High-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging device and method.The device comprises a control module, a transmission module, an ultrasonic transducer, a sensor and a centralizer, the ultrasonic transducer is of a symmetrical structure composed of two or more transducers with the same parameters, and the space between the transducers is filled with sound absorption materials; the upper and lower ends of the device are provided with expansion ports which can be integrated with other logging devices. By means of the symmetrical double-probe or multi-probe design, the ultrasonic data acquisition efficiency is multiplied, the well logging speed is greatly increased on the premise that the imaging precision is guaranteed, the hole collapse risk is reduced, and integrated synchronous acquisition with other well logging methods is achieved. The method has important application value in the fields of carbonate reservoir evaluation, shaft integrity monitoring and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to an ultrasonic detection device and data processing method for high-speed and high-precision imaging of borehole walls, which is suitable for wellbore integrity assessment in oil well logging, geological survey and engineering inspection. Background Art

[0002] Ultrasonic borehole imaging (UBI, CBIL) is an advanced logging technology that uses high-frequency ultrasonic waves to scan the wellbore wall. It works by transmitting ultrasonic pulses through a rotating or arrayed transducer and receiving echo signals reflected from the wellbore wall. High-resolution images of the wellbore wall are generated by measuring the acoustic wave amplitude and propagation time. The amplitude image reflects the intensity of the acoustic wave reflection from the wellbore wall (enabling the identification of fractures, vugs, and lithologic variations), while the propagation time image accurately depicts the wellbore geometry (including caliper, collapse, and casing deformation). This technology is applicable to both openhole and cased wells and can effectively detect fracture networks, formation anisotropy, and engineering defects (such as cement bond quality). It offers irreplaceable advantages in carbonate reservoir evaluation, geostress analysis, and wellbore integrity monitoring, particularly under complex wellbore conditions such as high temperature and high pressure.

[0003] Currently, ultrasonic imaging logging technology and equipment suffer from limited vertical and lateral resolution. Traditional ultrasonic imaging logging is constrained by transducer scanning speed and logging speed, which can result in blurred images or missing information. The ultrasonic probe rotates 360° to scan the borehole wall, typically requiring at least 360 acquisition points per revolution. However, the ultrasonic acquisition rate and probe rotation rate are limited. To ensure scanning accuracy, the logging speed must be reduced. For deephole exploration, prolonged testing can increase the risk of borehole collapse.

[0004] In existing technologies, the transducer of ultrasonic imaging logging devices typically uses a single probe design, resulting in low data acquisition efficiency. When resolution needs to be increased, the logging speed must be further reduced, which not only increases detection time and cost but also significantly increases the probability of risks such as borehole collapse. Furthermore, the data acquisition speed is not comparable to other logging methods, making it difficult to achieve integrated and simultaneous acquisition of multiple parameters, limiting further improvements in logging efficiency.

[0005] For example, the traditional ultrasound imaging data acquisition form is a single helical structure, such as Figure 1 As shown, during rotary scanning and probe movement, the probe movement rate typically does not exceed 10 meters per minute to ensure horizontal and vertical resolution of data points. For deep boreholes, prolonged probing can cause stress imbalances in the formation surrounding the borehole wall, easily leading to hole collapse and seriously compromising the safety and reliability of probing operations.

[0006] Therefore, how to improve the logging speed, reduce the risk of hole collapse, and achieve integrated synchronous acquisition with other logging methods while ensuring imaging accuracy has become a key technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging device and method to solve the problems of limited vertical and lateral resolution, slow logging speed and inability to integrate with other logging methods in the prior art ultrasonic imaging logging.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging device, which is characterized in that it includes a control module, a transmission module, an ultrasonic transducer, a sensor and a stabilizer; the control module is used to provide a transmission signal to the ultrasonic transducer, provide driving power to the transmission module, send instructions, and receive signals; the transmission module is a rotation module, used to drive the ultrasonic transducer to rotate at high speed; the ultrasonic transducer is used to transmit high-frequency focused ultrasonic waves and receive ultrasonic signals reflected from the hole wall. The ultrasonic transducer adopts two or more transducers with the same parameters to form a symmetrical structure, and the gaps between the transducers are filled with sound-absorbing material; the sensor is used to record the azimuth, inclination and other states of the probe in real time; the stabilizer is used to coincide the center of the detection device with the center of the borehole.

[0009] Furthermore, the upper and lower ends of the detection device are expansion ports for integration with other logging devices.

[0010] Furthermore, the transmission module is a high-speed rotating motor with a stable and adjustable speed, and the motor is sealed and waterproof.

[0011] Furthermore, the sensor is a high-precision electronic compass for recording the inclination and orientation of the probe in real time.

[0012] Furthermore, the ultrasonic transducer has synchronous transmitting and receiving functions, the housing of the transducer is made of high-strength material, and the impedance of the housing is equivalent to that of water and sealing oil.

