Engine suspension bracket calculation method and device and computer storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides an engine suspension support calculation method and device and a computer storage medium, the engine suspension support calculation method comprises the steps that a suspension support solving main file is acquired, and the suspension support solving main file comprises main models of a suspension support and load tables corresponding to the main models; inputting a target working condition into a regular expression matching model, and matching a load value from the load table corresponding to each main model; and generating a suspension bracket solving head file according to the target working condition and the matched load value. Through the mode, the limiting structure design of the actual suspension is fully considered, and the calculation precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of automation technology, and in particular to a method and device for calculating an engine mount bracket, and a computer storage medium. Background Art

[0002] The engine mount system connects the powertrain with the vehicle body and subframe, and supports the powertrain. The design of the mount system mainly considers strength and durability, requiring that the power mount bracket have sufficient strength and durability under all working conditions to avoid damage and failure.

[0003] To meet vibration isolation requirements, the mount stiffness is typically required to be nonlinear. Under high loads, the rubber stiffness increases, allowing the structure to provide a certain degree of restraint. When the load is low, the main rubber block bears the force. As the load continues to increase, the restraint rubber block begins to bear the load. At this point, the stiffness is the combined stiffness of the main and restraint rubber blocks, exhibiting nonlinearity. As the load continues to increase, the restraint rubber block bears the majority of the load. Conventional mount load decomposition accounts for the nonlinearity of the mount stiffness and outputs the load (Fi) and displacement (Di) at the mount connection. However, this does not consider the actual restraint structure design of the mount and cannot be directly used as load input for mount strength analysis; conversion is required. Typical power mount load cases include up to 35, including typical, extreme, and misuse conditions. Furthermore, engine mounts are available in three configurations: left, right, and rear. Given these considerations, generating loads by permuting and combining each mount is inefficient and subject to significant human error. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application proposes an engine suspension bracket calculation method, which includes: obtaining a suspension bracket solution main file, wherein the suspension bracket solution main file includes a main model of the suspension bracket and a load table corresponding to each main model; inputting the target working condition into a regular expression matching model, and matching the load value from the load table corresponding to each main model; generating a suspension bracket solution header file based on the target working condition and the matched load value.

[0005] The main model includes an engine end and a vehicle body side end, and the load tables corresponding to the main models include an engine end load table and a vehicle body side load table. Inputting the target operating condition into the regular expression matching model and matching load values ​​from the load tables corresponding to the main models includes: inputting the target operating condition into the regular expression matching model, matching the main rubber block load value from the engine end load table, and matching the limit rubber block load value from the vehicle body side load table.

[0006] The main rubber block load value and / or the limit rubber block load value are encoded by node numbers in six directions, wherein the six directions include positive X direction, positive Y direction, positive Z direction, negative X direction, negative Y direction, and negative Z direction.

[0007] The main model of the engine end includes the main model of the left suspension of the engine end, the main model of the right suspension of the engine end, and the rear model of the left suspension of the engine end. The main rubber block load value includes the main rubber block left suspension load value, the main rubber block right suspension load value, and the main rubber block left suspension load value.

[0008] Among them, before inputting the target working condition into the regular expression matching model and matching the load values ​​from the load tables corresponding to the main models, the engine mount bracket calculation method also includes: searching for keywords of the target working condition in the load tables corresponding to the main models; and in response to not finding the keywords of the target working condition, reporting an error and ending.

[0009] Among them, the target working condition is input into the regular expression matching model, and the load values ​​are matched from the load tables corresponding to the main models respectively, including: matching the column or row where the target working condition is located in the load table corresponding to the main model through a regular expression; and extracting the remaining load values ​​in the column or row where the target working condition is located in the load table.

[0010] Among them, after inputting the target working condition into the regular expression matching model and matching the load values ​​from the load tables corresponding to the main models respectively, the engine suspension bracket calculation method also includes: determining the limit block loading point or the main spring loading point based on the positive and negative signs of the load values.

[0011] Among them, the obtaining of the suspension bracket solution main file includes: extracting the suspension bracket load table, suspension bracket displacement table, and engine end stiffness table in the suspension bracket solution main file; calculating the engine end load table based on the engine end stiffness table and the suspension bracket displacement table; and calculating the vehicle body side end load table based on the suspension bracket load table and the engine end load table.

