Underground drilling multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground drilling multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system and method, and relates to the field of underground drilling data acquisition, the system comprises a mechanical structure module and an electronic module, the electronic module is installed in an inner cavity of the mechanical structure module, and the mechanical structure module is connected with the electronic module. The mechanical structure module is used for sealing, waterproofing, dust filtering, filtering and controlling the electronic module, and the electronic module is used for detecting and correcting gas in real time. According to the underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system and method, the problems of cross sensitivity and baseline drift are effectively reduced through a multi-sensor fusion technology and an environment temperature and humidity dynamic compensation algorithm, so that the gas concentration detection error rate is reduced to be less than + / -2%, and the gas concentration detection error rate is reduced to be less than + / -2% by adopting airtight packaging and a nano hydrophobic coating; physical erosion of underground corrosive media to the sensor is reduced, and the service life of core elements is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of underground borehole data acquisition, and in particular to an underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system and method. Background Art

[0002] Existing technologies for gas monitoring and data collection primarily employ the following methods: Electrochemical principles or metal oxide semiconductor materials are used to detect gas concentrations, commonly used for industrial field monitoring. Sensors are buried directly underground or collected through conduits, relying on wired data transmission to surface terminals. Laboratory-based gas chromatography analysis involves regularly collecting underground gas samples and sending them to a laboratory for high-precision composition analysis using a gas chromatograph (GC) or mass spectrometer (MS), which requires manual operation and offline data processing. Multiple distributed gas sensor nodes are deployed, networked via wireless communication protocols such as ZigBee and LoRa, enabling regional gas concentration monitoring. Some systems integrate temperature and humidity compensation algorithms. Multi-node data is centrally processed via cloud platforms, combined with machine learning algorithms to predict gas diffusion trends. Some systems support remote mobile alarms.

[0003] However, the above methods have the following disadvantages: insufficient sensitivity and anti-interference ability, electrochemical sensors are easily affected by temperature and humidity fluctuations in the underground environment, resulting in baseline drift; semiconductor sensors have cross-sensitivity to multiple gases and a high false alarm rate; lifespan and maintenance cost, sensors buried underground for a long time are susceptible to corrosion and water vapor intrusion, electrodes age quickly, need frequent replacement, and have high maintenance costs; wired transmission is restricted, relying on cables to transmit data, the wiring is complex and easily damaged by geological activities, and it is difficult to adapt to large-scale distributed monitoring needs.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system and method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system and method, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: An underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system includes a mechanical structure module and an electronic module. The electronic module is installed in the inner cavity of the mechanical structure module. The mechanical structure module is used to seal, waterproof, filter dust, filter and control the electronic module. The electronic module is used for detecting and correcting gas in real time.

[0007] Preferably, the mechanical structure module includes an outer cylinder 1, an outer cylinder 2, an outer cylinder 3, an outer cylinder 4, and a top cover. The outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 are designed with aviation aluminum segments. The cylinder walls of the outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 are provided with M35 and M46 fine threads for connecting the outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 to form a main cylinder body. An air pump is installed on the outside of the main cylinder body. The inner cavity of the outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 is provided with M2 and M5 threaded holes. The cylinder segments of the outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 are crimped by sealing rings, and the pressure resistance level reaches 1MPa, which is used to adapt to the deep underground environment.

[0008] Preferably, the top cover is connected to the main cylinder through an M86 fine thread, a waterproof rubber ring and an O-ring are built between the top cover and the main cylinder, a handle and a hidden switch are integrated on the top of the top cover, and switches, buttons and RS485 / USB interfaces are reserved on the side of the top cover.

[0009] Preferably, a detection chamber and a control chamber are separately provided in the inner cavity of the main cylinder, and the detection chamber has a built-in dust filter and dehumidification filter. The detection chamber and the control chamber are isolated by an air pressure balancing valve, and the air pressure balancing valve is used to achieve dynamic balance of internal and external pressures and adapt to temperatures from -20°C to 50°C.

[0010] Preferably, the outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, outer cylinder 4, detection chamber and control chamber are all sealed with silicone plugs.

