Method and device for monitoring state of current collection system of mountain power station based on digital twinning

Abstract

The invention provides a mountain power station current collection system state monitoring method and device based on digital twinning, and relates to the technical field of communication, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a temperature strain transmission theoretical model corresponding to a cable and an optical fiber, and a box transformer system three-dimensional model, and determining the position of a measurement point; the position of the first measuring point is monitored in real time through Brillouin optical time domain analysis, first temperature data and first strain data in the cable are obtained, the position of the second measuring point is monitored in real time through a thermocouple and ZigBee, and second temperature data in the box transformer substation are obtained; and optimizing the mountain power station current collection multi-scale digital twin system by using the first temperature data, the first strain data and the second temperature data to obtain a target digital twin system so as to evolve the temperature-strain state of the mountain power station current collection system in real time. Temperature-stress field data in the cable system and temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box transformer substation are determined, and the monitoring precision, real-time performance and reliability of the current collection system in the complex mountain environment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a method and device for monitoring the status of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins. Background Art

[0002] With available land resources in plain areas becoming increasingly scarce and environmental carrying capacity approaching its limits, renewable energy projects such as photovoltaic and wind power are increasingly moving to mountainous areas. The abundant wind and solar energy resources in mountainous areas offer broad opportunities for these projects. However, the complex terrain and harsh climatic conditions in mountainous areas also pose challenges to project construction and maintenance. The complex terrain and demanding installation conditions result in the dispersed location of photovoltaic panels and wind turbines. This also leads to the widespread distribution of supporting power collection systems, such as cables and transformers, making operation and maintenance extremely challenging. Furthermore, in mountainous power stations, cables are often laid underground, resulting in long distances and high concealment. Existing online cable fault monitoring methods are difficult to adapt to the complex multi-circuit installation environment and cannot reflect the operating status of the entire line. These monitoring methods, which mostly rely on electrical sensors, are severely affected by electromagnetic interference and have low overall efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to develop appropriate methods to obtain real-time status parameters of the entire cable area during operation to assess its operating status.

[0003] Traditional mountain power station collection monitoring systems are prone to problems such as poor real-time fault monitoring, slow response, and inefficient maintenance. First, the lack of real-time monitoring makes it difficult for the system to detect problems promptly, increasing repair time, leading to wasted resources, and inefficiencies. Furthermore, in the event of a fault or anomaly, the system's response rate slows, compromising system stability and security. Furthermore, operations and maintenance personnel analyze faults based on operational experience rather than data, and insufficient fault data increases decision-making risks. Furthermore, the complex environment and discrete distribution of mountain power stations make real-time, synchronous monitoring difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a method and device for monitoring the status of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins, comprising: Construct a theoretical model of temperature and strain transfer corresponding to the cable and optical fiber and a three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system. Use the theoretical model of temperature and strain transfer to determine the position of a first measuring point corresponding to the built-in optical fiber in the cable configuration. Use the three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system to determine the position of a second measuring point corresponding to the box-type transformer. The first measuring point is monitored in real time by Brillouin optical time domain analysis to obtain first temperature data and first strain data inside the cable, and the second measuring point is monitored in real time by thermocouple and ZigBee to obtain second temperature data inside the box-type transformer; Establishing a multi-scale digital twin system for power collection in a mountain power station, and optimizing the multi-scale digital twin system for power collection in a mountain power station using the first temperature data, the first strain data, and the second temperature data to obtain a target digital twin system; Based on the target digital twin system, the temperature-strain state of the mountain power station collection system is evolved in real time to determine the temperature-stress field data inside the cable system and the temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box transformer.

