Soil particle directional deposition sample preparation method and device based on magnetic / electric field regulation and control

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil particle directional deposition sample preparation method based on magnetic / electric field regulation and control, which comprises the following steps: mixing soil particles with a functional medium which is a magnetic nanoparticle dispersion liquid or a charged surfactant solution; enabling the surfaces of the soil particles to adsorb a functional medium through ultrasound or stirring to form temporarily magnetized or charged modified particles; injecting the modified particle suspension into a deposition tank, applying a magnetic field or an electric field, and regulating the long axis direction of the modified particles to a target angle; capturing a particle deposition image in real time through a monitoring system, processing the particle deposition image and calculating a particle deposition direction by utilizing an intelligent image analysis module, and feeding back and adjusting parameters of a magnetic field or an electric field according to a processing result of the intelligent image analysis module; and after deposition is completed, removing the external field to obtain the sample with the controllable deposition angle. The method can be used for accurately preparing soil particle directional deposition samples with different deposition angles, and is simple and convenient to operate and good in repeatability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of material technology, and in particular to a method and device for preparing a soil particle directional deposition sample based on magnetic / electric field regulation. Background Art

[0002] In geotechnical engineering, soil mechanical properties exhibit significant anisotropy, closely related to the orientation of soil particles. Traditional soil sample preparation methods often struggle to precisely control the orientation of soil particles, resulting in samples that fail to truly reflect the anisotropic properties of soil in actual engineering applications. This impacts the accurate study of soil mechanical properties and the reliability of engineering designs. Therefore, developing a sample preparation method and device that can precisely control the orientation of soil particles is of great practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the limitations and defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing a soil particle directional deposition sample based on magnetic / electric field regulation, comprising: Step S1: mixing soil particles with a functional medium, wherein the functional medium is a magnetic nanoparticle dispersion or a charged surfactant solution; Step S2: allowing the functional medium to be adsorbed on the surface of the soil particles by ultrasound or stirring to form temporarily magnetized or charged modified particles; Step S3: injecting the modified particle suspension into a sedimentation tank, applying a magnetic field or an electric field to adjust the long axis direction of the modified particles to a target angle; Step S4: capturing particle deposition images in real time through a monitoring system, processing the particle deposition images and calculating the particle deposition directions using an intelligent image analysis module, and adjusting the parameters of the magnetic field or electric field based on the processing results of the intelligent image analysis module; Step S5: After the deposition is completed, the external field is removed to obtain a sample with a controllable deposition angle.

[0004] Optionally, the magnetic nanoparticles of the magnetic nanoparticle dispersion are superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the particle size range of the magnetic nanoparticles is 10-50 nm, and the concentration range is 0.1%-2% w / v; the charged surfactant type of the charged surfactant solution is cationic CTAB or anionic SDBS, and the concentration range is 0.01%-1% w / v.

[0005] Optionally, the frequency range of the ultrasound is 20-100 kHz, and the use time range of the ultrasound is 10-60 min; the speed range of the stirring is 100-1000 r / min, and the action time range of the stirring is 30-120 min.

[0006] Optionally, when applying a magnetic field, the intensity range of the magnetic field is 10-100 mT, and the action time range of the magnetic field is 10-60 min; when applying an electric field, the intensity range of the electric field is 100-1000 V / m, and the action time range of the electric field is 20-120 min.

[0007] Optionally, the step of adjusting the parameters of the magnetic field or electric field according to the processing result feedback of the intelligent image analysis module includes: When it is monitored that the particle deposition direction deviates from the target angle by more than ±5°, the data acquisition and control system adjusts the parameters of the magnetic field or electric field to control the particle deposition direction to the target angle.