[0011] Preferably, the electronic module includes a sensor unit, a power supply control unit, a communication unit, and a water immersion protection unit. The sensor unit includes a multi-gas array, specifically CO, CO2, CH4, H2S, O2, and VOC sensors, which are connected to the main control board AIR780EG chip via an independent I²C bus. The surface of the sensor unit is sprayed with a nano-hydrophobic coating to reduce water vapor adsorption, and NH3 and SO2 sensors can also be expanded through a 1.25T-4PWB interface; Environmental compensation is also included, using the SPL06-001 pressure, temperature, and humidity sensor to monitor and adjust gas data in real time using the resistor network R1-R3.

[0012] Preferably, the power supply control unit controls the sensor power supply based on SI2306MOSFET time-sharing, cuts off the power supply when in sleep mode, and uses a high-capacity lithium battery with a battery life of more than 2 months; The communication unit includes wired and wireless, among which the wired: RS485 interface; wireless: 4G module compresses data and uploads it to the cloud. Wireless communication is based on the underground signal attenuation model and adaptive frequency hopping. The frequency band is: 433MHz / 868MHz to avoid interference. After the water immersion protection unit is triggered by the 2+1 pin water immersion probe, the SI2306 MOSFET cuts off the power supply of the air pump and mechanically closes the air inlet valve.

[0013] A method for collecting multi-parameter gas monitoring data from an underground borehole, comprising the following steps; S1: Gas is pumped into the main cylinder through an air pump. After being purified by a dust and moisture filter, the gas enters the detection chamber. The AIR780EG chip on the main control board activates the MOSFET in a time-sharing manner, sequentially collecting data from each sensor. The SPL06-001 monitors temperature, humidity, and pressure in real time, and corrects the gas concentration value through a compensation algorithm. S2: When the data is normal, it is uploaded to the ground terminal via RS485. In wireless mode, the 4G module compresses the data and encrypts it before uploading it to the cloud. S3: Sleep mechanism. When there is no task, the main control board AIR780EG chip enters sleep mode. The power consumption is ≤10μA. The sensor power supply is cut off by MOSFET. It is woken up regularly based on RTC control. The collection period is 1 hour by default. S4: Fault handling: When a water immersion signal is detected, the AIR780EG chip on the main control board cuts off the power supply to the air pump, thereby closing the air inlet valve, storing the event and issuing a red LED alarm, waiting for manual reset; S5: The AIR780EG chip on the main control board regularly diagnoses the sensor status and uploads the error code when a fault occurs.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a system and method for collecting multi-parameter gas monitoring data for underground boreholes, which has the following beneficial effects: This underground drilling multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system and method uses multi-sensor fusion technology combined with an ambient temperature and humidity dynamic compensation algorithm to effectively reduce cross-sensitivity and baseline drift problems, reducing the gas concentration detection error rate to below ±2%. It also uses airtight packaging and nano-hydrophobic coating to reduce the physical erosion of underground corrosive media on the sensor and extend the service life of core components.

[0015] This underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system and method optimizes the communication protocol based on an underground wireless signal attenuation model. Through adaptive frequency hopping and relay node sleep scheduling, it increases the data transmission success rate to over 95% under complex geological conditions, while reducing overall node power consumption by 40%. The combination of intelligent low-power chips and optimized algorithms significantly extends the device's lifespan on a single charge.

[0016] This underground drilling multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system and method uses a modular design to support the rapid plug-in and replacement of sensors, shortening maintenance time from 2-3 hours in traditional solutions to within 15 minutes. By replacing wired transmission with wireless technology, the wiring cost of a single square kilometer monitoring area is reduced by 90%. It also supports automatic location of node faults and remote firmware upgrades. At the same time, a multi-level protection structure is developed, such as an explosion-proof housing and an air pressure balance mechanism, so that the equipment can adapt to temperatures from -20°C to +50°C, meeting the needs of underground drilling, mining and other scenarios.