[0012] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application proposes an engine mount bracket calculation device, which includes a memory and a processor coupled to the memory; wherein the memory is used to store program data, and the processor is used to execute the program data to implement the above engine mount bracket calculation method.

[0013] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application proposes a computer storage medium, which is used to store program data. When the program data is executed by a computer, it is used to implement the above engine mount bracket calculation method.

[0014] Compared to existing technologies, the present invention has the following advantages: the engine mount calculation device obtains a mount solution master file, which includes the mount's main model and the corresponding load tables for each main model; inputs the target operating condition into a regular expression matching model, and matches load values ​​from the load tables corresponding to each main model; and generates a mount solution header file based on the target operating condition and the matched load values. This approach considers the actual mount's limit structure design, distinguishes between the main rubber block load and the limit rubber block load, and improves calculation accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a first embodiment of the engine mount bracket calculation method provided by this application;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the engine mount bracket provided by this application;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a second embodiment of the engine mount bracket calculation method provided by this application;

[0019] Figure 4 It is the suspension bracket load table provided in this application;

[0020] Figure 5 It is the suspension bracket displacement table provided in this application;

[0021] Figure 6 It is the engine end stiffness table provided in the application;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of an engine mount bracket calculation device provided by the present application;

[0023] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of an embodiment of a computer storage medium provided by this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] This application aims to solve the problem of long time, high repetitiveness and low efficiency in the manual addition of different loads for each main rubber block and limit rubber block in the left, right and rear three suspension brackets of the engine under all working conditions during the strength calculation of the power suspension bracket.

[0026] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this application proposes an engine mount bracket calculation method. In this embodiment, the engine mount bracket calculation method is applied to an engine mount bracket calculation device. The engine mount bracket calculation device can be a server or a system comprising a server and a local terminal. Accordingly, the various components of the engine mount bracket calculation device, such as the various units, subunits, modules, and submodules, can be entirely located in the server or separately located in the server and the local terminal.

[0027] Furthermore, the aforementioned server can be either hardware or software. When the server is hardware, it can be implemented as a distributed server cluster consisting of multiple servers, or as a single server. When the server is software, it can be implemented as multiple software programs or software modules, such as software or software modules used to provide distributed servers, or as a single software program or software module, without specific limitation herein. In some possible implementations, the engine mount bracket calculation method of the embodiment of the present application can be implemented by a processor invoking computer-readable instructions stored in a memory.

[0028] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the first embodiment of the engine mount bracket calculation method provided in this application.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0030] Step S11: Obtain the suspension bracket solution main file.

[0031] The main suspension bracket solver file is a core calculation program used to analyze and optimize suspension bracket structures. Its main functions include, but are not limited to, establishing finite element models, applying loads and boundary conditions, calculating strength and stiffness, and outputting key metrics such as stress, displacement, and safety factor. This file integrates material properties, geometric parameters, and operating condition data to evaluate bracket performance through finite element analysis, providing optimization recommendations for suspension system design and structural improvements.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present application, the main file for solving the suspension bracket includes the main model of the suspension bracket and the load table corresponding to each main model.

[0033] Load is a term in engineering and physics that refers to the external force, weight or load applied to an object, structure or system.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The main model includes an engine end and a vehicle body side end, and the load tables corresponding to each main model include an engine end load table and a vehicle body side end load table.

[0035] The main model is used to establish the geometry, material parameters, and constraints, while the load data provides the stress conditions under different working conditions. In ABAQUS simulation, the main analysis file (inp file) is directly read by the ABAQUS / Standard or ABAQUS / Explicit solvers. It contains the complete model definition and solution instructions.

[0036] This application proposes an embodiment, the engine mount bracket calculation uses the engine end stiffness table and the mount bracket displacement table in the solver main file to calculate the engine end load table. Figure 3 , Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the second embodiment of the engine mount bracket calculation method provided in this application.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0038] Step S21: extracting the suspension bracket load table, suspension bracket displacement table, and engine end stiffness table from the suspension bracket solution main file.

[0039] like Figure 4-6 As shown, Figure 4 This is the suspension bracket load table provided in this application, Figure 5 This is the suspension bracket displacement table provided in this application, Figure 6 This is the engine end stiffness table provided in the application.