[0013] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging method based on the above device, characterized in that it includes the following steps: S1, probe placement: Place the probe in the borehole and use a centralizer to align the center of the probe with the center of the borehole; S2, probe transmission: Use a drill pipe, push rod or cable to connect the probe, move the probe by thrust or probe weight, and record the probe depth h (t) in real time; S3, data acquisition: calibrate a certain direction of the detection device as a reference point. Each time the motor rotates one circle, it generates an identification signal when passing the reference point. , the ultrasonic transducer transmits high-frequency focused ultrasonic waves and receives echo signals; S4, azimuth correction: correcting the azimuth of the location of the identification signal according to the azimuth information recorded by the sensor; S5, data processing: extract the arrival time Ta and maximum amplitude A of the reflected wave from each transducer acquisition signal, normalize the arrival time Ta and amplitude A by time according to the identification signal, and perform angle correction on the data acquired by different transducers; S6, Results display: According to the identification signal , depth h (t), arrival time Ta, and azimuth angle of amplitude A, calculate the coordinates of the data points, and obtain the three-dimensional aperture map and reflection amplitude map of the borehole wall.

[0014] Furthermore, in the data acquisition step, the operating frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 500kHz to 10MHz.

[0015] Furthermore, in the data processing step, the arrival time Ta and the amplitude A are normalized according to time, so that each data is evenly distributed between adjacent identification signals.

[0016] Furthermore, in the achievement display step, the formula for calculating the data point coordinates is: ; ;

[0017] in is the drilling radius of the i-th sample point within the rotation period, is the arrival time of the sample point, is the wave velocity of the wellbore fluid, generally 1540m / s. is the total number of sample points in this rotation period. is the probe orientation at the start of the rotation cycle. Azimuth deviations caused by probe rotation or borehole inclination can be corrected, avoiding the angular errors caused by wellbore deviations in traditional methods where fixed reference points are used. Azimuth information is synchronized with other logging data, providing a unified benchmark for multi-parameter interpretation.

[0018] Furthermore, the method also includes a step of integrating synchronous acquisition with other logging methods, connecting other logging devices through the expansion ports at the upper and lower ends of the detection device to synchronously collect and process data.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention significantly improves ultrasonic data acquisition efficiency by acquiring data through symmetrical dual or multiple probes. Compared to traditional detection devices and methods, this method exponentially increases detection speed while maintaining imaging accuracy, significantly improving borehole detection efficiency and enabling integration with other well logging methods.

[0020] The data samples collected using the device and method of the present invention are double-helix or multi-helix structures. Under the condition of ensuring detection accuracy, the test speed can be increased exponentially, significantly reducing the risk of hole collapse. Compared with the traditional single-probe device with a detection speed of no more than 10m per minute, the multi-probe device of the present invention can increase the detection speed exponentially. In addition, after the acquisition speed of the device of the present invention is improved, it can match the speed of other testing methods, perform multi-parameter integration, and further improve the hole measurement efficiency. By connecting with other logging devices through the expansion port, multiple logging operations such as gamma logging and resistivity logging can be carried out simultaneously, achieving the completion of multiple detection tasks in one trip down the well, greatly reducing operation time and cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a traditional probe single helix data acquisition.

[0022] Figure 2 This is the overall structure of the high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging device in the embodiment.

[0023] Figure 3 This is the probe structure in the embodiment.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a symmetrical probe double helix data acquisition.

[0025] Figure 5 It is a symmetrical probe triple helix data acquisition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention but are merely intended to illustrate the present invention.

[0027] In the specific embodiments, steps, material selections, and numerical parameters that are not described in detail are all conventional choices in the prior art or any currently disclosed prior art.

[0028] The detection device of the present invention is as follows Figure 2 As shown, it includes a control module, a transmission module, an ultrasonic transducer, a sensor, and a centralizer, as follows: Control module: Used to provide transmission signals to the transducer, drive power to the transmission module, send instructions, receive signals, etc. The system uses a high-performance microprocessor as the core control unit, equipped with a dedicated signal processing circuit and power management module, which can accurately control the transmission timing and power of the ultrasonic transducer, as well as the operating parameters of the transmission module.

[0029] The transmission module is a rotary drive module featuring a high-speed, adjustable, and sealed, waterproof motor. This permanent magnet synchronous motor offers stable speed, a wide speed range, and high efficiency. The motor's sealing structure utilizes multiple layers of waterproof seals and adhesive to effectively prevent liquids from the drilled hole from seeping into the motor, ensuring proper operation in humid environments.

