Modularized coal gangue green storage system and storage method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste disposal and intelligent monitoring, and discloses a modular coal gangue green storage system and a storage method thereof.The modular coal gangue green storage system comprises a composite anti-seepage module which comprises a coarse gravel composite layer, an isolation layer, an anti-seepage composite layer and a supporting layer which are distributed from top to bottom; the coarse gravel layer comprises a graded gravel layer and a coarse sand layer which are distributed from top to bottom; the isolating layer comprises a geotechnical cloth layer; the impermeable layer comprises a bentonite cushion layer and an HDPE film layer which are distributed from top to bottom; the support layer includes a base layer. According to the modularized green coal gangue storage system and the storage method thereof, continuous sensing and trend judgment of key environment indexes are achieved by setting five types of monitoring parameters including temperature, gas, liquid level, humidity and internal pressure, and graded early warning and response linkage are triggered in real time according to single abnormality and a comprehensive risk index R (t).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid waste disposal and intelligent monitoring, and specifically to a modular coal gangue green storage system and a storage method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Gangue is a solid waste generated during the coal mining and washing process. Gangue contains a variety of heavy metals, sulfides, organic matter, and acids and bases. Through leaching and infiltration by rainwater, the rainwater can carry various pollutants contained in the gangue into the ground, contaminating groundwater. Furthermore, gangue particles are fine, and after drying on the surface, they are prone to generating dust. Gangue contains small amounts of residual coal and sulfides, which slowly oxidize at room temperature and release heat. If the pile is poorly ventilated, this heat cannot be dissipated, causing the internal temperature to gradually rise and the gangue to spontaneously combust. Therefore, improper storage of gangue can lead to multiple environmental and safety issues.

[0003] Most existing storage structures adopt a single anti-seepage measure and lack intelligent monitoring and dynamic response mechanisms, making it difficult to adapt to the green disposal needs in the context of frequent environmental risks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical problems solved

[0005] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a modular coal gangue green storage system and a storage method thereof, which solves the problem raised in the above background technology that the existing storage structure is difficult to adapt to the green disposal needs in the context of frequent environmental risks.

[0006] (2) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A modular green storage system for coal gangue, comprising:

[0009] The composite anti-seepage module includes a coarse sand and gravel composite layer, an isolation layer, an anti-seepage composite layer, and a support layer distributed from top to bottom; the coarse sand and gravel layer includes a graded gravel layer and a coarse sand layer distributed from top to bottom; the isolation layer includes a geotextile layer; the anti-seepage layer includes a bentonite cushion layer and an HDPE film layer distributed from top to bottom; the support layer includes a foundation layer;

[0010] The modular channel well comprises an upper channel well, a lower channel well and a height adjustment module, wherein the height adjustment module is configured to move the upper channel well along the direction of the lower channel well and fix the upper channel well at a specified height; a spraying module is installed on the upper channel well; and a first monitoring module, a ventilation and drainage module and a filtration module are installed in the lower channel well from top to bottom;

[0011] The second monitoring module includes an anti-seepage monitoring unit and a percolation tank monitoring unit; the anti-seepage monitoring unit uses a humidity sensor and an internal pressure sensor to monitor the humidity and internal pressure of the composite anti-seepage module; the percolation tank monitoring unit uses a liquid level sensor to monitor the liquid level of the leachate collection tank;

[0012] Response linkage module, including sprinkler controller, fan ventilation device and injection pump and alarm monitoring equipment, the alarm monitoring equipment includes a remote alarm module for remote alarm;

[0013] Remote monitoring and logging module, the remote monitoring and logging module is configured to receive various monitoring data, risk identification results and response actions, and generate event logs and system reports.

[0014] Preferably, the graded gravel layer has a thickness of 300mm-500mm and a permeability coefficient greater than 1×10-3 c m / s;

[0015] The coarse sand layer has a particle size of 2-5 mm and a thickness of 10-30 cm;

[0016] The geotextile layer specification is greater than 200g / ㎡, and the seam width is less than or equal to 150mm;

[0017] The bentonite cushion layer is 20-50mm thick and uses sodium-based bentonite. A humidity sensor is buried in the bentonite cushion layer to monitor the local humidity of the bentonite cushion layer. A self-repairing fluid replenishment device is laid inside the bentonite cushion layer. An internal pressure sensor is integrated in the self-repairing fluid replenishment device to monitor the internal pressure value of the bentonite cushion layer. An injection pump is connected to the self-repairing fluid replenishment device to replenish liquid into the repairing fluid replenishment device.