[0040] Step S22: Calculating an engine end load table based on the engine end stiffness table and the suspension bracket displacement table.

[0041] The main rubber block is always in the linear stiffness stage. The main rubber block load fi is obtained by multiplying the linear stiffness (Ki) of the main rubber block by the suspension displacement (Di).

[0042] The engine mount bracket calculation device subtracts the main rubber block load from the load at the mount connection to obtain the limit rubber block load (li). For details, see formula (10.9) and formula (10.10).

[0043] f i =K i *D i ,i=x,y,z (10.9)

[0044] l i =F i -f i ,i=x,y,z (10.10)

[0045] Step S23: Calculating a vehicle body side load table based on the suspension bracket load table and the engine end load table.

[0046] The suspension loads are divided into three structures: left, rear, and right. Each structure is divided into two types: engine end and frame end. Therefore, this application designs six calculation models. Use any finite element software to perform mesh discretization on each model, create constraint boundary conditions, and output the main solution file in ABAQUS format.

[0047] Step S12: input the target working condition into the regular expression matching model, and match the load value from the load table corresponding to each main model respectively.

[0048] The target working condition refers to the specific load conditions and working conditions that the suspension bracket needs to meet in actual use.

[0049] The main model of the engine end includes the main model of the left suspension of the engine end, the main model of the right suspension of the engine end, and the rear model of the left suspension of the engine end. The main rubber block load value includes the main rubber block left suspension load value, the main rubber block right suspension load value, and the main rubber block left suspension load value.

[0050] Specifically, the engine mount bracket calculation device inputs the target operating condition parameters into a preconfigured regular expression matching model.

[0051] The engine mount bracket calculation device automatically extracts and classifies load characteristics through a pattern recognition algorithm, achieving intelligent mapping of operating parameters and finite element solution conditions. This provides standardized input for mount bracket structural analysis and supports format conversion of dynamic load spectra and automatic matching of boundary conditions, ensuring the accuracy of parameter transfer and computational efficiency during multi-operating condition analysis.

[0052] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the engine mount bracket calculation device matches the column or row of the target working condition in the load table corresponding to the main model through a regular expression; and extracts the remaining load values ​​in the column or row of the load table.

[0053] Specifically, the engine mount bracket calculation device uses regular expression intelligent matching technology to accurately locate the data column or data row corresponding to the target working condition in the load table associated with the main model.

[0054] Based on the matching results, the engine mount bracket calculation device automatically extracts all relevant load parameters under the working condition, including but not limited to the forces in the three translational directions (X / Y / Z) and the torque values ​​in the three rotational directions (Rx / Ry / Rz), enabling rapid retrieval and call of multi-dimensional load data.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present application, the engine mount bracket calculation device inputs the target working condition into the regular expression matching model, matches the main rubber block load value from the engine end load table, and matches the limit rubber block load value from the vehicle body side end load table.

[0056] Specifically, the engine mount bracket calculation device extracts the six-directional load parameters (FX / FY / FZ / MX / MY / MZ) of the main rubber block from the engine-end load table through regular pattern recognition, and simultaneously matches the dynamic contact force and torque of the limit rubber block from the vehicle body side load table.

[0057] A dual-check mechanism ensures the spatiotemporal synchronization of the two sets of load data, providing precise boundary condition input for nonlinear coupling analysis of the suspension system. This matching process supports the parallel processing of multiple load parameters, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of data extraction under complex loading conditions.

[0058] The main rubber block load value and / or the limit rubber block load value are encoded by node numbers in six directions, wherein the six directions include positive X direction, positive Y direction, positive Z direction, negative X direction, negative Y direction, and negative Z direction.

[0059] Specifically, the engine mount bracket calculation device stipulates that the engine end load is the main rubber block load fi, the application node number is 1, and the vehicle body side load is the limit rubber block load li, the application node number is 4-9, where 4 indicates that the load is positive in the X direction, 5 indicates that the load is negative in the X direction, 6 indicates that the load is positive in the Y direction, 7 indicates that the load is negative in the Y direction, 8 indicates that the load is positive in the Z direction, and 9 indicates that the load is negative in the Z direction.

