Space-wavelength combined optical switching device based on inverse design diffraction operator

Abstract

The invention relates to a space-wavelength combined optical switching device based on an inverse design diffraction operator, and the device comprises a multi-channel wavelength division module which is used for separating target multi-wavelength signal light inputted according to a preset time interval into a plurality of single-wavelength signal light through employing a non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure determined based on the inverse design diffraction operator, each single-wavelength signal light is input into the space division module; and the space division module is used for determining a target port corresponding to each single-wavelength signal light according to the control signal corresponding to the target multi-wavelength signal light, and controlling any single-wavelength signal light to be output from the target port corresponding to the single-wavelength signal light. According to the invention, the cascade structure of the multi-channel wavelength division module and the space division module can be utilized to realize the cooperative multiplexing of the wavelength dimension and the space dimension, thereby avoiding the crosstalk accumulation problem of a conventional hybrid architecture optical switching switch, improving the efficiency and the reliability of the space-wavelength combined optical switching device, and reducing the structural complexity and the manufacturing cost of the space-wavelength combined optical switching device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical fields of integrated photonics and optical computing, and in particular to a space-wavelength combined optical switching device based on an inversely designed diffraction operator. Background Art

[0002] Compared to traditional electrical switching technology, optical switching offers advantages such as high bandwidth, low loss, and parallelism, making it a core technology for developing next-generation networks. However, conventional optical switching switches typically fail to achieve coordinated multiplexing of wavelength and spatial dimensions, making them difficult to adapt to the multi-channel dynamic routing requirements of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. Furthermore, systems based on traditional optical switching switches suffer from poor long-term stability, low system integration, and difficulty in scalability, hindering the application and development of optical switching technology. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present disclosure proposes a technical solution for a space-wavelength combined optical switching device based on an inverse design diffraction operator.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a space-wavelength joint optical switching device based on an inverse-designed diffraction operator is provided, comprising: a multi-channel wavelength division module and a space division module; the multi-channel wavelength division module is configured to separate a target multi-wavelength signal light input according to a preset time interval into a plurality of single-wavelength signal lights by utilizing a non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure determined based on the inverse-designed diffraction operator, and to input each single-wavelength signal light into the space division module respectively; the space division module is configured to determine a target port corresponding to each single-wavelength signal light according to a control signal corresponding to the target multi-wavelength signal light, and to control any single-wavelength signal light to be output from the target port corresponding to the single-wavelength signal light.

[0005] In a possible implementation, the multi-channel wavelength division module includes: at least one input interface, a substrate having the non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure, and a plurality of output interfaces.

[0006] In a possible implementation, the non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure includes: a hole array structure and / or a ridge waveguide structure.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the geometric parameters corresponding to the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure are obtained by optimizing and solving using a preset algorithm based on a preset mapping relationship between any single-wavelength signal light and an output interface, and the inverse-designed diffraction operator.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the preset algorithm includes: a topology optimization algorithm or a deep learning algorithm.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the space division module includes: a field programmable gate array (FPGA) sub-module and a multi-port space division switching sub-module; the FPGA sub-module is used to determine a branch switching drive signal based on the control signal, wherein the switching period corresponding to the branch switching drive signal is equal to the preset time interval; the multi-port space division switching sub-module is used to periodically switch the optical path of the space division module according to the branch switching drive signal, and respectively control each single wavelength signal light to be output to its corresponding target port.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the multi-port space division switching submodule is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) array based on a Benes network, wherein the MZI array includes multiple 2×2 MZI units; any one of the 2×2 MZI units is used to adjust the phase difference according to the branch switching drive signal upon receiving the branch switching drive signal, thereby switching the optical path corresponding to the 2×2 MZI unit.

[0011] In a possible implementation, any one of the 2×2 MZI units is an MZI unit based on a thermo-optic effect or an MZI unit based on an electro-optic effect.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the space division module further includes: a wavelength-independent submodule, configured to reduce the insertion loss of the space division module within a preset wavelength band.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the wavelength-independent submodule includes: a plurality of broadband optical splitters and / or a plurality of low-dispersion phase shifters.

[0014] The space-wavelength combined optical exchange switch device based on the inverse design diffraction operator provided by the present disclosure can utilize the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure determined based on the inverse design diffraction operator of the multi-channel wavelength division module to separate the target multi-wavelength signal light input according to the preset time interval into multiple single-wavelength signal lights, and input each single-wavelength signal light into the space division module respectively, thereby realizing the wavelength division multiplexing function of the optical exchange switch, and completely avoiding the temperature drift problem of the traditional optical exchange switch based on the microring resonator, improving the environmental stability of the space-wavelength combined optical exchange switch device, and eliminating the need to set up an additional dynamic thermal tuning compensation module, thereby reducing the space-wavelength The structural complexity and manufacturing cost of the long-term combined optical switching device are reduced; the space-division module can determine the target port corresponding to each single-wavelength signal light according to the control signal corresponding to the target multi-wavelength signal light, and control any single-wavelength signal light to be output from the target port corresponding to the single-wavelength signal light, thereby utilizing the cascade structure of the multi-channel wavelength division module and the space-division module to fill the functional gap of the traditional optical switching switch based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in wavelength division multiplexing, realize the coordinated multiplexing of the wavelength dimension and the space dimension, and make the space-wavelength combined optical switching switch device have dual-degree-of-freedom routing functions in the wavelength dimension and the space dimension.

[0015] Further features and aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

[0017] Figure 1 A block diagram of a space-wavelength combined optical switching device based on an inversely designed diffraction operator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a space-wavelength combined optical switching device based on an inverse design diffraction operator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing test results of a multi-channel wavelength division module with a 1×2 interface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the principle of a multi-channel wavelength division module with a 2×2 interface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing test results of a multi-channel wavelength division module with a 2×2 interface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 6A schematic diagram showing the principle of inverse design of geometric parameters corresponding to a non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 7 A simulation schematic diagram of an optical path configuration of a space separation module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings represent elements with the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.

[0025] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "having," or variations thereof are open ended and include one or more stated features, integers, elements, steps, parts, or functions, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, elements, steps, parts, functions, or groups thereof.

[0026] When an element is referred to as being "connected," "coupled," "responsive" or variations thereof to another element, it can be directly connected, coupled or responsive to the other element or intervening elements may be present.

[0027] Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements / operations, these elements / operations should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element / operation from another element / operation. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the present invention, the first element / operation in some embodiments may be referred to as the second element / operation in other embodiments.