[0018] HDPE film thickness 1.0-2.5mm;

[0019] The compacted base layer is the compacted original soil;

[0020] A siphon drainage pipe is arranged inside the coarse sand layer, the siphon drainage pipe is connected to the leachate collection pool outside the composite anti-seepage module, and the liquid level sensor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the leachate collection pool.

[0021] Preferably, the spray module includes an annular degradation liquid tank fixed in the upper channel well, wherein the annular degradation liquid tank stores degradation liquid, a flow guide member connected to the bottom of the annular degradation liquid tank is fixedly connected, an end of the flow guide member away from the annular degradation liquid tank is fixedly connected to a centrifugal atomizing nozzle, the spray controller is connected to the centrifugal atomizing nozzle and is used to control the spraying of the centrifugal atomizing nozzle, and the spray module includes an exhaust fan fixedly connected to the upper channel well provided at the bottom;

[0022] The height adjustment module includes a slide rail fixed to the outer side wall of the lower channel well, the upper channel well is configured to slide up and down along the slide rail, and a plurality of multi-level positioning holes corresponding to the upper end of the lower channel well are opened at the bottom of the upper channel well;

[0023] The first monitoring module uses a multi-parameter gas sensor and an infrared temperature sensor fixed to the side wall of the lower channel well. The gas sensor is used to detect the concentration of harmful gases in the environment, and the infrared temperature sensor is used to detect the ambient temperature.

[0024] The ventilation and drainage filter module is arranged at the bottom of the lower channel well, the upper end of the ventilation and drainage filter module is located outside the gravel layer, and a fan ventilation device fixed to the side wall of the lower channel well is arranged above the ventilation and drainage filter module. The fan ventilation device is used for forced ventilation, and a ventilation mesh fixed to the inner wall of the lower channel well is arranged at the bottom of the fan ventilation device. The lower channel well is provided with a gas catalyst layer at the bottom of the ventilation mesh, and the gas catalyst layer is fixed to the inner wall of the lower channel well. The exhaust filter module includes a drainage channel, and the top of the drainage channel is arranged in the coarse sand layer;

[0025] The filter module includes a filter integration fixed in the lower channel well, the bottom of the drainage channel is connected to the filter integration, and one end of the filter integration away from the drainage channel is connected to the siphon drain pipe.

[0026] Preferably, the diameter of the modular channel well is 500 mm to 800 mm, and the upper and lower ends of each module in the modular channel well are connected to a splicing pipe groove.

[0027] Preferably, each sensor included in the second monitoring module uploads data to a remote platform via a LoRa communication module.

[0028] Preferably, when the humidity sensor and pressure sensor provided inside the bentonite cushion layer detect that the difference between the local humidity and the surrounding humidity exceeds 15% and P(t) is less than 0.8P0, the liquid injection repair device is triggered to perform directional liquid replenishment.

[0029] Preferably, the second monitoring module collects data such as temperature T(t), harmful gas concentration C(t), leachate level H(t), humidity W(t) and internal pressure P(t) in a 5-minute cycle, and is provided with the following single warning conditions:

[0030] T(t)>65℃ or ΔT>20℃;

[0031] H2S ≥ 10ppm or CH4 ≥ 0.5% or CO ≥ 24ppm;

[0032] The liquid level exceeds the set warning value;

[0033] Humidity difference>15% and P(t)<0.8P0.

[0034] Preferably, the system is provided with a comprehensive risk assessment function:

[0035]

[0036] Wherein, T0=65℃;

[0037] C0 is H2S concentration 6.6ppm;

[0038] W0 is the humidity threshold;

[0039] P0 is the design internal pressure value;

[0040] α1 to α4 are weighting coefficients.

[0041] Preferably, the system divides the warning levels into the following levels and responds in a coordinated manner based on the R(t) value combined with the independent channels of each physical quantity:

[0042] R(t)<0.7: Green state, the system maintains the basic monitoring frequency, data is uploaded regularly, and the status is continuously recorded;

[0043] 0.7≤R(t)<1.0: Yellow warning, the system automatically increases the sampling frequency, sends a prompt message to the remote platform, starts trend analysis, and reminds the on-duty personnel to pay attention to the on-site dynamics;

[0044] R(t)≥1.0: Orange or red warning, the system activates the spraying, ventilation and fluid replenishment linkage mechanism.

