A corn threshing device with layered screening

Abstract

The present invention discloses a corn threshing device with a layered screen, belonging to the field of corn harvesting machinery. The device comprises a grain drum top cover, a spiral feed head lower cover, a threshing drum, a damping concave plate screen, a fixed concave plate screen, and a debris removal plate. The spiral feed head lower cover is arranged on the front side of the threshing drum top cover, the diagonal rods are spirally distributed in the front middle section of the threshing drum, the threshing spikes are spirally distributed at the rear end of the threshing drum, the damping concave plate screen is arranged in a mirror image below the threshing drum, and the fixed concave plate screen is arranged below the threshing drum. When the drum rotates, the wear-resistant rubber on the threshing diagonal rods effectively cushions the impact of the grains and generates airflow toward the rear end of the drum, causing materials of different densities to be layered. The guide plate on the top cover guides debris such as husks and core shafts to be quickly discharged in an inclined direction. The stepped circular tube on the damping concave plate screen rotates when impacted by the discharged objects, thereby absorbing part of the impact energy and effectively preventing secondary collisions, thereby achieving low-loss and high-efficiency threshing of corn.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of corn harvesting machinery, in particular to a corn threshing device with layered screening. Background Art

[0002] Corn, a staple crop, ranks first in both cultivated area and total production. Corn kernel harvesting machinery can complete the ear picking, threshing, and sorting operations in a single operation, significantly improving harvesting efficiency and quality while reducing kernel damage from secondary processing. This plays a crucial role in implementing the strategy of grain conservation and loss reduction and promoting the high-quality development of the corn industry. The threshing process is a critical step in direct corn kernel harvesting, but kernel damage caused by mechanized threshing has become a key bottleneck restricting corn harvest quality. During the threshing process, the kernels are detached from the cob by the kneading action of the stalks and passed through the concave screen. The larger cob and husks are then transported backward by the stalks. As the feed rate increases, the accumulation of corn waste in the threshing chamber increases, preventing the detached kernels from passing through the screen in time. These kernels are then dragged and subjected to multiple kneading and collisions, significantly increasing the kernel breakage rate. Furthermore, the airflow generated by the high-speed rotation of the drum causes the husks to adhere to the inner side of the screen, reducing the effective screening area for the kernels and further exacerbating the problem of multiple kernel collisions. To optimize the distribution of corn kernels within the threshing chamber, Chinese invention patent CN 113424699 B discloses a harvester with adaptive uniform distribution of corn kernels and its adjustment method. Using a pressure sensor and a concave screen control unit, the system dynamically adjusts the threshing gaps at various locations in the threshing chamber based on pressure signals to improve corn kernel distribution. However, this technology is complex to implement and cannot address the problem of corn husks obstructing kernels from passing through the sieve. Therefore, developing a new threshing device that can achieve stratification of corn kernels, promote rapid kernel sieve passage, and accelerate the removal of debris is of great significance for reducing the probability of secondary collisions, minimizing corn kernel damage, and improving the quality of corn harvesting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a corn threshing device with layered screening, which can achieve stratification of corn threshing products through the combined action of mechanics and airflow, realize rapid screening of kernels, and accelerate the discharge of debris, so as to solve the problem of damage of corn kernels caused by multiple collisions in the existing threshing process and effectively improve the quality of corn harvesting operations.

[0004] A corn threshing device with layered screening comprises a threshing drum top cover, a spiral feeding head lower cover, a threshing drum, a damping concave plate screen, a fixed concave plate screen and a debris removal plate, wherein the spiral feeding head lower cover is arranged on the front side of the threshing drum top cover, the damping concave plate screen is arranged in a mirror image below the threshing drum top cover, the fixed concave plate screen is arranged below the threshing drum top cover and behind the two damping concave plate screens, the debris removal plate is arranged at the tail end of the fixed concave plate screen, and the threshing drum is rotatably arranged inside a cylindrical structure composed of the threshing drum top cover, the spiral feeding head lower cover, the damping concave plate screen and the fixed concave plate screen.

[0005] The threshing drum top cover comprises a shell, a guide plate and a supporting main beam. The guide plate is tilted and evenly distributed on the inner side arch of the shell, and the supporting main beam is arranged on both sides of the shell.

