A modular, multifunctional karst collapse physical simulation experimental platform

Abstract

The present invention provides a modular, multifunctional karst collapse physical simulation experimental platform, including a rigid frame, a bearing device, a mobile device, a loading device, a lifting device, a pile foundation construction dynamic load simulation device, a ground vehicle dynamic load simulation device, a rainfall simulation device, a computer vision monitoring device, a groundwater pumping simulation device, and an underground space excavation disturbance simulation device. The mobile device is arranged on the bearing device, the lifting device, the loading device, and the pile foundation construction dynamic load simulation device are arranged on the mobile device, the vehicle dynamic load simulation device is connected to the traction device of the mobile vehicle, and the camera monitoring device and the rainfall simulation device are arranged on the rigid frame through a bracket. The present invention fully considers the key disaster-causing conditions in the urban environment, covers a wide range of working scenarios, and has strong applicability; the overall modular design is adopted, and each module can be flexibly loaded according to demand, which can more realistically simulate the real environment and reproduce the catastrophic evolution process of ground collapse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of urban karst collapse, in particular to a modular and multifunctional karst collapse physical simulation experimental platform. Background Art

[0002] Karst collapse, especially deep urban karst collapse under the dual pressures of human engineering activities and natural conditions, is influenced by numerous factors and has extremely complex mechanisms. Therefore, to address the complex engineering geological hazards of deep urban karst collapse, which are induced by both human engineering activities and natural conditions, it is necessary to develop an advanced physical science test platform that can truly reflect the geological structures, geological environments, and various complex working conditions that cause karst collapse. This platform is a powerful tool for studying the process of karst collapse, its disaster patterns and mechanisms, and for verifying the effectiveness of various detection, monitoring, and control technologies or measures. Currently, karst collapse model test systems abroad have limited functions and monitoring methods, and their development has been relatively slow. In my country, the development of karst collapse model systems has been an exploratory process. Karst collapse model tests currently focus on studying the state changes of overburden structures and primarily on the causes of hydrodynamic hazards. These tests are limited in functionality, have backward measurement and control technologies, and the simulation of some collapse triggers differs significantly from actual results. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a modular and multifunctional karst collapse physical simulation experimental platform, which combines and loads key inducements for karst collapse under different conditions to truly reproduce the entire process of karst collapse disaster.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A modular, multifunctional karst collapse physical simulation experimental platform, including:

[0006] A rigid frame to provide support for the experimental space and integrate the observation structure;

[0007] Moving device, used for carrying and horizontally moving each functional module;

[0008] A carrying device for supporting the mobile device;

[0009] A loading device for applying a vertical static load to the rock and soil mass;

[0010] Hoisting winch, used for hoisting and positioning of filling materials;

[0011] Pile foundation construction dynamic load simulation device, used to simulate the impact load of pile foundation construction;

[0012] Ground vehicle dynamic load simulation device, used to simulate vehicle vibration load;

[0013] Rainfall simulation device, used to simulate rainfall conditions of different intensities;

[0014] Computer vision monitoring device, used to capture the collapse evolution process from multiple angles;

[0015] Groundwater pumping and drainage simulation device, used to control groundwater level changes and pumping and drainage conditions;

[0016] The underground space excavation disturbance simulation device is used to simulate the stress state changes of the local geological body caused by the formation of the air interface during underground engineering excavation.

[0017] Preferably, the rigid frame is provided with a visual window, an excavation simulation hole, a water supply valve, a water permeable box and a simulated pumping and drainage well; the interior of the rigid frame is filled with a simulated medium; the excavation simulation hole is provided on the front of the rigid frame; a cover is installed on the excavation simulation hole; a visual window is provided on the rigid frame; a plurality of water permeable boxes are provided, respectively provided on the left and right sides of the rigid frame; a plurality of water supply valves are provided, respectively installed below the excavation simulation hole of the rigid frame and at the bottom of the left and right sides of the rigid frame; the water supply valves on the left and right sides of the rigid frame are respectively connected to the corresponding water permeable boxes on the left and right sides of the rigid frame; a steel structure closed door is provided at the bottom of the rigid frame;

[0018] Reinforcement ribs are welded on the rigid frame; the viewing window is embedded in the intervals between the reinforcement ribs of the rigid frame; the excavation simulation hole is sealed with a cover when no excavation simulation is performed; the water permeable box on the right side is arranged symmetrically with the water permeable box on the left side.