[0060] In this embodiment, the engine mount calculation device intelligently analyzes the target operating conditions using a regular expression matching model. After accurately extracting the six-degree-of-freedom load parameters from the load tables associated with each master model, the device automatically determines the force direction based on the positive and negative sign characteristics of the load values. When the load value is positive, the system distributes the load to the main spring loading point to analyze the stiffness characteristics of the main vibration system; when the load value is negative, it automatically switches to the limit block loading point to calculate contact nonlinearity under impact conditions. A sign discrimination algorithm enables intelligent identification of the active and passive loading paths of the mount system, ensuring accurate application of boundary conditions under dual-modal loading conditions and effectively improving the computational accuracy of complex operating condition simulations.

[0061] This application distinguishes the main rubber block load and the limit rubber block load, pre-prepare a load table, determines the limit block loading point according to the positive and negative load values, and batch outputs the calculation header files. The automated method can significantly shorten the modeling time and improve work efficiency.

[0062] In one embodiment of the application, the engine suspension bracket calculation device inputs the target working condition into the regular expression matching model, and after matching the load values ​​from the load tables corresponding to each main model, the engine suspension bracket calculation device determines the limit block loading point or the main spring loading point based on the positive and negative signs of the load values.

[0063] The engine mount bracket calculation device defines the column to the left of the "LEFT main spring" column as a serial number column, and cyclically checks whether the serial number column contains the LOAD / MAX / MIN keywords.

[0064] Step S13: Generate a suspension bracket solution header file based on the target working condition and the matched load value.

[0065] Among them, the solution header file is the ABAQUS solution header file (Header File), which refers to the beginning of the dat file or msg file, contains the basic information and initial settings of the solution, and is the header information of the inp file.

[0066] Create an INP file for each main rubber block and limit rubber block for each object in the left, right, and rear loops. Fill the file with the pre-programmed main and limit rubber block information. Enter the values ​​for the main spring column in the three directions of the loading point. Filter and fill in the values ​​for the other three directions based on the load filtering rules for the limit block loading point.

[0067] The automated suspension load generation method proposed in this application is based on the Python language. Based on the existing ABAQUS solver master file, the include keyword index is used to generate an ABAQUS solver header file for each suspension bracket under all working conditions. By intelligently embedding the include keyword index mechanism in the ABAQUS solver master file, the rapid construction of the suspension bracket analysis model under multiple working conditions is achieved. Specifically, the system first parses the input load spectrum database, and then automatically generates an ABAQUS solver header file containing complete boundary conditions, material properties, and load parameters for each suspension bracket under different working conditions, and dynamically associates it with the master solver file through the include directive.

[0068] This application not only retains the core algorithm of the original main file, but also realizes the efficient configuration of load conditions through parametric template technology, significantly improving the modeling efficiency and accuracy of suspension system simulation analysis under complex working conditions, and is particularly suitable for multi-working condition strength verification and optimization design of automobile chassis components.

[0069] Furthermore, the present application aims to create an efficient and high-precision suspension bracket load production method based on the Python language, distinguish the main rubber block load and the limit rubber block load, pre-prepare a load table, determine the limit block loading point according to the positive and negative load values, and batch output calculation header files. The automated method can significantly shorten the modeling time and improve work efficiency.

[0070] In one embodiment of the present application, a keyword of the target working condition is searched in the load table corresponding to each main model; in response to not finding the keyword of the target working condition, an error is reported and the process ends.

[0071] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the engine mount bracket calculation device responds to the user inputting the main model and load table and clicking the "Generate Working Condition Header File" button, checks whether the number of main models is correct and whether the load table path correctly points to an existing file. If not, an error is reported and the process is terminated. A regular expression is used to match the combination of main model keywords. After that, it is checked again whether all main models exist. If any model does not exist, an error is reported and the process is terminated, thereby ensuring the integrity of the generated solution header file.

[0072] In order to implement the engine mount bracket calculation method of the above embodiment, this application also provides an engine mount bracket calculation device, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of an engine mount bracket calculation device provided in this application.

[0073] like Figure 7 As shown, the engine mount bracket calculation device 600 of this embodiment includes a processor 61 , a memory 62 , an input and output device 63 , and a bus 64 .

[0074] The processor 61 , the memory 62 , and the input / output device 63 are respectively connected to the bus 64 . The memory 62 stores a computer program, and the processor 61 is used to execute the computer program to implement the engine mount bracket calculation method of the above embodiment.