[0030] Ultrasonic transducer: used to transmit high-frequency focused ultrasonic waves and receive ultrasonic signals reflected from the hole wall. The ultrasonic probe uses two or more transducers with the same parameters to form a symmetrical structure (such as Figure 3 (As shown in the figure), the transducers feature simultaneous transmission and reception. The gaps between the transducers are filled with sound-absorbing material to prevent signal interference between the probes. The transducer's operating frequency can be adjusted from 500kHz to 10MHz to accommodate varying geological conditions and accuracy requirements.

[0031] Sensor: This sensor records the probe's azimuth, tilt, and other states in real time. It's typically a high-precision electronic compass. This electronic compass uses a three-axis magnetoresistive sensor and a three-axis accelerometer, combined with advanced digital signal processing algorithms, to accurately measure the probe's azimuth, tilt, and roll angles in real time, with an accuracy of ±0.5°.

[0032] Centralizer: Used to align the center of the probe with the center of the borehole, ensuring the probe is centered within the borehole and improving imaging accuracy. Made of elastic material, the centralizer has a certain degree of flexibility to accommodate boreholes of varying diameters.

[0033] The detector features expansion ports at both ends, allowing integration with other logging devices for simultaneous multi-parameter acquisition. The device's housing is constructed of high-strength materials, such as titanium alloy or high-strength stainless steel, offering excellent pressure and corrosion resistance, capable of withstanding the high-pressure environment within the borehole.

[0034] The detection technology solution of this embodiment includes the following steps: Probe placement: Place the probe in the borehole and use a centralizer to align the center of the detection device with the center of the borehole to ensure that the probe is centered in the borehole, laying the foundation for subsequent accurate imaging.

[0035] Probe Transfer: Connect the probe using a drill pipe, push rod, or cable. The probe is moved by thrust or its own weight, and the probe's depth h (t) is recorded in real time. During transfer, the control module monitors the probe's speed and position in real time to ensure smooth movement.

[0036] Data collection: A certain direction of the detection device is marked as a reference point. Each time the motor rotates one circle, it generates an identification signal when passing the reference point. During the data acquisition process, the ultrasonic transducer synchronously transmits high-frequency focused ultrasonic waves and receives the echo signals reflected by the hole wall.

[0037] Azimuth correction: The location of the identification signal is the range of the probe. The orientation of the location is corrected according to the orientation information recorded by the sensor to ensure the accuracy of the orientation of the collected data.

[0038] Data Processing: The arrival time Ta and maximum amplitude A of the reflected wave in the ultrasonic signal collected by each transducer are extracted. The arrival time Ta and amplitude A are normalized by time based on the marker signal, ensuring that the data is evenly distributed between adjacent marker signals. Because the data collected by different transducers have fixed angle differences, these data require angle correction and fusion processing.

[0039] Achievement display: According to the identification signal The coordinates of each data point are calculated based on the depth h(t), the arrival time Ta, and the azimuth angle of the amplitude A. This yields a 3D map of the borehole diameter and reflection amplitude. Professional imaging software processes and visualizes the data, generating intuitive and clear images of the borehole wall.

[0040] Example 1: Specific implementation of a dual-probe drilling ultrasonic imaging device Device composition and structure The dual-probe drilling ultrasonic imaging device in this embodiment uses two high-frequency focused ultrasonic transducers as ultrasonic transducers. The two transducers are arranged symmetrically at 180°, with the gap between them filled with polyurethane sound-absorbing material. The transducer housing is made of titanium alloy, and the housing impedance matches the impedance of water and sealing oil to minimize ultrasonic reflection and energy loss.

[0041] Working methods Probe placement: The dual-probe ultrasonic imaging device is lowered into the borehole through the drill pipe. When the device reaches the predetermined depth, the elastic steel sheet of the centralizer opens under the pressure of the borehole wall, so that the center of the device coincides with the center of the borehole.

[0042] Probe transport: The drill pipe pushes the device downward, with the speed controlled by the control module based on the required detection accuracy. During the transport process, the electronic compass records the probe depth h (t) in real time and transmits the data to the control module.

[0043] Data acquisition: The control module marks the direction directly above the detection device as the reference point. When the motor rotates one circle and passes the reference point, it triggers the photoelectric encoder to generate an identification signal. As the motor rotates, the two ultrasonic transducers synchronously emit high-frequency focused ultrasonic waves. The transducers receive the echo signal reflected from the hole wall, which is amplified by the signal amplifier circuit and filtered out by the filter circuit before being sampled by the control module.

[0044] Azimuth correction: Based on the azimuth information recorded by the electronic compass, the azimuth of the location of the identification signal is corrected to ensure the azimuth accuracy of the data.

[0045] Data Processing: The control module processes the signals collected by each transducer, extracting the reflected wave arrival time Ta and maximum amplitude A. Based on the marker signal, the arrival time Ta and amplitude A are normalized by time, ensuring that the data is evenly distributed between adjacent marker signals. Because the two transducers are arranged 180° symmetrically, the collected data has a fixed 180° angle difference. The control module performs angle correction on this data, fusing the data from the two transducers into a complete circular data set.