[0019] Preferably, the bearing device includes two cross beams, which are symmetrically arranged on the front and back of the rigid frame; the right end of the cross beam is fixed on the rigid frame, and the left end extends out of the left side of the rigid frame; the support column is vertically fixed to the lower part of the left end of the cross beam; a guide rail is laid on the cross beam, and the guide rail extends to the rigid frame; reaction columns are symmetrically and evenly fixed on the front and back of the rigid frame; and slots are provided on the reaction columns.

[0020] Preferably, the moving device includes a load-bearing plate and a moving pulley installed at the bottom of the load-bearing plate; the moving pulley is rotatably installed on the guide rail; a tension beam and a tension column are fixedly provided on the upper part of the crossbeam, and the two ends of the tension beam are respectively fixed on the two crossbeams; a left-end winch and a right-end winch are respectively provided at the left and right ends of the load-bearing plate, the steel cable hook of the left-end winch is connected to the tension beam, and the steel cable hook of the right-end winch is connected to the tension column; the hoisting winch is installed on the left side of the load-bearing plate, and is installed with an upper and lower offset from the left-end winch, and the hoisting winch is located above the left-end winch.

[0021] Preferably, the loading device includes a hydraulic station and multiple multi-stage loading cylinders; the loading cylinders are installed on the supporting plate; a loading pad corresponding to the loading cylinder is provided below the supporting plate; the piston rod of the loading cylinder is connected to the corresponding loading pad; the loading cylinder is equipped with a displacement sensor.

[0022] Preferably, the dynamic load simulation device for pile foundation construction includes a customized weight; a pulley is installed on the right side of the bearing plate; the customized weight is suspended and released through the pulley by the steel cable of the right end winch; a concrete pile is pre-embedded in the rigid frame directly below the customized weight; and the customized weight moves synchronously with the moving device.

[0023] Preferably, the ground vehicle dynamic load simulation device includes a vibration exciter and a walking skid; the vibration exciter is installed on the walking skid; a drag buckle is provided on the walking skid, and the drag buckle is hooked with the steel cable of the right end winch; the walking skid is driven by the right end winch through the steel cable via the pulley to achieve left and right reciprocating movement.

[0024] Preferably, the rainfall simulation device includes an electric air pump, a high-pressure water storage tank and a spray pipe; the spray pipe is installed on the reaction column through the slot of the reaction column; the electric air pump is used to pressurize the high-pressure water storage tank, the high-pressure water storage tank is connected to the spray pipe, and a spray head is provided under the spray pipe.

[0025] Preferably, the computer vision monitoring device includes two front cameras and two top cameras; a camera bracket and a mounting pillar are installed on the rigid frame; the mounting pillar is fixed next to the reaction column on the back of the rigid frame; a customized base is fixed on the mounting pillar; the front camera is installed on the camera bracket; and the top camera is installed on the customized base.

[0026] Preferably, the groundwater pumping and drainage simulation device includes an air pump and a water storage tank; the air pump is used to pressurize the water storage tank; the water storage tank is divided into two half-sections with independently controllable water pressure, one half-section is connected to the permeable tank through a water supply pipe, and the other half-section is connected to the simulated pumping and drainage well through a water supply pipe; the water supply valve on the front of the rigid frame is connected through the water pipe and is pre-buried in the rock and soil when simulating pumping or drainage conditions, and the water levels in the permeable tank and the simulated pumping and drainage well are controlled by the two half-sections of the water storage tank;