[0006] The threshing drum includes a drum spline shaft, a spiral feeding head, a drum body, a threshing diagonal rod, threshing spikes, a discharge plate and a drum shaft. The spiral feeding head is composed of an outer shell and a spiral guide plate wound around the outer circle of the outer shell. The spiral feeding head is arranged at the front end of the drum body, the drum spline shaft is arranged at the front end of the spiral feeding head, the threshing diagonal rod is spirally distributed in the front middle section of the drum body, the threshing spikes are spirally distributed in the rear section of the drum body, the discharge plates are evenly distributed at the tail of the drum body, and the drum shaft is installed at the tail end of the drum body.

[0007] The damping concave plate screen includes a grooved screen plate, a concave plate long beam, a stepped circular tube and a damping bearing. The grooved screen plate is arranged on both sides of the concave plate long beam, the damping bearing is arranged at the groove of the grooved screen plate, and both ends of the stepped circular tube are arranged in the damping bearing. The damping concave plate screen and the threshing diagonal rods spirally distributed in the front middle section of the cylinder constitute a layered threshing section.

[0008] The fixed concave plate screen includes a screen plate, a concave plate short beam and a short round tube. The screen plate is arranged on both sides of the concave plate short beam, and the short round tube is arranged at the arc of the screen plate. The fixed concave plate screen and the threshing nail teeth spirally distributed on the rear section of the cylinder constitute a separation section.

[0009] The debris removal plate is installed at the screen plate installation hole, and the debris removal plate and the discharge plates evenly distributed at the tail of the cylinder form a debris removal section.

[0010] The guide plate is crescent-shaped and is welded obliquely to the inner side of the shell, with the oblique direction being consistent with the flow direction of the discharged matter.

[0011] Long beam ears are welded on both sides of the concave plate long beam, and the long beam ears are connected to the supporting main beam through long beam lifting eye bolts. The groove screen plate is welded in parallel on both sides of the concave plate long beam, and the damping bearing is installed in the groove of the groove screen plate through a retaining spring. The stage stages on both sides of the stepped circular tube are arranged in the damping bearing. The damping concave plate screen mirror image is arranged below the threshing drum and is fixed by bolts at the groove screen plate mounting hole. Short beam ears are welded on both sides of the concave plate short beam, and the short beam ears are connected to the supporting main beam through short beam lifting eye bolts.

[0012] The threshing diagonal bar comprises a bar fixing seat, a diagonal bar and a wear-resistant rubber plate. The bar fixing seat is welded to the outside of the cylinder, the diagonal bar is installed on the bar fixing seat by bolts, and the wear-resistant rubber plate is installed at the rear end ear of the bar fixing seat by bolts.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0014] The threshing rods of this device adopt twill rods with wear-resistant rubber. The wear-resistant rubber material can effectively cushion the impact of corn ears during the rubbing process of the rods, reduce the collision momentum of the kernels, and thus reduce the degree of damage to the kernels. At the same time, the inclined arrangement of the twill rods enables the high-speed rotation of the drum to generate airflow in the discharge direction, which promotes the natural stratification of materials of different densities, realizes the rapid screening of corn kernels and the efficient separation of impurities, and effectively improves the threshing quality and operation efficiency.

[0015] The damping concave screen of this device adopts stepped circular tubes and damping bearings. Compared with the fixed concave screen, when the corn extrusion hits the concave screen, the stepped circular tubes rotate moderately. The rotational resistance can be achieved by adjusting the damping coefficient of the damping bearing, so that the damping bearing can absorb part of the impact energy and reduce the impact momentum of the extrusion, thereby effectively reducing the degree of damage to the corn kernels.

[0016] This device adopts a drum top cover with a guide plate. The guide plate adopts a crescent-shaped inclined design. Its inclination direction is consistent with the direction of material flow, guiding the rapid discharge of debris such as husks and core shafts, effectively preventing the accumulation and blockage of materials in the threshing chamber, ensuring that the kernels pass through the screen quickly, reducing the probability of multiple collisions of corn kernels, and effectively improving the quality of corn after threshing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a half-section top cover of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the threshing drum top cover of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the threshing drum of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the concave plate screen structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the damping concave plate screen structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the fixed concave plate screen structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 It is an exploded view of the threshing diagonal rod structure of the present invention.