[0006] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the construction of the temperature strain transfer theoretical model corresponding to the cable and optical fiber and the three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system includes: The soil boundary at a preset depth below the cable is set as the first-type boundary condition with a known temperature value, the left and right boundaries with a normal heat flux density of 0 are set as the second-type boundary condition, and the interface between the surface soil and air is set as the third-type boundary condition; constructing an initial cable model based on the first type of boundary conditions, the second type of boundary conditions, and the third type of boundary conditions; The initial cable model is tested to obtain the temperature distribution law under different loads and the transmission relationship between the optical fiber temperature and the conductor temperature. The temperature strain transmission theoretical model corresponding to the cable and optical fiber is constructed in combination with the ambient temperature and optical fiber loss.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the construction of the temperature strain transfer theoretical model corresponding to the cable and optical fiber and the three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system includes: Based on the physical fields of electric current and solid heat transfer, the finite element analysis software COMSOL is used to simulate the temperature distribution of the box-type transformer and construct a three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system.

[0008] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the real-time monitoring of the first measuring point position by Brillouin optical time domain analysis to obtain first temperature data and first strain data inside the cable includes: Obtain the spontaneous Brillouin scattered light signal generated by the pulse light hitting the optical fiber at different times; Performing Lorentz fitting on the spontaneous Brillouin scattered light signal to obtain the Brillouin frequency shift or power along the optical fiber; First temperature data and first strain data inside the cable are acquired based on the corresponding relationship between the Brillouin frequency shift or power and the temperature and stress.

[0009] On the basis of the above technical solutions, preferably, the establishment of a multi-scale digital twin system for power collection in a mountain power station includes: Cables, box transformers and various types of sensors are modeled, materials are assigned and rendered, and the QEM polygon simplification algorithm is used to reduce the number of polygons on the model surface to form a multi-scale digital twin system for mountain power station collection.

[0010] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, after establishing the multi-scale digital twin system for mountain power station power collection, the following is also included: The deep convolutional neural network and the intrinsic orthogonal decomposition method are used to reduce the order of the multi-scale digital twin system of the mountain power station collection to obtain a lightweight multi-scale digital twin system of the mountain power station collection.

[0011] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the temperature-strain state of the mountain power station collection system is evolved in real time based on the target digital twin system to determine the temperature-stress field data inside the cable system and the temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box-type transformer, including: Based on the simulated temperature-stress field data inside the cable system and the temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box-type transformer, as well as the corresponding measured data, the current status of the cable and box-type transformer is determined.

[0012] More preferably, the second aspect of the present invention provides a state monitoring device for a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins, comprising: a model building module, a data acquisition module, a system optimization module and a data determination module; wherein, The model building module is configured to build a temperature and strain transfer theoretical model corresponding to the cable and the optical fiber and a three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system, use the temperature and strain transfer theoretical model to determine the position of a first measuring point corresponding to the built-in optical fiber in the cable configuration, and use the three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system to determine the position of a second measuring point corresponding to the box-type transformer; The data acquisition module is configured to monitor the first measuring point position in real time by using Brillouin optical time domain analysis to obtain first temperature data and first strain data inside the cable, and to monitor the second measuring point position in real time by using a thermocouple and ZigBee to obtain second temperature data inside the box-type transformer; The system optimization module is configured to establish a multi-scale digital twin system for power collection of a mountain power station, and optimize the multi-scale digital twin system for power collection of the mountain power station using the first temperature data, the first strain data, and the second temperature data to obtain a target digital twin system; The data determination module is configured to determine the temperature-stress field data inside the cable system and the temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box transformer based on the temperature-strain state of the mountain power station collection system evolved in real time by the target digital twin system.

[0013] More preferably, the third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device comprising a processor and a memory; the memory stores a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the method for monitoring the status of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins as described in the first aspect.

[0014] More preferably, the fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer storage medium on which a computer program is stored, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method for monitoring the status of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins as described in the first aspect.