[0027] The underground space excavation disturbance simulation device includes a telescopic steel pipe, a screw and a handwheel; the telescopic steel pipe is placed in the rigid frame; the axis of the telescopic steel pipe coincides with the axis of the excavation simulation hole; the screw is set through the excavation simulation hole; a circular groove is provided on the end of the telescopic steel pipe facing the excavation simulation hole; the end of the screw without threads is fixed in the circular groove; a screw bracket is provided on the cover; the end of the screw with threads passes through the screw bracket and is threadedly connected to the screw bracket; the handwheel is placed on the outside of the cover and fixedly connected to the screw; the handwheel is rotated to drive the telescopic steel pipe to move along the axis direction of the screw in the rigid frame, and retract to form an air surface; after the telescopic steel pipe is retracted, an air surface is formed in the rock and soil, so that the internal stress state changes, thereby realizing excavation simulation.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. This design transcends the limitations of traditional karst collapse model testing, which primarily relies on a single hydrodynamic condition. The platform can flexibly combine and load a variety of key disaster-causing factors in urban environments, such as unevenly distributed ground static loads, dynamic loads from pile foundation construction, dynamic loads from vehicle traffic vibration, rainfall of varying intensities, changes in groundwater levels due to pumping and drainage, and disturbances from underground excavation. This multi-factor coupled loading capability more realistically simulates the conditions that predispose to karst collapse in complex urban environments, recreating the entire process of disaster evolution and revealing the disaster-causing mechanisms underlying the combined effects of multiple factors.

[0030] 2. Targeted optimizations have been made to the simulation mechanism to address the characteristics of urban karst collapse: Ground static load simulation uses a non-uniform loading pattern, rather than a simple uniform loading pattern, to better reflect the actual distribution of urban building loads; and groundwater pumping simulation creates a funnel-shaped water level drop, rather than a uniform drop, which better reflects the actual changes in groundwater flow caused by pumping. These design features ensure that the simulation results are more similar and credible to actual urban karst collapse phenomena.

[0031] 3. The platform adopts a modular design concept. Each functional module can be flexibly loaded, combined, or removed according to different experimental objectives, geological conditions, or working scenarios. This greatly improves the platform's utilization efficiency and experimental flexibility. It eliminates the need to rebuild the entire system for each new working condition, significantly reduces research costs and time, and greatly enhances applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a positional relationship diagram of the functional modules in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the dynamic load simulation device for pile foundation construction at point A in the middle;

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the ground vehicle dynamic load simulation device at point B in the middle;

[0036] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the groundwater pumping simulation device in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the underground space excavation disturbance simulation device in the present invention.

[0038] in:

[0039] 1. Rigid frame; 101. Viewing window; 102. Excavation simulation hole; 103. Cover; 104. Water supply valve; 105. Water permeable box; 106. Closed door;

[0040] 2. Load-bearing device; 201. Beam; 202. Support column; 203. Guide rail; 204. Reaction column;

[0041] 3. Moving device; 301. Loading plate; 302. Moving pulley; 303. Left end winch; 304. Tension beam; 305. Right end winch; 306. Tension column;

[0042] 4. Loading device; 401. Hydraulic station; 402. Loading cylinder; 403. Loading pad;

[0043] 5. Hoisting winch;

[0044] 6. Pile foundation construction dynamic load simulation device; 601. Customized heavy hammer; 602. Pulley; 603. Concrete pile;

[0045] 7. Ground driving dynamic load simulation device; 701. Vibrator; 702. Travel skid; 703. Drag buckle;

[0046] 8. Rainfall simulation device; 801. Electric air pump; 802. High-pressure water storage tank; 803. Sprinkler pipe; 804. Socket; 805. Sprinkler head;

[0047] 9. Computer vision monitoring device; 902. Top camera; 904. Customized base; 905. Mounting support;

[0048] 10. Groundwater pumping simulation device; 1001. Air pump; 1002. Water storage tank; 1003. Water supply pipe;

[0049] 11. Underground space excavation disturbance simulation device; 1101. Telescopic steel pipe; 1102. Circular groove; 1103. Screw; 1104. Screw bracket; 1105. Handwheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention clearer, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention. Without violating the connotation of the present invention, those skilled in the art can implement it in other ways different from the description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation disclosed below.

