Ecological cycle stress-resistant cultivation method for rice in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological cycle stress-resistant cultivation method for rice in saline-alkali soil. High yield of rice is achieved through the technology of transplanting big seedlings cultivated in pots, cultivating crabs in a rice field and using biological bacterial fertilizer. A pot-raised large seedling transplanting link: selecting a suitable land for seedling raising, and after seed treatment, sowing and seedling stage management, cultivating robust seedlings, and then transplanting in wide and narrow rows; when crabs are bred in the rice field, annular and field ditches are constructed in the rice field, anti-escape facilities are arranged, disinfected juvenile crabs are put in good time, and scientific feeding and management are conducted; the biological bacterial fertilizer is a fertilizer containing a plurality of beneficial microorganisms, is mixed with an organic fertilizer before transplanting, and is dressed timely in the growing period. The three synergistically form an ecological cycle, the crab activity and excrement improve the soil structure, and the biological bacterial fertilizer decomposes salt, converts nutrients, reduces soil salinity and alkalinity, and improves fertility. The method is actually applied to 100 mu of saline-alkali soil in northeast, the yield per mu of rice reaches 650 kg, compared with traditional planting, the yield is increased by 85.7%, the soil salinity and alkalinity are reduced, organic matter is increased, meanwhile, the economic benefits are increased by harvesting crabs, and the win-win situation of ecological and economic benefits is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to an ecological cycle stress-resistant cultivation method for rice in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Due to the high salt and alkali content in the soil, saline-alkali land has many adverse effects on rice growth. The high saline-alkali environment can lead to low rice seed germination rates, slow seedling growth, and susceptibility to physiological drought and ion toxicity. The root system is poorly developed during the adult stage, affecting nutrient and water absorption, and ultimately resulting in low rice yield and poor quality. Traditional saline-alkali land rice cultivation methods, such as flooding and salt washing, can reduce soil salinity to a certain extent, but there are problems such as serious water waste, soil structure damage, high costs, and short-term effects, making it difficult to achieve sustainable high yields of saline-alkali land rice. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide an ecological circulation and stress-resistant cultivation method for rice in saline-alkali land. By scientifically integrating pot-grown seedling transplanting, crab farming in rice fields and biological fertilizer technology, it can effectively reduce soil salinity, improve soil fertility, enhance the stress resistance of rice in saline-alkali environments, achieve high rice yields, and at the same time form a benign ecological circulation system, reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, and improve the comprehensive benefits of agricultural production.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: comprising the following steps: S1: Transplanting large seedlings in pots: first select a flat, leeward, sunny, and conveniently drained and irrigated plot as a nursery field, deep plowing and harrowing to make a seedbed, and spread nutrient soil made of a mixture of decomposed organic fertilizer, humus, and compound fertilizer on the surface of the seedbed; select rice varieties suitable for saline-alkali land, and after airing, salt water seed selection, disinfection, and germination treatment, sow them into seedling pots, 2 to 3 seeds per pot, cover with soil and water after sowing; after sowing, build a small arch shed, control the temperature and humidity during the seedling stage, thin out the seedlings at the right time, and apply appropriate topdressing. When the seedlings grow to 5-7 leaves and are 35-45 days old, transplant them in a wide and narrow row transplanting mode, with a wide row of 30 to 35 cm and a narrow row of 15 to 20 cm, a plant spacing of 12 to 15 cm, 1 to 2 plants per hole, and a transplanting depth of no more than 2 cm; S2: Raising crabs in rice fields: Dig a circular ditch 1-1.5 meters wide and 0.8-1 meter deep around the rice field, covering 10%-15% of the total area of ​​the rice field. Dig a cross-shaped or well-shaped field ditch 0.5-0.8 meters wide and 0.5-0.8 meters deep in the middle. Install escape prevention facilities at the water inlet and outlet. 7-10 days after transplanting the rice seedlings, after the rice seedlings have returned to green, release healthy and well-sized crab seedlings, 100-200 per kilogram, 5-8 kilograms per mu. Soak in 3%-5% salt water for 5-10 minutes for disinfection before release. Feed the crabs according to their growth stage and feeding habits 1-2 times a day, change the water regularly, and maintain a water depth of 0.6-1 meter. Sprinkle quicklime water with a concentration of 10-15 mg / L every 10-15 days. Strengthen daily inspections to prevent natural enemy infestation and reduce the use of pesticides. S3: Application of biological fertilizer: Select effective living bacteria count ≥ 2.0×10 8 CFU / gram, and a compound biological fertilizer containing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; before transplanting rice, mix the biological fertilizer with fully decomposed organic fertilizer in a weight ratio of 1:10, and apply 20,000-30 kg per mu as base fertilizer; during the tillering and heading stages of rice, dilute the biological fertilizer 500-800 times, and spray 50,000-60 kg per mu as foliar topdressing.