[0045] A modular green storage method for coal gangue comprises the following steps:

[0046] a. Structural deployment and equipment initialization: After the structural anti-seepage layer and modular access wells are installed in the storage area, five types of sensors are deployed in sequence: multi-parameter gas sensors, infrared temperature sensors, liquid level sensors, and humidity and internal pressure sensors. Each sensor is connected to the data acquisition control platform via the LoRa network to complete the communication network. The thresholds, response logic, and warning parameters of each monitoring indicator are set, and the system enters the standby state;

[0047] b. Layered feeding and compaction of coal gangue: The coal gangue is piled in layers to ensure structural stability. The system monitors the temperature, humidity, gas and other environmental parameters in real time during the pile changes;

[0048] c. Regular monitoring and collection of environmental data: The system automatically collects various monitoring data with a sampling period of 5 minutes;

[0049] d. Triggering graded warnings and responses based on single anomalies and R(t): Using single-item discrimination models such as ΔT, C(t), ΔH, W(t), and P(t) in conjunction with the comprehensive risk model R(t), the pile status is judged, the warning level is determined, and corresponding response measures are triggered. For example, when a yellow warning occurs, the sampling frequency is automatically increased, and the remote platform prompts manual attention; when an orange warning occurs, local sprinklers or ventilation devices are activated, and monitoring of key areas is intensified; when a red warning occurs, sprinklers, fans, and cushion rehydration repair devices are automatically linked, a remote alarm is issued, and a structural safety report is generated;

[0050] e. Determine whether to initiate cushion rehydration repair based on humidity-internal pressure coupling: If the difference between the local humidity and the surrounding humidity exceeds 15%, and P(t) decreases significantly, the system automatically activates the rehydration device to inject liquid, enhancing local expansion capacity and closing the defect. If local leakage occurs but no structural damage occurs, the bentonite cushion layer absorbs water molecules to achieve natural expansion and self-repair.

[0051] f. Record logs, generate reports, and perform remote maintenance scheduling: All abnormal events, early warning responses, and equipment actions are electronically logged and uploaded to the remote monitoring platform. The system automatically outputs operating data reports every 30 days for back-end analysis and operation and maintenance scheduling. If abnormal fluctuations in sensor data, frequent cushion rehydration, or persistent abnormal liquid levels are detected, the system will push operation and maintenance recommendations to achieve early intervention and precise operation and maintenance.

[0052] (3) Beneficial effects

[0053] The present invention provides a modular green storage system for coal gangue and a storage method thereof, which has the following features:

[0054] Beneficial effects:

[0055] 1. This modular green storage system for coal gangue and its storage method significantly improve the overall anti-seepage effect and mechanical stability of the coal gangue yard through the system's multi-layer anti-seepage structure and integrated modular three-dimensional channel wells, thereby reducing the risk of groundwater pollution and leakage spread.

[0056] 2. This modular green storage system for coal gangue and its storage method achieve continuous perception and trend judgment of key environmental indicators by setting five types of monitoring parameters: temperature, gas, liquid level, humidity and internal pressure, and trigger graded warning and response linkage in real time based on single anomalies and the comprehensive risk index R(t).

[0057] 3. This modular green storage system for coal gangue and its storage method realize autonomous operation and emergency handling under unmanned conditions through the system's establishment of a full-process intelligent closed loop from data collection, analysis and judgment, response control to remote record uploading.

[0058] 4. This modular green storage system for coal gangue and its storage method, through the natural water absorption and self-expansion ability of the bentonite cushion layer, can achieve automatic sealing when the structure is initially damaged; for complex damage situations caused by humidity differences and internal pressure drops, the system can automatically trigger the self-repairing fluid replenishment device to achieve directional compensation and local closure, thereby extending the service life of the structure.

[0059] 5. A modular green storage system for coal gangue and its storage method. The system records all sensing and response processes on a remote platform, generates operation logs and risk files, and facilitates later review, parameter optimization, and manual intervention, significantly improving the digitalization and refined management level of the coal gangue disposal process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 Schematic cross-sectional view of the multi-layer anti-seepage structure of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the modular three-dimensional channel well of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 3 Detailed schematic diagram of each module of the modular three-dimensional channel well of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the intelligent monitoring and linkage response unit of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of the coal-rock yard environmental monitoring and response control system of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of the operation of the system of the present invention.

