A method and equipment for cultivating soil fertility by rapidly composting corn stalks in cold regions and returning them to the field

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of land force cultivation, a kind of quick composting of corn straw in cold region and land cultivating method and device, including raw material preparation: straw is collected in field, and according to the proportion of straw and manure volume ratio 5:1-10:1, prepare livestock and poultry manure;Stack establishment: straw bottom layer is laid in the stacking area, after uniform spraying straw rotting microbial inoculum and cellulase preparation, lay a layer of manure, then one layer of straw one layer of manure is alternately laid, form strip pile, the moisture content of stack material must be adjusted to about 60%, after the establishment of stack, cover plastic film or woven film;Fermentation and rotting: during fermentation, temperature monitoring is carried out, and the temperature of stack is controlled at 55 DEG C ~ 70 DEG C, and the fermentation time is 40-50 days. Spreading and returning to field: in early April or late October, remove the mulch on the stack, turn the pile and dry, so that the moisture content of compost is reduced to less than 30%, and the compost is uniformly spread in the field, and the recommended application amount of compost is 1-2 m 3 / acre. The present application can produce fertilizer by quick composting of straw, and the land force is significantly improved after returning to field.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soil fertility cultivation, in particular to a method and equipment for cultivating soil fertility by rapidly composting corn stalks in cold regions. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the northeast region, the regional ecological and climatic characteristics are obvious, the soil types are diverse, and the direct field effect of corn stalks is different. The soil mineral composition, nutrient supply capacity, and physical and chemical indexes such as organic matter content and pH value differ greatly. Due to the problem of soil fertility decline in some farmland, if the soil fertility condition can be improved by the jujube field technology, the soil fertility can be improved, and part of the straw problem can be solved. SUMMARY

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a method and equipment for cultivating soil fertility by rapidly composting corn stalks in cold regions. The method can provide a new method for improving soil fertility by rapidly composting soil fertility through straw composting technology.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for cultivating soil fertility by rapidly composting corn stalks in cold regions, comprising

[0006] Raw material preparation: collect the field straw, and prepare livestock and poultry manure according to the volume ratio of straw to manure of 5:1-10:1;

[0007] Stack establishment: lay a straw bottom layer in the stacking area, uniformly spray straw composting microbial inoculum and cellulase preparation, then lay a layer of livestock and poultry manure, and then alternately lay a layer of straw and a layer of manure to form a strip pile. The moisture content of the stack material should be adjusted to about 60%, and the stack is covered with plastic film or woven film after the stack is established.

[0008] Fermentation and maturation: during fermentation, the temperature is monitored, the stack temperature is controlled at 55-70 DEG C, and the fermentation time is 40-50 days.

[0009] Spreading and returning to the field: in early April or late October, remove the cover film on the stack, turn the stack and dry it, so that the moisture content of the compost is reduced to below 30%. The compost is uniformly spread in the field, and the recommended application amount of the compost is 1-2 m 3 / acre.

[0010] As a preferred, during the fermentation and maturation process, if the stack temperature exceeds 70 DEG C, turn the stack and replace the pile according to the levels of inside and outside, top and bottom, and mix thoroughly.

[0011] As preferred, in the fermentation composting process, whether the fermentation composting is completed is judged from the leaching liquid: the composted manure is added with clean water in a ratio of 1:10, stirred, and left for 3-5 minutes, and the supernatant is light yellow.

[0012] Whether the fermentation composting is completed is judged from the volume of the pile: from the volume of the compost, the volume of the composted pile will be reduced by 1 / 2-2 / 3 compared with the initial pile building.

[0013] As preferred, when the pile is built, a straw bottom layer with a thickness of about 1.5 meters is laid in the pile building area, and the pile height is 2-3 m.

[0014] As preferred, after the spreading and returning to the field is completed, carbon-rich soil is mixed by plowing, including:

[0015] After the spring spreading, the compost is mixed with the soil by timely rotary plowing with a working depth of 10-15 cm;

[0016] After the autumn spreading, the compost is mixed with the soil by combining with deep plowing or rotary plowing, the plowing depth is ≥30 cm, and the rotary plowing depth is 15-20 cm;

[0017] The lower corn can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by 10%-15%.