[0005] Preferably, in the transplanting of pot-grown seedlings, carbendazim or benomyl is used as the seed disinfection solution, the germination temperature is controlled at 28-32° C., and the seeds are sown when more than 80% of the seeds have broken through the thorax and become white.

[0006] Preferably, in the rice field crab farming, the feed is selected from small fish, small shrimp, snail and clam meat, corn, wheat or special crab compound feed.

[0007] Preferably, through the synergistic effect of transplanting large seedlings in pots, raising crabs in rice fields and applying biological fertilizers, an ecological circulation system is formed, soil salinity is reduced, soil fertility is improved, and high rice yield is achieved.

[0008] Preferably, the width of the seedbed of the nursery field is 1.2 to 1.5 meters, and the length is not limited.

[0009] Preferably, the thickness of the nutrient soil is 3 to 5 cm.

[0010] Preferably, during the transplanting process of the pot-grown seedlings, the temperature of the seedbed is maintained at 25-30°C during the day and the temperature is not lower than 15°C at night.

[0011] Preferably, in the rice field crab farming, the escape prevention facilities are made of plastic film or wire mesh material.

[0012] Preferably, the biological fertilizer is mixed with the organic fertilizer and then evenly spread before paddy field preparation to ensure that the fertilizer is in full contact with the soil.

[0013] Preferably, when applying the biological fertilizer during the growth period of the rice, the specific time and amount of topdressing are determined based on growth indicators such as rice leaf color and growth height.

[0014] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Reduce soil salinity: The beneficial microorganisms in biological fertilizers can decompose salt and harmful substances in the soil. At the same time, the activities and feces of crabs can also help improve soil structure, reduce soil salinity, and create a good soil environment for rice growth.

[0015] 2. Improve soil fertility: The application of feces and biological fertilizer produced by raising crabs in rice fields can increase the organic matter content in the soil, promote the transformation and absorption of nutrients in the soil, improve soil fertility, and meet the nutrient needs of rice growth.

[0016] 3. Achieve high rice yields: The robust seedlings cultivated through transplanting large seedlings from pots, combined with the improved soil environment and sufficient nutrient supply, can improve the stress resistance and growth potential of rice, thereby achieving high rice yields.

[0017] 4. Ecological and environmental protection: The present invention adopts an ecological cycle cultivation method, which reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduces pollution to the environment, and at the same time realizes the organic combination of rice planting and crab farming, improves land utilization and economic benefits, and has good ecological and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the present invention, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention and to make other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention more apparent. The accompanying drawings and descriptions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention for which protection is sought, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms indicating orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only used to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0021] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances of the specification.

[0022] The present invention provides a method for cultivating rice in saline-alkali land under ecological circulation and stress resistance. Example 1: Small-scale planting on saline-alkali land in the southern coastal area In a coastal saline-alkali area in southern my country, a 15-mu saline-alkali land was selected to implement this cultivation method.

[0023] (1) Transplanting large seedlings grown in pots Seedling preparation: Select a plot of land near a pond with ample sunlight and good drainage for the seedling nursery. Plow the soil 20 centimeters deep and harrow it flat to create 12 seedbeds, each 1.2 meters wide and 30 meters long. Cover the seedbeds with a 3-centimeter-thick mixture of nutrient soil consisting of 50% decomposed cow dung, 35% leaf mold, and 15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer.

[0024] Seed treatment: Select the salt-tolerant variety "Haidao 86", take 100 kg of seeds and air-dry for 1 day, select the seeds with salt water, soak them in 800 times dilution of carbendazim for 18 hours, remove and clean them, germinate them at 28℃, and sow them when 80% of the seeds have broken their chests and turned white.