[0066] In the figure: 1a, annular degradation liquid tank; 1b, degradation liquid; 1c, guide piece; 1d, centrifugal atomizing nozzle; 1e, exhaust fan; 2a, slide rail; 2b, multi-stage positioning hole; 3a, multi-parameter gas sensor; 3b, infrared temperature sensor; 4a, ventilation mesh; 4b, gas catalyst layer; 4c, drainage channel; 4d, filter integration. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] refer to Figures 1 to 5A modular green storage system for coal gangue and a storage method thereof according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below:

[0070] The composite anti-seepage module includes a coarse sand and gravel composite layer, an isolation layer, an anti-seepage composite layer and a support layer distributed from top to bottom; the coarse sand and gravel layer includes a graded gravel layer and a coarse sand layer distributed from top to bottom; the isolation layer includes a geotextile layer; the anti-seepage layer includes a bentonite cushion layer and a HDPE membrane layer distributed from top to bottom; the support layer includes a foundation layer;

[0071] The modular channel well includes an upper channel well, a lower channel well, and a height adjustment module. The height adjustment module is configured to move the upper channel well along the direction of the lower channel well and fix the upper channel well at a specified height. The upper channel well is equipped with a spraying module. The lower channel well is equipped with a first monitoring module, a ventilation and drainage module, and a filtration module from top to bottom.

[0072] The second monitoring module includes an anti-seepage monitoring unit and a percolation tank monitoring unit; the anti-seepage monitoring unit uses a humidity sensor and an internal pressure sensor to monitor the humidity and internal pressure of the composite anti-seepage module; the percolation tank monitoring unit uses a liquid level sensor to monitor the liquid level of the leachate collection tank;

[0073] Response linkage module, including sprinkler controller, fan ventilation device and injection pump and alarm monitoring equipment, the alarm monitoring equipment includes a remote alarm module for remote alarm;

[0074] Remote monitoring and logging module, the remote monitoring and logging module is configured to receive various monitoring data, risk identification results and response actions, and generate event logs and system reports.

[0075] Further, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the composite anti-seepage module achieves its anti-seepage function through the synergistic effect of its various structural layers. The coarse sand and gravel composite layer, isolation layer, anti-seepage composite layer, and support layer are sequentially distributed to block the infiltration path. The response linkage module, when monitoring data is abnormal, executes a response action through equipment such as the sprinkler controller, fan ventilation device, and injection pump.

[0076] The thickness of the graded gravel layer is 300mm-500mm, and the permeability coefficient is greater than 1×10-3cm / s;

[0077] The coarse sand layer has a particle size of 2-5 mm and a thickness of 10-30 cm;

[0078] The geotextile layer specification is greater than 200g / ㎡, and the seam width is less than or equal to 150mm;

[0079] The bentonite cushion layer is 20-50mm thick and uses sodium-based bentonite. A humidity sensor is buried in the bentonite cushion layer to monitor the local humidity of the bentonite cushion layer. A self-repairing fluid replenishment device is laid inside the bentonite cushion layer. An internal pressure sensor is integrated in the self-repairing fluid replenishment device to monitor the internal pressure value of the bentonite cushion layer. An injection pump is connected to the self-repairing fluid replenishment device to replenish liquid into the repairing fluid replenishment device.

[0080] HDPE film thickness 1.0-2.5mm;

[0081] The compacted base layer is the compacted original soil;

[0082] A siphon drainage pipe is arranged inside the coarse sand layer, and the siphon drainage pipe is connected to the leachate collection pool outside the composite anti-seepage module, and the liquid level sensor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the leachate collection pool.

[0083] Furthermore, the bentonite cushion layer may be made of sodium-based bentonite; the HDPE membrane layer may be laid by hot-melt welding as a core anti-seepage barrier; the leachate collection tank is composed of a concrete structure with an anti-seepage grade of not less than P8, and is used to collect the discharged liquid.

[0084] The spray module includes an annular degradation liquid tank 1a fixed in the upper channel well, and the annular degradation liquid tank 1a stores degradation liquid 1b. The bottom of the annular degradation liquid tank 1a is fixedly connected to a guide member 1c that is in communication with the annular degradation liquid tank 1a. The end of the guide member 1c away from the annular degradation liquid tank 1a is fixedly connected to a centrifugal atomizing nozzle 1d. The spray controller is connected to the centrifugal atomizing nozzle 1d and is used to control the spraying of the centrifugal atomizing nozzle 1d. The spray module includes an exhaust fan 1e provided at the bottom and fixedly connected to the upper channel well.

[0085] The height adjustment module includes a slide rail 2a fixed to the outer wall of the lower channel well. The upper channel well is configured to slide up and down along the slide rail 2a. A plurality of multi-level positioning holes 2b corresponding to the upper end of the lower channel well are opened at the bottom of the upper channel well.