[0018] In the second aspect, the present application provides a rapid composting and returning to the field of corn straw in cold regions, which is used to realize the method of the first aspect, and the device comprises:

[0019] A container with an opening at the top;

[0020] A moving mechanism above the container, the moving mechanism comprising a moving end capable of spatial positioning;

[0021] A throwing mechanism installed on the moving end of the moving mechanism, the throwing mechanism comprising a first hopper and a comprehensive tube capable of being driven to rotate, a plurality of shift rods arranged outside the comprehensive tube, the outer ring surface of the comprehensive tube having a plurality of rotary holes, a through hole being formed in one side end surface of the comprehensive tube, a bearing being arranged at the through hole, and the first hopper being connected to the bearing through a conveying pipe and being in communication with the inner cavity of the comprehensive tube.

[0022] As preferred, the driving mechanism comprises

[0023] A track erected above the container;

[0024] A vehicle movably arranged on the track;

[0025] A first support installed on the vehicle;

[0026] A first linear device installed upside down on the first support;

[0027] The comprehensive pipe cylinder is installed at the extending end of the first linear device.

[0028] As preferred, the device further comprises a supplementary material spraying mechanism arranged at the extending end of the first linear device.

[0029] As preferred, the device further comprises a film covering mechanism, which comprises:

[0030] A second linear device, the extending end of which is arranged downward, is fixedly arranged at one end of the container;

[0031] A film positioning sheet is installed at the extending end of the second linear device;

[0032] A third support is installed at the extending end of the first linear device;

[0033] A film collecting roller is installed at the third support;

[0034] A film body, the first end of which is connected with the film positioning sheet, the second end of which corresponding to the first end of the film body is connected with the film collecting roller and the main body of which is wound outside the film collecting roller;

[0035] The height of the film positioning sheet is consistent with the height of the film collecting roller, so that the film body is laid flat.

[0036] As preferred, the extending end of the second linear device and the extending end of the first linear device are provided with an acquisition device for switching the third support.

[0037] The effects of the present application are described in detail below through examples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 The figure shows the change of soil penetration resistance after the implementation of the method for cultivating the fertility of the cold region corn straw rapid composting and returning to field.

[0039] Figure 2 The figure shows the change of soil organic matter content after the implementation of the method for cultivating the fertility of the cold region corn straw rapid composting and returning to field.

[0040] Figure 3 The figure shows the change of the root length distribution characteristics of corn in the main growth period after the implementation of the method for cultivating the fertility of the cold region corn straw rapid composting and returning to field.

[0041] Figure 4 The figure shows the schematic diagram of the equipment for cultivating the fertility of the cold region corn straw rapid composting and returning to field.

[0042] Figure 5 The figure shows Figure 4 The figure shows the schematic diagram of the driving mechanism, the lifting mechanism, the throwing and spraying mechanism, the film covering mechanism and the supplementary material spraying mechanism.

[0043] Figure 6 Another state schematic view of the equipment for cultivating the land force by rapidly composting corn straw in cold regions and returning it to the field.

[0044] Figure 7 Another state schematic view of the equipment for cultivating the land force by rapidly composting corn straw in cold regions and returning it to the field.

[0045] Figure 8 Schematic view of the comprehensive pipe cylinder in the equipment for cultivating the land force by rapidly composting corn straw in cold regions and returning it to the field.

[0046] Figure 9 Schematic view of the comprehensive pipe cylinder in the equipment for cultivating the land force by rapidly composting corn straw in cold regions and returning it to the field.

[0047] The reference signs include:

[0048] 1 - container, 11 - position avoiding groove;

[0049] 2 - driving mechanism, 21 - first support, 22 - vehicle, 23 - track;

[0050] 3 - lifting mechanism, 31 - first linear device, 32 - supporting platform, 33 - second support, 34 - first obtaining device;

[0051] 4 - throwing mechanism, 41 - first material box, 42 - material conveying pipe, 43 - comprehensive pipe cylinder, 431 - rotary sowing hole, 432 - internal thread, 433 - bearing, 44 - shifting rod;

[0052] 5 - film covering mechanism, 51 - second linear device, 52 - second obtaining device, 53 - third support, 54 - film collecting roller, 55 - film positioning sheet;

[0053] 6 - auxiliary material spraying mechanism, 61 - auxiliary material box, 62 - auxiliary material spraying head;

[0054] 7 - film body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present technical solution clearer and more intelligible, the present technical solution will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present technical solution.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] The present embodiment proposes a method for cultivating the land force by rapidly composting corn straw in cold regions. The method can rapidly compost the straw into fertilizer and significantly improve the land force after returning it to the field. The specific method is as follows.