[0028] The word “exemplary” is used exclusively herein to mean “serving as an example, example, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

[0029] The term "and / or" herein simply describes an association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent the existence of three situations: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, the term "at least one" herein refers to any combination of at least two of any one or more of a plurality of items. For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" can represent any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C.

[0030] In addition, numerous specific details are provided in the following detailed description to better illustrate the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure can be practiced without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the main points of the present disclosure.

[0031] Existing technologies, limited by factors such as electron mobility (upper speed limit of approximately 10GHz) and energy efficiency bottlenecks (lower energy efficiency limit of approximately 10pJ / bit), have made it difficult for traditional electrical switching technologies to meet the data transmission rate, transmission delay, and energy consumption requirements of data centers, artificial intelligence training clusters, and 6G communications. For example, some application scenarios in these technical fields require data transmission rates greater than or equal to 10Gbps / wavelength and transmission delays less than or equal to 1ns. Therefore, optical switching technology, with its advantages of high bandwidth, low loss, and parallelism, is one of the core technologies for developing next-generation networks.

[0032] In the existing technology, research on optical switching technology mainly focuses on silicon-based photonic integrated chips, building reconfigurable optical switching networks through devices such as Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) and micro-ring resonators (MRRs), and combining them with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology to improve throughput.

[0033] MZI-based switch units feature symmetrical structure, easy scalability (e.g., cascading in a binary tree format), and low crosstalk (typically less than -20dB), making them widely used in optical switching networks. Specifically, a 2×2 MZI switch unit can manipulate the phase difference of the interferometer arms based on the thermo-optic effect (TO) or electro-optic effect (EO). For example, an MZI unit based on the thermo-optic effect can heat the silicon waveguide to change the refractive index of its internal medium, thereby adjusting the phase difference and switching between the two optical paths between the cross state (cross) and the straight-through state (bar). An MZI unit based on the electro-optic effect can utilize the carrier dispersion effect to adjust the phase difference and switch between the two optical paths between the cross state (cross) and the straight-through state (bar).

[0034] On this basis, existing technologies have proposed technologies such as a calibration-free 64×64 silicon-based MZI optical switch based on the Benes network topology, a 16×16 MZI electro-optical switch based on the 180nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, and a 4×4 MZI electro-optical switch based on the 90nm MOS process.

[0035] The calibration-free 64×64 silicon-based MZI optical switch based on the Benes topology, through multimode phase shifters and optimized waveguide design (2μm width, 50μm length), can solve the phase difference error accumulation problem caused by manufacturing deviations in traditional single-mode MZIs. It does not require thermal calibration and can achieve low-loss, low-crosstalk large-scale optical switching. Using a standard 180nm silicon photonics process, the calibration-free 64×64 silicon-based MZI optical switch based on the Benes topology has an area of ​​only 13.1×1.9mm. 2 In C-band (Conventional Band, 1530-1565nm) optical switching tests, the additional loss for all paths was 2.5-8.5dB, the average crosstalk was less than -21.5dB, and the crosstalk in the all-bar state was less than -30dB. Furthermore, the Benes topology can reduce the number of switching stages in the optical switch, enabling high scalability. The 16×16 MZI electro-optical switch, based on a 180nm COMS process, uses push-pull voltage drive to reduce crosstalk, achieving an extinction ratio of 17.9dB. Optimized waveguide layout and electrode configuration can be used to reduce thermal crosstalk during optical switching. The 4×4 MZI electro-optical switch, based on a 90nm MOS process, implements on-chip logic drive, resulting in an insertion loss of only 1-3dB, crosstalk less than -23dB, and support for nanosecond reconfiguration.

[0036] While these MZI-based optical switches offer wide bandwidth, they typically have a flat wavelength response and lack wavelength selectivity. This makes them unable to achieve coordinated multiplexing in both wavelength and spatial dimensions, making them difficult to adapt to the multi-channel dynamic routing requirements of wavelength division multiplexing systems. They also suffer from limited functionality and low spectrum resource utilization. Furthermore, technologies such as the 16×16 MZI electro-optical switch based on the 180nm CMOS process also suffer from complex drive circuits.

[0037] The MRR is an optical device based on wavelength-selective coupling that can utilize the resonant coupling effect between a microring waveguide and a straight waveguide to achieve dynamic routing of optical signals of specific wavelengths. When the wavelength of the input optical signal matches the resonant wavelength of the MRR, the optical energy can enter the microring through evanescent field coupling, forming a resonance within the ring and then output from the corresponding download port. When the wavelength of the input optical signal does not match the resonant wavelength of the MRR, it is directly transmitted through the straight waveguide. Therefore, the MRR can support wavelength division multiplexing and improve the capacity and throughput of the optical switching network. For example, within the C-band + L-band (Long Wavelength Band, 1565-1625nm), a single MRR can support the parallel switching of 80 wavelength channels.

[0038] On this basis, the existing technology proposes a multi-dimensional joint regulation of optical switching that combines the wavelength selectivity of MRR and the broadband stability of MZI units. For example, an optical switching switch based on an improved extended banyan architecture (also known as a multi-level interconnection network architecture, Banyan), a 240×240 port optical switch based on MEMS-MRR hybrid tuning, or a multi-mode optical switch matrix based on Benes topology.

[0039] Among them, optical switching switches based on an improved extended Banyan architecture can decouple input optical signals in the spatial and wavelength dimensions, achieving joint spatial-wavelength routing. For example, a 4×4×4λ optical switching switch supports 128 independent optical paths with four input ports, four output ports, and eight wavelength channels. Each wavelength channel can be independently controlled through thermal tuning of differential push-pull MRRs. A single MRR can achieve an extinction ratio greater than 25dB and a bandwidth greater than 60GHz. A 240×240-port optical switch based on MEMS-MRR hybrid tuning employs mechanically tunable MRRs to achieve dynamic matching of the resonant wavelength by electrostatically driving the displacement of microring waveguides. This achieves nanometer-level precision while avoiding the power consumption issues associated with thermal tuning. Furthermore, this optical switch supports full wavelength coverage in the C-band. The multimode optical switch matrix based on the Benes topology realizes a 4×4 multimode optical switching network by optimizing the multimode waveguide crossover and mode selector. It can support the parallel switching of the fundamental mode (LP01) and the second-order mode (LP11), and the extinction ratio exceeds 15dB in the wavelength range of 1530~1590nm.