[0086] The first monitoring module uses a multi-parameter gas sensor 3a and an infrared temperature sensor 3b fixed to the side wall of the lower channel well. The gas sensor 3a is used to detect the concentration of harmful gases in the environment, and the infrared temperature sensor 3b is used to detect the ambient temperature;

[0087] The ventilation and drainage filter module is arranged at the bottom of the lower channel well, the upper end of the ventilation and drainage filter module is located outside the gravel layer, and a fan ventilation device fixed to the side wall of the lower channel well is arranged above the ventilation and drainage filter module. The fan ventilation device is used for forced ventilation, and a ventilation mesh 4a fixed to the inner wall of the lower channel well is arranged at the bottom of the fan ventilation device. The lower channel well is provided with a gas catalyst layer 4b installed at the bottom of the ventilation mesh 4a, and the gas catalyst layer 4b is fixed to the inner wall of the lower channel well. The exhaust filter module includes a drainage channel 4c, and the top of the drainage channel 4c is arranged in the coarse sand layer;

[0088] The filter module includes a filter integration 4d fixed in the lower channel well, the bottom of the drainage channel 4c is connected to the filter integration 4d, and the end of the filter integration 4d away from the drainage channel 4c is connected to the siphon drain pipe.

[0089] Further, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, leachate and other liquids flow into the drainage channel 4c and then into the filter integration 4d. The filter integration 4d filters the leachate and other liquids to remove impurities therein, thereby ensuring that the discharged liquid is relatively clean, preventing impurities from clogging the pipeline, and maintaining the smoothness and stability of the system drainage.

[0090] The diameter of the modular channel well is 500mm to 800mm, and the upper and lower ends of each module in the modular channel well are connected with splicing pipe grooves.

[0091] Furthermore, the splicing pipe trough is used for splicing and arranging pipelines, which facilitates the construction of relevant fluid transmission pipelines in the channel well.

[0092] The sensors included in the second monitoring module upload data to the remote platform through the LoRa communication module.

[0093] Further, such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the LoRa communication module is used to realize long-distance wireless transmission of sensor data in a low-power manner, ensuring that monitoring data can be efficiently and stably transmitted from the site to the remote platform to meet remote monitoring needs.

[0094] When the humidity sensor and pressure sensor installed inside the bentonite cushion detect that the difference between the local humidity and the surrounding area exceeds 15% and P(t) is less than 0.8P0, the liquid injection repair device is triggered to perform directional liquid replenishment.

[0095] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, when the humidity sensor detects that the difference between the local humidity and the surrounding humidity exceeds 15%, and the pressure value P(t) measured by the pressure sensor is less than 0.8 times the initial pressure value Po, it indicates that the anti-seepage performance of the bentonite cushion layer may be reduced.

[0096] The second monitoring module collects data such as temperature T(t), harmful gas concentration C(t), leachate level H(t), humidity W(t) and internal pressure P(t) in a 5-minute cycle, and has the following single warning conditions:

[0097] T(t)>65℃ or ΔT>20℃;

[0098] H2S ≥ 10ppm or CH4 ≥ 0.5% or CO ≥ 24ppm;

[0099] The liquid level exceeds the set warning value;

[0100] Humidity difference>15% and P(t)<0.8P0.

[0101] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, when the temperature is too high (T(t)>65°C or △T>20°C), the concentration of harmful gases exceeds the standard (H2S≥10ppm or CH4≥0.5% or CO≥24ppm), the liquid level exceeds the set warning value, the humidity difference is >15% and P(t)<0.8Po, any of the following occurs, it indicates that there is an abnormal risk in the system operation and the warning is activated.

[0102] The system has a comprehensive risk assessment function:

[0103]

[0104] Wherein, T0=65℃;

[0105] C0 is H2S concentration 6.6ppm;

[0106] W0 is the humidity threshold;

[0107] P0 is the design internal pressure value;

[0108] α1 to α4 are weighting coefficients.

[0109] Furthermore, by quantifying the impact of each monitoring indicator on the risk, the real-time data is compared with the corresponding threshold, and the comprehensive risk value is calculated in combination with the weighting coefficient.

[0110] Based on the R(t) value and the independent channels of each physical quantity, the system divides the warning levels into the following levels and responds in a coordinated manner:

[0111] R(t)<0.7: Green state, the system maintains the basic monitoring frequency, data is uploaded regularly, and the status is continuously recorded;

[0112] 0.7≤R(t)<1.0: Yellow warning, the system automatically increases the sampling frequency, sends a prompt message to the remote platform, starts trend analysis, and reminds the on-duty personnel to pay attention to the on-site dynamics;

[0113] R(t)≥1.0: Orange or red warning, the system activates the spraying, ventilation and fluid replenishment linkage mechanism.

[0114] Furthermore, by quantifying risk values, we can respond to risks of varying degrees in a graded manner. This allows us to precisely implement policies based on the severity of the risk, ensuring orderly monitoring when the risk is low, and taking timely measures such as enhanced monitoring, personnel reminders, and equipment linkage to effectively address the risk when the risk increases.

