A lubricating oil hydrorefining equipment

Abstract

This invention discloses a technical field of lubricating oil processing, particularly relating to a lubricating oil hydrorefining equipment, comprising a high-pressure tank, a high-pressure pump, an oil inlet pipe, and a hydrogen inlet pipe; it also includes a spiral plate, a permeate membrane separator, an exhaust pipe, a vacuum pump, and an oil outlet pipe. The output ends of the oil inlet pipe and the hydrogen inlet pipe are both located in the lower part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank. The spiral plate is installed in the middle of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank, and a hydrogenation catalyst is disposed on the surface of the spiral plate. The permeate membrane separator is installed in the upper part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank, and a permeate membrane for hydrogen and waste gas to enter is disposed on the outer wall of the permeate membrane separator. The input end of the exhaust pipe extends into the interior of the permeate membrane separator, and the output end of the exhaust pipe is connected to the vacuum pump. The input end of the oil outlet pipe extends into the upper part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank, and a pressure limiting valve is disposed at the output end of the oil outlet pipe. Hydrogenation mixing, hydrogenation refining, and oil-gas separation are carried out in a high-temperature and high-pressure tank, with high integration, low energy consumption, and high refining efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of lubricating oil processing, and in particular to a lubricating oil hydrorefining equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrorefining of lubricating oil is a process that improves the quality of lubricating oil base oil through hydrogenation reactions. Various lubricating oil hydrorefining devices are disclosed in the prior art. For example, Chinese invention patent application CN118988229A proposes an environmentally friendly lubricating oil hydrorefining device. This device includes a base plate with multiple support feet fixedly connected to its bottom end. A transmission mechanism is located on one side of the top of the base plate, a high-temperature mechanism is located on one side of the transmission mechanism, and a mixing mechanism is located on the other side of the transmission mechanism. A circulation separation mechanism is located on one side of the mixing mechanism. This environmentally friendly lubricating oil hydrorefining device filters impurities in the lubricating oil multiple times, ensuring that the prepared lubricating oil is free of impurities that could reduce its quality. Furthermore, it can directly react with heated lubricating oil to produce hydrogen, eliminating the need for cooling followed by thermal processing, allowing for the recycling of hydrogen.

[0003] The hydrorefining process of lubricating oil requires heating, pressurization, and a catalytic environment. The aforementioned hydrorefining device, after fully mixing hydrogen with lubricating oil, does not introduce it into an environment with a catalytic environment for hydrogenation reaction. Furthermore, it needs to separate the refined lubricating oil and the hydrogen and reaction waste gas in a special hot-press separator. The hot-press separator requires heating and pressurizing the lubricating oil again, and the double heating is not conducive to reducing energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a lubricating oil hydrorefining equipment that integrates hydrogenation mixing, hydrogenation refining, and oil-gas separation in a high-temperature and high-pressure tank, with high integration, low energy consumption, and high refining efficiency.

[0005] This invention discloses a lubricating oil hydrorefining apparatus, comprising a high-pressure tank, a high-pressure pump, an oil inlet pipe, and a hydrogen inlet pipe. The high-pressure tank contains a hydrogenation chamber, in which a heater is installed. The output end of the high-pressure pump is connected to the oil inlet pipe, the output end of which extends into the hydrogenation chamber. The apparatus also includes a spiral plate, a permeate membrane separation cylinder, an exhaust pipe, a vacuum pump, and an oil outlet pipe. The output ends of both the oil inlet pipe and the hydrogen inlet pipe are located in the lower part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank. The spiral plate is installed in the middle of the hydrogenation chamber, and its surface is coated with a hydrogenation material. The catalyst and spiral plates divide the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank into spiral ascending channels. A permeate membrane separator is installed in the upper part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank. The outer wall of the permeate membrane separator is equipped with a permeate membrane for hydrogen and exhaust gas to enter. The inlet end of the exhaust pipe extends into the interior of the permeate membrane separator, and the outlet end of the exhaust pipe is connected to a vacuum pump. The inlet end of the oil outlet pipe extends into the upper part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank, and the outlet end of the oil outlet pipe is equipped with a pressure relief valve. During operation, the high-pressure pump pressurizes the lubricating oil and inputs it into the lower part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank, while the hydrogen inlet pipe simultaneously inputs hydrogen. The lubricating oil mixes with the hydrogen in the lower part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank. A heater in the high-pressure tank heats the lubricating oil, and the threshold of the pressure relief valve on the oil outlet pipe is adjusted to maintain a high-pressure state in the hydrogenation chamber. The lubricating oil mixed with hydrogen flows along the rising channel formed by the spiral plates to the upper part of the hydrogenation chamber. During the flow of the lubricating oil, impurities in the lubricating oil are efficiently hydrogenated under the action of the catalyst on the spiral plates, removing impurities and achieving purification. This process generates waste gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. A vacuum pump operates, and the exhaust pipe removes the hydrogen from the permeate membrane separation cylinder. The internal low-pressure zone allows hydrogen and exhaust gas in the lubricating oil to pass efficiently through the permeate membrane on the permeate membrane separator, achieving separation of lubricating oil and gas. The hydrogen and exhaust gas entering the permeate membrane separator are discharged through the exhaust pipe and the vacuum pump, while the refined lubricating oil separated from hydrogen and exhaust gas is discharged through the oil outlet pipe. Compared with existing technologies, which carry out hydrogenation mixing, hydrogenation refining, and oil-gas separation in the same high-temperature and high-pressure tank, there is no need for a dedicated oil-gas separation system and secondary heating and pressurization, reducing energy consumption and achieving hydrogenation reaction in a catalyst environment, thus improving the efficiency of hydrogenation refining.