[0040] Although these optical switching switches with MRR as the core component can regulate the input optical signal in the wavelength dimension, due to the influence of temperature drift effects, for example, the typical temperature drift coefficient of MRR is about 80pm / °C, the resonant wavelength corresponding to the MRR is easily affected by ambient temperature fluctuations. This relies on dynamic thermal tuning compensation, which increases the overall power consumption and control complexity of the optical switching switch, reduces the stability of the optical switching switch, and affects its performance in high-density integration scenarios.

[0041] In addition to the above problems, common optical switching architectures in the prior art, such as cross-switching architecture and Benes topology, often have problems such as exponential growth in the number of components and complexity of optical path intersections when multi-port and multi-wavelength expansion is required. For example, the number of optical path intersections of an N-port optical switching switch is O(N 2 ), resulting in a dramatic increase in the system area, insertion loss, and power consumption of optical switches. Furthermore, the cumulative effect of component manufacturing variations also limits the large-scale integrated design of optical switches. Consequently, conventional optical switches cannot meet the high-density, low-power optical interconnect requirements of data centers, photonic processors, and other applications.

[0042] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a space-wavelength combined optical exchange switch device based on the inverse design diffraction operator, which utilizes the cascade structure of multi-channel wavelength division modules and space division modules to make up for the functional gap of the traditional optical exchange switch based on MZI units in wavelength division multiplexing, and realize the collaborative multiplexing of wavelength dimension and space dimension, so that the space-wavelength combined optical exchange switch device has a dual-degree-of-freedom routing function in wavelength dimension and space dimension, which can avoid the crosstalk accumulation problem of the traditional hybrid architecture optical exchange switch and improve the efficiency and reliability of the space-wavelength combined optical exchange switch device. On the other hand, it can also avoid the temperature drift problem of the traditional MRR-based optical exchange switch and improve the environmental stability of the space-wavelength combined optical exchange switch device. There is no need to set up an additional dynamic thermal tuning compensation module, which can reduce the structural complexity and manufacturing cost of the space-wavelength combined optical exchange switch device. The space-wavelength combined optical exchange switch device disclosed in the present disclosure is introduced in detail below.

[0043] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a space-wavelength combined optical switching device based on an inverse design diffraction operator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the device 100 includes: a multi-channel wavelength division module 101 and a space division module 102;

[0044] The multi-channel wavelength division module 101 is used to separate the target multi-wavelength signal light input according to the preset time interval into multiple single-wavelength signal lights by using the non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure determined based on the inverse design diffraction operator, and input each single-wavelength signal light into the space division module 102 respectively;

[0045] The space division module 102 is configured to determine the target port corresponding to each single-wavelength signal light according to the control signal corresponding to the target multi-wavelength signal light, and control any single-wavelength signal light to be output from the target port corresponding to the single-wavelength signal light.

[0046] The target multi-wavelength signal light herein can represent at least one laser pulse comprising multiple different wavelength components, wherein any wavelength component can be separated into a single wavelength signal light. The specific form of the target multi-wavelength signal light can be referenced to embodiments in related art and is not specifically limited in this disclosure.

[0047] In one example, the target multi-wavelength signal light may be a first laser pulse including four wavelength components of wavelength λ1, wavelength λ2, wavelength λ3, and wavelength λ4, and a second laser pulse including only three wavelength components of wavelength λ1, wavelength λ2, and wavelength λ3.

[0048] Specifically, after receiving the target multi-wavelength signal light input according to the preset time interval, the multi-channel wavelength division module 101 can use the wavelength-specific non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure determined based on the inverse design diffraction operator to excite the target multi-wavelength signal light into a local resonant mode, thereby separating the different wavelength components in the target multi-wavelength signal light to obtain multiple single-wavelength signal lights, and directionally diffracting the different single-wavelength signal lights to different output interfaces, thereby achieving wavelength-selective branching without a resonant cavity. The inverse design diffraction operator can represent any diffraction structure that can excite the target multi-wavelength signal light into a local resonant mode. Its specific form can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements and is not specifically limited in this disclosure. The specific value of the preset time interval can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements and is not specifically limited in this disclosure. The specific method for achieving the target multi-wavelength signal light input according to the preset time interval can refer to the embodiments in the related art, for example, a waveform encoding method of signal loading or an all-optical delay line method can be used, and this disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0049] The specific form and structure of the multi-channel wavelength division module 101 can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements and should be provided with a non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure. This disclosure does not make specific limitations on this.

[0050] In a possible implementation, the multi-channel wavelength division module 101 includes: at least one input interface, a substrate having a non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure, and a plurality of output interfaces.

[0051] The input interface is used to receive target multi-wavelength signal light at preset time intervals and control the target multi-wavelength signal light to enter the substrate having the aperiodic subwavelength nanostructure. The specific number of input interfaces can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements and the specific form of the target multi-wavelength signal light, and this disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0052] In one example, when the target multi-wavelength signal light is a laser pulse including multiple wavelength components, the multi-channel wavelength division module 101 may have only one input interface, and the target multi-wavelength signal light may be directly input into the multi-channel wavelength division module 101 through the input interface.

[0053] In one example, when the target multi-wavelength signal light is a plurality of laser pulses including multiple wavelength components, the multi-channel wavelength division module 101 can be provided with multiple input interfaces, and the target multi-wavelength signal light is input into the multi-channel wavelength division module 101 through different input interfaces according to a preset time interval and a preset input order. The input order can be flexibly set according to actual use requirements and is not specifically limited in this disclosure.

[0054] Figure 2 FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a space-wavelength combined optical switching device based on an inverse design diffraction operator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 As shown, the device 200 includes a multi-channel wavelength division module 201 and a space division module 202; wherein, the multi-channel wavelength division module 201 includes four input interfaces, namely input interface 2011, input interface 2012, input interface 2013 and input interface 2014.

[0055] When the device 200 starts working, the target multi-wavelength signal light within the first preset time interval Δt1 can be input into the input interface 2011; the target multi-wavelength signal light within the second preset time interval Δt2 can be input into the input interface 2012; the target multi-wavelength signal light within the third preset time interval Δt3 can be input into the input interface 2013; and the target multi-wavelength signal light within the fourth preset time interval Δt4 can be input into the input interface 2014, and the input can be performed in this cyclic manner.

[0056] The specific material of the substrate having the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements, and the present disclosure does not make any specific restrictions on this.