[0015] The method and device for monitoring the state of a mountain power station's collection system based on digital twins of the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared to the prior art: 1. By constructing a theoretical model of temperature and strain transfer corresponding to cables and optical fibers, the position of the first measuring point corresponding to the built-in optical fiber in the cable configuration can be accurately determined, avoiding blind point placement and improving the accuracy and effectiveness of monitoring data. Using the three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system to determine the position of the second measuring point corresponding to the box-type transformer also helps to focus on monitoring key parts inside the box-type transformer. On this basis, the temperature-strain state of the mountain power station collection system is evolved in real time using the target digital twin system, which can detect potential problems and hidden faults in the system in advance. By simulating the operation of the system under different working conditions and comparing it with the actual monitoring data, abnormal changes in parameters such as temperature and strain can be discovered in a timely manner, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy, real-time performance and reliability of the collection system in complex mountain environments.

[0016] 2. By using the QEM polygon simplification algorithm to reduce the number of polygons on the model surface, the rendering engine needs to process significantly less geometric data, significantly reducing the computing resources required for rendering and improving rendering speed. This simplified model reduces the computational complexity of the entire scene, enabling smooth interactive operations even in complex scenes, and improving the model's versatility and compatibility.

[0017] 3. Using deep convolutional neural networks and intrinsic orthogonal decomposition methods to reduce the order of the multi-scale digital twin system of mountain power station collection, an orthogonal basis of low-dimensional space can be constructed, and the original high-dimensional system can be projected into low-dimensional space, thereby greatly reducing the dimension and computational complexity of the system, effectively reducing data storage and processing requirements, and improving the operating efficiency of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station's collection system based on digital twins provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-point wireless temperature measurement system for a mountain power station box-type substation provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the results of the multi-scale digital twin system for power collection in a mountain power station provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the sensor OPC UA information model structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a device for monitoring the state of a mountain power station's collection system based on digital twins provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station's power collection system based on digital twins provided by an embodiment of the present invention; a method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station's power collection system based on digital twins provided by the present invention includes: S110, constructing a temperature and strain transfer theoretical model corresponding to the cable and optical fiber and a three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system, using the temperature and strain transfer theoretical model to determine the position of a first measuring point corresponding to the built-in optical fiber in the cable configuration, and using the three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system to determine the position of a second measuring point corresponding to the box-type transformer.

[0022] Here, the finite element method is used to determine the placement of distributed measurement points at key locations, such as the cable body, connectors, and terminals. This is the location of the first measurement point. Temperature gradient distribution and strain data within the cable are collected using an embedded single-mode optical fiber, covering multi-physics field information along the entire length of the cable. For example, a 3D model of the cable body's multi-layer structure (conductor layer, insulation layer, filler layer, outer sheath, etc.) is constructed using a 3D parametric modeling tool, such as SolidWorks. The routing and placement of the fiber optic sensing units are designed, integrating the spatial relationships and assembly constraints of each component. For the box-type substation, the box-type substation structure is constructed, and the internal structure is appropriately simplified to construct a geometric model of the single-phase current-carrying circuit in the cable compartment. Finite element simulation is used to mesh these 3D and geometric models, establishing a theoretical model for electrical temperature and strain transfer and a 3D model of the box-type substation system. This allows for accurate simulation of the temperature and strain of each cable layer under multi-physics field coupling, as well as accurate simulation of the box-type substation temperature.

[0023] In some embodiments, S110, constructing a temperature strain transfer theoretical model corresponding to the cable and the optical fiber and a three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system includes: The soil boundary at a preset depth below the cable is set as the first-type boundary condition with a known temperature value, the left and right boundaries with a normal heat flux density of 0 are set as the second-type boundary condition, and the interface between the surface soil and air is set as the third-type boundary condition; Building an initial cable model based on the first, second and third boundary conditions; The initial cable model was tested to obtain the temperature distribution law under different loads and the transmission relationship between the optical fiber temperature and the conductor temperature. Combined with the ambient temperature and optical fiber loss, a theoretical model of temperature strain transmission corresponding to the cable and optical fiber was constructed.

[0024] In this embodiment, considering the good symmetry of the cable structure and the good consistency of the materials, the heat transfer is isotropic. Therefore, the heat transfer problem can be simplified to a planar steady-state temperature field distribution problem. In the finite element model, the heat in the cable heating component is applied in the form of heat generation rate, which is calculated as follows: ; Where W is the loss of the cable structure components; is the cable length; V is the volume of the lossy part.