[0008] The present invention also provides a soil particle directional deposition sample preparation device based on magnetic / electric field control for implementing the above-mentioned preparation method, comprising: A mixing system comprising a mixing container and an ultrasonic device or a stirring device, wherein the ultrasonic device is below the mixing container and one end of the stirring device is disposed within the mixing container, and the ultrasonic device or the stirring device is used to mix soil particles with the functional medium; A sedimentation system comprising a sedimentation tank and a support structure, wherein the support structure is disposed below the sedimentation tank, the sedimentation tank is used to contain a modified particle suspension, and the support structure is used to support the sedimentation tank; A magnetic / electric field generating system, comprising a magnetic field generating device for generating a magnetic field or an electric field generating device for generating an electric field; The monitoring system includes an image capture component, an intelligent image analysis module, and a display unit. The intelligent image analysis module is connected to the image capture component and the display unit respectively. The image capture component is used to capture particle deposition images in real time. The intelligent image analysis module is used to process the particle deposition images, calculate the particle deposition direction, and transmit the data to the display unit. A data acquisition and control system, comprising a sensor, a data acquisition card, and a computer, wherein the sensor is used to measure the magnetic field / electric field strength, the data acquisition card is used to monitor soil particle deposition parameters, and the computer is used to set parameters and process data; The auxiliary system includes a temperature control system and a cleaning system. The temperature control system is used to control the temperature in the sedimentation tank, and the cleaning system is used to clean various components.

[0009] Optionally, the magnetic field generating device or electric field generating device includes a rotating permanent magnet array or electrode pair with an adjustable angle, and the adjustable angle range is 0°-360°.

[0010] Optionally, the magnetic field generating device includes an electromagnet and a power supply and a controller for providing current to the electromagnet; the electric field generating device includes an electrode plate and a high-voltage power supply and a controller for providing voltage to the electrode plate.

[0011] Optionally, the monitoring system includes a movable microscope and a high-speed camera, and the movable microscope and the high-speed camera are used to perform real-time imaging of soil particles during the deposition process.

[0012] Optionally, the data acquisition and control system is connected to a signal conversion device and the sensor respectively, the sensor is used to collect relevant parameters during the experiment in real time, and the signal conversion device is used to convert the analog signal collected by the sensor into a digital signal and transmit the digital signal to a computer.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Precise control of orientation angle: By applying a magnetic / electric field, the orientation angle of the long axis of soil particles can be precisely controlled to prepare samples with different deposition angles to meet the needs of different experimental studies, which is significantly better than natural settlement (random distribution).

[0014] 2. Easy to operate: The entire preparation process is relatively simple and easy to implement, and high-quality samples can be prepared in a relatively short time.

[0015] 3. Improve test accuracy: The prepared specimens can truly reflect the anisotropic properties of the soil, provide more accurate and reliable test data for the study of soil mechanical properties in geotechnical engineering, and help improve the safety and reliability of engineering design.

[0016] 4. Good repeatability: This method and device have good repeatability, which can ensure that samples prepared in different batches have similar directional characteristics, thereby improving the comparability of test results.

[0017] 5. Reversibility: After the external field is removed, the particles return to a free state with no residual magnetic / charged material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the ultrasonic / stirring mixing device provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure of the sedimentation trough system provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the sedimentation tank system provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a comparison diagram of the relationship between the long axis direction of the particle and the deposition angle.

[0022] Among them, the figures are marked as follows: 1-soil particles; 2-functional medium; 3-mixing container; 4-stirring equipment; 5-ultrasonic equipment; 6-sedimentation tank; 7-rotating permanent magnet array or electrode pair with adjustable angle; 8-data acquisition and control system; 9-storage / extraction solution pipeline; 10-storage solution device; 11-magnetic field or electric field; 12-sensor for measuring magnetic field / electric field strength; 13-scaler; 14-base; 15-movable microscope; 16-high-speed camera; 17-signal conversion device; 18-dial; 19-guide rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the method and device for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field regulation provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0024] This embodiment provides a method and device for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field regulation. This design scheme has good feasibility, simple operation, low cost, is suitable for laboratory one-time sample preparation, and can effectively solve the problem of difficult-to-control soil particle deposition angle.

