Impact type turbodrill

Abstract

The invention discloses an impact type turbine drill, and relates to the technical field of well drilling downhole tools, the impact type turbine drill comprises a turbine section assembly and a supporting section, a shell of the turbine section assembly is in threaded connection with a shell of the supporting section, and a turbine shaft in the turbine section assembly is in transmission connection with a shaft body in the supporting section through a spline; an impact generating mechanism is installed in the supporting joint and comprises a disc spring set, an impact hammer and an impact seat, and the impact hammer can axially slide in a guide groove of an inner cavity of a shell of the supporting joint. One end of the disc spring set is connected with the inner wall of the bearing joint shell, and the other end of the disc spring set is connected with the punch hammer. The other end of the punch hammer is assembled and connected with the impact seat; the contact surfaces of the punch hammer and the impact seat are connected through a ratchet structure; the impact seat is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft. The impact type turbine drill is of an all-metal structure and can resist high temperature; by arranging the impact generating mechanism, broken rocks can be cut at a high speed and also can be impacted, and the drilling efficiency of stratums with medium hardness or above can be greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of downhole drilling tools, in particular to an impact turbine drill. Background Art

[0002] Currently, rotary drilling tools utilize a "rotating table + down-the-hole hammer" system to achieve rotary impact. This makes them difficult to pair with downhole motors, prone to insufficient rotary power, and limited by the pump pressure of the mud pump. Hydraulic hammers are suitable for drilling depths exceeding 5,000 meters, significantly limiting their application in deep and ultra-deep wells. Jet-type hydraulic hammers are complex in structure, have numerous inherent wear parts, and have a short lifespan. The service life of a hydraulic down-the-hole hammer is significantly affected by many factors, including the drilling fluid. In particular, the erosion of wear parts such as valves and pistons by high-speed jets of solid particles in the drilling fluid results in a service life of only approximately 60 hours. Existing rotary drilling tools have a long hammer stroke during use, making them poorly compatible with the drill bit. While many models of hydraulic hammers can achieve a stroke of up to 60 mm during rotary drilling, this places significant impact loads on the drill bit. Furthermore, exploratory approaches to increasing drilling speed by combining downhole power drilling tools with axial and torsional impacts have been developed, but are still immature and often developed in conjunction with conventional screw drilling tools, making them difficult to adapt to high-temperature formations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an impact turbodrill to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Based on the high temperature resistance and high speed output characteristics of the turbodrill and the principle of impact rock crushing speed increase, the downhole power drilling technology and impact speed increase are combined to increase the impact frequency and rotary cutting frequency to achieve the purpose of improving drilling efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides an impact-type turbine drill, comprising a turbine section assembly and a supporting section, the shell of the turbine section assembly and the outer shell of the supporting section are connected by threads, and the turbine shaft in the turbine section assembly and the shaft body in the supporting section are connected by spline transmission; an impact generating mechanism is installed in the supporting section, and the impact generating mechanism includes a disc spring group, a hammer and an impact seat, and the hammer can slide axially in the guide groove of the inner cavity of the supporting section outer shell; one end of the disc spring group is connected to the inner wall of the supporting section outer shell, and the other end of the disc spring group is connected to the hammer; the other end of the hammer is assembled and connected to the impact seat, and the contact surface between the hammer and the impact seat is a ratchet structure connection; the impact seat and the transmission shaft are fixedly connected.

[0005] In one embodiment, the turbine segment assembly is composed of a plurality of turbine segments connected to each other, and the number of the turbine segments is less than or equal to three.

[0006] In one embodiment, the turbine section includes a shell, a turbine shaft is installed in the shell, the turbine shaft is connected to a spline shaft and a spline sleeve at the top and bottom respectively, a turbine assembly and a centering bearing are axially arranged in the annular flow channel between the turbine shaft and the inner cavity of the shell; and a bearing group is arranged below the turbine shaft.

[0007] In one embodiment, the turbine assembly is provided in multiple stages along the axial direction, and each stage of the turbine assembly is composed of a pair of turbine stators and a turbine rotor.

[0008] In one embodiment, the casing between the turbine section and the casing between the turbine section and the supporting section are connected by threads; one end of the shaft of the turbine section is provided with a spline, and the other end is equipped with a spline coupling, and the spline coupling is connected to the spline on the shaft of the next turbine section; the spline coupling of the turbine section shaft is transmission-connected to the spline nut of the supporting section shaft.