[0025] To determine the boundary conditions for the cable's temperature distribution, the deep soil temperature is constant, so the lower boundary is set as a first-class boundary condition. The horizontal temperature gradient is approximately zero, and the normal heat flux density at the left and right boundaries is zero, so the left and right boundaries are set as second-class boundary conditions. Heat is transferred by conduction between the layers of the cable, between the outer surface of the cable and the soil it contacts, and within the model soil. Heat generated by the cable itself is further transferred by conduction to the distant soil via the adjacent soil, ultimately reaching the surface. At the interface between the surface soil and the surface air, heat is transferred by convection. The third-class boundary can be determined based on the above heat transfer analysis and heat transfer process using the direct-buried cable's temperature field physical model.

[0026] For example, the upper boundary of the physical model is the contact surface between the surface soil and the air, where heat is exchanged through convection heat transfer, which meets the third type of boundary conditions.

[0027] ; Where, Not less than zero, it depends on the boundary The dielectric properties on and The function distribution given on the boundary together constitutes the constraint of this type of boundary condition on heat exchange. The left and right boundaries of the physical model, the normal heat flux density of the known boundary surface Since the boundary surface is far away from the cables on each side, it can be treated as an adiabatic boundary condition. The second type of boundary condition is met . is a function distribution given on the boundary, For a given boundary Normal derivative of the upper field function.

[0028] The lower boundary of the physical model is the deep soil. The temperature of the lower boundary is set to be the same as the temperature of the deep soil, which meets the first type of boundary conditions. Given the entire boundary The field function value on . For a given function distribution on the boundary, the temperature condition at the lower boundary is specified.

[0029] Furthermore, to improve calculation accuracy without increasing the number of elements and nodes, the cable and surrounding key analysis areas were meshed densely, while more distant areas were meshed coarsely. Different current carrying capacities were applied to the cable, and the temperature distribution under different loads was calculated and analyzed, as well as the transfer relationship between the fiber temperature and the conductor temperature.

[0030] In some embodiments, S110, constructing a temperature strain transfer theoretical model corresponding to the cable and the optical fiber and a three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system includes: Based on the physical fields of electric current and solid heat transfer, the finite element analysis software COMSOL is used to simulate the temperature distribution of the box-type transformer and construct a three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system.

[0031] In this embodiment, the measured transformer is taken as the research object, and the temperature distribution of the transformer is simulated and analyzed through multi-physics field simulation. Since the temperature distribution in the cable room is affected by multiple physical factors and the control function of each physical factor is nonlinear, the finite element analysis software COMSOL is used for simulation. After completing the contact resistance setting, material setting, boundary setting and meshing on the basis of the geometric model, a coupled simulation is performed based on the current and solid heat transfer physical field. The temperature distribution results of the cable room are obtained by coupling calculation using a transient solver. The points with higher temperatures under different states are selected as key monitoring points, and the temperature measurement points of the transformer are planned, that is, the second measurement point position.

[0032] S120 , performing real-time monitoring of the first measuring point position by Brillouin optical time domain analysis to obtain first temperature data and first strain data inside the cable, and performing real-time monitoring of the second measuring point position by using a thermocouple and ZigBee to obtain second temperature data inside the box-type transformer.

[0033] In some embodiments, S120, real-time monitoring of the first measuring point position by Brillouin optical time domain analysis to obtain first temperature data and first strain data inside the cable includes: Obtain the spontaneous Brillouin scattered light signal generated by the pulse light hitting the optical fiber at different times; Perform Lorentz fitting on the spontaneous Brillouin scattered light signal to obtain the Brillouin frequency shift or power along the optical fiber; First temperature data and first strain data inside the cable are acquired based on the corresponding relationship between the Brillouin frequency shift or power and the temperature and stress.