[0025] To achieve the above objectives and the technical advantages of this embodiment, the technical solutions provided by this embodiment include: Step 1: Mix soil particles with a functional medium, such as a magnetic nanoparticle dispersion or a charged surfactant solution. The magnetic nanoparticle dispersion imparts magnetism to the soil particles, while the charged surfactant solution imparts a surface charge to the soil particles, paving the way for subsequent manipulation of soil particle alignment using magnetic or electric fields. Step 2: Ultrasonication or stirring is used to cause the functional medium to adsorb onto the surface of the soil particles, forming temporarily magnetized or charged modified particles. The purpose of ultrasonication or stirring is to ensure that the functional medium is evenly adsorbed onto the surface of the soil particles, so that each soil particle has consistent magnetic / electric properties. Step 3: Inject the modified particle suspension into the sedimentation tank and apply a magnetic field or electric field to adjust the orientation of the long axis of the particles to the target angle. Select the corresponding external field for regulation based on the functional medium used. If a magnetic nanoparticle dispersion is used, apply a magnetic field; if a charged surfactant solution is used, apply an electric field. By adjusting the intensity, direction, and duration of the external field, the orientation angle of the long axis of the soil particles can be precisely controlled. In step 4, the monitoring and feedback step, when it is detected that the particle deposition direction deviates from the target angle by more than ±5°, the data acquisition and control system automatically adjusts the magnetic / electric field parameters; Step 5: After the deposition is complete, the external field is removed, resulting in a sample with a controllable deposition angle. At this point, the soil particles have aligned and settled in the desired direction. The liquid on the deposited sample is extracted and placed in a temperature-controlled oven to dry to the target moisture content, resulting in a sample with specific anisotropic properties.

[0026] Furthermore, in step 1, the magnetic nanoparticles are superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the particle size of the magnetic nanoparticles ranges from 10 to 50 nm, and the concentration is 0.1% to 2% w / v; the surfactant type of the charged surfactant solution is cationic CTAB or anionic SDBS, and the concentration is 0.01% to 1% w / v.

[0027] Furthermore, in the step 2, the frequency of ultrasound is 20-100 kHz, and the ultrasound time is 10-60 min; the stirring speed is 100-1000 r / min, and the stirring time is 30-120 min.

[0028] Furthermore, in step three, when applying a magnetic field, the magnetic field strength ranges from 10 to 100 mT, and the magnetic field action time is 10 to 60 min; when applying an electric field, the electric field strength ranges from 100 to 1000 V / m, and the electric field action time is 20 to 120 min.

[0029] Furthermore, in the method and device for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field regulation, the mixing container is made of corrosion-resistant, transparent glass or high-strength plastic, and the sedimentation tank is made of transparent organic glass with scale.

[0030] Furthermore, in the method and device for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field regulation, a temperature control system is set in the deposition tank, and the temperature in the deposition tank is controlled within a constant range by a heating or cooling device to prevent temperature changes from affecting the deposition and orientation effects of soil particles.

[0031] Furthermore, the method and device for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field regulation include components such as a water pump, a nozzle and a cleaning liquid storage container in the deposition tank, which are used to extract excess solution and clean the mixing container, deposition tank, electrode plate and other components after each experiment to avoid residual substances affecting the next experiment.

[0032] Furthermore, the method and device for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field regulation, the magnetic field generating device or electric field generating device includes a rotating permanent magnet array or electrode pair that can be adjusted to different angles, and angle adjustment is achieved through a similar rotation method, and the selectable angle range is 0°-360°.

[0033] Furthermore, the method and device for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field regulation, the magnetic field generating device includes an electromagnet and a power supply and controller for providing current to the electromagnet; the electric field generating device includes an electrode plate and a high-voltage power supply and controller for providing voltage to the electrode plate.

[0034] Furthermore, the method and device for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field regulation, the monitoring equipment includes a high-resolution microscope, which is combined with a high-speed camera to perform real-time imaging of soil particles during the deposition process.

[0035] Furthermore, in the method and device for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field regulation, the sensors include a magnetic field sensor for measuring magnetic field strength and an electric field sensor for measuring electric field strength.