[0006] Preferably, the system also includes grooves and a drain pipe. Grooves are provided on the upper surface of the spiral plate, and a hydrophilic and oleophobic layer is provided on the surface of the grooves. The drain pipe is installed at the bottom of the high-pressure tank, with its inlet extending into the bottom of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank, and a valve installed at its outlet. When the lubricating oil mixed with hydrogen flows in the rising channel formed by the spiral plate, the oxygen-containing compounds in the lubricating oil react with the hydrogen to form water. The pressure and temperature inside the high-pressure tank are adjusted to maintain the water in a liquid state, for example, at 350 to 374°C and a pressure of 10–20 MPa, while ensuring the hydrogenation temperature and pressure of the lubricating oil. When the water comes into contact with the grooves of the spiral plate, it is adsorbed and accumulated by the hydrophilic and oleophobic layer, causing the water to flow downwards along the grooves and accumulate at the bottom of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank. After a period of operation, the valve of the drain pipe is opened to drain the accumulated water, thus achieving the separation and discharge of water from the lubricating oil.

[0007] Preferably, it also includes protrusion one and protrusion two, which are installed on the lower surface of the spiral plate, and catalyst is provided on the surface of both protrusion one and protrusion two; by installing protrusion one and protrusion two, the contact area between the catalyst and the lubricating oil is increased, thereby improving the hydrogenation reaction efficiency.

[0008] Preferably, the assembly also includes a bearing, multiple guide vanes, and an outer ring. The output end of the hydrogen inlet pipe is arranged opposite to the output end of the oil inlet pipe. The bearing is mounted on the outer wall of the output end of the hydrogen inlet pipe. The multiple guide vanes are connected to the outer ring of the bearing. The multiple guide vanes are evenly arranged circumferentially and inclined to the vertical plane. The outer ends of the multiple guide vanes are connected to the inner wall of the outer ring, which is located below and outside the bearing. The bearing, multiple guide vanes, and outer ring form an impeller shape. The high-pressure lubricating oil output from the oil inlet pipe and the hydrogen output from the hydrogen inlet pipe collide. At the same time, the high-pressure lubricating oil impacts the multiple guide vanes. The lubricating oil and hydrogen rise through the gaps between the multiple guide vanes, causing the multiple guide vanes to rotate under the rotational support of the bearing. The rotating multiple guide vanes stir and cut the lubricating oil and hydrogen, thereby ensuring that the lubricating oil and hydrogen are fully mixed.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes pressure sensor one and pressure sensor two, which are installed on the high-pressure tank. The probe of pressure sensor one extends into the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank, and the probe of pressure sensor two extends into the interior of the permeate membrane separation cylinder. Pressure sensor one detects the lubricating oil in the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank, and pressure sensor two detects the gas pressure in the permeate membrane separation cylinder. The power of the pump is adjusted according to the pressure difference between the two to maintain the pressure difference within a certain range and maintain the efficiency of hydrogen and waste gas evolution in the lubricating oil.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a purification chamber, a first partition, an ammonia decomposition chamber, a hydrogen sulfide decomposition chamber, and a first three-way valve. The purification chamber has a purification chamber inside. The first partition is installed in the middle of the purification chamber. A gap for gas passage is provided between one end of the first partition and the inner wall of the purification chamber. The ammonia decomposition chamber is located above the first partition, and the hydrogen sulfide decomposition chamber is located below the first partition. The input end of the purification chamber is connected to the output end of the vacuum pump via a pipeline. The output end of the purification chamber is connected to channel one of the first three-way valve. The input end of the hydrogen inlet pipe is connected to channel two of the first three-way valve. Channel three of the first three-way valve is connected to an external hydrogen system. The system is as follows: The ammonia decomposition chamber is equipped with a ruthenium- and nickel-based catalyst for ammonia decomposition, while the hydrogen sulfide decomposition chamber is equipped with an activated carbon-supported metal oxide catalyst for decomposing hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen and waste gas from the pump are piped into the purification chamber of the purification unit. When the waste gas passes through the ammonia decomposition chamber, the ammonia decomposes into nitrogen and hydrogen. When the waste gas passes through the hydrogen sulfide decomposition chamber, the hydrogen sulfide is catalytically oxidized into sulfur and water. The purified and regenerated hydrogen is then discharged from the purification unit and recycled through a three-way valve and a hydrogen inlet pipe. An external hydrogen system replenishes the consumed hydrogen through the three-way valve to the hydrogen inlet pipe, reducing hydrogen refueling costs.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a second heater and multiple first guide plates. The second heater is installed on the first partition, and the multiple first guide plates are installed in the purification chamber of the purification box. The multiple first guide plates divide the space above the first partition into an upper rotary channel. The upper rotary channel formed by the multiple first guide plates is filled with ruthenium and nickel-based catalysts for ammonia decomposition. When the waste gas enters the upper part of the purification chamber of the purification box through the input end of the purification box, it flows along the upper rotary channel divided by the first guide plate and comes into full contact with the catalyst. At the same time, the second heater heats the waste gas to 400-600°C to decompose the ammonia in the waste gas. The decomposed hydrogen and nitrogen enter the hydrogen sulfide decomposition chamber through the gap between the first partition and the purification box.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes multiple second-stage guide plates, an oxygen inlet pipe, a second-stage permeable membrane assembly, and a residual gas pipe. Multiple second-stage guide plates are installed in the purification chamber of the purification chamber, dividing the space below the first partition into a lower rotary channel. The oxygen inlet pipe is installed on the side wall of the purification chamber, with its output end extending into the inlet of the lower rotary channel. The second-stage permeable membrane assembly is installed at the outlet of the lower rotary channel. The residual gas pipe is installed on the side wall of the purification chamber, with its input end extending into the outlet of the lower rotary channel. The residual gas pipe is located in front of the second-stage permeable membrane assembly. The lower rotary channel formed by the multiple second-stage guide plates is filled with decomposed sulfur compounds. The catalyst, a metal oxide supported on activated carbon, is used to catalyze hydrogen. When the exhaust gas enters the lower rotary channel, it mixes with the oxygen input from the oxygen inlet pipe. During the flow of the exhaust gas in the lower rotary channel, it is oxidized by the catalyst and converted into sulfur and water by oxygen. At this time, the exhaust gas contains hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. When the exhaust gas reaches the outlet of the lower rotary channel, the hydrogen passes through the second permeation membrane and is discharged, while the nitrogen and oxygen are intercepted and enriched. After working for a period of time, the valve of the residual gas pipe is opened to discharge the mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, thereby improving the purity of the hydrogen output from the purification box and reducing the adverse effects of nitrogen and oxygen on the lubricating oil.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes an atmospheric pressure tank, a second suction pipe, a return pipe, and a second oil outlet pipe. The atmospheric pressure tank has an internal atmospheric pressure chamber. The output end of the oil outlet pipe extends into the middle of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank. The input end of the second suction pipe extends into the top of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank, and its output end is connected to the input end of a suction pump. The input end of the return pipe extends into the bottom of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank, and its output end is connected to the input end of a high-pressure pump. The input end of the second oil outlet pipe extends into the lower part of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank. The lubricating oil output from the oil outlet pipe... As the lubricating oil enters the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank, the pressure decreases, reducing the solubility of hydrogen in the oil and causing it to precipitate again. The precipitated hydrogen is then pumped to the purification tank for purification and recycling via the second extraction pipe. The lubricating oil at the bottom of the atmospheric pressure chamber is pumped to the high-pressure tank via the return pipe for circulating hydrogen refining. The second oil outlet pipe discharges the lubricating oil from the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank, achieving secondary hydrogen separation and circulating hydrogen refining of the lubricating oil, thus improving the refining quality.