[0024] The accompanying drawings are denoted as follows:

[0025] 1. Threshing drum cover; 101. Shell; 102. Guide plate; 103. Support beam; 2. Screw feed head lower cover; 3. Threshing drum; 301. Drum spline shaft; 302. Screw feed head; 303. Drum body; 304. Threshing twill rod; 3041. Twill rod fixing seat; 3042. Twill rod; 3043. Wear-resistant rubber plate; 305. Threshing spikes; 306. Discharge Plate; 307, drum shaft; 4, damping concave plate screen; 401, grooved sieve plate; 402, concave plate long beam; 4021, long beam lifting ear; 4022, eyebolt; 403, stepped circular tube; 404, damping bearing; 5, fixed concave plate screen; 501, sieve plate; 502, concave plate short beam; 5021, short beam lifting ear; 5022, eyebolt; 503, short circular tube; 6, debris removal plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] See also Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a layered and screened corn threshing device comprises a threshing drum top cover 1, a spiral feeding head lower cover 2, a threshing drum 3, a damping concave plate screen 4, a fixed concave plate screen 5 and a debris removal plate 6. The spiral feeding head lower cover 2 is arranged on the front side of the threshing drum top cover 1; the damping concave plate screen 4 is arranged in a mirror image below the threshing drum 3, the fixed concave plate screen 5 is arranged below the threshing drum 3, and the debris removal plate 6 is arranged at the tail end of the fixed concave plate screen 5.

[0027] The threshing drum top cover 1 includes a shell 101, a guide plate 102 and a supporting main beam 103. The guide plate 102 is crescent-shaped and is welded obliquely on the inner side of the shell 101. The inclination direction is consistent with the flow direction of the threshing material, guiding the bracts, core shafts and other debris to be discharged quickly along the inclination direction. The supporting main beam 103 is installed on both sides of the shell to support the hanging concave plate screen.

[0028] The threshing drum 3 includes a drum spline shaft 301, a spiral feeding head 302, a cylinder 303, a threshing diagonal rod 304, threshing spikes 305, a discharge plate 306 and a drum shaft 307. The spiral feeding head 302 is arranged at the front end of the cylinder 303, the drum spline shaft 301 is arranged at the front end of the spiral feeding head 302, the threshing diagonal rod 304 is spirally distributed in the front and middle sections of the cylinder 303, the threshing spikes 305 are spirally distributed in the rear section of the cylinder 303, the discharge plates 306 are evenly distributed at the tail end of the cylinder 303, and the drum shaft 307 is installed at the tail end of the cylinder 303.

[0029] The spiral feeding head 302 is composed of an outer shell and a spiral guide plate wound around the outer circle of the outer shell, which is welded to the front end of the barrel 303 to realize the forced feeding and transportation of corn ears. The roller spline shaft 301 is fixed to the threaded hole at the front end of the spiral feeding head through a flange and bolts for inputting roller power. The roller shaft 307 is fixed to the threaded hole at the rear end of the barrel through a flange and bolts for supporting the roller. The threshing diagonal rod 304 is welded to the outside of the barrel 3 and forms a layered threshing section with the damping concave plate screen 4; the threshing spike teeth 305 are welded to the outside of the barrel 3 and form a separation section with the fixed concave plate screen 5 to stir and separate the threshed material, so that the grains entrained in the material flow can pass through the material flow; the discharge plate 306 is welded to the outside of the barrel 3 and forms a discharge section with the impurity discharge plate 6, so that the impurities are quickly discharged to avoid material blockage;

[0030] The threshing twill rod 304 includes a rod fixing seat 3041, a twill rod 3042 and a wear-resistant rubber plate 3043; the rod fixing seat 3041 is welded to the outside of the cylinder 303, the twill rod 3042 is installed on the fixing seat by bolts, and the wear-resistant rubber plate 3043 is installed at the rear end ear of the rod fixing seat 3041 by bolts; when the threshing drum rotates, the wear-resistant rubber plate 3043 on the twill rod 3042 squeezes the air to generate an airflow toward the tail end of the drum, causing lighter miscellaneous materials such as the bract core shaft to move backward quickly, causing materials of different densities to be layered, and at the same time, the wear-resistant rubber plate 3043 on the twill rod 3042 absorbs the impact of the ear during the rubbing process of the twill rod, reducing the collision momentum of the grains, thereby reducing the degree of damage to the corn grains.