[0017] This underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system and method supports the simultaneous monitoring of multiple gases, such as CH4, CO2, H2S, etc., and provides high temporal and spatial resolution data for the study of underground gas migration patterns. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram for gas monitoring and data acquisition of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram for gas monitoring and data acquisition of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram for gas monitoring and data acquisition of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram for gas monitoring and data acquisition of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram for gas monitoring and data acquisition of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram for gas monitoring and data acquisition of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram for gas monitoring and data acquisition of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram for gas monitoring and data acquisition of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram for gas monitoring and data acquisition of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a circuit diagram for gas monitoring and data acquisition of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a circuit diagram for gas monitoring and data acquisition of the present invention; Figure 12 is a circuit diagram of the water immersion probe of the present invention; Figure 13 is a circuit diagram of a battery-powered circuit of the present invention; Figure 14 is a circuit diagram of the external power supply communication interface of the present invention; Figure 15 It is a circuit diagram of the external communication structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. Example 1:

[0020] like Figures 1-15 As shown, an underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system includes a mechanical structure module and an electronic module. The electronic module is installed in the inner cavity of the mechanical structure module. The mechanical structure module is used to seal, waterproof, filter dust, filter and control the electronic module. The electronic module is used to detect and correct gas in real time; The mechanical structure module includes outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, outer cylinder 4, and a top cover. Outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 are designed with aviation aluminum segments. The cylinder walls of outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 are provided with M35 and M46 fine threads for connecting outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 to form a main cylinder body. An air pump is installed on the outside of the main cylinder body. The inner cavities of outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 are provided with M2 and M5 threaded holes for fixing sensors and circuit boards. The cylinder segments of outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 are crimped by sealing rings, and the pressure resistance level reaches 1MPa, which is used to adapt to deep underground environments. The top cover is connected to the main cylinder through M86 fine threads. A waterproof rubber ring and O-ring are built in between the top cover and the main cylinder. The top of the top cover is integrated with a handle and a hidden switch. The side of the top cover is reserved for switches, buttons and RS485 / USB interfaces. The inner cavity of the main cylinder is divided into a detection chamber and a control chamber. The detection chamber has a built-in dust and dehumidification filter, and the control chamber is equipped with the main control board AIR780EG chip and communication module. The detection chamber and the control chamber are isolated by an air pressure balance valve. The air pressure balance valve is used to achieve dynamic balance between internal and external pressures and can adapt to temperatures from -20°C to 50°C. The air pressure balance valve is monitored by an SPL06-001 pressure sensor. Outer tube 1, outer tube 2, outer tube 3, outer tube 4, detection chamber and control chamber are all sealed with silicone plugs; The electronic module includes a sensor unit, power supply control unit, communication unit, and water immersion protection unit. The sensor unit includes a multi-gas array, specifically CO, CO2, CH4, H2S, O2, and VOC sensors, and is connected to the main control board AIR780EG chip via an independent I²C bus. The sensor unit surface is sprayed with a nano-hydrophobic coating to reduce water vapor adsorption. NH3 and SO2 sensors can also be expanded via a 1.25T-4PWB interface. It also includes environmental compensation, which uses the SPL06-001 pressure and temperature and humidity sensor to monitor and adjust the gas data in real time with the resistor network R1-R3; The power supply control unit uses SI2306MOSFET (Q13-Q28) to control the sensor power supply in a time-sharing manner, cuts off the power supply when in sleep mode, and is powered by a high-capacity lithium battery with a battery life of more than 2 months; The communication unit includes wired and wireless. The wired one has an RS485 interface and uses the MAX3485AEASA chip to enhance anti-interference. The wireless one uses a 4G module to compress data and upload it to the cloud. The wireless communication is based on an underground signal attenuation model and uses adaptive frequency hopping. The frequency bands are 433MHz / 868MHz to avoid interference. When the water immersion protection unit is triggered by the 2+1-pin water immersion probe, the SI2306 MOSFET (Q13) cuts off the air pump power supply (VC_qb pin), mechanically closing the air intake valve. The PCF8563T clock chip (U32) stores persistent data and requires manual reset via KEY1-KEY4. The 1.25T-4PWB connectors CN6-CN7 support quick replacement, with defined pins: +3.3V / GND / TX / RX. Anti-interference capabilities are enhanced by the MAX3485AEASA chip (U12 / U17). Water immersion events are recorded in non-volatile storage via the main control board's AIR780EG chip. Even if the main power is disconnected, the PCF8563T clock chip (U32) maintains the status, ensuring that manual confirmation is required after a restart. Independent I²C buses prevent signal conflicts, and the MAX3485AEASA chip suppresses transmission interference.

