axial feed. The milling assembly and the grinding assembly are connected to the motion frame 61 through a radial slide. The radial feed is achieved by the radial drive mechanism of the machining wear monitoring assembly 6 (not shown), which is prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The processing equipment also includes an inner wall protrusion detection component 5 disposed at the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4, used to detect the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion 101 before processing it. The inner wall protrusion detection component 5 includes a perforated tube 51 that can move radially along the annular thin-walled portion 101. The upper end of the perforated tube 51 is airtightly rotatably connected to a moving tube 52. A limit frame is fixed at the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4. Electromagnetic adsorption pairs 53 and a first elastic element 54 are fixed to the inner wall of the limit frame on both sides of the moving tube 52, respectively. The electromagnetic adsorption pairs 53 consist of two... The system consists of a group of electromagnets arranged in opposite directions. When energized, these electromagnets generate a radial attraction force (attraction force ≥ 5N), which overcomes the resistance of the first elastic element 54 and causes the orifice 51 to contact the inner wall of the workpiece. A distance sensor 55 is fixed on one side of the moving tube 52. The distance sensor 55 is a laser displacement sensor (model IL-600). The distance sensor 55 is electrically connected to an alarm device and a control system. The upper end of the moving tube 52 is connected to a debris adsorption device 56 through a pipe. The debris adsorption device 56 has a built-in vacuum cleaner for sucking up debris generated by milling and grinding.

[0043] Reference Figures 6 to 7 The machining wear monitoring component 6 is used to monitor milling and grinding resistance in real time and to alarm when the grinding resistance exceeds a set threshold. On one hand, the machining wear monitoring component 6 includes a motion frame 61 coaxially fixed to the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4. Arc-shaped guide rods 62 are fixed on the inner walls of both sides of the motion frame 61. A sliding sleeve 63 is airtightly slidably fitted on the arc-shaped guide rods 62. A pneumatic elastic support bladder 64 is airtightly fixed between one side of the sliding sleeve 63 and the motion frame 61. A first cylinder 66 is airtightly fixed to the outer wall of one side of the motion frame 61. An air outlet 65 is opened in the motion frame 61, which connects the pneumatic elastic support bladder 64 and the first cylinder 66. A wear trigger piston 67 is airtightly slidably connected in the first cylinder 66. A second elastic element 68 is fixed between the wear trigger piston 67 and the motion frame 61. A contact switch 612 is fixed on the inner wall of the first cylinder 66. The contact switch 612 is electrically connected to the alarm device. An air inlet 615 is opened on the outer surface of the first cylinder 66 near the air outlet 65.

[0044] Furthermore, the following setup is implemented for tool chipping detection: a second cylinder 69 is airtightly fixed to the outer surface of the first cylinder 66 at the air inlet 615. A displacement feedback piston 611 is airtightly slidably connected inside the second cylinder 69. A vent 610 communicating with the outside is opened inside the second cylinder 69. A resistor block 613 is fixed to the outer wall of the displacement feedback piston 611. A resistor plate 614, in contact with the resistor block 613, is embedded in the inner wall of the second cylinder 69. The resistor block 613 and the resistor plate 614 are electrically connected to an alarm device via an electromagnetic relay. The basis for wear monitoring is that the rotation direction of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4 is the same as the sliding direction of the sliding sleeve 63 towards the pneumatic elastic support bladder 64, in order to sense resistance.

[0045] The pneumatic elastic support bladder 64 and sliding sleeve 63 of the machining wear monitoring component 6 constitute resistance sensing: Progressive wear monitoring: When normal tool wear causes a slow increase in resistance, the sliding sleeve 63 squeezes the pneumatic elastic support bladder 64, and gas enters the first cylinder 66 through the air outlet 65. At the same time, gas enters the second cylinder 69 through the air inlet 615, pushing the displacement feedback piston 611 to cause a sudden drop in the contact resistance between the resistor block 613 and the resistor plate 614. The electromagnetic relay is activated, triggering the alarm device with an audible and visual alarm; Sudden chipping alarm: When the tool chipping causes a sudden increase in resistance, the gas in the pneumatic elastic support bladder 64 rushes into the first cylinder 66, overcoming the elastic force of the second elastic element 68 and pushing the wear trigger piston 67 to contact the switch 612 momentarily, activating the alarm device with an audible and visual alarm.