[0014] Preferably, the system also includes a vertical partition, a filter plate one, a pressure sensor three, a pressure sensor four, and a filter plate two. The vertical partition is vertically installed in the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank. Filter plate one is installed at the lower part of the vertical partition. Pressure sensors three and four are installed on the atmospheric pressure tank, with their probes extending into the atmospheric pressure chamber. Pressure sensor three, the oil outlet pipe, the suction pipe two, and the return pipe are located on the right side of the vertical partition and filter plate one. The oil outlet pipe two and pressure sensor four are located on the left side of the vertical partition and filter plate one. Filter plate two is installed at the bottom of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank, and the return pipe is located below filter plate two. Plate 1 divides the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank into left and right parts. The vertical partition prevents the released hydrogen and waste gas from entering the left part of the atmospheric pressure chamber. Filter plate 1 filters the lubricating oil entering the left part of the atmospheric pressure chamber, reducing impurities in the lubricating oil discharged through oil outlet pipe 2. Filter plate 2 filters the lubricating oil entering the return pipe, reducing impurities in the circulating hydrogenated lubricating oil. Pressure sensors 3 and 4 detect the pressure on the right and left sides of filter plate 1, respectively, and obtain the pressure difference. When the pressure difference exceeds the set value, it indicates that filter plate 1 is blocked. At this time, hydrogenation refining is suspended, and hydrogenation refining is resumed after cleaning filter plate 1 and filter plate 2. It has good practicality.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: hydrogenation mixing, hydrogenation refining and oil-gas separation are carried out in the same high temperature and high pressure tank, eliminating the need for a dedicated oil-gas separation system and secondary heating and pressurization, reducing energy consumption, and realizing hydrogenation reaction in a catalyst environment, thereby improving the efficiency of hydrogenation refining. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the isometric structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a front cross-sectional schematic diagram of the structure including the high-pressure tank, high-pressure pump, oil inlet pipe, hydrogen inlet pipe, spiral plate, permeate membrane separation cylinder, exhaust pipe and vacuum pump.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of a spiral plate, groove, and protrusion, etc.