[0034] The cable distributed optical fiber temperature strain measurement system based on Brillouin optical time domain analysis is mainly composed of BOTDR system, optical conversion switch, sensor fiber, and industrial control host. The BOTDR system includes four parts: light source, modulator, signal detection and processing system. The continuous light emitted by the laser is converted into detection pulse light by the modulator. These pulse light is emitted to the sensor fiber and generates a frequency of The scattered light returns along the fiber and enters the signal detection system. By performing a Lorentz fit on the Brillouin signals obtained at different times (corresponding to different locations), the Brillouin frequency shift along the fiber can be determined. The relationship between the power or frequency shift of the Brillouin scattering signal and temperature and strain can be used to locate the scattered signal, thereby obtaining temperature or strain information at each point along the fiber, enabling fully distributed temperature and strain sensing. Optical switches can be used to switch the detection fibers, enabling time-sharing monitoring of multiple cables.

[0035] For mountain power station box-type substations, wireless temperature measurement method is adopted, that is, distributed temperature measurement technology based on ZigBee technology and general packet radio service GPRS network. Figure 2 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-point wireless temperature measurement system for a box-type substation in a mountain power station provided by an embodiment of the present invention; the multi-point wireless temperature measurement system for a box-type substation in a mountain power station can be composed of a sensor module, a ZigBee wireless communication network, and a GPRS network. The ZigBee module and the sensor module form a terminal node, which collects the temperature parameters of the monitoring box in real time and transmits them to the coordinator node. The coordinator node transmits this data to the monitoring center via the GPRS module via a wireless base station and the Internet. The server in the monitoring center is responsible for data storage, statistics, and analysis. The monitoring center receives the data collected by the wireless sensor network, displays and analyzes it on a web interface, and stores it in a database. ZigBee technology is a wireless communication protocol operating in the 900MHz and 2.4GHz frequency bands. Its underlying layer is based on the IEEE802.15.4 standard. It is a wireless self-organizing network in which network nodes automatically connect to form a large wireless network. When a node loses connection and restarts, it can still maintain communication with all nodes by rejoining the network. The temperature sensor module uses a Maxim DS18B20 chip, and the following temperature measurement scheme is used: the data lines of each DS18B20 are connected to different I / O ports of the microprocessor. During system operation, the microprocessor performs unified and parallel operations on each DS18B20. For all DS18B20s, command reception and data transmission are synchronized, taking the same time as operating a single DS18B20 device. This allows for simultaneous input and output of multiple data points, enabling rapid and synchronous temperature reading.

[0036] S130, establishing a multi-scale digital twin system for power collection of a mountain power station, and optimizing the multi-scale digital twin system for power collection of a mountain power station using the first temperature data, the first strain data, and the second temperature data to obtain a target digital twin system.

[0037] In this example, see Figure 3 , Figure 3A schematic diagram of the results of a multi-scale digital twin system for mountain power station collection provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The multi-scale digital twin system for mountain power station collection can include: a digital twin model of the collection system, a linked data resource management system, and a virtual-reality interactive operation platform. The main equipment in the digital twin model of the collection system includes underground cables, box-type transformers, various sensors, and communication equipment. The cables are responsible for transmitting electricity, the box-type transformers are responsible for boosting voltage, and the communication equipment and sensors provide necessary data support and monitoring. The main equipment of the digital twin model of the collection system is created using 3D modeling software, and the assembly relationships between parts are controlled by setting multiple constraints.

[0038] In some embodiments, S130, establishing a multi-scale digital twin system for power collection in a mountain power station includes: Cables, box transformers and various types of sensors are modeled, materials are assigned and rendered, and the QEM polygon simplification algorithm is used to reduce the number of polygons on the model surface to form a multi-scale digital twin system for mountain power station collection.

[0039] To visualize the digital twin of the power collection system, making it more intuitive and easier to understand, the model needs to be rendered. Lighting, texture mapping, and shadow effects are employed to showcase the device's appearance details. The rendered model can be used for simulation analysis, supporting the visualization of complex phenomena such as thermal management and electromagnetic field distribution, enabling users to more intuitively understand the device's performance under different operating conditions.