[0115] The following is the entire working process and working principle of the above embodiment:

[0116] The modular coal-rock green storage system relies on the collaborative work of composite anti-seepage modules, modular channel wells, monitoring modules, and response linkage modules. The composite anti-seepage module is composed of a coarse sand and gravel composite layer, an isolation layer, an anti-seepage composite layer, and a support layer. Each layer is combined according to specific specifications to block the leakage of coal-rock leachate; the modular channel well includes an upper channel well, a lower channel well, and a height adjustment module. The upper channel well is equipped with a spraying module, and the lower channel well has monitoring, ventilation and drainage, and filtration modules. The height can be adjusted as needed and related functions can be performed.

[0117] Meanwhile, the second monitoring module collects data on a 5-minute cycle, including temperature, hazardous gas concentration, leachate level, humidity, and internal pressure. It triggers alerts based on individual warning conditions, such as exceeding temperature or hazardous gas concentration limits. It also quantifies risk using a comprehensive risk assessment function and categorizes alert levels based on R(t) values. A green status maintains basic monitoring, a yellow status increases sampling frequency and prompts, and an orange or red status activates spraying, ventilation, and fluid replenishment mechanisms. Data collected by these sensors is uploaded to a remote platform via a LoRa communication module. The remote monitoring and logging module receives, processes, and generates log reports. Through its modular design, intelligent monitoring, and tiered response, the system achieves green storage and risk management for coal-mining rock.

[0118] Example 2

[0119] refer to Figures 1 to 6 ,

[0120] A modular green storage method for coal gangue comprises the following steps:

[0121] a. Structural deployment and equipment initialization: After the structural anti-seepage layer and modular access wells are installed in the storage area, five types of sensors are deployed in sequence: a multi-parameter gas sensor 3a, an infrared temperature sensor 3b, a liquid level sensor, and a humidity and internal pressure sensor. Each sensor is connected to the data acquisition control platform via the LoRa network to complete the communication network. The thresholds for each monitoring indicator, response logic, and warning parameters are set, and the system enters the standby state;

[0122] b. Layered feeding and compaction of coal gangue: The coal gangue is piled in layers to ensure structural stability. The system monitors the temperature, humidity, gas and other environmental parameters in real time during the pile changes;

[0123] c. Regular monitoring and collection of environmental data: The system automatically collects various monitoring data with a sampling period of 5 minutes;

[0124] d. Triggering graded warnings and responses based on single anomalies and R(t): Using single-item discrimination models such as ΔT, C(t), ΔH, W(t), and P(t) in conjunction with the comprehensive risk model R(t), the pile status is judged, the warning level is determined, and corresponding response measures are triggered. For example, when a yellow warning occurs, the sampling frequency is automatically increased, and the remote platform prompts manual attention; when an orange warning occurs, local sprinklers or ventilation devices are activated, and monitoring of key areas is intensified; when a red warning occurs, sprinklers, fans, and cushion rehydration repair devices are automatically linked, a remote alarm is issued, and a structural safety report is generated;

[0125] e. Determine whether to initiate cushion rehydration repair based on humidity-internal pressure coupling: If the difference between the local humidity and the surrounding humidity exceeds 15%, and P(t) decreases significantly, the system automatically activates the rehydration device to inject liquid, enhancing local expansion capacity and closing the defect. If local leakage occurs but no structural damage occurs, the bentonite cushion layer absorbs water molecules to achieve natural expansion and self-repair.

[0126] f. Record logs, generate reports, and perform remote maintenance scheduling: All abnormal events, early warning responses, and equipment actions are electronically logged and uploaded to the remote monitoring platform. The system automatically outputs operating data reports every 30 days for back-end analysis and operation and maintenance scheduling. If abnormal fluctuations in sensor data, frequent cushion rehydration, or persistent abnormal liquid levels are detected, the system will push operation and maintenance recommendations to achieve early intervention and precise operation and maintenance.

[0127] The green storage method for coal gangue standardizes the deployment and initialization of equipment, laying the foundation for the stable operation of the system; during storage, the material is added in layers, compacted and monitored in real time to ensure safety and stability; data collection is frequent and timely, providing comprehensive information; risk warnings combine single and comprehensive judgments for accurate and flexible responses; anti-seepage repairs are intelligently started based on humidity-internal pressure coupling to ensure reliability; operation and maintenance management achieves early intervention and precise operation and maintenance through log reports and remote scheduling, improving system performance and management level throughout the entire process.