[0036] Furthermore, the method and device for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field regulation, the sedimentation tank system includes a data acquisition and control system, which is connected to the sensor to collect relevant parameters during the experiment in real time, convert the analog signal collected by the sensor into a digital signal, and transmit it to the computer.

[0037] Furthermore, the method and device for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field regulation, and the data acquisition and control system are equipped with a special control system for setting the parameters of the magnetic / electric field (intensity, direction, action time, etc.), collecting and processing sensor data, and monitoring the entire preparation process in real time.

[0038] Furthermore, the method and device for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field regulation, the data acquisition and control system, are equipped with a special control system for automatically identifying the shape, position and direction of soil particles through an image recognition algorithm, and performing quantitative analysis on the deposition direction of the particles. Based on the data obtained by the image analysis module, the feedback control unit can adjust the parameters of the magnetic / electric field (such as intensity and direction) in real time.

[0039] 1. Experimental Preparation (1) Material preparation Soil particles: Select soil particles with high purity and relatively uniform particle size, dry them to remove moisture, sieve them to obtain particles with a suitable particle size range (for example, 0.075-0.25mm), and place them in a dryer for later use.

[0040] Functional media include magnetic nanoparticle dispersions or charged surfactant solutions.

[0041] Magnetic nanoparticle dispersion: Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with a particle size of about 30-50 nm are selected and prepared into a 1.5% w / v dispersion. An appropriate amount of surfactant (such as polyethylene glycol) can be added to the dispersion to improve the dispersion stability of the nanoparticles.

[0042] Charged surfactant solution: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was selected as a cationic surfactant and prepared into a 0.5% w / v solution.

[0043] (2) Equipment preparation Mixing equipment: Prepare a 500 mL glass beaker as a mixing container equipped with a magnetic stirrer or ultrasonic cleaner.

[0044] Deposition equipment: Customize a deposition tank made of organic glass with dimensions of 100 mm in length, 100 mm in width, and 150 mm in height, with a flat bottom. At the same time, prepare a stable base to support the deposition tank.

[0045] The magnetic / electric field generating device includes a magnetic field generating device or an electric field generating device.

[0046] Magnetic field generator: This device uses an electromagnet, equipped with an adjustable current power supply and controller, capable of generating a magnetic field strength of 10-100 mT. It also includes an adjustable angle rotation device to adjust the magnetic field direction from 0° to 360°.

[0047] Electric field generating device: Prepare a pair of copper electrode plates with dimensions of 80 mm in length and 80 mm in width, equipped with a high-voltage power supply and controller that can generate an electric field strength of 100-1000 V / m, and also have a rotating device with adjustable angle.

[0048] Monitoring equipment: Install a high-resolution microscope and use a high-speed camera to quickly and real-time image the soil particles during the sedimentation process to adjust the target direction of particle deposition.

[0049] Data acquisition and control equipment: Install magnetic field sensors or electric field sensors, connect data acquisition cards and computers, and install corresponding control systems to monitor and control experimental parameters in real time, and adjust the magnetic field / electric field in real time based on the monitoring data.

[0050] Auxiliary equipment: Prepare temperature control devices (such as constant temperature water baths) and cleaning / extraction equipment (such as water pumps and nozzles).

[0051] 2. Specific implementation steps

[0052] (1) Step S1: Mixing soil particles and functional media Weigh 50 g of the treated soil particles and pour them into a 500 mL glass beaker.

[0053] Select the functional medium based on your experimental needs. If using magnetic manipulation, add 200 mL of the prepared Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticle dispersion to a beaker. If using electric field manipulation, add 200 mL of CTAB charged surfactant solution to a beaker.

[0054] (2) Step S2: Forming modified particles Ultrasonic treatment: Place the beaker containing the mixed solution in an ultrasonic cleaning machine and set the ultrasonic frequency to 40kHz for 30 minutes. During the ultrasonication process, the power of the ultrasonic cleaning machine is set to 200W to ensure that the soil particles and the functional medium are fully mixed and the functional medium is evenly adsorbed on the surface of the soil particles.