[0058] 1. Raw material preparation

[0059] (1) Field straw collection. Corn stalks and ears harvesting machine can be used to complete the harvesting and straw crushing collection at one time; or after the mechanical harvesting of straw crushing, the crushed straw is collected by straw baling machine, pick-up baler, raking machine, etc. The length of the crushed straw is less than or equal to 15 cm.

[0060] (2) Livestock and poultry manure preparation. Collect livestock and poultry manure such as pig, cow, sheep and chicken in proportion to 5:1-10:1 of straw to manure volume.

[0061] 2. Pile establishment

[0062] Load the straw in the stacking area to lay a straw bottom layer with a thickness of about 1.5 meters, evenly spray straw decomposing microbial inoculum (0.1%) and cellulase preparation (0.01%), then lay a layer of manure (straw to manure volume ratio of 5:1-10:1), then alternate one layer of straw and one layer of manure, and stack layer by layer to form a strip pile with a width of 6-8 meters, a height of 2-4 meters, and a length appropriate. The moisture content of the pile material should be adjusted to about 60%. After the pile is established, cover it with plastic film or woven film to maintain moisture and prevent odor from escaping.

[0063] 3. Fermentation and decomposition

[0064] (1) Pile turning and pile dumping: During fermentation, monitor the temperature, and control the pile temperature at 55-70°C. Generally, after 7 days of stacking, the pile temperature will exceed 70°C, and the pile top will collapse and emit hot gas. Immediately turn and dump the pile, replace it according to the inside-out, top-bottom levels, and mix it thoroughly. When the pile temperature rises to 60-70°C again, turn and dump the pile again, and repeat this process 3-4 times to complete the fermentation. The fermentation time in autumn and winter is 40-50 days.

[0065] (2) Degree of decomposition: From the sensory judgment, the decomposed compost turns brown or black-brown, with black juice, and no foul odor; when holding the compost, it is soft and loose when wet, and crisp and easy to break when dry. From the judgment of the leachate, take the decomposed compost, add water according to the ratio of 1:10, stir, and place for 3-5 minutes, and the supernatant is light yellow. From the volume of the compost, the volume of the decomposed pile will be reduced by 1 / 2-2 / 3 compared with the initial pile.

[0066] 4. Spreading and returning to the field

[0067] Before the soil freezes in spring (early April) or before the soil is prepared in autumn (late October), remove the cover film on the pile, turn the pile and dry it, so that the moisture content of the compost is reduced to less than 30%. Use an organic fertilizer spreading vehicle to transport the compost to the field and spread it evenly. The recommended application rate of the compost is 1-2 m3 / acre.

[0068] 5. Cultivation and mixing to increase carbon and improve soil

[0069] (1) Spring throwing, timely rotary tillage will be mixed with compost and soil, operation depth of 10-15 cm.

[0070] (2) After throwing in autumn, combined with deep plowing or rotary tillage, compost and soil are mixed, plowing depth ≥ 30 cm, rotary tilling depth is preferably 15-20 cm.

[0071] (3) The next corn can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by 10%-15%.

[0072] As shown in Figures 1-3 , the technical implementation of 3 years, the depth of the plough layer is deepened to 30 cm, the average soil bulk density of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer is reduced by 9.5% and 6.5%, the average soil penetration resistance is reduced by 36.7% and 18.6% (as shown in Figure 1 ), the average organic matter content is increased by 7.3% and 14.5% (as shown in Figure 2 ), and the alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen content is increased by 20.2% and 32.3%, forming a deep and fertile plough layer. Subsequently, the root system dry weight, root length and root surface area of 0-60 cm soil layer of corn at silking stage are increased by 62%-103%, 53%-82% and 46%-176% respectively, especially the root system distribution ratio of 30-60 cm soil layer is greatly increased, and the root system presents obvious "vertical extension" configuration characteristics (as shown in Figure 3 ), which is more conducive to the fixation of root system and the absorption of deep layer nutrients, and the average corn yield is increased by 12.5%.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] The present embodiment proposes a device adapted to the above-mentioned soil fertility cultivation method of corn straw rapid composting in cold regions in example 1, i.e. a soil fertility cultivation device for corn straw rapid composting in cold regions, which can realize the process of pile establishment and fermentation and maturation, with high automation degree, small labor demand and improved working environment for workers.