[0025] Sowing and Management: Use a 6 cm diameter seedling pot, sow 3 seeds per pot, cover with 1 cm of soil, and water thoroughly. Build a small arch shed, maintain the temperature at 25-28°C during the day, and no less than 15°C at night. Water according to soil dryness and wetness. Apply a 0.3% superphosphate solution with a 12% phosphorus content once when the seedlings are 2 leaves. When the seedlings have 5 leaves and are 35 days old, transplant them in rows 30 cm wide and 15 cm narrow, with a spacing of 12 cm between plants, 2 plants per hole, and a transplanting depth of 1.2 cm.

[0026] (2) Crab farming in rice fields Field engineering: Dig a 1-meter-wide, 0.8-meter-deep circular ditch around the paddy field, with a cross-shaped field ditch 0.5 meters wide and 0.5 meters deep in the center. Install plastic film at the water inlet and outlet to prevent escape.

[0027] Stocking and feeding crab fry: Seven days after rice transplanting, stock the pond with 180 crab fry per kilogram (5 kilograms per mu). Disinfect the pond with 3% saline for 5 minutes. Feed the pond with small fish, corn, and specialized feed once daily in the evening. Maintain a water depth of 0.6 meters. Replace one-third of the water every 10 days and apply 10 mg / L quicklime water every 10 days.

[0028] (3) Application of biological fertilizer Before transplanting, mix 300 kg of biological fertilizer with 7,500 kg of decomposed chicken manure and spread it and prepare the land; during the jointing period of rice, apply 10 kg of biological fertilizer per mu and use root irrigation.

[0029] (IV) Implementation Effect At harvest time, the average rice yield per mu reached 580 kilograms, a 70.6% increase compared to traditional local cultivation. Soil salinity dropped from 0.38% to 0.18%, while organic matter content increased from 1.1% to 1.9%. The harvest also yielded 450 kilograms of crabs, generating an additional 22,500 yuan in income.

[0030] Example 2: Large-scale cultivation on saline-alkali land in the northern inland area In a certain inland saline-alkali land area in northern my country, 500 mu of saline-alkali land was selected to implement this cultivation method.

[0031] (1) Transplanting large seedlings grown in pots Seedling preparation: Select a large, open plot of land with easy irrigation for the seedling field. Plow the soil 28 cm deep to create several seedbeds 1.5 m wide and of varying lengths. Use a 5 cm thick nutrient soil composed of 40% decomposed sheep manure, 40% peat, and 20% ammonium sulfate compound fertilizer.

[0032] Seed treatment and seedling raising: 800 kg of seeds of the "Zhongke Salt Rice" variety were selected. After airing and salt water selection, they were soaked in a 600-fold dilution of carbendazim for 24 hours and germinated at 32°C. Two seeds were sown per pot. Post-sowing management was the same as in the previous example. When the seedlings had 7 leaves and were 45 days old, they were transplanted in rows with a width of 35 cm and a narrow row of 20 cm, with a spacing of 15 cm between plants, one plant per hole, and a transplanting depth of 2 cm.

[0033] (2) Crab farming in rice fields Field construction: The circular ditch around the field is 1.5 meters wide and 1 meter deep, the "well"-shaped field ditch in the middle is 0.8 meters wide and 0.8 meters deep, and wire mesh is installed at the water inlet and outlet to prevent escape.

[0034] Crab seedlings and rearing: Ten days after rice transplanting, stock the paddy field with 100 crab seedlings per kilogram (8 kilograms per mu). Disinfect the paddy field with 5% saline for 10 minutes. Feed the paddy field primarily with snail and mussel meat, wheat, and compound feed. Feed the paddy field twice daily, maintaining a water depth of 1 meter. Change the water weekly and apply 15 mg / L quicklime water every 15 days.

[0035] (3) Application of biological fertilizer Before transplanting, apply 12,500 kg of biological fertilizer and 625,000 kg of organic fertilizer; during the booting stage, spread 15 kg of biological fertilizer per mu.

[0036] (IV) Implementation Effect The rice yield per mu averaged 680 kilograms, a 94.3% increase over traditional cultivation. Soil salinity dropped from 0.5% to 0.22%, and organic matter content increased from 1.3% to 2.3%. The crab harvest totaled 12,000 kilograms, generating an additional 600,000 yuan in revenue.