[0075] In this embodiment, the processor 61 may also be referred to as a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The processor 61 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. The processor 61 may also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component. The processor 61 may also be a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), also known as a display core, visual processor, or display chip. This is a microprocessor specifically designed for image processing on computers, workstations, game consoles, and some mobile devices (such as tablets and smartphones). The purpose of a GPU is to convert and drive the display information required by the computer system and provide horizontal scanning signals to the display to control the correct display of the display. It is a key component connecting the display to the computer motherboard. A graphics card, as a key component of a computer host, is responsible for outputting display graphics. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor 61 may be any conventional processor.

[0076] This application also provides a computer storage medium, such as Figure 8 As shown, the computer storage medium 700 is used to store a computer program 71. When the computer program 71 is executed by the processor, it is used to implement the method described in the embodiment of the engine mount bracket calculation method of the present application.

[0077] The methods involved in the embodiments of the engine mount bracket calculation method of the present application, when implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, can be stored in a device, such as a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or a processor to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0078] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods and devices can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device implementation methods described above are only schematic. For example, the division of modules or units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0079] Units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0080] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into a single processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0081] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes a number of instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or a processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of each embodiment of the present application.

[0082] The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the description and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating an engine mount bracket, characterized in that: The engine mount bracket calculation method includes: Obtaining a main file for solving the suspension bracket, wherein the main file for solving the suspension bracket includes a main model of the suspension bracket and a load table corresponding to each main model; Input the target working condition into the regular expression matching model, and match the load value from the load table corresponding to each main model respectively; The target working condition and the matched load value are used to generate a suspension bracket solution header file.

2. The engine mount bracket calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main model includes an engine end and a vehicle body side end, and the load tables corresponding to each main model include an engine end load table and a vehicle body side end load table; The target working condition is input into the regular expression matching model, and the load values ​​are matched from the load tables corresponding to the main models respectively, including: The target working condition is input into the regular expression matching model, and the main rubber block load value is matched from the engine end load table, and the limit rubber block load value is matched from the vehicle body side end load table.

3. The engine mount bracket calculation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main rubber block load value and / or the limit rubber block load value are encoded by node numbers in six directions, wherein the six directions include positive X direction, positive Y direction, positive Z direction, negative X direction, negative Y direction, and negative Z direction.

4. The engine mount bracket calculation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main model of the engine end includes the engine end left suspension main model, the engine end right suspension main model, and the engine end left suspension rear model. The main rubber block load value includes the main rubber block left suspension load value, the main rubber block right suspension load value, and the main rubber block left suspension load value.

5. The engine mount bracket calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before inputting the target working condition into the regular expression matching model and matching the load values ​​from the load tables corresponding to the main models, the engine mount bracket calculation method further includes: Searching for keywords of the target working condition in the load tables corresponding to the main models; In response to not finding the keyword for the target operating condition, an error is reported and the process ends.

6. The engine mount bracket calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target working condition is input into the regular expression matching model, and the load values ​​are matched from the load tables corresponding to the main models respectively, including: Matching the column or row of the target working condition in the load table corresponding to the main model by using a regular expression; Extract the remaining load values ​​in the column or row of the load table.

7. The engine mount bracket calculation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: After inputting the target working condition into the regular expression matching model and matching the load values ​​from the load tables corresponding to the main models, the engine mount bracket calculation method further includes: The limit block loading point or the main spring loading point is determined based on the positive and negative signs of the load values.

8. The engine mount bracket calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining the main file for solving the suspension bracket includes: Extracting the suspension bracket load table, suspension bracket displacement table, and engine end stiffness table from the suspension bracket solution master file; Calculating an engine end load table based on the engine end stiffness table and the suspension bracket displacement table; A vehicle body side end load table is calculated based on the suspension bracket load table and the engine end load table.

9. An engine mount bracket calculation device, characterized in that: The engine mount bracket computing device includes a memory and a processor coupled to the memory; The memory is used to store program data, and the processor is used to execute the program data to implement the engine suspension bracket calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that The computer storage medium is used to store program data, and when the program data is executed by a computer, it is used to implement the engine mount bracket calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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