[0021] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the spiral plate, protrusion one, and protrusion two, etc.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the high-pressure pump, oil inlet pipe, hydrogen inlet pipe, bearing, guide vane and outer ring, etc.

[0023] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the hydrogen inlet pipe, bearing, guide vanes, and outer ring, etc.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a front cross-sectional structural diagram of the atmospheric pressure tank, extraction pipe II, return pipe, oil outlet pipe II, vertical partition and filter plate I.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a front cross-sectional schematic diagram of the purification chamber, partition 1, ammonia decomposition chamber, hydrogen sulfide decomposition chamber, and three-way valve 1.

[0026] The attached diagram shows the following components: 1. High-pressure tank; 2. High-pressure pump; 3. Oil inlet pipe; 4. Hydrogen inlet pipe; 5. Spiral plate; 6. Permeate membrane separation cylinder; 7. Exhaust pipe; 8. Vacuum pump; 9. Groove; 10. Drain pipe; 11. Protrusion 1; 12. Protrusion 2; 13. Bearing; 14. Guide vane; 15. Outer ring; 16. Oil outlet pipe; 17. Pressure sensor 1; 18. Pressure sensor 2; 19. Purification chamber; 20. Baffle 1 ; 21. Ammonia decomposition chamber; 22. Hydrogen sulfide decomposition chamber; 23. Three-way valve I; 24. Heater II; 25. Flow guide plate I; 26. Flow guide plate II; 27. Oxygen inlet pipe; 28. Permeable membrane assembly II; 29. ​​Residual gas pipe; 30. Atmospheric pressure tank; 31. Extraction pipe II; 32. Return pipe; 33. Oil outlet pipe II; 34. Vertical partition; 35. Filter plate I; 36. Pressure sensor III; 37. Pressure sensor IV; 38. Filter plate II. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete. Example 1

[0028] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, a lubricating oil hydrorefining device includes a high-pressure tank 1, a high-pressure pump 2, an oil inlet pipe 3, and a hydrogen inlet pipe 4. A hydrogenation chamber is provided inside the high-pressure tank 1, and a heater is installed in the hydrogenation chamber. The output end of the high-pressure pump 2 is connected to the oil inlet pipe 3, and the output end of the oil inlet pipe 3 extends into the hydrogenation chamber. The device also includes a spiral plate 5, a permeate membrane separation cylinder 6, an exhaust pipe 7, a vacuum pump 8, and an oil outlet pipe 16. The output ends of both the oil inlet pipe 3 and the hydrogen inlet pipe 4 are located within the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1. In the lower part of the chamber, a spiral plate 5 is installed in the middle of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1. A hydrogenation catalyst is disposed on the surface of the spiral plate 5. The spiral plate 5 divides the middle part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1 into a spiral ascending channel. A permeate membrane separator 6 is installed in the upper part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1. A permeate membrane for hydrogen and waste gas is disposed on the outer wall of the permeate membrane separator 6. The inlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 extends into the interior of the permeate membrane separator 6, and the outlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 is connected to the vacuum pump 8. The inlet end of the oil outlet pipe 16 extends into the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1. The upper part of the chemical chamber includes a pressure relief valve at the output end of the oil outlet pipe 16; it also includes a protrusion 11 and a protrusion 2 12, which are mounted on the lower surface of the spiral plate 5, and catalyst is provided on the surfaces of both protrusions 11 and 2 12; it also includes a bearing 13, multiple guide vanes 14, and an outer ring 15, with the output end of the hydrogen inlet pipe 4 arranged opposite to the output end of the oil inlet pipe 3, the bearing 13 being fitted onto the outer wall of the output end of the hydrogen inlet pipe 4, and the multiple guide vanes 14 being connected to the outer ring of the bearing 13. Next, multiple guide vanes 14 are evenly arranged circumferentially, and the multiple guide vanes 14 are inclined to the vertical plane. The outer ends of the multiple guide vanes 14 are connected to the inner wall of the outer ring 15, and the outer ring 15 is located on the lower outer side of the bearing 13; it also includes a pressure sensor 17 and a pressure sensor 28, which are installed on the high-pressure tank 1. The probe of the pressure sensor 17 extends into the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1, and the probe of the pressure sensor 28 extends into the interior of the permeate membrane separation cylinder 6.