[0009] In one embodiment, the support section includes a shell, a transmission shaft is installed in the shell, a second centering bearing and a second thrust bearing are installed on the transmission shaft in sequence, and the upper end of the transmission shaft is connected to the joint on the shell through a spline nut.

[0010] In one embodiment, the impact generating mechanism is arranged in the inner cavity of the lower joint of the shell; the inner cavity of the shell is located above the impact generating mechanism and is provided with a shaft fixing nut.

[0011] In one embodiment, three key-shaped teeth are provided on the outer side of the hammer, and three guide grooves are provided on the inner wall of the outer shell of the support section at positions corresponding to the three key-shaped teeth, and the key-shaped teeth can slide axially in the guide grooves.

[0012] In one embodiment, the impact seat and the transmission shaft are fixed together by means of threads or welding; according to the impact frequency requirement, the contact surfaces of the hammer and the impact seat are assembled and connected with a corresponding number of ratchet teeth.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial technical effects:

[0014] The impact-type turbine drill tool in the present invention includes a turbine section assembly and a supporting section. The end of the turbine section assembly is equipped with a supporting section. The shell of the turbine section assembly is connected to the outer shell of the supporting section by a threaded connection. The turbine shaft in the turbine section assembly is connected to the shaft body in the supporting section by a spline transmission. An impact generating mechanism is installed in the supporting section. The impact generating mechanism includes a disc spring group, a hammer and an impact seat. The hammer can slide axially in the guide groove of the inner cavity of the supporting section outer shell. One end of the disc spring group is connected to the inner wall of the supporting section outer shell, and the other end of the disc spring group is connected to the hammer. The other end of the hammer is assembled and connected to the impact seat, and the contact surface of the hammer and the impact seat is connected by a ratchet structure. The impact seat is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft. This impact-type turbodrill adopts an all-metal structure and is resistant to high temperatures. By setting up an impact generating mechanism, it can not only cut and crush rocks at high speed, but also crush rocks with impact, which can greatly improve the drilling efficiency in medium-hard and above formations. Among them, the working speed can reach 600-1200r / min and the impact frequency can reach 10-60 Hz. It rotates in one direction and has certain anti-braking performance, which helps to improve the turbodrill's ability to handle complex situations. It has a simple structure, a higher inclination rate, and a longer service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the impact turbine drill;

[0017] Figure 2 This is the structural composition diagram of the turbine section;

[0018] Figure 3 It is the structural composition diagram of the supporting section;

[0019] Among them, 1. Variable wire joint; 2. Turbine section; 21. Housing; 22. Centering bearing 1; 23. Turbine stator; 24. Turbine rotor; 25. Thrust bearing 1; 26. Turbine shaft; 27. Spline coupling; 3. Support section; 31. Upper joint of housing; 32. Housing; 33. Lower joint of housing; 34. Spline nut; 35 Centering bearing 2; 36. Thrust bearing 2; 37. Shaft fixing nut; 38. Disc spring assembly; 39. Hammer; 310. Impact seat; 311. Drive shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an impact turbodrill to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Based on the high temperature resistance and high speed output characteristics of the turbodrill and the principle of impact rock crushing speed increase, the downhole power drilling technology and impact speed increase are combined to increase the impact frequency and rotary cutting frequency to achieve the purpose of improving drilling efficiency.

[0022] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides an impact-type turbine drill, comprising a turbine section 2 assembly and a support section 3. The end of the turbine section 2 assembly is assembled with the support section 3, and an impact generating mechanism is installed in the support section 3. The impact generating mechanism includes a disc spring group 38, a hammer 39 and an impact seat 310. The hammer 39 can slide axially in a guide groove in the inner cavity of the outer shell 32 of the support section 3; one end of the disc spring group 38 is connected to the inner wall of the outer shell 32 of the support section 3, and the other end of the disc spring group 38 is connected to the hammer 39; the other end of the hammer 39 is assembled and connected to the impact seat 310, and the contact surface between the hammer 39 and the impact seat 310 is a ratchet structure connection; the impact seat 310 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 311.

[0024] In one embodiment, the turbine segment 2 assembly is composed of several interconnected turbine segments 2, with the number of turbine segments 2 being less than or equal to three. The impact turbine drill tool comprises one to three turbine segments 2 and one support segment 3. The turbine segment 2 is a conventional turbine segment 2, and the support segment 3 comprises a drive shaft 311, a housing 32, a thrust bearing 35, a centering bearing 36, a centering bearing 31, and an impact generating mechanism. Drilling fluid passes through the turbine segment 2 to generate torque, driving the drive shaft 311 of the support segment 3 to rotate. During the rotation of the drive shaft 311, the impact generating mechanism generates axial impact. The lower portion of the drive shaft 311 is connected to the drill bit, which drives the drill bit to rotate and impact rock.