[0052] The terms "front," "back," "top," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation manner.

[0053] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, a modular, multifunctional karst collapse physical simulation experimental platform is a modular test platform, and the working module can be selected according to the needs of the simulation conditions. In this embodiment, the evolution process of karst collapse under the conditions of groundwater extraction and rainfall is mainly simulated;

[0054] include:

[0055] Rigid frame 1, used to provide experimental space support and integrate observation structure;

[0056] Moving device 3, used for carrying and horizontally moving each functional module;

[0057] A carrying device 2, used to support a moving device 3;

[0058] The loading device 4 is used to apply a vertical static load to the rock and soil mass;

[0059] Hoisting winch 5, used for hoisting and positioning of filling materials;

[0060] Pile foundation construction dynamic load simulation device 6, used to simulate the impact load of pile foundation construction;

[0061] Ground vehicle dynamic load simulation device 7, used to simulate vehicle traffic vibration load;

[0062] A rainfall simulation device 8, for simulating rainfall conditions of different intensities;

[0063] Computer vision monitoring device 9, used to capture the collapse evolution process from multiple angles;

[0064] A groundwater pumping and drainage simulation device 10 is used to control groundwater level changes and pumping and drainage conditions;

[0065] The underground space excavation disturbance simulation device 11 is used to simulate the stress state changes of the local geological body caused by the formation of the air interface during underground engineering excavation.

[0066] In this embodiment, a large-area viewing window 101, an excavation simulation hole 102, a water supply valve 104, a water permeability box 105 and a simulated drainage well are provided on the rigid frame 1; a reinforcing rib is welded in the middle part of the rigid frame 1, and the viewing window 101 is embedded in the interval of the reinforcing rib of the rigid frame 1; the interior of the rigid frame 1 is filled with a simulation medium; the excavation simulation hole 102 is provided in the middle and lower part of the front of the rigid frame 1, and the excavation simulation hole is sealed with a cover 103 when no excavation simulation is performed; the excavation simulation hole 102 is installed with a cover 103; the viewing window 101 is provided on the rigid frame 1 is on the front and left side of the rigid frame 1; there are multiple water permeable boxes 105, which are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the rigid frame 1; there are multiple water supply valves 104, which are respectively installed directly below the excavation simulation hole 102 of the rigid frame 1, at the bottom of the left side and the bottom of the right side of the rigid frame 1, and the two water supply valves 104 on the left and right sides of the rigid frame 1 are connected to the two water permeable boxes 105 respectively; a steel structure closed door 106 is set at the bottom of the left side of the rigid frame 1; after the test, the waste soil is loaded into the waste soil bin outside the experimental platform through the opened steel structure closed door 106, which is convenient for clearing out the waste soil.

[0067] In this embodiment, the bearing device 2 includes a beam 201, which is symmetrically arranged on the front / back side of the rigid frame 1; the right end of the beam 201 is fixed on the rigid frame 1, and the left end extends out of the left side of the rigid frame 1; the support column 202 is fixed to the lower left end of the beam 201; a guide rail 203 is laid on the beam 201, and the guide rail 203 extends to the upper end of the rigid frame 1; reaction columns 204 are evenly distributed on the front / back side of the rigid frame 1; and slots 804 are provided on the reaction columns 204.

[0068] In this embodiment, the moving device 3 includes a supporting plate 301 and a moving pulley 302 installed at the bottom of the supporting plate 301; the moving pulley 302 is rotatably installed on the guide rail 203; a tension beam 304 is provided on the upper left end of the beam 201, and the two ends of the tension beam 304 are respectively fixed on the two beams 201; a tension column 306 is fixed on the right side of the rigid frame 1; a left end winch 303 and a right end winch 305 are respectively provided at the left and right ends of the supporting plate 301, and the steel cable hook of the left end winch 303 is connected to the tension beam 304, and the steel cable hook of the right end winch 305 is connected to the tension column 306; the hoisting winch 5 is installed on the left side of the supporting plate 301, and is installed with an upper and lower offset from the left end winch 303, and the hoisting winch 5 is located above the left end winch 303.