[0055] Stirring: After ultrasonication, place the beaker on a magnetic stirrer and set the stirring speed to 400 rpm for 60 minutes. During stirring, the mixture will gradually become homogenous, and the functional medium will be fully adsorbed on the surface of the soil particles, forming temporarily magnetized or charged modified particles.

[0056] (III) Step S3: Controlling the long axis direction of the particles Slowly pour the modified soil particle suspension into the sedimentation tank, taking care to avoid bubbles and disturbance.

[0057] Applying magnetic field control: If magnetic field control is used, adjust the direction of the electromagnet using a rotating device according to the target angle set in the experiment. Turn on the power supply and adjust the current to achieve a magnetic field strength of 50 mT. Set the magnetic field application time to 30 minutes. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the magnetized soil particles will gradually adjust their long axis direction to align with the magnetic field direction.

[0058] Applying an electric field: If using electric field control, adjust the electrode plate to the desired angle using a rotating mechanism. Turn on the high-voltage power supply and adjust the voltage to achieve an electric field strength of 400 V / m. Set the electric field duration to 60 minutes. The charged soil particles will gradually align along their long axes under the influence of the electric field.

[0059] (IV) Step S34: Controlling the Long Axis Direction of the Particles When applying the magnetic / electric field, the microscope and high-speed camera are turned on to synchronously perform rapid imaging of particle deposition. The monitoring signal is transmitted to the data acquisition system, and the magnetic / electric field parameters are automatically adjusted according to the pre-set particle target angle.

[0060] (V) Step S5: Obtaining the sample When the set magnetic / electric field action time is reached, the magnetic / electric field generating device and the monitoring device are turned off and the external field is removed.

[0061] Wait for the soil particles to settle naturally in the sedimentation tank for a period of time (about 2-3 hours) until the particles are completely settled.

[0062] Carefully and slowly aspirate the supernatant in the sedimentation tank, then take the deposited soil particle sample out of the sedimentation tank and place it in an oven and dry it at 60°C for 24 hours to remove excess moisture, finally obtaining a soil sample with a controllable sedimentation angle.

[0063] This embodiment provides a method and apparatus for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field control. The apparatus includes a mixing system, a deposition system, a magnetic / electric field generating system, a monitoring system, a data acquisition and control system, and an auxiliary system. The mixing system is used to mix soil particles with a functional medium such as a magnetic nanoparticle dispersion or a charged surfactant solution, and the medium is adsorbed on the surface of the soil particles through ultrasound or stirring to form modified particles. The deposition system includes a deposition tank for containing a suspension of modified particles. The magnetic / electric field generating system can generate an adjustable magnetic / electric field to act on the modified particle suspension injected into the deposition tank, adjusting the particle long axis to a target angle. The monitoring system captures particle deposition images in real time, and an intelligent image analysis module quickly processes the images, accurately calculates the particle deposition direction, and transmits the data to a display unit. The data acquisition and control system monitors and controls experimental parameters in real time. The auxiliary system ensures a stable experimental environment and is responsible for equipment cleaning. The preparation apparatus provided in this embodiment removes the external field after mixing, modification, magnetic / electric field control, and deposition, thereby obtaining a sample with a controllable deposition angle. This embodiment can accurately prepare soil particle directional deposition samples with different deposition angles, is easy to operate, and has good repeatability. It can provide a reliable basis for the study of soil mechanical properties in geotechnical engineering and meet the strict requirements of related experiments.

[0064] It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments for illustrating the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field control, characterized in that: include: Step S1: mixing soil particles with a functional medium, wherein the functional medium is a magnetic nanoparticle dispersion or a charged surfactant solution; Step S2: allowing the functional medium to be adsorbed on the surface of the soil particles by ultrasound or stirring to form temporarily magnetized or charged modified particles; Step S3: injecting the modified particle suspension into a sedimentation tank, applying a magnetic field or an electric field to adjust the long axis direction of the modified particles to a target angle; Step S4: capturing particle deposition images in real time through a monitoring system, processing the particle deposition images and calculating the particle deposition directions using an intelligent image analysis module, and adjusting the parameters of the magnetic field or electric field based on the processing results of the intelligent image analysis module; Step S5: After the deposition is completed, the external field is removed to obtain a sample with a controllable deposition angle.