[0128] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular green storage system for coal gangue, characterized in that: include: The composite anti-seepage module includes a coarse sand and gravel composite layer, an isolation layer, an anti-seepage composite layer, and a support layer distributed from top to bottom; the coarse sand and gravel layer includes a graded gravel layer and a coarse sand layer distributed from top to bottom; the isolation layer includes a geotextile layer; the anti-seepage layer includes a bentonite cushion layer and an HDPE film layer distributed from top to bottom; the support layer includes a foundation layer; The modular channel well comprises an upper channel well, a lower channel well and a height adjustment module, wherein the height adjustment module is configured to move the upper channel well along the direction of the lower channel well and fix the upper channel well at a specified height; a spraying module is installed on the upper channel well; and a first monitoring module, a ventilation and drainage module and a filtration module are installed in the lower channel well from top to bottom; The second monitoring module includes an anti-seepage monitoring unit and a percolation tank monitoring unit; the anti-seepage monitoring unit uses a humidity sensor and an internal pressure sensor to monitor the humidity and internal pressure of the composite anti-seepage module; the percolation tank monitoring unit uses a liquid level sensor to monitor the liquid level of the leachate collection tank; Response linkage module, including sprinkler controller, fan ventilation device and injection pump and alarm monitoring equipment, the alarm monitoring equipment includes a remote alarm module for remote alarm; Remote monitoring and logging module, the remote monitoring and logging module is configured to receive various monitoring data, risk identification results and response actions, and generate event logs and system reports.

2. The modular green storage system for coal gangue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graded gravel layer has a thickness of 300 mm to 500 mm and a permeability coefficient greater than 1×10-3 cm / s; The coarse sand layer has a particle size of 2-5 mm and a thickness of 10-30 cm; The geotextile layer specification is greater than 200g / ㎡, and the seam width is less than or equal to 150mm; The bentonite cushion layer is 20-50mm thick and uses sodium-based bentonite. A humidity sensor is buried in the bentonite cushion layer to monitor the local humidity of the bentonite cushion layer. A self-repairing fluid replenishment device is laid inside the bentonite cushion layer. An internal pressure sensor is integrated in the self-repairing fluid replenishment device to monitor the internal pressure value of the bentonite cushion layer. An injection pump is connected to the self-repairing fluid replenishment device to replenish liquid into the repairing fluid replenishment device. HDPE film thickness 1.0-2.5mm; The compacted base layer is the compacted original soil; A siphon drainage pipe is arranged inside the coarse sand layer, the siphon drainage pipe is connected to the leachate collection pool outside the composite anti-seepage module, and the liquid level sensor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the leachate collection pool.

3. The modular green storage system for coal gangue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray module comprises an annular degradation liquid tank (1a) fixed in the upper channel well, wherein the annular degradation liquid tank (1a) stores degradation liquid (1b) therein, a flow guide (1c) in communication with the annular degradation liquid tank (1a) being fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular degradation liquid tank (1a), an end of the flow guide (1c) away from the annular degradation liquid tank (1a) being fixedly connected to a centrifugal atomizing nozzle (1d), the spray controller being connected to the centrifugal atomizing nozzle (1d) and being used for controlling the spraying of the centrifugal atomizing nozzle (1d), and the spray module comprising an exhaust fan (1e) provided at the bottom and fixedly connected to the upper channel well; The height adjustment module comprises a slide rail (2a) fixed to the outer side wall of the lower channel well, the upper channel well is configured to slide up and down along the slide rail (2a), and a plurality of multi-level positioning holes (2b) corresponding to the upper end of the lower channel well are formed at the bottom of the upper channel well; The first monitoring module uses a multi-parameter gas sensor (3a) and an infrared temperature sensor (3b) fixed to the side wall of the lower channel well, the gas sensor (3a) is used to detect the concentration of harmful gases in the environment, and the infrared temperature sensor (3b) is used to detect the ambient temperature; The ventilation and drainage filter module is arranged at the bottom of the lower channel well, the upper end of the ventilation and drainage filter module is located outside the gravel layer, a fan ventilation device fixed to the side wall of the lower channel well is arranged above the ventilation and drainage filter module, the fan ventilation device is used for forced ventilation, a ventilation mesh (4a) fixed to the inner wall of the lower channel well is arranged at the bottom of the fan ventilation device, the lower channel well is installed with a gas catalyst layer (4b) at the bottom of the ventilation mesh (4a), the gas catalyst layer (4b) is fixed to the inner wall of the lower channel well, the exhaust filter module includes a drainage channel (4c), and the top of the drainage channel (4c) is arranged in the coarse sand layer; The filter module comprises a filter assembly (4d) fixed in the lower channel well, the bottom of the drainage channel (4c) is connected to the filter assembly (4d), and one end of the filter assembly (4d) away from the drainage channel (4c) is connected to a siphon drain pipe.