[0069] In this embodiment, the loading device 4 includes a hydraulic station 401 and a multi-stage loading cylinder 402; the loading cylinder 402 is installed on the supporting plate 301; a loading pad 403 corresponding to the loading cylinder 402 is provided below the supporting plate 301; the piston rod of the loading cylinder 402 is connected to the corresponding loading pad 403; the loading cylinder 402 is equipped with a displacement sensor; and a safety distance is reserved between the loading pads 403.

[0070] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown, the pile foundation construction dynamic load simulation device 6 includes a custom weight 601; a pulley 602 is mounted on the right side of the load-bearing plate 301; the custom weight 601 is released via the right-end winch 305 and pulley 602; a concrete pile 603 is embedded in the rigid frame 1 directly below the custom weight 601; and the custom weight 601 moves synchronously with the moving device 3. The custom weight 601 applies a piling load to the concrete pile 603 by dropping a heavy object, simulating the impact of the dynamic load of pile foundation construction on karst collapse.

[0071] like Figure 2 、 Figure 4 As shown, the ground vehicle dynamic load simulation device 7 includes a vibrator 701 and a traveling skid 702. The vibrator 701 is mounted on the traveling skid 702. The traveling skid 702 is provided with a towing buckle 703, which is interlocked with the hook of the steel cable of the right-end hoist 305. The traveling skid 702 is driven by the right-end hoist 305 via the steel cable through the pulley 602, achieving left and right reciprocating movement. The vibrator is used to reciprocate along a predetermined trajectory on the model surface to simulate the impact of ground vehicle dynamic load on karst collapse.

[0072] In this embodiment, the rainfall simulation device 8 includes an electric air pump 801, a high-pressure water tank 802 and a spray pipe 803; the spray pipe 803 is installed on the reaction column 204 through the slot 804 of the reaction column 204; the electric air pump 801 is used to pressurize the high-pressure water tank 802, and the high-pressure water tank 802 is connected to the spray pipe 803, and a spray head 805 is provided under the spray pipe 803; the spray head 805 is provided with two diameter specifications, and an automatic control valve is used for automatic switching control; the large-size spray head 805 is used to simulate the working conditions of rainfall intensity greater than 40mm / h and less than 200mm / h, and the small-size spray head 805 is used to simulate the working conditions of rainfall intensity of 20-40mm / h.

[0073] In this embodiment, the computer vision monitoring device 9 includes a front camera and a top camera 902; a camera bracket and a mounting pillar 905 are installed on the rigid frame 1; the mounting pillar 905 is fixed next to the reaction column 204 on the back of the rigid frame 1; a customized base 904 is fixed on the mounting pillar 905; the front camera is installed on the camera bracket; the top camera 902 is installed on the customized base 904; the front camera is arranged in the front direction of the rigid frame 1, and the top camera 902 is arranged on the top surface of the rigid frame 1.

[0074] like Figure 1 、 Figure 5 As shown, the groundwater pumping and drainage simulation device 10 includes an air pump 1001 and a water tank 1002; the air pump 1001 is used to pressurize the water tank 1002; the water tank 1002 is divided into two half-areas that can independently control the water pressure, one of which is connected to the permeable tank 105 through a water supply pipe 1003, and the other half is connected to the simulated pumping and drainage well through a water supply pipe 1003; the simulated pumping and drainage well is connected to the water supply valve 104 on the front of the rigid frame 1 through a water pipe, and is pre-buried in the rock and soil when simulating pumping or drainage conditions. The water levels in the permeable tank 105 and the simulated pumping and drainage well are controlled by the two half-areas of the water tank 1002 respectively; large-scale extraction of groundwater in urban activities, discharge of domestic wastewater into the ground, and discharge of rainfall into the ground may all induce karst collapse. The groundwater pumping and drainage simulation device 10 is used to simulate the impact of groundwater pumping and drainage models on karst collapse.