[0057] In one example, the substrate having the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure can be a silicon substrate (220nm SOI) or a silicon nitride substrate (400nm LPCVD) etched with the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure using electron beam lithography (EBL) technology or deep ultraviolet lithography (DUV) technology.

[0058] It should be noted that when processing a substrate with a non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure, the roughness of the sidewall of the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure (for example, the inner wall of the hole or the sidewall of the ridge waveguide) should be less than 2nm to reduce the scattering loss of the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure.

[0059] The specific form of the non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations on this.

[0060] In a possible implementation, the non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure includes: a hole array structure and / or a ridge waveguide structure.

[0061] Based on a substrate with a non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure, the time-space-frequency coupling effect can be used to spatially separate the different wavelength components of the target multi-wavelength signal light input from any input interface to obtain multiple single-wavelength signal lights, and output any single-wavelength signal light to the output interface corresponding to the single-wavelength signal light, thereby avoiding crosstalk between different single-wavelength signal lights.

[0062] With the above Figure 2 For example, Figure 2 As shown, the multi-channel wavelength division module 201 includes four output interfaces, namely output interface 2015, output interface 2016, output interface 2017 and output interface 2018. For the target multi-wavelength signal light input by the input interface 2011 within the first preset time interval Δt1, the corresponding single-wavelength signal light with a wavelength of λ1 is output by the output interface 2015, the single-wavelength signal light with a wavelength of λ2 is output by the output interface 2016, the single-wavelength signal light with a wavelength of λ3 is output by the output interface 2017, and the single-wavelength signal light with a wavelength of λ4 is output by the output interface 2018, thereby achieving separation of the target multi-wavelength signal light in the spatial dimension.

[0063] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the test results of a multi-channel wavelength division module with a 1×2 interface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 As shown in (a) in FIG. 8 , the multi-channel wavelength division module 300 includes an input interface 301 and two output interfaces: an output interface 302 and an output interface 303 .

[0064] like Figure 3As shown in (b), when the signal light with a wavelength of 1.54 μm is input from the input interface 301, only the output interface 302 has the corresponding light intensity detection result, indicating that the signal light with a wavelength of 1.54 μm is only output from the output interface 302; Figure 3 As shown in (c) in FIG. 3 , when the signal light with a wavelength of 1.56 μm is input from the input interface 301 , only the output interface 303 has the corresponding detection result, indicating that the signal light with a wavelength of 1.56 μm is output only from the output interface 303 .

[0065] like Figure 3 As shown in (d) in the figure, this image is the electric field curve corresponding to the multi-channel wavelength division module 300, where the ordinate represents the electric field intensity, and the abscissa represents the position coordinates of the output end of the multi-channel wavelength division module 300. The light-colored curve represents the electric field intensity corresponding to each position at the output end of the multi-channel wavelength division module 300 when signal light with a wavelength of 1.54 μm is input through the input interface 301, and the dark-colored curve represents the electric field intensity corresponding to each position at the output end of the multi-channel wavelength division module 300 when signal light with a wavelength of 1.56 μm is input through the input interface 301. As can be seen from the light-colored curve, when signal light with a wavelength of 1.54 μm is input through the input interface 301, the position corresponding to the output interface 302 has a larger electric field intensity, while the position corresponding to the output interface 303 has a smaller electric field intensity. When signal light with a wavelength of 1.56 μm is input through the input interface 301, the electric field intensity corresponding to the position corresponding to the output interface 302 is smaller, while the position corresponding to the output interface 303 has a larger electric field intensity.

[0066] On the other hand, when the target multi-wavelength signal light is inputted from different input interfaces respectively, the corresponding single-wavelength signal light of the same wavelength can be outputted from the output interface corresponding to the single-wavelength signal light.

[0067] Figure 4 FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a multi-channel wavelength division module with a 2×2 interface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 As shown, multi-channel wavelength division multiplexing module 400 includes two input interfaces: input interface 401 and input interface 402, and two output interfaces: output interface 403 and output interface 404. For single-wavelength signal light with a wavelength of λ1, regardless of whether the single-wavelength signal light is input from input interface 401 or input interface 402, it is output from output interface 403. Similarly, for single-wavelength signal light with a wavelength of λ2, regardless of whether the single-wavelength signal light is input from input interface 401 or input interface 402, it is output from output interface 404.

[0068] Figure 5 The test results of a multi-channel wavelength division module with a 2×2 interface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are shown in FIG. The structure of the multi-channel wavelength division module with a 2×2 interface can be referred to as Figure 4 .like Figure 5 (a) and Figure 5 As shown in (c), when the signal light with a wavelength of 1.31 μm is input from the input interface 401, only the output interface 403 has the corresponding light intensity detection result. When the signal light with a wavelength of 1.31 μm is input from the input interface 402, only the output interface 403 has the corresponding light intensity detection result. This shows that the signal light with a wavelength of 1.31 μm is only output from the output interface 403. Figure 5 (b) and Figure 5 As shown in (d), when the signal light with a wavelength of 1.55 μm is input from the input interface 401, the corresponding detection result only exists at the output interface 404. When the signal light with a wavelength of 1.55 μm is input from the input interface 402, the corresponding light intensity detection result only exists at the output interface 404, indicating that the signal light with a wavelength of 1.55 μm is output only from the output interface 404.

[0069] like Figure 5 As shown in (e) in the figure, the image is as follows Figure 4 The electric field curves corresponding to the multi-channel wavelength division module 400 are shown, where the light-colored curve represents the electric field intensity at each location on the output end of the multi-channel wavelength division module 400 when signal light with a wavelength of 1.31 μm is input through the input interface 401, and the dark-colored curve represents the electric field intensity at each location on the output end of the multi-channel wavelength division module 400 when signal light with a wavelength of 1.55 μm is input through the input interface 401. As can be seen from the light-colored curves, when signal light with a wavelength of 1.31 μm is input through the input interface 401, the location corresponding to the output interface 403 has a larger electric field intensity, while the location corresponding to the output interface 404 has a smaller electric field intensity. When signal light with a wavelength of 1.55 μm is input through the input interface 401, the location corresponding to the output interface 403 has a smaller electric field intensity, while the location corresponding to the output interface 404 has a larger electric field intensity.