[0029] During operation, high-pressure pump 2 pressurizes lubricating oil and inputs it into the lower part of the hydrogenation chamber of high-pressure tank 1. Simultaneously, hydrogen gas is introduced into the lower part of the hydrogenation chamber of high-pressure tank 1 via hydrogen inlet pipe 4. Bearing 13, multiple guide vanes 14, and outer ring 15 form an impeller shape. The high-pressure lubricating oil output from oil inlet pipe 3 and the hydrogen gas output from hydrogen inlet pipe 4 collide. Simultaneously, the high-pressure lubricating oil impacts the multiple guide vanes 14. The lubricating oil and hydrogen gas rise through the gaps between the multiple guide vanes 14, causing the multiple guide vanes 14 to rotate under the rotational support of bearing 13. A guide vane 14 stirs and cuts the lubricating oil and hydrogen, ensuring thorough mixing. A heater in the high-pressure tank 1 heats the lubricating oil. The threshold of the pressure-limiting valve on the oil outlet pipe 16 is adjusted to maintain high pressure in the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1. The lubricating oil mixed with hydrogen flows along the ascending channel formed by the spiral plates 5 to the upper part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1. During the flow of the lubricating oil, impurities in the lubricating oil are efficiently hydrogenated under the action of the catalyst on the spiral plates 5. The catalytic effect is enhanced by installing protrusions 11 and 12. The contact area between the agent and the lubricating oil is increased to improve the hydrogenation reaction efficiency, remove impurities from the lubricating oil for refining, and generate waste gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3). The vacuum pump 8 operates by drawing the interior of the permeate membrane separator 6 into a low-pressure zone through the exhaust pipe 7. Pressure sensor 17 detects the lubricating oil in the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1, and pressure sensor 18 detects the gas pressure in the permeate membrane separator 6. The power of the vacuum pump 8 is adjusted based on the pressure difference between the two sensors to maintain the pressure difference within a certain range, thus ensuring the efficient release of hydrogen and waste gases from the lubricating oil. This allows hydrogen and exhaust gas in the lubricating oil to pass efficiently through the permeate membrane on the permeate membrane separator 6, achieving separation of the lubricating oil and gas. The hydrogen and exhaust gas entering the permeate membrane separator 6 are discharged through the exhaust pipe 7 and the vacuum pump 8, and the refined lubricating oil separated from the hydrogen and exhaust gas is discharged through the oil outlet pipe 16. Compared with the existing technology, which carries out hydrogenation mixing, hydrogenation refining and oil-gas separation in the same high-temperature and high-pressure tank, there is no need for a dedicated oil-gas separation system and secondary heating and pressurization, reducing energy consumption and achieving hydrogenation reaction in a catalyst environment, thus improving the efficiency of hydrogenation refining.

[0030] It also includes a groove 9 and a drain pipe 10. The upper surface of the spiral plate 5 is provided with a groove 9, and the surface of the groove 9 is provided with a hydrophilic and oleophobic layer. The drain pipe 10 is installed at the bottom of the high-pressure tank 1. The input end of the drain pipe 10 extends into the bottom of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1, and a valve is installed at the output end of the drain pipe 10.

[0031] When the lubricating oil mixed with hydrogen flows in the rising channel formed by the spiral plate 5, the oxygen-containing compounds in the lubricating oil, such as phenols, react with the hydrogen to convert them into water. The pressure and temperature inside the high-pressure tank 1 are adjusted to keep the water in a liquid state while ensuring the hydrogenation temperature and pressure of the lubricating oil. For example, the temperature is 350 to 374°C and the pressure is 10–20 MPa. When the water comes into contact with the groove 9 of the spiral plate 5, it is adsorbed and accumulated by the hydrophilic and oleophobic layer, so that the water flows down along the groove 9 and accumulates at the bottom of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1. After working for a period of time, the valve of the drain pipe 10 is opened to drain the accumulated water, thus achieving the separation and discharge of water in the lubricating oil. Example 2

[0032] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 10 As shown, based on Example 1, it further includes a purification chamber 19, a partition 20, an ammonia decomposition chamber 21, a hydrogen sulfide decomposition chamber 22, and a three-way valve 23. The purification chamber 19 has a purification chamber inside. The partition 20 is installed in the middle of the purification chamber of the purification chamber 19. A gap for gas passage is provided between one end of the partition 20 and the inner wall of the purification chamber 19. The ammonia decomposition chamber 21 is located at the upper part of the partition 20, and the hydrogen sulfide decomposition chamber 22 is located at the lower part of the partition 20. The input end of the purification chamber 19 is connected to the output end of the vacuum pump 8 via a pipeline. The output end of the purification chamber 19 is connected to channel one of the three-way valve 23. The input end of the hydrogen inlet pipe 4 is connected to channel two of the three-way valve 23. Channel three of the three-way valve 23 is connected to an external hydrogen system. It also includes a heater 24 and multiple guide plates 25. Heater 24 is installed on partition 20. Multiple guide plates 25 are installed in the purification chamber of purification box 19. The multiple guide plates 25 divide the space above partition 20 into an upper rotating channel. It also includes multiple guide plates 26, oxygen inlet pipe 27, permeation membrane assembly 28 and residual gas pipe 29. Multiple guide plates 26 are installed in the purification chamber of purification box 19. Multiple guide plates 26 divide the space below partition 20 into a lower rotating channel. Oxygen inlet pipe 27 is installed on the side wall of purification box 19. The output end of oxygen inlet pipe 27 extends into the inlet of lower rotating channel. Permeation membrane assembly 28 is installed at the outlet of lower rotating channel. Residual gas pipe 29 is installed on the side wall of purification box 19. The input end of residual gas pipe 29 extends into the outlet of lower rotating channel. Residual gas pipe 29 is located in front of permeation membrane assembly 28.