[0046] Achievement display: The control module is based on the identification signal The coordinates of each data point are calculated using the depth h(t), arrival time Ta, and amplitude A. These coordinates are used to generate a 3D aperture map and reflection amplitude map of the borehole wall, which are then displayed and stored by the host computer software.

[0047] Attachment Figure 4 The data acquisition trajectory when using two symmetrical probes is a double helix structure, which greatly improves the density and efficiency of data acquisition compared to the traditional single helix structure. Device composition and structure The three-probe drilling ultrasonic imaging device in this embodiment is improved on the basis of the dual-probe device, with the following main differences: the ultrasonic transducer uses three high-frequency focused ultrasonic transducers, the three transducers are arranged symmetrically at 120°, and the gaps between them are filled with polyurethane sound-absorbing material.

[0048] The working method of this embodiment is essentially the same as that of Example 1, with the main difference being the data acquisition and processing. Because the three transducers are arranged symmetrically at 120°, the collected data exhibits a fixed 120° angle difference. The control module processes the signals collected by each transducer, extracting the reflected wave arrival time Ta and maximum amplitude A, and normalizing them by time. The data from the three transducers is then angle-corrected and fused to form a complete circular data set. During the fusion process, a weighted averaging method is used to weight the data based on the signal strength of each transducer, improving data reliability.

[0049] Attachment Figure 5 It shows that the data acquisition trajectory when using symmetrical three probes is a triple-helix structure, which greatly improves the density and efficiency of data acquisition compared to the traditional single-helix structure.

[0050] The above detailed description is a specific description of one feasible embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent implementation or modification that does not depart from the present invention should be included in the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging device, characterized in that: It includes a control module, a transmission module, an ultrasonic transducer, a sensor and a stabilizer; the control module is used to provide a transmission signal to the ultrasonic transducer, provide driving power to the transmission module, send instructions and receive signals; the transmission module is a rotation module, used to drive the ultrasonic transducer to rotate at high speed; the ultrasonic transducer is used to transmit high-frequency focused ultrasonic waves and receive ultrasonic signals reflected from the hole wall. The ultrasonic transducer uses two or more transducers with the same parameters to form a symmetrical structure, and the gaps between the transducers are filled with sound-absorbing materials; the sensor is used to record the azimuth, inclination and other states of the probe in real time; the stabilizer is used to coincide the center of the detection device with the center of the borehole.

2. The high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the detection device are expansion ports for integration with other logging devices.

3. The high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission module is a high-speed rotating motor with a stable and adjustable speed, and the motor is sealed and waterproof.

4. The high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor is a high-precision electronic compass, which is used to record the inclination and orientation of the probe in real time.

5. The high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic transducer has synchronous transmitting and receiving functions. The shell of the transducer is made of high-strength material, and the impedance of the shell is equivalent to that of water and sealing oil.

6. A high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging method based on the device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, probe placement: Place the probe in the borehole and use a centralizer to align the center of the probe with the center of the borehole; S2, probe transmission: Use drill pipe, push rod or cable to connect the probe, move the probe by thrust or probe weight, and record the probe depth h(t) in real time; S3, data acquisition: calibrate a certain direction of the detection device as a reference point. Each time the motor rotates one circle, it generates an identification signal when passing the reference point. , the ultrasonic transducer transmits high-frequency focused ultrasonic waves and receives echo signals; S4, orientation correction: according to the orientation recorded by the sensor The information correction identification signal location location; S5, data processing: extract the arrival time Ta and maximum amplitude A of the reflected wave from each transducer acquisition signal, normalize the arrival time Ta and amplitude A by time according to the identification signal, and perform angle correction on the data acquired by different transducers; S6, Achievements display: According to the identification signal , depth h (t), arrival time Ta, and azimuth angle of amplitude A, calculate the coordinates of the data points, and obtain the three-dimensional aperture map and reflection amplitude map of the borehole wall.

7. The high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the data acquisition step, the operating frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 500kHz to 10MHz.

8. The high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the data processing step, the arrival time Ta and amplitude A are normalized according to time so that each data is evenly distributed between adjacent identification signals.

9. The high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the achievement display step, the formula for calculating the data point coordinates is: ； ； in is the drilling radius of the i-th sample point within the rotation period, is the arrival time of the sample point, is the wave velocity of the wellbore fluid, generally 1540m / s. is the total number of sample points in the rotation period, is the probe orientation at the start of the rotation cycle.

10. The high-precision drilling ultrasonic imaging method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method also includes a step of integrating synchronous acquisition with other logging methods, connecting other logging devices through the expansion ports at the upper and lower ends of the detection device to synchronously acquire and process data.

Images