[0070] like Figure 5 As shown in (f) in the figure, the image is as follows Figure 4The electric field curves corresponding to the multi-channel wavelength division module 400 are shown, where the light-colored curve represents the electric field intensity at each location on the output end of the multi-channel wavelength division module 400 when signal light with a wavelength of 1.31 μm is input through the input interface 402, and the dark-colored curve represents the electric field intensity at each location on the output end of the multi-channel wavelength division module 400 when signal light with a wavelength of 1.55 μm is input through the input interface 402. As can be seen from the light-colored curves, when signal light with a wavelength of 1.31 μm is input through the input interface 402, the location corresponding to the output interface 403 has a larger electric field intensity, while the location corresponding to the output interface 404 has a smaller electric field intensity. When signal light with a wavelength of 1.55 μm is input through the input interface 402, the location corresponding to the output interface 403 has a smaller electric field intensity, while the location corresponding to the output interface 404 has a larger electric field intensity.

[0071] On this basis, the target multi-wavelength signal light is input into different input interfaces in sequence based on preset time intervals, which can realize the sorting of each single-wavelength signal light in the time dimension. This enables the multi-channel wavelength division module to realize time-sequential optical splitting without the need to adopt the common optical switching open-light dynamic switching in the existing technology, thereby realizing the synchronous separation of the target multi-wavelength signal light in the spatial dimension and the temporal dimension.

[0072] With the above Figure 2 For example, Figure 2 As shown, for the target multi-wavelength signal light input by the input interface 2011 within the first preset time interval Δt1, its corresponding single-wavelength signal light with a wavelength of λ1 is output by the output interface 2015. For the target multi-wavelength signal light input by the input interface 2012 within the second preset time interval Δt1, its corresponding single-wavelength signal light with a wavelength of λ1 is also output by the output interface 2015, and forms a signal light sequence in the time dimension with the single-wavelength signal light with a wavelength of λ1 output by the output interface 2015 within the first preset time interval Δt1.

[0073] Any output interface of the multi-channel wavelength division module is only used to output a fixed single-wavelength signal light; the specific number of output interfaces can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements and depends on the wavelength components of the target multi-wavelength signal light. This disclosure does not make specific restrictions on this.

[0074] The multi-channel wavelength division module can achieve high-precision (for example, extinction ratio greater than 15dB, filtering bandwidth less than 10nm) wavelength selective branching without a resonant cavity through a non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure determined by the inverse design diffraction operator, realize the wavelength division multiplexing function of the optical switching switch, and can perform multi-wavelength sorting in the C-band + L-band (Long Wavelength Band, 1565~1625nm), meeting the use requirements of high-density, low-power optical interconnection in application scenarios such as data centers and photonic processors.

[0075] On the other hand, the multi-channel wavelength division module provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, which does not require MRR, can completely avoid the temperature drift problem of traditional MRR-based optical switching switches, so that the multi-channel wavelength division module itself has zero temperature drift and low insertion loss characteristics (for example, the temperature drift coefficient is less than 0.1pm / ℃, and the insertion loss is less than 0.05dB), thereby improving the environmental stability of the space-wavelength combined optical switching switch device, and eliminating the need to set up an additional dynamic thermal tuning compensation module, which can reduce the structural complexity and manufacturing cost of the space-wavelength combined optical switching switch device.

[0076] The space division module is optically connected to the multi-channel wavelength division module, and can receive single-wavelength signal light from the output interface of the multi-channel wavelength division module. Based on the control signal corresponding to the target multi-wavelength signal light, it can determine the target port corresponding to each single-wavelength signal light and control any single-wavelength signal light to be output from the target port corresponding to the single-wavelength signal light, thereby realizing space division multiplexing. The specific form of the optical connection between the space division module and the multi-channel wavelength division module can be flexibly configured according to actual usage requirements, for example, a folded waveguide layout can be adopted, and this disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0077] The specific form and structure of the space division module 102 can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements. For example, it can be set as a multi-port space division switching network based on silicon-based MZI units or cascaded splitters, etc. This disclosure does not make specific limitations on this.

[0078] The air separation module 102 will be described in detail later in conjunction with possible implementations of the present disclosure, and will not be elaborated here.

[0079] The space-wavelength combined optical exchange switch device based on the inverse design diffraction operator provided by the present disclosure can utilize the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure determined based on the inverse design diffraction operator of the multi-channel wavelength division module to separate the target multi-wavelength signal light input according to the preset time interval into multiple single-wavelength signal lights, and input each single-wavelength signal light into the space division module respectively, thereby realizing the wavelength division multiplexing function of the optical exchange switch, and completely avoiding the temperature drift problem of the traditional optical exchange switch based on the microring resonator, improving the environmental stability of the space-wavelength combined optical exchange switch device, and eliminating the need to set up an additional dynamic thermal tuning compensation module, thereby reducing the space-wavelength The structural complexity and manufacturing cost of the long-term combined optical switching device are reduced; the space-division module can determine the target port corresponding to each single-wavelength signal light according to the control signal corresponding to the target multi-wavelength signal light, and control any single-wavelength signal light to be output from the target port corresponding to the single-wavelength signal light, thereby utilizing the cascade structure of the multi-channel wavelength division module and the space-division module to fill the functional gap of the traditional optical switching switch based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in wavelength division multiplexing, realize the coordinated multiplexing of the wavelength dimension and the space dimension, and make the space-wavelength combined optical switching switch device have dual-degree-of-freedom routing functions in the wavelength dimension and the space dimension.

[0080] In one possible implementation, the geometric parameters corresponding to the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure are obtained by optimizing and solving using a preset algorithm based on a preset mapping relationship between any single-wavelength signal light and an output interface and an inversely designed diffraction operator.

[0081] In order to ensure that the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure can form directional diffraction with each wavelength component included in the target multi-wavelength signal light and separate it into multiple single-wavelength signal lights, it is necessary to pre-set the output interface corresponding to each single-wavelength signal light, determine the preset mapping relationship between any single-wavelength signal light and an output interface, and then use the preset algorithm to determine at least one diffraction structure that can excite the target multi-wavelength signal light into a local resonance mode and directionally diffract each single-wavelength signal light to its corresponding output interface; then, based on the inverse design diffraction operator and combined with the required structural form, determine the geometric parameters corresponding to the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure.

[0082] Among them, the specific method for determining the preset mapping relationship and the specific content of the preset mapping relationship can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements. For example, the preset mapping relationship between the single-wavelength signal light and the output interface can be constructed based on the order of wavelengths from small to large and the order of output interfaces of the multi-channel wavelength division module from top to bottom. The present disclosure does not make specific limitations on this.