[0046] This invention provides a processing method for an equipment for processing irregularly shaped through grooves, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1. Reference Figure 1The workpiece 100 to be processed is centered on the upper surface of the machine tool base 1. Before placing the workpiece 100 on the upper surface of the machine tool base 1, the positioning detection component 2, the inner wall protrusion detection component 5, the milling component, and the grinding component are all in a position that does not interfere with the placement of the workpiece 100. The positioning detection component 2 is used to circumferentially fix the annular thin-walled part 101 so that the annular thin-walled part 101 coincides with the axis of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4. The milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4 places the inner wall protrusion detection component 5, the milling component, and the grinding component inside the workpiece 100. The hole tube 51 and the moving tube 52 are positioned away from the inner wall of the workpiece 100 under the traction of the first elastic element 54. Then, the electromagnetic adsorption is applied. When energized, the electromagnetic attraction force generated by the energizer 53 overcomes the resistance of the first elastic element 54 until the tube 51 comes into contact with the inner wall of the workpiece 100. The milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4 drives the inner wall protrusion detection component 5 to rotate one revolution. During the rotation, the tube 51 always rolls in contact with the inner wall of the workpiece 100. The distance sensor 55 monitors the distance change in real time and transmits the distance signal to the control system in real time. When the distance change value of the distance sensor 55 exceeds the threshold, it indicates that there is a defect. The controller controls the alarm device to sound an alarm. If the distance change value does not exceed the threshold, it indicates that there is no defect. The alarm device will not sound an alarm. Then, the energizer 53 is de-energized, so that the first elastic element 54 is reset under the elastic force.

[0048] S2. Under the combined action of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4 and the milling assembly, the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion 101 is milled to form an inner wall irregular groove 102. The elastic support plate 31 in the pneumatic dynamic support assembly 3 gradually increases the pneumatic support force during the milling process and maintains the pneumatic support force during the grinding process. The milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4 drives the milling assembly and the grinding assembly to process the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion 101 in sequence. It should be noted that the longitudinal width of each stepped groove in the inner wall irregular groove 102 is different. In order to provide pneumatic dynamic support for the stepped grooves at different positions, the longitudinal width of the elastic support plate 31 is preset. During the milling process of the stepped groove at the corresponding position, the elastic support plate 31 first contacts the outer wall of the workpiece 100 to be processed, and then the second solenoid valve 36 is opened. As the milling operation proceeds, the air source device fills the dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33 with air through the air inlet pipe 35, thereby gradually increasing the pneumatic thrust on the elastic support plate 31, and thus gradually increasing the pneumatic thrust on the elastic support plate 31. The support force of the stepped groove is dynamically compensated. The dynamic air pressure sensor 37 monitors the internal air pressure of the dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33 in real time and stops when the air pressure reaches the preset value. The cross-sectional width of the stepped groove is proportional to the preset air pressure value. During the subsequent grinding operation, the second solenoid valve 36 and the first solenoid valve 34 are opened at the same time. Air is continuously injected into the dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33 through the air inlet pipe 35 and discharged through the first solenoid valve 34 to form a dynamic balance of air pressure support force for the stepped groove. The heat generated by grinding is transmitted to the dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33 through the elastic support plate 31. The air exchange is more conducive to cooling the workpiece 100 to be processed, and plays an additional cooling role. The second solenoid valve 36 maintains a constant exhaust volume. The support force is maintained through the dynamic balance of "inlet-exhaust". At the same time, the airflow dissipates heat to the processing area through the micropores of the elastic support plate 31, so that the temperature of the grinding area is controlled within a suitable temperature range, and the material of the workpiece 100 to be processed softens and deforms.