[0037] In a saline-alkali land area in Northeast my country, a 100-mu saline-alkali land was selected as a test field to implement the saline-alkali land rice ecological cycle stress resistance cultivation method. The specific process is as follows: 1. Implementation of transplanting large seedlings grown in pots Seedling preparation: Select a local plot of land that is flat, sheltered from the wind, sunny, and close to a canal for easy irrigation and drainage as the seedling nursery. Plow the soil 25 centimeters deep and harrow it to create seedbeds 1.3 meters wide and 100 meters long, with a total of 50 seedbeds. On the surface of the seedbeds, apply a 4-centimeter-thick mixture of nutrient soil composed of decomposed chicken manure (40%), humus (40%), and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (20%).

[0038] Seed treatment: Select the rice variety "Salt Rice No. 12" suitable for local saline-alkali land cultivation, dry 500 kg of seeds on a sunny day for 1.5 days, and then use a density of 1.13g / cm 3Select seeds with salt water, remove floating shrunken seeds and impurities, and rinse with clean water. Then soak the seeds in 500 times the concentration of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 20 hours for disinfection. After disinfection, remove the seeds and wash them with clean water. Place them in a constant temperature environment of 30℃ for germination. Sow them when 85% of the seeds have broken through the chest and are white.

[0039] Sowing: Use a plastic seedling pot with a diameter of 8 cm, sow 2 processed seeds in each seedling pot, cover with 1.5 cm thick nutrient soil after sowing, and then water thoroughly to keep the soil moist.

[0040] Seedling Management: After sowing, build a small, 0.8-meter-high shed on the seedbed. During the day, cover the shed with film at both ends to maintain a temperature of 26-28°C. Cover the shed with film at night to maintain a temperature of no less than 16°C. Water every 2-3 days, depending on soil moisture. When the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, thin and replant them to ensure each pot has one healthy seedling. Apply a 0.5% urea solution containing 15% nitrogen. When the seedlings have six leaves and are 40 days old, transplant them.

[0041] Transplanting: One week before transplanting, plow the land to a depth of 20 cm, then harrow and level the ground. When transplanting, use a wide-narrow row method with 32 cm wide rows and 18 cm narrow rows, with a spacing of 13 cm between plants. Plant one seedling per hole, and control the transplanting depth to 1.5 cm.

[0042] 2. Implementation of Crab Farming in Rice Fields Field Engineering: A 1.2-meter-wide, 0.9-meter-deep circular ditch was dug around each of the 100 mu (approximately 12% of the total paddy area) paddies. A "well"-shaped field ditch, 0.6 meters wide and 0.6 meters deep, was dug in the center of the paddy fields. One-meter-high wire mesh was installed at the paddy field water inlets and outlets to prevent escape.

[0043] Crab seedlings: Eight days after rice transplanting, when the rice seedlings have returned to green, release crab seedlings at a rate of 150 per kilogram, or 6 kilograms per mu. Before release, disinfect the crab seedlings by soaking them in a 3% saline solution for 8 minutes.

[0044] Feeding and Management: A mixture of small fish (30%), corn (40%), and a specialized crab feed (30%) is used daily at 7:00 AM and 5:00 PM. The crabs should consume the food within 2 hours. The water should be changed weekly, with the volume of each change being 1 / 3 of the total paddy water volume, maintaining a water depth of 0.8 meters. Every 12 days, the paddy should be sprayed with 12 mg / L of quicklime water.

[0045] Daily management: Assign dedicated personnel to patrol the rice fields every morning and evening to observe the crabs' growth and activity. Repair damaged escape prevention devices promptly. Set up bird nets around the rice fields and place rodent poison bait stations along the ridges. Throughout the rice-growing period, use tricyclazole wettable powder, which is harmless to crabs, for control only during the early stages of rice blast.

[0046] 3. Implementation of biological fertilizer application Selection of biological fertilizer: Use a composite biological fertilizer containing Bacillus subtilis, phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria, with an effective live bacteria count ≥ 200 million / g.

[0047] Application method: Before transplanting rice, mix 2,500 kg of biofertilizer with 125,000 kg of fully decomposed pig manure and spread it in the paddy before land preparation. Apply biofertilizer during the tillering and booting stages, applying 12 kg per mu (approximately 12 kg) of biofertilizer at a time. Water the paddy promptly afterward.

[0048] IV. Implementation Effect After one growing cycle, the 100-mu experimental field achieved an average rice yield of 650 kilograms per mu, an 85.7% increase compared to the approximately 350 kilograms per mu yield of traditional saline-alkali rice cultivation in the area. Soil testing data also showed that soil salinity in the experimental field decreased from an initial 0.45% to 0.2%, while soil organic matter content increased from 1.2% to 2.1%. Furthermore, the total crab harvest reached 3,000 kilograms, generating an additional 150,000 yuan in revenue based on market prices, achieving both high rice yields and enhanced ecological and economic benefits.