[0025] In one embodiment, the turbine section 2 includes a housing 21, within which a turbine shaft 26 is mounted. The turbine shaft 26 is connected to a spline shaft and a spline sleeve at the top and bottom, respectively. A turbine assembly and a centering bearing 22 are axially mounted in the annular flow channel between the turbine shaft 26 and the inner cavity of the housing 21. A bearing assembly is mounted below the turbine shaft 26. The spline shaft and turbine shaft 26 are integral, meaning the turbine shaft 26 has a spline structure on its upper portion and a spline sleeve (spline coupling) threadedly connected to its lower portion. In the turbine section 2, the spline sleeve presses and secures all turbine rotors 24, the centering bearing inner sleeve, and the thrust bearing rotor disc to the turbine shaft 26, forming a rotating system. All turbine stators 23, the centering bearing outer sleeve, and the thrust bearing stator disc are fixed to the housing 21, forming a stationary system. The support section 3 is similar. A drilling fluid flow channel is located between the turbine stator and rotor blades.

[0026] In one embodiment, the turbine assembly is provided in multiple stages along the axial direction, and each stage of the turbine assembly is composed of a pair of turbine stators 23 and a turbine rotor 24 .

[0027] In one embodiment, a variable thread connector 1 is provided at one end of the housing 21, the housing 21 of the turbine section assembly is connected to the outer shell 32 of the support section 3 by a thread, a spline is provided at one end of the turbine shaft 26 of the turbine section 2, and a spline coupling 27 is assembled at the other end, and the spline coupling 27 is connected to the spline on the shaft body of the next turbine section 2; the spline coupling 27 of the turbine shaft 26 is transmission-connected to the spline nut 34 of the support section shaft body.

[0028] Specifically, the turbine section 2 comprises a tubular housing 21, with a variable thread connector 1 mounted at the upper end. A turbine shaft 26 is threaded into the housing 21, with a splined shaft and splined sleeve threaded into the upper and lower ends of the turbine shaft 26, respectively. A turbine assembly and a centering bearing 22 are axially mounted in the annular flow channel between the turbine shaft 26 and the interior of the housing 21. Each turbine stage assembly consists of a pair of turbine stators 23 and a turbine rotor 24. The turbine stator 23 is secured to the interior of the housing 21 via an upper adjustment sleeve, a flow divider spacer, and a clearance adjustment sleeve. The turbine rotor 24 and centering bearing 22 are secured to the turbine shaft 26 via an upper adjustment ring, a flow divider sleeve, and a clearance adjustment spacer. A thrust bearing 25 is mounted below the turbine shaft 26 through a bearing seat. The thrust bearing 25 is axially secured to the turbine shaft 26 via a dynamic ring spacer and a lower adjustment sleeve. The bearing seat is positioned at the top and bottom by a stationary ring seat, a lower guide sleeve, and a lower adjustment sleeve.

[0029] The turbine section 2 adopts a suspended structure (meaning that a thrust bearing is installed at the lower part of the turbine section 2, so that the turbine rotor 24 is constrained in the axial direction, the axial stator-rotor gap of the turbine section 2 is fixed, and the stator-rotor gaps of each turbine section 2 in a multi-turbine section 2 drilling tool do not interfere with each other), that is, the turbine section 2 is installed with a thrust bearing, and the thrust bearing limits the axial displacement of the turbine shaft 26. This makes it easier to install when the axial gaps between the turbine sections 2 and between the turbine sections 2 and the support section 3 are connected without interfering with each other.

[0030] In one embodiment, the support section 3 includes a shell 32, in which a transmission shaft 311, a second centering bearing and a second thrust bearing 35, a second centering bearing 36 are installed in sequence on the transmission shaft 311, and the upper end of the transmission shaft 311 is connected to the upper joint 31 of the shell through a spline nut 34.

[0031] In one embodiment, the impact generating mechanism is disposed in the inner cavity of the lower housing joint 33 of the housing 32 ; a shaft fixing nut 37 is disposed in the inner cavity of the housing 32 above the impact generating mechanism.