[0075] like Figure 1 、 Figure 6 As shown, the underground space excavation disturbance simulation device 11 includes a telescopic steel pipe 1101, a screw 1103 and a hand wheel 1105; the telescopic steel pipe 1101 is pre-buried in the filling medium; the screw 1103 passes through the excavation simulation hole 102; a circular groove 1102 is provided on the end of the telescopic steel pipe 1101 facing the excavation simulation hole 102; the unthreaded end of the screw 1103 is fixed in the circular groove 1102; a screw bracket 1104 is provided on the cover 103; a threaded end of the screw 1103 is fixed in the circular groove 1102 The end passes through the screw bracket 1104 and is threadedly connected to the screw bracket 1104; the handwheel 1105 is placed on the outside of the cover 103 and is fixedly connected to the screw 1103; the handwheel 1105 is rotated to drive the telescopic steel pipe 1101 to move along the axial direction of the screw 1103 in the rigid frame 1, and retract to form an air-facing surface; after the telescopic steel pipe 1101 is retracted, an air-facing surface is formed in the rock and soil body, which changes the internal stress state, thereby realizing excavation simulation to simulate the impact of underground space excavation disturbance on karst collapse.

[0076] The simulation experiment was conducted using a modular, multifunctional karst collapse physical simulation experimental platform, which includes the following steps:

[0077] S1. Prepare limestone-like materials. The prepared limestone-like materials have the characteristics of stable performance, no disintegration when exposed to water, and macro-controllable permeability coefficient.

[0078] S2, start the hoisting winch 5, spread the evenly mixed limestone-like material in layers into the rigid frame 1, and compact it layer by layer by manual hammering. In order to reduce the influence of artificial structural surfaces between layers, the compacted contact surface is roughened after each hammering.

[0079] S3: When the filling height reaches the preset cavity position, a groove is created in the compacted ground to bury the monitoring element. To ensure the compaction of the sensor with the surrounding material, the data connection cables are arranged in a straight line and then led out through a reserved opening. To ensure smooth hydraulic loading later, the data cables and the reserved opening are sealed. A spherical ball is fixed at the center of the plane, and a water pipe is buried directly below it. The water pipe is connected to the ball valve (water supply valve 104) on the front of rigid frame 1. A filter is installed at the water pipe outlet.

[0080] S4. When the filling height reaches the point where the sacculus is buried, a steel pipe is fixed directly above the sacculus, and then the evenly mixed limestone-like material is continued to be filled in layers until the designed thickness of the limestone layer is reached.

[0081] S5. When the filling height reaches the designed thickness of the limestone layer, use a high-temperature flame gun to heat one end of the steel pipe, and then quickly insert it into the steel pipe buried in the filling. After repeating this process several times, use an extraction device to extract the residual silica gel when the silica gel has not completely cooled, and then remove the steel pipe from the filling.

[0082] S6, start filling the cover material layer by layer until the design elevation is reached.

[0083] S7, install visual monitoring devices at specified positions on the front and top surfaces of the rigid frame 1, and at the same time start the water pressure and air pressure monitoring sensors set in the filling body to start data monitoring.

[0084] S8, start the air pump 1001 to raise the water head level in the two half areas of the water tank 1002 to the simulated design elevation of the groundwater level, open the water supply valves 104 on the side and front of the rigid frame 1, and observe the water pressure changes in the fill through the pre-buried water pressure sensor. After the water level in the fill reaches the design elevation and a stable groundwater field is formed, the water head level in the two half areas of the water tank 1002 is lowered to the specified elevation, and drainage begins.

[0085] S9, after the water level in the filling body is stable, the rainfall simulation device 8 is started until the water level in the model body rises to the simulated design elevation of the groundwater level, and the rainfall is stopped.

[0086] S10, after the water level in the model body drops to the specified elevation again, repeat step S9 until the ground collapses, turn off the device, end the test, and organize and analyze the collected test data.

[0087] Through the above steps, we can simulate the entire catastrophic process of ground collapse induced by deep karst under heavy rainfall conditions in karst-developed areas, analyze its evolution law and triggering mechanism, and provide a basis for the monitoring, early warning and prevention of karst collapse in high-risk cities.