[0033] Hydrogen and waste gas output from the vacuum pump 8 are fed into the purification chamber of the purification box 19 through pipelines. The upper rotary channel, formed by multiple guide plates 25, is filled with a ruthenium- and nickel-based catalyst for ammonia (NH3) decomposition. As the waste gas enters the upper part of the purification chamber of the purification box 19 through the inlet, it flows along the upper rotary channel separated by the guide plates 25 and comes into full contact with the catalyst. Simultaneously, the heater 24 heats the waste gas to 400–600°C, causing the ammonia (NH3) in the waste gas to decompose. The decomposed hydrogen and nitrogen enter the hydrogen sulfide decomposition chamber 22 through the gap between the partition 20 and the purification box 19. The lower rotary channel, formed by multiple guide plates 26, is filled with an activated carbon-supported metal oxide catalyst for decomposing hydrogen sulfide (H2S). When the exhaust gas enters the lower rotary channel, it mixes with the oxygen input from the oxygen inlet pipe 27. During the flow of the exhaust gas in the lower rotary channel, it is oxidized by the catalyst and converted into sulfur and water. At this time, the exhaust gas contains hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. When the exhaust gas reaches the outlet of the lower rotary channel, the hydrogen passes through the permeate membrane group 28 and is discharged. The nitrogen and oxygen are intercepted and enriched. After working for a period of time, the valve of the residual gas pipe 29 is opened to discharge the mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, thereby improving the purity of the hydrogen output from the purification box 19. The purified and regenerated hydrogen is discharged from the purification box 19 and recycled through the three-way valve 23 and the hydrogen inlet pipe 4. The external hydrogen system replenishes the consumed hydrogen to the hydrogen inlet pipe 4 through the three-way valve 23, reducing the cost of hydrogenation and reducing the adverse effects of nitrogen and oxygen on the lubricating oil. Example 3

[0034] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 9As shown, based on Embodiment 1, it also includes an atmospheric pressure tank 30, a second suction pipe 31, a return pipe 32, and a second oil outlet pipe 33. The atmospheric pressure tank 30 has an internal atmospheric pressure chamber. The output end of the oil outlet pipe 16 extends into the middle of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank 30. The input end of the second suction pipe 31 extends into the top of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank 30, and its output end is connected to the input end of the suction pump 8. The input end of the return pipe 32 extends into the bottom of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank 30, and its output end is connected to the input end of the high-pressure pump 2. The input end of the second oil outlet pipe 33 extends into the lower middle part of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank 30. It also includes a vertical partition 34, a first filter plate 35, a third pressure sensor 36, and a pressure sensor 37. Force sensor 37 and filter plate 38 are installed vertically in the atmospheric pressure chamber of atmospheric pressure tank 30. Filter plate 35 is installed at the lower part of vertical partition 34. Pressure sensor 36 and pressure sensor 37 are installed on atmospheric pressure tank 30. The probes of pressure sensor 36 and pressure sensor 37 extend into the atmospheric pressure chamber of atmospheric pressure tank 30. Pressure sensor 36, oil outlet pipe 16, air extraction pipe 31 and return pipe 32 are located on the right side of vertical partition 34 and filter plate 35. Oil outlet pipe 33 and pressure sensor 37 are located on the left side of vertical partition 34 and filter plate 35. Filter plate 38 is installed at the bottom of atmospheric pressure chamber of atmospheric pressure tank 30. Return pipe 32 is located below filter plate 38.

[0035] Vertical baffle 34 and filter plate 35 divide the atmospheric pressure chamber of atmospheric pressure tank 30 into left and right parts. The lubricating oil output from oil outlet pipe 16 enters the right part of the atmospheric pressure chamber of atmospheric pressure tank 30. Vertical baffle 34 prevents the released hydrogen and waste gas from entering the left part of the atmospheric pressure chamber. Due to the reduced pressure on the lubricating oil, the solubility of hydrogen in the lubricating oil decreases, thus releasing hydrogen again. The released hydrogen is pumped to purification tank 19 for purification and recycling through suction pipe 2 31 by suction pump 8. The lubricating oil at the bottom of the atmospheric pressure chamber of atmospheric pressure tank 30 is pumped to high pressure tank 1 for circulating hydrogenation and refining through return pipe 32 by high pressure pump 2. Oil outlet pipe 2 33 connects atmospheric pressure tank 30 to the right part of the atmospheric pressure chamber of atmospheric pressure tank 30. The lubricating oil in the atmospheric pressure chamber is discharged, realizing secondary separation of hydrogen and circulating hydrogen refining of the lubricating oil, improving the refining quality. At the same time, filter plate 35 filters the lubricating oil entering the left side of the atmospheric pressure chamber, reducing impurities in the lubricating oil discharged through oil outlet pipe 33. Filter plate 38 filters the lubricating oil entering the return pipe 32, reducing impurities in the circulating hydrogenated lubricating oil. Pressure sensor 36 and pressure sensor 47 detect the pressure on the right and left sides of filter plate 35 respectively and obtain the pressure difference. When the pressure difference exceeds the set value, it indicates that filter plate 35 is blocked. At this time, hydrogen refining is suspended, and filter plate 35 and filter plate 38 are cleaned before hydrogen refining continues.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, the present invention discloses a lubricating oil hydrorefining device. During operation, the high-pressure pump 2 first pressurizes the lubricating oil and inputs it into the lower part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1. Simultaneously, the hydrogen inlet pipe 4 inputs hydrogen gas into the lower part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1. Under the stirring and cutting action of multiple guide vanes 14, the hydrogen gas and lubricating oil are thoroughly and uniformly mixed. The heater in the high-pressure tank 1 heats the lubricating oil. The threshold of the pressure limiting valve on the oil outlet pipe 16 is adjusted to maintain a high-pressure state in the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1. Then, the lubricating oil mixed with hydrogen gas flows along the rising channel formed by the spiral plates 5 to the upper part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank 1. During the flow of the lubricating oil, impurities in the lubricating oil are efficiently hydrogenated under the action of the catalyst on the spiral plates 5, removing impurities and achieving refining. Waste gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) are generated. Then, the vacuum pump 8 operates to draw the interior of the permeate membrane separation cylinder 6 into a low-pressure zone through the exhaust pipe 7, thereby... Hydrogen and waste gas in the lubricating oil are efficiently separated from each other by passing through the permeate membrane on the permeate membrane separator 6. The hydrogen and waste gas entering the permeate membrane separator 6 are discharged into the purification tank 19 for purification through the exhaust pipe 7 and the vacuum pump 8. After obtaining pure hydrogen, it is recycled through the three-way valve 23 and the hydrogen inlet pipe 4. Finally, the lubricating oil output from the oil outlet pipe 16 enters the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank 30. Due to the reduced pressure on the lubricating oil, the solubility of hydrogen in the lubricating oil decreases, thereby causing hydrogen to precipitate again. The precipitated hydrogen is pumped to the purification tank 19 for purification and recycling through the vacuum pump 8 via the vacuum pipe 31. The lubricating oil at the bottom of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank 30 is filtered by the filter plate 38 and then pumped to the high pressure tank 1 by the high pressure pump 2 through the return pipe 32 for circulating hydrogenation and refining. The refined lubricating oil filtered by the filter plate 35 in the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank 30 is discharged through the oil outlet pipe 33.