[0031] The damping concave plate screen 4 includes a grooved sieve plate 401, a concave plate long beam 402, a stepped circular tube 403 and a damping bearing 404. The grooved sieve plate 401 is welded in parallel on both sides of the concave plate long beam 402. The damping bearing 404 is arranged at the groove of the grooved sieve plate 401. Both ends of the stepped circular tube 403 are installed in the damping bearing 404. The damping concave plate screen 4 is arranged in a mirror image and is fixed by bolts at the mounting holes of the grooved sieve plate 401 to form a layered threshing section. The fixed concave plate screen 5 includes a sieve plate 501, a concave plate short beam 502 and a short circular tube 503. The sieve plate 501 is installed on both sides of the concave plate short beam 502, and the short circular tube 503 is installed at the arc of the sieve plate 501.

[0032] Lifting ears are welded on both sides of the concave plate long beam 402, and the long beam lifting ears 4021 are connected to the supporting main beam 103 by eye bolts 4022. The gap between the concave plates in the layered threshing section is adjusted by adjusting the feed amount of the eye bolts 4022; lifting ears are welded on both sides of the concave plate short beam 502, and the short beam lifting ears 5021 are connected to the supporting main beam 103 by eye bolts 5022. The gap between the concave plates in the separation section is adjusted by adjusting the feed amount of the eye bolts 5022;

[0033] When the ejected material hits the damping concave screen 4 in the layered threshing section, the stepped circular tube 403 rotates moderately, thereby absorbing part of the impact energy. Its rotational resistance can be achieved by adjusting the damping coefficient of the damping bearing 404, so that the impact momentum of the ejected material is reduced, thereby effectively reducing the degree of damage to the corn kernels.

[0034] Working principle and process of the present invention:

[0035] See also Figures 1 to 7 As shown, when working, corn ears are fed into the device through the feed port on the top cover 1 of the threshing drum, and the external power drives the threshing drum 3 to rotate through the drum spline shaft 301. The corn ears first contact the spiral feeding head 302, and the spiral feeding head 302 transports the corn ears backward to the layered threshing section. Under the cooperation of the threshing diagonal rod 304 and the damping concave plate screen 4, the corn ears are threshed. When the threshing drum 3 rotates, the wear-resistant rubber plate 3043 on the diagonal rod 3042 squeezes the air to generate an airflow toward the tail end of the drum, so that lighter miscellaneous materials such as the husk core shaft move backward quickly, so that materials of different densities are layered. At the same time, the wear-resistant rubber plate 3043 on the diagonal rod 3042 absorbs the impact of the ears during the rubbing process of the diagonal rod, reduces the collision momentum of the grains, and when the threshing drum 3 rotates, the wear-resistant rubber plate 3043 on the diagonal rod 3042 absorbs the impact of the ears during the rubbing process of the diagonal rod, reduces the collision momentum of the grains, and When the discharge hits the damping concave screen 4 in the stratified threshing section, the stepped circular tube 403 rotates moderately, thereby absorbing part of the impact energy. Its rotational resistance can be achieved by adjusting the damping coefficient of the damping bearing 404, so that the impact momentum of the discharge is reduced, thereby reducing the degree of damage to the corn kernels. The core shaft and bracts after threshing are quickly discharged in an inclined direction under the guidance of the guide plate 102. During the threshing process, some corn kernels will be entrained in the bracts. When the bracts entrained with corn kernels are transported to the separation section, the threshing spikes 305 stir and separate the bracts entrained with corn kernels, so that the corn kernels are separated from the bracts. The corn kernels enter the collection device from the fixed concave screen 5, and finally the bracts and core shaft enter the discharge section composed of the discharge plate 306 and the impurity removal plate 6, and are quickly discharged to avoid material blockage.