[0021] Combined with the dynamic compensation algorithm for ambient temperature and humidity, it effectively reduces cross-sensitivity and baseline drift, reducing the gas concentration detection error rate to below ±2%. The use of airtight packaging and nano-hydrophobic coating reduces the physical erosion of underground corrosive media on the sensor and extends the service life of core components. By optimizing the communication protocol based on an underground wireless signal attenuation model and implementing adaptive frequency hopping and relay node sleep scheduling, the data transmission success rate is increased to over 95% under complex geological conditions, while reducing overall node power consumption by 40%. The combination of intelligent low-power chips and optimized algorithms significantly extends the device's lifespan on a single charge. The modular design supports quick sensor swapping and replacement, reducing maintenance time from 2-3 hours in traditional solutions to under 15 minutes. Wireless technology replaces wired transmission, reducing wiring costs by 90% per square kilometer of monitoring area. It also supports automatic node fault location and remote firmware upgrades. A multi-level protection structure, such as an explosion-proof housing and an air pressure balance mechanism, allows the device to adapt to temperatures ranging from -20°C to +50°C, meeting the needs of underground drilling and mining scenarios. It supports simultaneous monitoring of multiple gases, such as CH4, CO2, H2S, etc., and provides high temporal and spatial resolution data for the study of underground gas migration patterns. Embodiment 2:

[0022] like Figures 1-15 As shown, an underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition method, comprising the following steps; S1: Gas is pumped into the main cylinder through an air pump. After being purified by a dust and moisture filter, the gas enters the detection chamber. The main control board AIR780EG chip activates the MOSFET (Q13-Q28) in a time-sharing manner, sequentially collecting data from each sensor. The SPL06-001 monitors temperature, humidity, and pressure in real time, and corrects the gas concentration value through a compensation algorithm. S2: When the data is normal, it is uploaded to the ground terminal via RS485. In wireless mode, the 4G module compresses the data and encrypts it (AES-128) before uploading it to the cloud. S3: Sleep mechanism. When there is no task, the main control board AIR780EG chip enters sleep mode. The power consumption is ≤10μA. The sensor power supply is cut off by MOSFET. It is woken up regularly based on RTC control. The collection period is 1 hour by default. S4: Fault handling: When a water immersion signal is detected, the AIR780EG chip on the main control board cuts off the power supply to the air pump, thereby closing the air inlet valve, storing the event and issuing a red LED alarm, waiting for manual reset; S5: The AIR780EG chip on the main control board regularly diagnoses the sensor status and uploads an error code when a fault occurs. For example, E_U14 indicates an abnormal CO2 sensor. Example 3:

[0023] The technical effectiveness of this system and method was verified against traditional solutions. Furthermore, this system and method, through the main cylinder consisting of outer cylinders 1, 2, 3, 4, and a top cover, can adapt to flammable gas environments; it supports simultaneous monitoring of CH4, CO2, and H2S, generating a spatiotemporal distribution map of gas migration.

[0024] Through multi-sensor fusion technology, combined with the dynamic compensation algorithm for ambient temperature and humidity, the cross-sensitivity and baseline drift problems are effectively reduced, and the gas concentration detection error rate is reduced to below ±2%. The use of airtight packaging and nano-hydrophobic coating reduces the physical erosion of underground corrosive media on the sensor, extending the service life of core components. The communication protocol is optimized based on the underground wireless signal attenuation model. Through adaptive frequency hopping and relay node sleep scheduling mechanism, the data transmission success rate is increased to more than 95% under complex geological conditions, and the overall node power consumption is reduced by 40%. The combination of intelligent low-power chips and optimized algorithms greatly extends the device's usage time on a single charge. The modular design supports rapid plug-in and replacement of sensors, shortening maintenance time from 2-3 hours in traditional solutions to within 15 minutes. By replacing wired transmission with wireless technology, the wiring cost of a single square kilometer monitoring area is reduced by 90%, and it supports automatic location of node faults and remote firmware upgrades. At the same time, multi-level protection structures such as explosion-proof housings and air pressure balance mechanisms are developed to enable the device to adapt to temperatures of -20°C to +50°C, meeting the needs of underground drilling, mining and other scenarios. It supports simultaneous monitoring of multiple gases, such as CH4, CO2, H2S, etc., providing high-temporal and spatial resolution data for the study of underground gas migration patterns.