[0083] With the above Figure 2 For example, Figure 2As shown, wavelengths λ1 to λ4 satisfy the order from small to large, and the preset mapping relationship includes: the single-wavelength signal light of wavelength λ1 corresponds to the top output interface 2015 of the multi-channel wavelength division module 201, the single-wavelength signal light of wavelength λ2 corresponds to the second output interface 2016 from the top to the bottom of the multi-channel wavelength division module 201, the single-wavelength signal light of wavelength λ3 corresponds to the third output interface 2017 from the top to the bottom of the multi-channel wavelength division module 201, and the single-wavelength signal light of wavelength λ4 corresponds to the bottom output interface 2018 of the multi-channel wavelength division module 201.

[0084] The specific content of the geometric parameters corresponding to the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements, depending on the inverse design diffraction operator and the actual form of the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure. For example, when the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure is a hole array structure, the geometric parameters may include the substrate size, the diameter of each hole, the spacing between different holes, etc.; when the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure is a ridge waveguide structure, the geometric parameters may include the substrate size, the etching depth of each ridge waveguide, the distance between different ridge waveguides, etc. The present disclosure does not make specific limitations on this.

[0085] In one example, the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure is a hole array structure, and its corresponding geometric parameters include a diameter of each hole in the range of 50 to 200 nm, a spacing between each hole in the range of 100 to 300 nm, etc.

[0086] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the principle of inverse design of geometric parameters corresponding to a non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 6 As shown in FIG, the target multi-wavelength signal light is represented as a matrix sequence, and multiple single-wavelength signal lights with discrete spatial dimensions are represented as multiple independent matrices. The process of wavelength splitting the target multi-wavelength signal light by the non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure to separate multiple single-wavelength signal lights can be represented as a process of obtaining multiple independent matrices by inversely designing the preset matrix corresponding to the diffraction operator and performing a three-dimensional tensor product operation on the matrix sequence, which can be expressed as formula (1):

[0087]

[0088] in, represents the matrix sequence corresponding to the target multi-wavelength signal light; [λ1λ2 … λ m ] represents the preset matrix corresponding to the inverse designed diffraction operator; Represents the matrix corresponding to any single wavelength signal light.

[0089] Based on any preset algorithm, a preset matrix corresponding to the inversely designed diffraction operator is optimized and solved. After determining the specific values ​​of each element in the preset matrix, the geometric parameters corresponding to the aperiodic subwavelength nanostructure can be determined in combination with the desired structural form to ensure that the aperiodic subwavelength nanostructure can form directional diffraction with each wavelength component included in the target multi-wavelength signal light. The specific form of the preset algorithm can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements and is not specifically limited in this disclosure.

[0090] In one possible implementation, the preset algorithm includes: a topology optimization algorithm or a deep learning algorithm. The specific form of the topology optimization algorithm or the deep learning algorithm can be referenced to the implementation in the relevant technology, and this disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0091] In one possible implementation, the space division module 102 includes: a field programmable gate array FPGA sub-module and a multi-port space division switching sub-module; the FPGA sub-module is used to determine the branch switching drive signal according to the control signal, wherein the switching period corresponding to the branch switching drive signal is equal to the preset time interval; the multi-port space division switching sub-module is used to periodically switch the optical path of the space division module 102 according to the branch switching drive signal, and respectively control each single wavelength signal light to be output to its corresponding target port.

[0092] Specifically, the space division module 102 may include: a field programmable gate array (FPGA) submodule and a multi-port space division switching submodule.

[0093] The FPGA submodule can determine a shunt switching drive signal based on the control signal corresponding to the target multi-wavelength signal light, and transmit the shunt switching drive signal to the multi-port space division switching submodule to control the multi-port space division switching submodule to perform optical path switching. The specific form of the FPGA submodule can refer to the implementation methods in the relevant art, and this disclosure does not specifically limit this. The specific form of the shunt switching drive signal can refer to the implementation methods in the relevant art, for example, the shunt switching drive signal can be set to a drive voltage within the range of 0 to 3V, etc., depending on the specific form of the FPGA submodule, and this disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0094] It should be noted that the switching period corresponding to the branch switching driving signal should be equal to the preset time interval to avoid crosstalk caused by the optical path switching of the space separation module 102 when different single-wavelength signal lights are transmitted in the space separation module 102.

[0095] The multi-port space-division switching submodule can periodically switch the optical path of the space-division module 102 according to the branch switching drive signal, and control the output of each single-wavelength signal light to its corresponding target port. The specific form and structure of the multi-port space-division switching submodule can be flexibly configured according to actual usage requirements. For example, it can be configured as a multi-port space-division switching network constructed based on silicon-based MZI units or cascaded optical splitters, etc. This disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0096] In one possible implementation, the multi-port space division switching submodule is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) array based on a Benes network, wherein the MZI array includes multiple 2×2 MZI units; any one of the 2×2 MZI units is used to adjust the phase difference according to the branch switching drive signal upon receiving the branch switching drive signal, thereby switching the optical path corresponding to the 2×2 MZI unit.

[0097] Specifically, the multi-port space division switching submodule can be configured as an MZI array that meets the Benes network topology architecture, including multiple 2×2 MZI units. The specific form of any 2×2 MZI unit can refer to the implementation methods in the relevant technology, and this disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0098] In a possible implementation, any one of the 2×2 MZI units is an MZI unit based on a thermo-optic effect or an MZI unit based on an electro-optic effect.

[0099] The MZI unit based on the thermo-optical effect may refer to an MZI unit that realizes phase difference adjustment through the thermo-optical effect. Its specific form may refer to the implementation method in the relevant technology, for example, an MZI unit including a TiN heater, etc. This disclosure does not make any specific limitations on this.

[0100] The MZI unit based on the electro-optic effect can refer to an MZI unit that realizes phase difference adjustment through the electro-optic effect (i.e., the dispersion effect of carrier injection). Its specific form can refer to the implementation method in the relevant technology, for example, an MZI unit including a PIN modulator, etc., and this disclosure does not make specific limitations on this.

[0101] The specific number of 2×2 MZI units in the MZI array can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements and depends on the number of input ports or output ports corresponding to the space division module. This disclosure does not impose specific restrictions on this. It should be noted that the number of output ports corresponding to the space division module should be equal to the number of input ports corresponding to the space division module, and the number of input ports corresponding to the space division module should be equal to the number of output ports corresponding to the multi-channel wavelength division module to ensure that each single wavelength signal light can be output through the space division module.