2. The method for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic nanoparticles of the magnetic nanoparticle dispersion are superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the particle size range of the magnetic nanoparticles is 10-50nm, and the concentration range is 0.1%-2%w / v; the charged surfactant type of the charged surfactant solution is cationic CTAB or anionic SDBS, and the concentration range is 0.01%-1%w / v.

3. The method for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field control according to claim 2, characterized in that: The frequency range of the ultrasound is 20-100 kHz, and the application time range of the ultrasound is 10-60 min; the rotation speed range of the stirring is 100-1000 r / min, and the action time range of the stirring is 30-120 min.

4. The method for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field control according to claim 3, characterized in that: When applying a magnetic field, the intensity of the magnetic field ranges from 10-100 mT, and the action time of the magnetic field ranges from 10-60 min; when applying an electric field, the intensity of the electric field ranges from 100-1000 V / m, and the action time of the electric field ranges from 20-120 min.

5. The method for preparing soil particle directional deposition samples based on magnetic / electric field control according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the parameters of the magnetic field or electric field according to the processing result feedback of the intelligent image analysis module includes: When it is monitored that the particle deposition direction deviates from the target angle by more than ±5°, the data acquisition and control system adjusts the parameters of the magnetic field or electric field to control the particle deposition direction to the target angle.

6. A soil particle directional deposition sample preparation device based on magnetic / electric field control for implementing the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: A mixing system comprising a mixing container and an ultrasonic device or a stirring device, wherein the ultrasonic device is below the mixing container and one end of the stirring device is disposed within the mixing container, and the ultrasonic device or the stirring device is used to mix soil particles with the functional medium; A sedimentation system comprising a sedimentation tank and a support structure, wherein the support structure is disposed below the sedimentation tank, the sedimentation tank is used to contain a modified particle suspension, and the support structure is used to support the sedimentation tank; A magnetic / electric field generating system, comprising a magnetic field generating device for generating a magnetic field or an electric field generating device for generating an electric field; The monitoring system includes an image capture component, an intelligent image analysis module, and a display unit. The intelligent image analysis module is connected to the image capture component and the display unit respectively. The image capture component is used to capture particle deposition images in real time. The intelligent image analysis module is used to process the particle deposition images, calculate the particle deposition direction, and transmit the data to the display unit. A data acquisition and control system, comprising a sensor, a data acquisition card, and a computer, wherein the sensor is used to measure the magnetic field / electric field strength, the data acquisition card is used to monitor soil particle deposition parameters, and the computer is used to set parameters and process data; The auxiliary system includes a temperature control system and a cleaning system. The temperature control system is used to control the temperature in the sedimentation tank, and the cleaning system is used to clean various components.

7. The soil particle directional deposition sample preparation device based on magnetic / electric field control according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The magnetic field generating device or electric field generating device includes a rotating permanent magnet array or an electrode pair with an adjustable angle, and the adjustable angle range is 0°-360°.

8. The soil particle directional deposition sample preparation device based on magnetic / electric field control according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The magnetic field generating device includes an electromagnet and a power supply and a controller for providing current to the electromagnet; the electric field generating device includes an electrode plate and a high-voltage power supply and a controller for providing voltage to the electrode plate.

9. The soil particle directional deposition sample preparation device based on magnetic / electric field control according to claim 8, characterized in that: The monitoring system includes a movable microscope and a high-speed camera, and the movable microscope and the high-speed camera are used to perform real-time imaging of soil particles during the deposition process.

10. The soil particle directional deposition sample preparation device based on magnetic / electric field control according to claim 9, characterized in that: The data acquisition and control system is connected to the signal conversion device and the sensor respectively. The sensor is used to collect relevant parameters during the experiment in real time. The signal conversion device is used to convert the analog signal collected by the sensor into a digital signal and transmit the digital signal to the computer.

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