[0036] The above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A corn threshing device with layered screening, characterized by: The invention comprises a threshing drum top cover (1), a spiral feeding head lower cover (2), a threshing drum (3), a damping concave plate screen (4), a fixed concave plate screen (5) and a debris removal plate (6), wherein the spiral feeding head lower cover (2) is arranged at the front side of the threshing drum top cover (1), the damping concave plate screen (4) is arranged in a mirror image below the threshing drum top cover (1), the fixed concave plate screen (5) is arranged below the threshing drum top cover (1) and behind the two damping concave plate screens (4), the debris removal plate (6) is arranged at the tail end of the fixed concave plate screen (5), and the threshing drum (3) is rotatably arranged inside a cylindrical structure composed of the threshing drum top cover (1), the spiral feeding head lower cover (2), the damping concave plate screen (4) and the fixed concave plate screen (5); The threshing drum (3) comprises a drum spline shaft (301), a spiral feeding head (302), a drum body (303), a threshing diagonal rod (304), threshing spikes (305), a discharge plate (306) and a drum shaft (307). The spiral feeding head (302) is composed of an outer shell and a spiral guide plate wound around the outer circle of the outer shell. The spiral feeding head (302) is arranged at the front end of the drum body (303). The drum spline shaft (301) is arranged at the front end of the spiral feeding head (302). The threshing diagonal rod (304) is spirally distributed in the front middle section of the drum body (303). The threshing spikes (305) are spirally distributed in the rear section of the drum body (303). The discharge plate (306) is evenly distributed at the rear end of the drum body (303). The drum shaft (307) is installed at the rear end of the drum body (303). The damping concave plate screen (4) comprises a grooved screen plate (401), a concave plate long beam (402), a stepped circular tube (403) and a damping bearing (404); the grooved screen plate (401) is arranged on both sides of the concave plate long beam (402); the damping bearing is arranged at the groove of the grooved screen plate (401); both ends of the stepped circular tube (403) are arranged in the damping bearing (404); the damping concave plate screen (4) and the threshing diagonal rod (304) spirally distributed in the front middle section of the cylinder (303) form a layered threshing section; The fixed concave plate screen (5) comprises a screen plate (501), a concave plate short beam (502) and a short circular tube (503), wherein the screen plate (501) is arranged on both sides of the concave plate short beam (502), and the short circular tube (503) is arranged at the arc of the screen plate (501). The fixed concave plate screen (5) and the threshing spikes (305) spirally distributed on the rear section of the cylinder (303) constitute a separation section; The threshing twill rod (304) comprises a twill rod fixing seat (3041), a twill rod (3042) and a wear-resistant rubber plate (3043); the twill rod fixing seat (3041) is welded to the outside of the cylinder (303); the twill rod (3042) is mounted on the twill rod fixing seat (3041) via bolts; and the wear-resistant rubber plate (3043) is mounted on the rear end lug of the twill rod fixing seat (3041) via bolts.

2. The corn threshing device with layered screening according to claim 1, characterized in that: The threshing drum top cover (1) comprises a shell (101), a guide plate (102) and a supporting main beam (103); the guide plate (102) is tilted and evenly distributed on the inner arch of the shell (101); and the supporting main beam (103) is arranged on both sides of the shell (101).

3. The corn threshing device with layered screening according to claim 2, characterized in that: The impurity removal plate (6) is installed at the installation hole of the screen plate (501), and the impurity removal plate (6) and the discharge plates (306) evenly distributed at the tail of the cylinder (303) constitute an impurity removal section.

4. The corn threshing device with layered screening according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide plate (102) is crescent-shaped and is welded obliquely to the inner side of the shell (101), with the oblique direction being consistent with the flow direction of the discharged matter.

5. The corn threshing device with layered screening according to claim 4, characterized in that: Long beam lugs (4021) are welded on both sides of the concave plate long beam (402), and the long beam lugs (4021) are connected to the supporting main beam (103) through long beam eyebolts (4022). The groove screen plate (401) is welded in parallel to both sides of the concave plate long beam (402). The damping bearing (404) is installed in the groove of the groove screen plate (401) through a retaining spring. The steps on both sides of the stepped circular tube (403) are arranged in the damping bearing (404). The damping type concave plate screen (4) is mirror-imaged and arranged below the threshing drum (3). It is fixed by bolts at the mounting hole of the groove screen plate (401). Short beam lugs (5021) are welded on both sides of the concave plate short beam (502), and the short beam lugs (5021) are connected to the supporting main beam (103) through short beam eyebolts (5022).

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