[0075] As shown in Figure 4 , the soil fertility cultivation device for corn straw rapid composting in cold regions proposed in the present embodiment comprises a container 1, the top of the container 1 is open, and a position-avoiding groove 11 in communication with the container 1 is arranged at the right side of the container 1, and the bottom wall of the position-avoiding groove 11 and the bottom wall of the container 1 are in a stepped structure.

[0076] A moving mechanism is arranged at the top of the container 1, which is a combination of a driving mechanism 2 and a lifting mechanism in the present embodiment, for driving the space movement of the throwing mechanism 4, part of the film covering mechanism 5 and the auxiliary material spraying mechanism 6. In other embodiments, other forms of moving mechanisms such as mechanical arms can also be used.

[0077] The driving mechanism 2 is used to provide the ability to walk along the length direction of the container 1, and the lifting mechanism 3 is used to provide the lifting ability. The throwing mechanism 4 is used to distribute the straw input into the container 1, and at the same time, the livestock and poultry manure can be distributed on the surface of the straw through the throwing mechanism 4 to establish a pile. The film covering mechanism 5 is used to lay the film 7 on the top of the pile. The auxiliary material spraying mechanism 6 is used to uniformly spray the straw rotting microbial agent and cellulase preparation.

[0078] Combining Figure 4 And Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the driving mechanism 2 includes a track 23 erected along the length direction of the opening at the top of the container 1, and a vehicle 22 is arranged on the track 23, which can be controlled to move along the extension direction of the track 23. A first support 21 is installed on the vehicle 22, which is used to install the lifting mechanism 3.

[0079] The lifting mechanism 3 in the embodiment includes a first linear device 31, which is specifically an inverted electric cylinder. The extending end of the first linear device 31 is arranged downward. In the embodiment, four first linear devices 31 are arranged, respectively, at the four corners of the horizontal plate of the first support 21. A horizontal supporting platform 32 is installed at the extending end of the first linear device 31. Two second supports 33 are arranged below the supporting platform 32, wherein the first second support 33 is used to install the throwing mechanism 4, and the second second support 33 is used to install the auxiliary material spraying mechanism 6. The first second support 33 is close to the position of the groove 11 of the container 1. The first second support 33 is arranged in the direction away from the first second support 33. A first obtaining device 34 is arranged on the second second support 33, which is used to obtain the third support 53, and the function of which will be described later.

[0080] The throwing mechanism 4 includes a first material box 41 installed on the vehicle 22, which contains livestock and poultry manure. A comprehensive pipe cylinder 43 is arranged below the first second support 33, which is rotatably installed at the lower end of the first second support 33 through a shaft assembly. The power output end of a power mechanism (not shown in the figure) is connected to the shaft assembly and can drive the comprehensive pipe cylinder 43 to rotate. A plurality of racking rods 44 are arranged on the outer periphery of the comprehensive pipe cylinder 43. The plurality of racking rods 44 are relatively dense. In some embodiments, the racking rods 44 can be arranged in an array, and the racking rods 44 are curved rods. The plurality of racking rods 44 are radially arranged with the axis of the comprehensive pipe cylinder 43 as the center. The above-mentioned power mechanism (not shown in the figure) is preferably a servo motor with variable rotating speed.

[0081] The auxiliary material spraying mechanism 6 comprises an auxiliary material box 61 and a plurality of auxiliary material spraying heads 62. The auxiliary material box 61 is internally provided with straw rotting microbial inoculants and cellulase preparations. The auxiliary material box 61 is connected to the spraying heads through a pipeline and delivers the straw rotting microbial inoculants and cellulase preparations to the spraying heads. The spraying heads can be controlled to spray the straw rotting microbial inoculants and cellulase preparations.

[0082] The film covering mechanism 5 is divided into two parts. The first part of the film covering mechanism 5 is two second linear devices 51 fixedly arranged at a position. The second linear devices 51 are connected to inverted electric telescopic rods. The extending ends of the second linear devices 51 are provided with film positioning pieces 55. The interval of the two second linear devices 51 matches the width of the container 1. The front part of the second linear devices 51 is provided with a second acquisition device 52. The second part of the film covering mechanism 5 is a third support 53. The lower end of the third support 53 is provided with a film collecting roller 54. The film collecting roller 54 is connected to the third support 53 through a shaft assembly. The film collecting roller 54 is internally provided with a clock spring. The winding principle of the film collecting roller 54 is similar to that of a tape measure.