[0049] The positioning and detection component 2 and the support sub-component are evenly distributed and interleaved to effectively support the outer wall of the workpiece 100 to be processed. (Refer to...) Figure 3 ;

[0050] During the machining of workpiece 100, the machining wear monitoring component 6 monitors the milling and grinding resistance in real time and alarms when the grinding resistance exceeds the threshold. Both the milling and grinding components are located at the lower end of the sliding sleeve 63. During milling and grinding, the milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4 generates a rotational resistance towards the pneumatic elastic support bladder 64 due to the milling and grinding resistance. Two common scenarios exist during milling and grinding: the first is progressive mechanical wear where the tool's overall roughness increases slowly due to operation; the second is where the change in overall roughness indicates severe tool wear / chipping. In the first scenario, although tool wear is inevitable, causing the milling and grinding resistance to gradually increase, the milling and grinding components passively compress the pneumatic elastic support bladder 64 through the sliding sleeve 63. This gradually reduces the air pressure within the pneumatic elastic support bladder 64, which is then forced into the first cylinder 66 through the air outlet 65. The air inlet 615 enters the second cylinder 69, pushing the displacement feedback piston 611 to move towards the vent 610. The displacement feedback piston 611 simultaneously drives the resistor block 613 onto the resistor plate 614. The resistance value of the circuit containing the resistor block 613 and the resistor plate 614 gradually decreases, but the electromagnetic contact in the electromagnetic relay cannot be engaged because the current in the circuit is relatively small. When the resistance value of the circuit containing the resistor block 613 and the resistor plate 614 reaches the lower threshold, the current of the electromagnetic relay also reaches the threshold and engages, thereby activating the alarm device to alert the staff to handle the situation promptly. In the second case, the milling and grinding resistance will increase instantaneously, causing the amount of air entering the first cylinder 66 through the air outlet 65 to be much greater than the amount of air entering the second cylinder 69 through the air inlet 615. This overcomes the elastic force of the second elastic element 68, pushing the wear trigger piston 67 to move and press against the contact switch 612, activating the alarm device to alert the staff to handle the situation promptly.

[0051] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0052] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A processing device for irregularly shaped through grooves, wherein the processing device mills the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion (101) of a workpiece (100) into an inner wall irregularly shaped groove (102), said inner wall irregularly shaped groove (102) having stepped grooves distributed vertically, characterized in that, The processing equipment includes: Machine tool base (1); The positioning and detection component (2) circumferentially fixes the annular thin-walled portion (101); The pneumatic dynamic support assembly (3) includes multiple support sub-assemblies distributed in a ring on the outer peripheral surface of the annular thin-walled portion (101). Each support sub-assembly includes an elastic support plate (31) that elastically abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the annular thin-walled portion (101) and corresponds one-to-one with the position of the stepped groove. The support force of the elastic support plate (31) on the annular thin-walled portion (101) is proportional to the wall thickness at the stepped groove of the annular thin-walled portion (101). The milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4) is located above the machine tool base (1); Both the milling assembly and the grinding assembly are located at the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4) and are used to mill the inner wall of the annular thin-walled part (101) sequentially. Both the milling assembly and the grinding assembly include a radially driven machining wear monitoring assembly (6). The machining wear monitoring assembly (6) is used to monitor the milling and grinding resistance in real time and to alarm when the grinding resistance exceeds the set threshold.

2. The processing equipment for irregularly shaped through grooves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning detection component (2) includes a circumferential positioning roller (21) disposed radially on the annular thin-walled portion (101) and a telescopic drive component (22) for telescopically driving the circumferential positioning roller (21). The positioning detection component (2) has multiple components and is staggered with the pneumatic dynamic support component (3).