[0088] According to the test requirements, multiple devices can be loaded at the same time to simulate and reproduce the entire process of karst collapse in a more complex urban environment.

[0089] The above is only one embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent variation made to the above embodiment based on the essence of the invention technology shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular, multifunctional karst collapse physical simulation experimental platform, characterized by: include: Rigid frame (1), used to provide experimental space support and integrate observation structure; The moving device (3) is used to carry and horizontally move each functional module; the moving device (3) includes a carrying plate (301) and a moving pulley (302) installed at the bottom of the carrying plate (301); the moving pulley (302) is rotatably installed on the guide rail (203); a tension beam (304) and a tension column (306) are fixedly provided on the upper part of the crossbeam (201), and the two ends of the tension beam (304) are respectively fixed on the two crossbeams (201); the carrying plate A left end hoist (303) and a right end hoist (305) are respectively provided at the left and right ends of (301), the steel cable hook of the left end hoist (303) is connected to the tension beam (304), and the steel cable hook of the right end hoist (305) is connected to the tension column (306); the hoisting hoist (5) is installed on the left side of the bearing plate (301), and is installed in an upper and lower staggered manner with the left end hoist (303), and the hoisting hoist (5) is located above the left end hoist (303); A carrying device (2) for supporting the moving device (3); A loading device (4) is used to apply a vertical static load to a rock mass; the loading device (4) comprises a hydraulic station (401) and a plurality of multi-stage loading cylinders (402); the loading cylinders (402) are mounted on a bearing plate (301); a loading pad (403) corresponding to the loading cylinders (402) is provided below the bearing plate (301); a piston rod of the loading cylinder (402) is connected to the corresponding loading pad (403); the loading cylinders (402) are equipped with displacement sensors; A hoisting winch (5) is used for hoisting and positioning filling materials; The pile foundation construction dynamic load simulation device (6) is used to simulate the impact load of pile foundation construction; the pile foundation construction dynamic load simulation device (6) includes a customized weight (601); a pulley (602) is installed on the right side of the bearing plate (301); the customized weight (601) is suspended and released through the pulley (602) via the steel cable of the right end winch (305); a concrete pile (603) is pre-buried in the rigid frame (1) directly below the customized weight (601); the customized weight (601) moves synchronously with the moving device (3); A ground vehicle dynamic load simulation device (7) is used to simulate the vibration load of a vehicle passing through; the ground vehicle dynamic load simulation device (7) includes a vibration exciter (701) and a walking skid (702); the vibration exciter (701) is installed on the walking skid (702); a drag buckle (703) is provided on the walking skid (702), and the drag buckle (703) is hooked with the steel cable of the right end hoist (305); the walking skid (702) is driven by the right end hoist (305) through the steel cable via the pulley (602) to achieve left and right reciprocating movement; A rainfall simulation device (8) for simulating rainfall conditions of different intensities; Computer vision monitoring device (9) for capturing the collapse evolution process from multiple angles; A groundwater pumping and drainage simulation device (10) is used to control groundwater level changes and pumping and drainage working conditions; the groundwater pumping and drainage simulation device (10) includes an air pump (1001) and a water storage tank (1002); the air pump (1001) is used to pressurize the water storage tank (1002); the water storage tank (1002) is divided into two half-zones capable of independently controlling water pressure, one of which is connected to a permeable tank (105) through a water supply pipe (1003), and the other half is connected to a simulated pumping and drainage well through a water supply pipe (1003); a water supply valve (104) on the front of a rigid frame (1) is connected through the water pipe and pre-buried in the rock and soil when simulating pumping or drainage working conditions, and the water levels in the permeable tank (105) and the simulated pumping and drainage well are controlled by the two half-zones of the water storage tank (1002); The underground space excavation disturbance simulation device (11) is used to simulate the change of stress state of local geological body caused by the formation of air interface due to underground engineering excavation.