[0083] The first end of the film body 7 is connected to the film positioning piece 55. The second end corresponding to the first end of the film body 7 is connected to the film collecting roller 54 and is wound on the outside of the film collecting roller 54. The height of the film positioning piece 55 is consistent with the height of the film collecting roller 54, so that the film body 7 is laid flat.

[0084] The first acquisition device 34 and the second acquisition device 52 in the above embodiment can both be electromagnets. The electromagnets are convenient to use and have low cost.

[0085] As shown in Figure 6 , when the second acquisition device 52 acquires the third support 53, the vehicle 22 can drive the throwing mechanism 4 and the auxiliary material spraying mechanism 6 to move. As shown in Figure 7 , when the first acquisition device 34 acquires the third support 53, the vehicle 22 can drive the film collecting roller 54 to move. The film body 7 is unfolded by pulling the film positioning piece 55 through the film collecting roller 54.

[0086] As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 , the outer ring surface of the comprehensive pipe cylinder 43 is provided with a plurality of rotary holes 431. A through hole is formed in one side end surface of the comprehensive pipe cylinder 43. A bearing 433 is arranged at the through hole. The first material box 41 is connected to the bearing 433 through a material conveying pipe 42 and communicates with the inner cavity of the comprehensive pipe cylinder 43.

[0087] In the process of establishing the pile body in the above embodiment 1, the container 1 is placed on the ground as shown in Figure 4The arrow position shown to the container 1 in the device after the straw is crushed, and then the film mechanism 5 keeps the second acquisition device 52 open, the third bracket 53 and the second linear device 51 are connected, the film mechanism 5 does not move as a whole. At this time, the lifting mechanism 3 controls the first linear device 31 to descend to a predetermined height, the comprehensive tube 43 descends to a predetermined position, the vehicle 22 moves in the driving mechanism 2, and the comprehensive tube 43 opens and rotates. After the vehicle 22 moves back and forth several times, the crushed straw is laid in the container 1. Its effect is as Figure 6 shown.

[0088] Then, control the comprehensive tube 43 to stop rotating, and the vehicle 22 moves back and forth along the track 23 again. The plurality of auxiliary material spray heads 62 arranged side by side in the auxiliary material spray mechanism 6 spray straw rotting microbial agent and cellulase preparation on the top of the straw.

[0089] After that, control the comprehensive tube 43 to rotate again, and the livestock and poultry manure is transported to the comprehensive tube 43 through the first hopper 41 and the conveying pipe 42. Control the vehicle 22 to move back and forth along the track 23. During the movement, the livestock and poultry manure enters the inside of the comprehensive tube 43, and the livestock and poultry manure is distributed through the internal thread 432 of the inner wall of the comprehensive tube 43. The livestock and poultry manure is thrown to the top of the straw through the rotary hole 431. The first linear device 31 gradually adjusts the height of the comprehensive tube 43, and the livestock and poultry manure is uniformly distributed through the lever 44 outside the comprehensive tube 43. The livestock and poultry manure is uniformly laid on the top of the straw, avoiding the accumulation of livestock and poultry manure. Repeat the above process until the pile is established.

[0090] Finally, switch the vehicle 22 to drive the first acquisition device 34 to approach the third bracket 53, and the first acquisition device 34 acquires the third bracket 53. The second acquisition device 52 releases the third bracket 53. Then the first linear device 31 and the second linear device 51 are extended synchronously, and the film positioning piece 55 positions the first end edge of the film body 7 inside the container 1, that is, positions the film body 7 on one side of the top of the pile. Then the vehicle 22 moves along the track 23, dragging the third bracket 53 to move on the film body 7, and the film collecting roller 54 releases the film body 7 and covers the film body 7 on the top of the pile. Until the vehicle 22 moves to the avoidance slot 11 of the container 1, at this time the film body 7 covers the top of the pile as a whole, and the second bracket 33, the throwing mechanism 4 and the film mechanism 5 enter the avoidance slot 11, forming a state as Figure 7 shown. After the pile is established, the state is maintained until the fermentation and rotting are completed.

[0091] It should be noted that in the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only for the purpose of description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0092] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, according to the technical content of the present application, many changes can be made in the specific implementation and application range, as long as these changes do not deviate from the concept of the present application, they all belong to the protection scope of the present patent.