3. The processing equipment for irregularly shaped through grooves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pneumatic dynamic support assembly (3) includes a support frame (32) arranged radially on the elastic support plate (31). A dynamic compensation elastic bladder (33) is airtightly fixed between the elastic support plate (31) and the support frame (32). The dynamic compensation elastic bladder (33) is connected to an air source device through an air inlet pipe (35) that passes through the support frame (32). A first solenoid valve (34) is installed on the dynamic compensation elastic bladder (33), and a second solenoid valve (36) is installed on the air inlet pipe (35). A dynamic air pressure sensor (37) is fixedly installed inside the dynamic compensation elastic bladder (33). The dynamic air pressure sensor (37) monitors the air pressure inside the dynamic compensation elastic bladder (33) in real time and feeds it back to the control system.

4. The processing equipment for irregularly shaped through grooves according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an inner wall protrusion detection component (5) located at the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4), used to detect the inner wall of the annular thin-walled part (101) before processing the annular thin-walled part (101). The inner wall protrusion detection component (5) includes a perforated tube (51) that can move radially along the annular thin-walled part (101). The upper end of the perforated tube (51) is airtightly rotatably connected to a moving tube (52). The lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4) is fixed with a limit frame. The two sides of the moving tube (52) are respectively fixed with an electromagnetic adsorption pair (53) and a first elastic element (54) to the inner wall of the limit frame. A distance sensor (55) is fixed on one side of the moving tube (52). The distance sensor (55) is electrically connected to an alarm device and a control system. The upper end of the moving tube (52) is connected to a debris adsorption device (56) through a pipe.

5. The processing equipment for irregularly shaped through grooves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The machining wear monitoring component (6) includes a motion frame (61) coaxially fixed to the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4). Arc-shaped guide rods (62) are fixed on the inner walls of both sides of the motion frame (61). A sliding sleeve (63) is airtightly slidably fitted on the arc-shaped guide rod (62). A pneumatic elastic support bladder (64) is airtightly fixed between one side of the sliding sleeve (63) and the motion frame (61). A first cylinder (66) is airtightly fixed to one side of the outer wall of the motion frame (61). An air outlet (65) is provided inside the motion frame (61) to connect the air pressure elastic support bladder (64) and the first cylinder (66). A wear trigger piston (67) is airtightly slidably connected inside the first cylinder (66). A second elastic element (68) is fixed between the wear trigger piston (67) and the motion frame (61). A contact switch (612) is fixed to the inner wall of the first cylinder (66). The contact switch (612) is electrically connected to the alarm device. An air inlet (615) is provided on the outer surface of the first cylinder (66) near the air outlet (65).

6. The processing equipment for irregularly shaped through grooves according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rotation direction of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4) is the same as the sliding direction of the sliding sleeve (63) towards the pneumatic elastic support bladder (64).

7. The processing equipment for irregularly shaped through grooves according to claim 5, characterized in that, A second cylinder (69) is provided on the outer surface of the first cylinder (66) and airtightly fixed at the air inlet (615). A displacement feedback piston (611) is airtightly slidably connected inside the second cylinder (69). A vent (610) communicating with the outside is provided inside the second cylinder (69). A resistor block (613) is fixed on the outer wall of the displacement feedback piston (611). A resistor plate (614) is embedded in the inner wall of the second cylinder (69) and keeps in contact with the resistor block (613). The resistor block (613) and the resistor plate (614) are electrically connected to the alarm device through an electromagnetic relay.

8. A processing method for a processing apparatus for irregularly shaped through grooves according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The workpiece (100) to be processed is placed on the upper surface of the machine tool base (1) and the annular thin-walled part (101) is circumferentially fixed by the positioning detection component (2) so that the annular thin-walled part (101) coincides with the axis of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4); S2. Under the combined action of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4) and the milling assembly, the inner wall of the annular thin-walled part (101) is milled to form an inner wall irregular groove (102). The elastic support plate (31) in the pneumatic dynamic support assembly (3) gradually increases the pneumatic support force during the milling process and maintains the pneumatic support force during the grinding process. During the processing of the workpiece (100), the machining wear monitoring component (6) monitors the milling and grinding resistance in real time and alarms when the grinding resistance exceeds the threshold.

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