[0037] The main functions achieved by this invention are:

[0038] 1. Hydrogenation mixing, hydrogenation refining and oil-gas separation are carried out in the same high-temperature and high-pressure tank, eliminating the need for a dedicated oil-gas separation system and secondary heating and pressurization, reducing energy consumption, and realizing hydrogenation reaction in the catalyst environment, thereby improving the efficiency of hydrorefining.

[0039] 2. A material with a hydrophilic and oleophobic coating is used to collect and separate water from the lubricating oil;

[0040] 3. The kinetic energy of the lubricating oil is used to drive the impeller structure to stir and cut the lubricating oil and hydrogen, so that the lubricating oil and hydrogen are fully mixed.

[0041] 4. It can purify and regenerate hydrogen, and recycle it, reducing the cost of hydrogenation;

[0042] 5. The lubricating oil is purified by circulating hydrogenation to improve the quality of purification.

[0043] The lubricating oil hydrorefining equipment of this invention uses common mechanical methods for installation, connection, or setup, and can be implemented as long as it achieves the beneficial effects. The components of this lubricating oil hydrorefining equipment, including the high-pressure tank 1, high-pressure pump 2, oil inlet pipe 3, hydrogen inlet pipe 4, permeate membrane separation cylinder 6, vacuum pump 8, bearing 13, guide vane 14, outer ring 15, pressure sensor one 17, pressure sensor two 18, purification tank 19, heater two 24, guide plate one 25, guide plate two 26, oxygen inlet pipe 27, permeate membrane assembly two 28, residual gas pipe 29, three-way valve one 23, filter plate one 35, pressure sensor three 36, pressure sensor four 37, and filter plate two 38, are commercially available. Technical personnel in this industry only need to install and operate it according to the accompanying instruction manual, without requiring any creative effort from those skilled in the art.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lubricating oil hydrorefining apparatus, comprising a high-pressure tank (1), a high-pressure pump (2), an oil inlet pipe (3), and a hydrogen inlet pipe (4), wherein a hydrogenation chamber is provided inside the high-pressure tank (1), a heater is installed in the hydrogenation chamber, the output end of the high-pressure pump (2) is connected to the oil inlet pipe (3), the output end of the oil inlet pipe (3) extends into the hydrogenation chamber, and the output end of the hydrogen inlet pipe (4) extends into the hydrogenation chamber; characterized in that, It also includes a spiral plate (5), a permeate membrane separator (6), an exhaust pipe (7), a vacuum pump (8), and an oil outlet pipe (16). The output ends of the oil inlet pipe (3) and the hydrogen inlet pipe (4) are located in the lower part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank (1). The spiral plate (5) is installed in the middle of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank (1). The surface of the spiral plate (5) is provided with a hydrogenation catalyst. The spiral plate (5) divides the middle part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank (1) into a spiral rising channel. The permeate membrane separator (6) is installed in the upper part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank (1). The outer wall of the permeate membrane separator (6) is provided with a permeate membrane for hydrogen and waste gas to enter. The input end of the exhaust pipe (7) extends into the interior of the permeate membrane separator (6). The output end of the exhaust pipe (7) is connected to the vacuum pump (8). The input end of the oil outlet pipe (16) extends into the upper part of the hydrogenation chamber of the high-pressure tank (1). The output end of the oil outlet pipe (16) is provided with a pressure limiting valve. It also includes a groove (9) and a drain pipe (10). The upper surface of the spiral plate (5) is provided with a groove (9). The surface of the groove (9) is provided with a hydrophilic and oleophobic layer. The drain pipe (10) is installed at the bottom of the high pressure tank (1). The input end of the drain pipe (10) extends into the bottom of the hydrogenation chamber of the high pressure tank (1). A valve is installed at the output end of the drain pipe (10). It also includes a protrusion one (11) and a protrusion two (12), which are installed on the lower surface of the spiral plate (5), and catalysts are provided on the surfaces of both the protrusion one (11) and the protrusion two (12). It also includes a bearing (13), multiple guide vanes (14) and an outer ring (15). The output end of the hydrogen inlet pipe (4) is arranged opposite to the output end of the oil inlet pipe (3). The bearing (13) is fitted on the outer wall of the output end of the hydrogen inlet pipe (4). Multiple guide vanes (14) are connected to the outer ring of the bearing (13). Multiple guide vanes (14) are evenly arranged around the circumference. Multiple guide vanes (14) are inclined to the vertical plane. The outer ends of multiple guide vanes (14) are connected to the inner wall of the outer ring (15). The outer ring (15) is located on the lower outer side of the bearing (13). It also includes a purification chamber (19), a partition (20), an ammonia decomposition chamber (21), a hydrogen sulfide decomposition chamber (22), and a three-way valve (23). The purification chamber (19) is equipped with a purification chamber. The partition (20) is installed in the middle of the purification chamber of the purification chamber (19). A gap for gas to pass through is provided between one end of the partition (20) and the inner wall of the purification chamber (19). The ammonia decomposition chamber (21) is provided on the upper part of the partition (20), and the hydrogen sulfide decomposition chamber (22) is provided on the lower part of the partition (20). The input end of the purification chamber (19) is connected to the output end of the vacuum pump (8) through a pipeline. The output end of the purification chamber (19) is connected to the first channel of the three-way valve (23). The input end of the hydrogen inlet pipe (4) is connected to the second channel of the three-way valve (23). The third channel of the three-way valve (23) is connected to the external hydrogen system.