[0102] Specifically, the relationship between the number of 2×2 MZI units and the number of input ports or output ports corresponding to the space division module can be expressed as formula (2):

[0103]

[0104] Wherein, n represents the number of 2×2 MZI units; N represents the number of input ports or output ports corresponding to the space division module.

[0105] With the above Figure 2 For example, Figure 2 As shown, the multi-port space division switching submodule of the space division module 202 is an MZI array of a 4×4 Benes network topology architecture, having 4 input ports and 4 output ports, which can provide 16 independent optical paths in the spatial dimension, and cooperate with the 4 wavelength channels in the wavelength dimension, so that the device 200 supports 64 independent optical paths; the MZI array is composed of 6 2×2 MZI units, namely 2×2 MZI units 2021 to 2026.

[0106] The two optical paths corresponding to any 2×2MZI unit can be switched between the cross state (Cross) and the straight-through state (Bar), thereby changing the transmission path of the single-wavelength signal light passing through the 2×2MZI unit. Specifically, any 2×2MZI unit can adjust the phase difference according to the shunt switching drive signal when receiving the shunt switching drive signal, and switch the optical path corresponding to the 2×2MZI unit. Among them. The specific method for any 2×2MZI unit to adjust the phase difference according to the shunt switching drive signal can refer to the implementation method in the relevant technology, which depends on the specific form of the 2×2MZI unit, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations on this.

[0107] In one example, any one of the 2×2 MZI units is an MZI unit including a TiN heater, and the branch switching drive signal from the FPGA sub-module is input to the TiN heater corresponding to the 2×2 MZI unit, and the phase difference corresponding to the 2×2 MZI unit is adjusted through the thermo-optical effect.

[0108] In one example, any 2×2 MZI unit is an MZI unit including a PIN modulator, and the branch switching drive signal from the FPGA sub-module is input to the PIN modulator corresponding to the 2×2 MZI unit, and the phase difference corresponding to the 2×2 MZI unit is adjusted through the dispersion effect of carrier injection.

[0109] The electro-optical tuning response time of an MZI unit based on the electro-optic effect is usually less than 10ns, and the thermo-optical tuning response time of an MZI unit based on the thermo-optical effect is usually less than 1μs. Therefore, using 2×2 MZI units for optical path switching can improve the reconstruction efficiency of the space-division module and increase the speed of optical path switching, enabling the space-division module to support real-time dynamic optical path switching.

[0110] The space-division module designed above can utilize an MZI array based on the Benes network topology architecture to achieve dynamic, electrically controlled optical path switching for any single-wavelength signal light, ensure the synchronization of timing control, avoid crosstalk between different single-wavelength signal lights, and improve the routing efficiency of the space-wavelength combined optical switching device.

[0111] By utilizing the cascade structure of multiple wavelength division modules and space division modules, the functional gap of traditional MZI unit-based optical switching switches in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) can be filled, and the coordinated multiplexing of wavelength and space dimensions can be realized, so that the space-wavelength combined optical switching device has dual-degree-of-freedom routing functions in wavelength and space dimensions. In addition, through the decoupling control method of wavelength sorting (static all-optical) and space switching (dynamic electrical control), the crosstalk accumulation problem of traditional hybrid architecture optical switching switches can be avoided, and the efficiency and reliability of the space-wavelength combined optical switching device can be improved.

[0112] In a possible implementation, the space division module 102 further includes: a wavelength-independent submodule, configured to reduce the insertion loss of the space division module 102 within a preset wavelength band.

[0113] To reduce the insertion loss of single-wavelength signal light when transmitted along any optical path of the space-division module 102 and improve the applicability of the space-wavelength combined optical switching device 100 in multi-wavelength parallel transmission applications, a wavelength-independent submodule can be provided in the space-division module 102 to reduce the insertion loss of the space-division module 102 within a preset wavelength band, thereby ensuring wavelength flatness of the space-division module 102. The specific form of the wavelength-independent submodule can be flexibly configured based on actual usage requirements and is not specifically limited in this disclosure.

[0114] In a possible implementation, the wavelength-independent submodule includes: a plurality of broadband optical splitters and / or a plurality of low-dispersion phase shifters.

[0115] Any broadband optical splitter can be used to reduce the insertion loss of the 2×2 MZI unit in which it is located. Its specific form can refer to the implementation methods in the relevant art and should meet the requirement that the splitting ratio fluctuation within the wavelength range of 1530-1570nm is less than 5%. For example, a multimode interferometer (MMI) or an adiabatic tapered coupler can be used, but this disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0116] Any low-dispersion phase shifter can be used to optimize the doping concentration of the 2×2 MZI unit where the low-dispersion phase shifter is located, or the size of the heater. For example, for an MZI unit including a PIN modulator, the p+ / n+ doping concentration of the corresponding PIN region can be adjusted to 1e20 cm -3 , or for an MZI unit including a TiN heater, the size of the corresponding TiN heater can be optimized to 2 μm, etc., thereby ensuring that the wavelength dependence of the 2×2 MZI unit in the C-band (1530-1565 nm) is less than 0.1 rad / nm, thereby reducing the insertion loss of the 2×2 MZI unit.

[0117] Any bandwidth splitter and / or any low-dispersion phase shifter can be installed within any 2×2 MZI unit to optimize that unit. The specific placement of any bandwidth splitter and / or any low-dispersion phase shifter can be flexibly set based on actual usage requirements and is not specifically limited in this disclosure. The number of bandwidth splitters and / or low-dispersion phase shifters included in each 2×2 MZI unit can be flexibly set based on actual usage requirements and is not specifically limited in this disclosure.

[0118] In one example, a low-dispersion phase shifter is provided at any intersection of two optical paths corresponding to the 2×2 MZI unit, and a broadband optical splitter is provided on any optical path corresponding to the 2×2 MZI unit.

[0119] Figure 7 FIG. 1 shows a simulation diagram of an optical path configuration of a space separation module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 7 As shown, the multi-port space division switching submodule of the space division module 700 is an MZI array of a 4×4 Benes network topology architecture, and includes a wavelength-independent submodule based on MMI; wherein, the insertion loss of any 2×2 MZI unit in the MZI array in the C-band is 0.05dB, and the insertion loss of any MMI in the wavelength-independent submodule in the C-band is less than or equal to 0.31dB, and has a fluctuation value of 0.17dB.