[0025] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system, comprising a mechanical structure module and an electronic module, characterized in that: The electronic module is installed in the inner cavity of the mechanical structure module, and the mechanical structure module is used to seal, waterproof, filter dust, filter and control the electronic module; The electronic module is used for detecting and correcting gas in real time.

2. The underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical structure module includes an outer cylinder 1, an outer cylinder 2, an outer cylinder 3, an outer cylinder 4, and a top cover. The outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 are designed with aviation aluminum segments. The cylinder walls of the outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 are provided with M35 and M46 fine threads for connecting the outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 to form a main cylinder body. An air pump is installed on the outside of the main cylinder body. The inner cavity of the outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 is provided with M2 and M5 threaded holes. The cylinder segments of the outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, and outer cylinder 4 are crimped by sealing rings, and the pressure resistance level reaches 1MPa, which is used to adapt to the deep underground environment.

3. The underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system and method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top cover is connected to the main cylinder through an M86 fine thread, and a waterproof rubber ring and an O-ring are built in between the top cover and the main cylinder. The top of the top cover is integrated with a handle and a hidden switch, and the side of the top cover is reserved for switches, buttons and RS485 / USB interfaces.

4. The underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the main cylinder is divided into a detection chamber and a control chamber. The detection chamber has a built-in dust and dehumidification filter. The detection chamber and the control chamber are isolated by an air pressure balance valve. The air pressure balance valve is used to achieve dynamic balance of internal and external pressures and is suitable for temperatures between -20°C and 50°C.

5. The underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, outer cylinder 3, outer cylinder 4, detection chamber and control chamber are all sealed with silicone plugs.

6. The underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electronic module includes a sensor unit, a power supply control unit, a communication unit, and a water immersion protection unit. The sensor unit includes a multi-gas array, specifically CO, CO2, CH4, H2S, O2, and VOC sensors, which are connected to the main control board AIR780EG chip via an independent I²C bus. The surface of the sensor unit is sprayed with a nano-hydrophobic coating to reduce water vapor adsorption. NH3 and SO2 sensors can also be expanded through a 1.25T-4PWB interface; Environmental compensation is also included, using the SPL06-001 pressure, temperature, and humidity sensor to monitor and adjust gas data in real time using the resistor network R1-R3.

7. The underground borehole multi-parameter gas monitoring data acquisition system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The power supply control unit is based on SI2306MOSFET time-sharing control of sensor power supply, cuts off the power supply when in sleep mode, and is powered by a high-capacity lithium battery with a battery life of more than 2 months; The communication unit includes wired and wireless, wherein the wired: RS485 interface; Wireless: The 4G module compresses data and uploads it to the cloud. Wireless communication is based on an underground signal attenuation model and uses adaptive frequency hopping. The frequency bands are 433MHz / 868MHz to avoid interference. After the water immersion protection unit is triggered by the 2+1 pin water immersion probe, the SI2306 MOSFET cuts off the power supply of the air pump and mechanically closes the air inlet valve.

8. A method for collecting multi-parameter gas monitoring data for underground boreholes, using the multi-parameter gas monitoring data collection system for underground boreholes according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are included; S1: Gas is pumped into the main cylinder through an air pump. After being purified by a dust and moisture filter, the gas enters the detection chamber. The AIR780EG chip on the main control board activates the MOSFET in a time-sharing manner, sequentially collecting data from each sensor. The SPL06-001 monitors temperature, humidity, and pressure in real time, and corrects the gas concentration value through a compensation algorithm. S2: When the data is normal, it is uploaded to the ground terminal via RS485. In wireless mode, the 4G module compresses the data and encrypts it before uploading it to the cloud. S3: Sleep mechanism. When there is no task, the main control board AIR780EG chip enters sleep mode. The power consumption is ≤10μA. The sensor power supply is cut off by MOSFET. It is woken up regularly based on RTC control. The collection period is 1 hour by default. S4: Fault handling: When a water immersion signal is detected, the AIR780EG chip on the main control board cuts off the power supply to the air pump, thereby closing the air inlet valve, storing the event and issuing a red LED alarm, waiting for manual reset; S5: The AIR780EG chip on the main control board regularly diagnoses the sensor status and uploads the error code when a fault occurs.

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