2. A modular, multifunctional karst collapse physical simulation experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rigid frame (1) is provided with a visual window (101), an excavation simulation hole (102), a water supply valve (104), a water permeable box (105) and a simulated pumping and drainage well; the interior of the rigid frame (1) is filled with a simulated medium; the excavation simulation hole (102) is provided on the front of the rigid frame (1); a cover (103) is installed on the excavation simulation hole (102); the visual window (101) is provided on the rigid frame (1); a plurality of water permeable boxes (105) are provided, which are respectively provided on the left side and right side of the rigid frame (1); a plurality of water supply valves (104) are provided, which are respectively installed below the excavation simulation hole (102) of the rigid frame (1), at the bottom of the left side and at the bottom of the right side of the rigid frame (1), and the water supply valves (104) on the left side and right side of the rigid frame (1) are respectively connected to the water permeable boxes (105) corresponding to the left side and right side of the rigid frame (1); a steel structure closed door (106) is provided at the bottom of the rigid frame (1); Reinforcement ribs are welded on the rigid frame (1); the viewing window (101) is embedded in the interval between the reinforcement ribs of the rigid frame (1); the excavation simulation hole (102) is sealed with a cover (103) when no excavation simulation is performed; the permeable box (105) on the right side is symmetrically arranged with the permeable box (105) on the left side.

3. A modular, multifunctional karst collapse physical simulation experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing device (2) comprises two crossbeams (201), which are symmetrically arranged on the front and back sides of the rigid frame (1); the right end of the crossbeam (201) is fixed on the rigid frame (1), and the left end extends outside the left side of the rigid frame (1); the support column (202) is vertically fixed to the lower part of the left end of the crossbeam (201); a guide rail (203) is laid on the crossbeam (201), and the guide rail (203) extends to the rigid frame (1); reaction columns (204) are symmetrically and evenly fixed on the front and back sides of the rigid frame (1); and a slot (804) is provided on the reaction column (204).

4. A modular, multifunctional karst collapse physical simulation experimental platform as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The rainfall simulation device (8) includes an electric air pump (801), a high-pressure water storage tank (802) and a spray pipe (803); the spray pipe (803) is installed on the reaction column (204) through a slot (804) of the reaction column (204); the electric air pump (801) is used to pressurize the high-pressure water storage tank (802), and the high-pressure water storage tank (802) is connected to the spray pipe (803), and a spray head (805) is provided below the spray pipe (803).

5. A modular, multifunctional karst collapse physical simulation experimental platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: The computer vision monitoring device (9) includes two front cameras and two top cameras (902); a camera bracket and a mounting support (905) are mounted on the rigid frame (1); the mounting support (905) is fixed to the side of the reaction column (204) on the back of the rigid frame (1); a customized base (904) is fixed on the mounting support (905); the front cameras are mounted on the camera bracket; and the top cameras (902) are mounted on the customized base (904).

6. A modular, multifunctional karst collapse physical simulation experimental platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The underground space excavation disturbance simulation device (11) comprises a telescopic steel pipe (1101), a screw (1103) and a hand wheel (1105); the telescopic steel pipe (1101) is placed in the rigid frame (1); the axis of the telescopic steel pipe (1101) coincides with the axis of the excavation simulation hole (102); the screw (1103) is arranged to pass through the excavation simulation hole (102); a circular groove (1102) is provided on the end of the telescopic steel pipe (1101) facing the excavation simulation hole (102); the unthreaded end of the screw (1103) is fixed in the circular groove (1102); the sealing cover A screw support (1104) is provided on (103); a threaded end of the screw (1103) passes through the screw support (1104) and is threadedly connected to the screw support (1104); a hand wheel (1105) is placed outside the cover (103) and is fixedly connected to the screw (1103); rotating the hand wheel (1105) drives the telescopic steel pipe (1101) to move along the axis of the screw (1103) in the rigid frame (1), and retracts to form an air surface; after the telescopic steel pipe (1101) retracts, an air surface is formed in the rock and soil, so that the internal stress state changes, thereby realizing excavation simulation.

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