4. The modular green storage system for coal gangue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the modular channel well is 500mm to 800mm, and the upper and lower ends of each module in the modular channel well are connected to a splicing pipe groove.

5. The modular green storage system for coal gangue according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each sensor included in the second monitoring module uploads data to the remote platform through the LoRa communication module.

6. The modular green storage system for coal gangue according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the humidity sensor and pressure sensor arranged inside the bentonite cushion layer detect that the difference between the local humidity and the surrounding humidity exceeds 15% and P(t) is less than 0.8P0, the liquid injection repair device is triggered to perform directional liquid replenishment.

7. A modular green storage system for coal gangue according to claims 1-6, characterized in that: The second monitoring module collects data such as temperature T(t), harmful gas concentration C(t), leachate level H(t), humidity W(t) and internal pressure P(t) in a 5-minute cycle, and has the following single warning conditions: T(t)>65℃ or ΔT>20℃; H2S ≥ 10ppm or CH4 ≥ 0.5% or CO ≥ 24ppm; The liquid level exceeds the set warning value; Humidity difference>15% and P(t)<0.8P0.

8. A modular green storage system for coal gangue according to claims 1-6, characterized in that: The system has a comprehensive risk assessment function: Wherein, T0=65℃; C0 is H2S concentration 6.6ppm; W0 is the humidity threshold; P0 is the design internal pressure value; α1 to α4 are weighting coefficients.

9. A modular green storage system for coal gangue according to claims 1-6, characterized in that: Based on the R(t) value and the independent channels of each physical quantity, the system divides the warning levels into the following levels and responds in a coordinated manner: R(t)<0.7: Green state, the system maintains the basic monitoring frequency, data is uploaded regularly, and the status is continuously recorded; 0.7≤R(t)<1.0: Yellow warning, the system automatically increases the sampling frequency, sends a prompt message to the remote platform, starts trend analysis, and reminds the on-duty personnel to pay attention to the on-site dynamics; R(t)≥1.0: Orange or red warning, the system activates the spraying, ventilation and fluid replenishment linkage mechanism.

10. A modular green storage method for coal gangue, applicable to the system according to claims 1-9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a. Structural deployment and equipment initialization: After the structural anti-seepage layer and modular channel well are installed in the storage area, five types of sensors are deployed in sequence: multi-parameter gas sensor (3a), infrared temperature sensor (3b), liquid level sensor, humidity and internal pressure sensor. Each sensor is connected to the data acquisition main control platform via the LoRa network to complete the communication network. The thresholds of each monitoring indicator, response logic and warning parameters are set, and the system enters the standby state; b. Layered feeding and compaction of coal gangue: The coal gangue is piled in layers to ensure structural stability. The system monitors the temperature, humidity, gas and other environmental parameters in real time during the pile changes; c. Regular monitoring and collection of environmental data: The system automatically collects various monitoring data with a sampling period of 5 minutes; d. Triggering graded warnings and responses based on single anomalies and R(t): Using single-item discrimination models such as ΔT, C(t), ΔH, W(t), and P(t) in conjunction with the comprehensive risk model R(t), the pile status is judged, the warning level is determined, and corresponding response measures are triggered. For example, when a yellow warning occurs, the sampling frequency is automatically increased, and the remote platform prompts manual attention; when an orange warning occurs, local sprinklers or ventilation devices are activated, and monitoring of key areas is intensified; when a red warning occurs, sprinklers, fans, and cushion rehydration repair devices are automatically linked, a remote alarm is issued, and a structural safety report is generated; e. Determine whether to initiate cushion rehydration repair based on humidity-internal pressure coupling: If the difference between the local humidity and the surrounding humidity exceeds 15%, and P(t) decreases significantly, the system automatically activates the rehydration device to inject liquid, enhancing local expansion capacity and closing the defect. If local leakage occurs but no structural damage occurs, the bentonite cushion layer absorbs water molecules to achieve natural expansion and self-repair. f. Record logs, generate reports, and perform remote maintenance scheduling: All abnormal events, early warning responses, and equipment actions are electronically logged and uploaded to the remote monitoring platform. The system automatically outputs operating data reports every 30 days for back-end analysis and operation and maintenance scheduling. If abnormal fluctuations in sensor data, frequent cushion rehydration, or persistent abnormal liquid levels are detected, the system will push operation and maintenance recommendations to achieve early intervention and precise operation and maintenance.

Images