[0032] In one embodiment, the hammer 39 is provided with three key-shaped teeth on its exterior, and the housing 32 has three corresponding guide grooves within which the key-shaped teeth can slide axially. The impact seat 310 and the transmission shaft 311 are secured together by threads or welding. Depending on the desired impact frequency, the contact surfaces of the hammer 39 and the impact seat 310 are assembled with a corresponding number of ratchet teeth.

[0033] The working principle of the impact turbodrill in the present invention is as follows:

[0034] As drilling fluid passes through the drill string, the turbine section 2 converts the fluid's kinetic energy into mechanical energy, driving the turbine shaft 26 to generate rotation and torque. The turbine shaft 26, through a spline connection, drives the drive shaft 311 in the support section 3. The rotation of the drive shaft 311 drives the impact seat 310, which, through the ratchet contact surface, pushes the hammer 39 upward. The hammer 39 compresses the disc spring assembly 38 to store energy. After reaching its highest point, the hammer 39, propelled by the disc spring assembly 38, strikes the impact seat 310 downward, bringing it to its lowest point. This cycle repeats, allowing the drive shaft 311 to drive the drill bit to impact and crush rock. Simultaneously, the rotation of the drive shaft 311 drives the drill bit to cut and crush rock, thus achieving rotary percussive drilling.

[0035] The impact frequency is related to the number of teeth on the ratchet and the rotational speed. The impact frequency is equal to the product of the rotational speed and the number of teeth. Therefore, at the same rotational speed, the greater the number of teeth, the higher the impact frequency. The ratchet structure can only rotate in one direction, which improves the turbodrill's ability to handle complex situations.

[0036] It should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from all perspectives, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. It is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be included in the present invention, and any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims to which they relate.

[0037] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. An impact turbodrill, characterized in that: It includes a turbine section assembly and a supporting section, the shell of the turbine section assembly is connected to the outer shell of the supporting section by threads, and the turbine shaft in the turbine section assembly is connected to the shaft body in the supporting section by spline transmission; an impact generating mechanism is installed in the supporting section, and the impact generating mechanism includes a disc spring group, a hammer and an impact seat, and the hammer can slide axially in the guide groove of the inner cavity of the supporting section shell; one end of the disc spring group is connected to the inner wall of the supporting section shell, and the other end of the disc spring group is connected to the hammer; the other end of the hammer is assembled and connected to the impact seat, and the contact surface of the hammer and the impact seat is a ratchet structure connection; the impact seat and the transmission shaft are fixedly connected.

2. The impact turbodrill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The turbine section assembly is composed of a plurality of turbine sections connected to each other, and the number of the turbine sections is less than or equal to three.

3. The impact turbodrill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The turbine section includes a shell, a turbine shaft is installed in the shell, a spline shaft and a spline sleeve are respectively provided on the upper and lower parts of the turbine shaft, a turbine assembly and a centering bearing are axially arranged in the annular flow channel between the turbine shaft and the inner cavity of the shell; a bearing group is arranged below the turbine shaft.

4. The impact turbodrill according to claim 3, characterized in that: The turbine assembly is arranged in multiple stages along the axial direction, and each stage of the turbine assembly consists of a pair of turbine stators and a turbine rotor.

5. The impact turbodrill according to claim 3, characterized in that: The casings between the turbine sections and between the turbine sections and the supporting sections are connected by threads; one end of the shaft of the turbine section is provided with a spline, and the other end is equipped with a spline coupling, and the spline coupling is connected to the spline on the shaft of the next turbine section; the spline coupling of the turbine section shaft is transmission-connected to the spline nut of the supporting section shaft.

6. The impact turbodrill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support section includes a shell, a transmission shaft is installed in the shell, a second centering bearing and a second thrust bearing are installed on the transmission shaft in sequence, and the upper end of the transmission shaft is connected to the upper joint of the shell through a spline nut.

7. The impact turbodrill according to claim 6, characterized in that: The impact generating mechanism is arranged at the inner cavity of the lower joint of the shell; the inner cavity of the shell is located above the impact generating mechanism and is provided with a shaft fixing nut.

8. The impact turbodrill according to claim 1, wherein: Three key-shaped teeth are arranged on the outer side of the punch hammer, and three guide grooves are arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell of the support section at positions corresponding to the three key-shaped teeth, and the key-shaped teeth can slide axially in the guide grooves.

9. The impact turbodrill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact seat and the transmission shaft are fixed together by means of threads or welding; according to the impact frequency requirements, the contact surfaces of the hammer and the impact seat are assembled and connected with a corresponding number of ratchet teeth.

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