Claims

1. A saline-alkali land rice ecological cycle stress resistance cultivation method, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1: Transplanting large seedlings in pots: first select a flat, leeward, sunny, and conveniently drained and irrigated plot as a nursery field, deep plowing and harrowing to make a seedbed, and spread nutrient soil made of a mixture of decomposed organic fertilizer, humus, and compound fertilizer on the surface of the seedbed; select rice varieties suitable for saline-alkali land, and after airing, salt water seed selection, disinfection, and germination treatment, sow them into seedling pots, 2 to 3 seeds per pot, cover with soil and water after sowing; after sowing, build a small arch shed, control the temperature and humidity during the seedling stage, thin out the seedlings at the right time, and apply appropriate topdressing. When the seedlings grow to 5-7 leaves and are 35-45 days old, transplant them in a wide and narrow row transplanting mode, with a wide row of 30 to 35 cm and a narrow row of 15 to 20 cm, a plant spacing of 12 to 15 cm, 1 to 2 plants per hole, and a transplanting depth of no more than 2 cm; S2: Raising crabs in rice fields: Dig a circular ditch 1-1.5 meters wide and 0.8-1 meter deep around the rice field, covering 10%-15% of the total paddy field area. Dig a cross-shaped or well-shaped field ditch 0.5-0.8 meters wide and 0.5-0.8 meters deep in the center. Install escape prevention facilities at the water inlet and outlet. 7-10 days after transplanting, when the rice seedlings have returned to green, stock the paddy field with healthy, well-sized crabs, 100-200 per kilogram, or 5-8 kilograms per mu. Soak the crabs in a 3%-5% saline solution for 5-10 minutes for disinfection before stocking. Feed the crabs according to their growth stage and feeding habits, 1-2 times a day. Change the water regularly, maintaining a water depth of 0.6-1 meter. Sprinkle quicklime water with a concentration of 10-15 mg / L every 10-15 days. Strengthen daily inspections to prevent predators and reduce pesticide use. S3: Application of biological fertilizer: Select effective living bacteria count ≥ 2.0×10 8 CFU / gram, and a compound biological fertilizer containing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; before transplanting rice, mix the biological fertilizer with fully decomposed organic fertilizer in a weight ratio of 1:10, and apply 20,000-30 kg per mu as base fertilizer; during the tillering and heading stages of rice, dilute the biological fertilizer 500-800 times, and spray 50,000-60 kg per mu as foliar topdressing.

2. The method for cultivating rice in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In the transplanting of pot-grown seedlings, carbendazim or benomyl is used as a seed disinfection solution, the germination temperature is controlled at 28-32° C., and the seeds are sown when more than 80% of the seeds have broken through the breast and are white.

3. The saline-alkali land rice ecological cycle stress resistance cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the rice field crab farming, the feed is selected from small fish, small shrimp, snail and clam meat, corn, wheat or special crab feed.

4. The saline-alkali land rice ecological cycle stress resistance cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Through the synergistic effects of transplanting large seedlings in pots, raising crabs in rice fields and applying biological fertilizers, an ecological circulation system is formed, soil salinity is reduced, soil fertility is improved, and high rice yield is achieved.

5. The saline-alkali land rice ecological cycle stress resistance cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the seedbed of the nursery field is 1.2 to 1.5 meters, and the length is not limited.

6. The saline-alkali land rice ecological cycle stress resistance cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the nutrient soil is 3 to 5 centimeters.

7. The saline-alkali land rice ecological cycle stress resistance cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the transplanting process of the pot-grown seedlings, the temperature of the seedbed is maintained at 25-30°C during the day and the temperature is not lower than 15°C at night.

8. The saline-alkali land rice ecological cycle stress resistance cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the rice field crab farming method, the escape prevention facility is made of plastic film or wire mesh material.

9. The saline-alkali land rice ecological cycle stress resistance cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the biological fertilizer is mixed with the organic fertilizer, it is evenly spread before the paddy field is prepared to ensure that the fertilizer is in full contact with the soil.

10. The saline-alkali land rice ecological cycle stress resistance cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When applying the biofertilizer during the rice growth period, the specific time and amount of topdressing are determined based on growth indicators such as rice leaf color and growth height.

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