2. The lubricating oil hydrorefining equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes pressure sensor one (17) and pressure sensor two (18), which are installed on the high pressure tank (1). The probe of pressure sensor one (17) extends into the hydrogenation chamber of the high pressure tank (1), and the probe of pressure sensor two (18) extends into the interior of the permeate membrane separation cylinder (6).

3. The lubricating oil hydrorefining equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a second heater (24) and multiple guide plates (25). The second heater (24) is mounted on the first partition (20), and the multiple guide plates (25) are mounted in the purification chamber of the purification box (19). The multiple guide plates (25) divide the space above the first partition (20) into an upper rotary channel.

4. The lubricating oil hydrorefining equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes multiple flow guide plates (26), an oxygen inlet pipe (27), a second permeation membrane assembly (28), and a residual gas pipe (29). Multiple flow guide plates (26) are installed in the purification chamber of the purification box (19). Multiple flow guide plates (26) divide the space below the partition plate (20) into a lower rotary channel. The oxygen inlet pipe (27) is installed on the side wall of the purification box (19). The output end of the oxygen inlet pipe (27) extends into the inlet of the lower rotary channel. The second permeation membrane assembly (28) is installed at the outlet of the lower rotary channel. The residual gas pipe (29) is installed on the side wall of the purification box (19). The input end of the residual gas pipe (29) extends into the outlet of the lower rotary channel. The residual gas pipe (29) is located in front of the second permeation membrane assembly (28).

5. The lubricating oil hydrorefining equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an atmospheric pressure tank (30), a second suction pipe (31), a return pipe (32), and a second oil outlet pipe (33). An atmospheric pressure chamber is set inside the atmospheric pressure tank (30). The output end of the oil outlet pipe (16) extends into the middle of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank (30). The input end of the second suction pipe (31) extends into the top of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank (30). The output end of the second suction pipe (31) is connected to the input end of the suction pump (8). The input end of the return pipe (32) extends into the bottom of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank (30). The output end of the return pipe (32) is connected to the input end of the high pressure pump (2). The input end of the second oil outlet pipe (33) extends into the lower middle part of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank (30).

6. The lubricating oil hydrorefining equipment as described in claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a vertical partition (34), filter plate one (35), pressure sensor three (36), pressure sensor four (37), and filter plate two (38). The vertical partition (34) is vertically installed in the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank (30). Filter plate one (35) is installed on the lower part of the vertical partition (34). Pressure sensor three (36) and pressure sensor four (37) are installed on the atmospheric pressure tank (30). The probes of pressure sensor three (36) and pressure sensor four (37) extend into the air. In the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank (30), pressure sensor three (36), oil outlet pipe (16), air extraction pipe two (31) and return pipe (32) are located on the right side of vertical partition (34) and filter plate one (35), oil outlet pipe two (33) and pressure sensor four (37) are located on the left side of vertical partition (34) and filter plate one (35), filter plate two (38) is installed at the bottom of the atmospheric pressure chamber of the atmospheric pressure tank (30), and return pipe (32) is located below filter plate two (38).

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