[0120] like Figure 7As shown in the figure, any dark box represents a port pair connected to an active optical path, and the extinction ratio value (in dB) of the optical path corresponding to this port pair is marked inside. A larger extinction ratio value indicates better signal quality of the optical path corresponding to this port pair. Any light box represents a port pair connected to an inactive optical path, or a port pair in the closed state.

[0121] like Figure 7 As shown in (a), the optical path configuration of the space separation module is in a straight-through routing state, which is used to achieve direct mapping between each input port and its corresponding output port, that is, the mapping between input port 1 and output port 1, input port 2 and output port 2, input port 3 and output port 3, and input port 4 and output port 4.

[0122] like Figure 7 As shown in (b), the optical path configuration of the space division module is in a cross-routing state, which is used to achieve complete reverse connection of the ports, that is, the mapping of input port 1 to output port 4, input port 2 to output port 3, input port 3 to output port 2, and input port 4 to output port 1.

[0123] like Figure 7 As shown in (c), the optical path configuration of the space division module is in a paired switching routing state, which is used to achieve port reconfiguration, that is, the mapping of input port 1 to output port 2, input port 2 to output port 4, input port 3 to output port 1, and input port 4 to output port 3.

[0124] like Figure 7 As shown in (d), the optical path configuration of the space division module is in a cyclic shift routing state, which is used to implement a cyclic mapping mode of the port, mapping input port 1 to output port 4, input port 2 to output port 1, input port 3 to output port 2, and input port 4 to output port 3.

[0125] like Figure 7 As shown, when the optical path configuration of the space division module is in any routing state, the extinction ratio of the port pair connected by the activated optical path is around 19.0dB, which has high signal quality and can ensure the stability of signal quality.

[0126] The space-wavelength combined optical exchange switch device based on the inverse design diffraction operator provided by the present disclosure can utilize the non-periodic subwavelength nanostructure determined based on the inverse design diffraction operator of the multi-channel wavelength division module to separate the target multi-wavelength signal light input according to the preset time interval into multiple single-wavelength signal lights, and input each single-wavelength signal light into the space division module respectively, thereby realizing the wavelength division multiplexing function of the optical exchange switch, and completely avoiding the temperature drift problem of the traditional optical exchange switch based on the microring resonator, improving the environmental stability of the space-wavelength combined optical exchange switch device, and eliminating the need to set up an additional dynamic thermal tuning compensation module, thereby reducing the space-wavelength The structural complexity and manufacturing cost of the long-term combined optical switching device are reduced; the space division module can determine the target port corresponding to each single-wavelength signal light according to the control signal corresponding to the target multi-wavelength signal light, and control any single-wavelength signal light to be output from the target port corresponding to the single-wavelength signal light. Thus, by utilizing the cascade structure of the multi-channel wavelength division module and the space division module, the functional gap of the traditional optical switching switch based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in wavelength division multiplexing is filled, and the coordinated multiplexing of the wavelength dimension and the spatial dimension is realized, so that the space-wavelength combined optical switching device has dual-degree-of-freedom routing functions in the wavelength dimension and the spatial dimension. In addition, through the decoupling control method of wavelength sorting (static all-optical) and space switching (dynamic electrical control), the crosstalk accumulation problem of the traditional hybrid architecture optical switching switch can be avoided, and the efficiency and reliability of the space-wavelength combined optical switching switch device can be improved.

[0127] It should be noted that although Figure 2 The above describes the space-wavelength combined optical switching device based on the inverse-designed diffraction operator of the present disclosure as an example, but those skilled in the art will understand that the present disclosure should not be limited to this. In fact, users can flexibly set the structural form of the space-wavelength combined optical switching device according to their personal preferences and / or actual application scenarios. As long as the wavelength division multiplexing function of the optical switching switch can be realized based on the above principles and the non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure of the inverse-designed diffraction operator is utilized, and the cascade structure of multiple wavelength division modules and space division modules is utilized to achieve coordinated multiplexing of the wavelength dimension and the spatial dimension, so that the space-wavelength combined optical switching device has dual-degree-of-freedom routing functions in the wavelength dimension and the spatial dimension, it can be used.

[0128] While various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, the foregoing description is intended to be illustrative, non-exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is selected to best explain the principles of the embodiments, their practical applications, or technological improvements in the marketplace, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A space-wavelength combined optical switching device based on inverse design diffraction operator, characterized in that: The device comprises: a multi-channel wavelength division module and a space division module; The multi-path wavelength division module is used to separate the target multi-wavelength signal light input according to the preset time interval into multiple single-wavelength signal lights by using the non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure determined based on the inverse design diffraction operator, and input each single-wavelength signal light into the space division module respectively; The space division module is used to determine the target port corresponding to each single-wavelength signal light according to the control signal corresponding to the target multi-wavelength signal light, and control any single-wavelength signal light to be output from the target port corresponding to the single-wavelength signal light.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The multi-path wavelength division module includes: at least one input interface, a substrate having the non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure, and a plurality of output interfaces.

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure includes: a hole array structure and / or a ridge waveguide structure.

4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The geometric parameters corresponding to the non-periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure are obtained by optimizing and solving using a preset algorithm based on a preset mapping relationship between any single-wavelength signal light and an output interface and the inverse-designed diffraction operator.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that The preset algorithm includes: a topology optimization algorithm or a deep learning algorithm.

6. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The space division module includes: a field programmable gate array FPGA submodule and a multi-port space division switching submodule; The FPGA sub-module is configured to determine a branch switching drive signal according to the control signal, wherein a switching period corresponding to the branch switching drive signal is equal to the preset time interval; The multi-port space division switching submodule is used to periodically switch the optical path of the space division module according to the branch switching drive signal, and respectively control each single wavelength signal light to be output to its corresponding target port.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The multi-port space division switching submodule is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) array based on a Benes network, wherein the MZI array includes a plurality of 2×2 MZI units; Any 2×2 MZI unit is used to adjust the phase difference according to the branch switching drive signal when receiving the branch switching drive signal, and switch the optical path corresponding to the 2×2 MZI unit.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that Any 2×2 MZI unit is an MZI unit based on the thermo-optic effect or an MZI unit based on the electro-optic effect.

9. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The space division module further includes: a wavelength-independent submodule, which is used to reduce the insertion loss of the space division module within a preset wavelength band.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that The wavelength-independent submodule includes: a plurality of broadband optical splitters and / or a plurality of low-dispersion phase shifters.

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