Claims

1. A cold region corn straw rapid composting and field fertility cultivating device for realizing a cold region corn straw rapid composting and field fertility cultivating method, the method comprising, raw material preparation: collecting field straw and preparing livestock and poultry manure at a straw to manure volume ratio of 5:1-10:1; pile establishment: laying a straw bottom layer in a pile preparation area, uniformly spraying straw composting microbial inoculum and cellulase preparation, then laying a layer of livestock and poultry manure, then alternately laying a layer of straw and a layer of manure to form a straw pile, and adjusting the moisture content of the pile to 60%, covering the pile with a plastic film or a woven film after the pile is established; fermentation and composting: monitoring the temperature during fermentation, controlling the pile temperature at 55-70℃, and fermenting for 40-50 days; spreading and returning to the field: removing the cover film on the pile in early April or late October, turning the pile and airing it to reduce the moisture content of the compost to below 30%, and uniformly spreading the compost in the field, with a recommended application amount of 1-2 m3 per mu; characterized in that the device comprises: a container with an open top; a moving mechanism arranged above the container, the moving mechanism comprising a moving end capable of spatial positioning; a spreading mechanism mounted on the moving end of the moving mechanism, the spreading mechanism comprising a first hopper and a comprehensive tube capable of being driven to rotate, a plurality of shift rods arranged outside the comprehensive tube, the outer ring surface of the comprehensive tube having a plurality of spin-seeding holes, a through hole being formed in one side end surface of the comprehensive tube, a bearing being arranged at the through hole, and the first hopper being connected to the bearing through a conveying pipe and being in communication with the inner cavity of the comprehensive tube; the inner wall of the comprehensive tube has an internal thread for distributing livestock and poultry manure.

2. The cold region corn straw rapid pile-fermentation and field fertility cultivation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the device further comprises a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism comprising a track erected above the container; a vehicle movably arranged on the track; a first support mounted on the vehicle; a first linear device mounted upside down on the first support; the comprehensive tube is mounted on the extended end of the first linear device.

3. The cold region corn straw rapid pile-fermentation and field fertility cultivation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the device further comprises an auxiliary material spraying mechanism arranged at the extended end of the first linear device.

4. The cold region corn straw rapid pile-fermentation and field fertility cultivation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the device further comprises a film covering mechanism, the film covering mechanism comprising: a second linear device with its extended end arranged downward, the second linear device being fixedly arranged at one end of the container; a film positioning piece mounted on the extended end of the second linear device; a third support mounted on the extended end of the first linear device; a film collecting roller mounted on the third support; a film body having a first end connected to the film positioning piece and a second end corresponding to the first end of the film body connected to the film collecting roller and wound around the film collecting roller; the height of the film positioning piece is consistent with the height of the film collecting roller to enable the film body to be laid flat. 5.The cold region corn straw rapid composting and field fertility cultivating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the extended ends of the second linear device and the first linear device each have an acquisition device for switching connection with the third support. 6.The cold region corn straw rapid composting and field fertility cultivating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: during the fermentation and composting process, if the pile temperature exceeds 70℃, the pile is turned and the pile is replaced according to the levels inside and outside, up and down, and is fully turned and mixed. 7.The cold region corn straw rapid composting and field fertility cultivating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the fermentation and composting process, whether the fermentation and composting is completed is judged from the leaching liquid: take the composted manure, add clean water with the ratio of manure to water being 1:10, stir, and place for 3-5 minutes, and the supernatant is light yellow; Whether the fermentation and composting is completed is judged from the volume of the pile: from the volume of the compost, the volume of the composted pile will be reduced by 1 / 2-2 / 3 compared with the initial pile building.

8. The cold region corn straw rapid pile-fermentation and field fertility cultivation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the pile is built, a 1.5-meter-thick straw bottom layer is laid in the pile area, and the pile height is 2-3 m.

9. The cold region corn straw rapid pile-fermentation and field fertility cultivation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the application of the returned manure, the carbon-rich soil is mixed by plowing, including: After the application in spring, the compost is mixed with the soil by rotary plowing in time, and the operation depth is 10-15 cm; After the application in autumn, the compost is mixed with the soil by deep plowing or rotary plowing, the plowing depth is ≥30 cm, and the rotary plowing depth is 15-20 cm; The dosage of chemical fertilizer for the next corn can be reduced by 10%-15%.

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