[0040] Since digital twin technology requires that the model can be updated in real time with the status of the physical object, it is necessary to frequently load the geometric model corresponding to the rendering, so there is a high demand for lightweight geometric models. The purpose of lightweighting the geometric model is to reduce the number of triangles contained in the model. Here, the Quadric Error Metrics polygon simplification algorithm is used to reduce the complexity of the model by reducing the number of polygons on the model surface. For some refined twin objects, the LOD division method is used to create multiple models of different resolutions, and dynamically switch different levels of detail according to the observation distance to maintain the visual effect while reducing the burden. The goal of the QEM polygon simplification algorithm is to gradually simplify the mesh by merging vertices while minimizing the geometric errors caused by simplification. Each vertex is assigned a quadratic error matrix to quantify the degree of deviation of the vertex from the original geometric shape in the simplified position. The specific steps are: Each vertex is associated with a symmetric 4×4 matrix Q, which represents the geometric error of all faces around the vertex. The plane equation of each plane around the vertex v is calculated: .

[0041] Each plane error matrix Defined as: ; Final error matrix for the vertex is the sum of the error matrices of all surrounding planes: ; Calculate the initial quadratic error matrix Q for each vertex, generate candidate vertex pairs for each edge, and for each edge , calculate the fold to the new vertex The error: ; Optimal location By solving a system of linear equations get, 、 Represent edges separately and the edge The corresponding quadratic error matrix, Characterization The transposed matrix of .

[0042] All edge folding operations are sorted from smallest to largest error, stored in a priority queue, and the edge folding operation with the smallest error is retrieved. The folding is performed, vertices are merged, the error matrix of the affected adjacent faces is updated, the cost of the relevant edges is recalculated, and the queue is updated. The algorithm stops when the number of vertices / faces reaches the target or the error exceeds the threshold. This algorithm is based on a greedy strategy of a priority queue and has a time complexity close to , sharp edges and areas with large curvature are retained through the quadratic error metric, and the quadratic form of the error has a closed solution, which is easy to optimize.

[0043] In this embodiment, the physical models involved in the multi-scale digital twin system for mountain power station collection include materials, stresses, flow fields, pressure fields, thermal fields, and magnetic fields, which can be implemented using ANSYS finite element analysis software. Secondly, a linked data resource management system needs to be established, including a twin data communication system and a twin data storage system. The twin data communication system is responsible for promptly transmitting real-time data collected by sensors, monitoring equipment, and control systems distributed throughout the power station to the data processing center. This includes implementing joint time-frequency domain denoising and spatiotemporal reference alignment for distributed fiber optic sensors, and simultaneously implementing format standardization and metadata calibration for cable temperature-strain field simulation data. A unified data warehouse is constructed to achieve hierarchical storage and associative mapping of measured and simulated data, ensuring that the digital twin model of the collection system accurately reflects the latest operating status of the multi-scale digital twin system for mountain power station collection. The data acquisition module is responsible for sending monitoring information from sensors and equipment to the transmission layer. Here, fiber optic sensor data uses wired communication, and thermocouple data uses wireless communication. Furthermore, the network layer includes switches and gateways, which are used to manage and forward data packets to ensure that data reaches its destination correctly.

[0044] In an example, see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the structure of the sensor OPC UA information model provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The digital twin communication software interface is implemented using the OPC UA protocol. The OPC UA protocol abstracts data from industrial devices into an object-oriented, standardized information model within an address space, enabling interconnection and semantic interoperability between heterogeneous devices in industrial systems. This protocol meets the requirements for interaction with complex, multi-source, heterogeneous data and provides effective data support for digital twin technology. The twin data storage system consists of three subsystems: on-site devices, an edge computing subsystem, and a power plant cloud data platform. On-site devices, such as transformers, are responsible for collecting real-time operating data and, after preliminary processing, reporting the information to the edge computing subsystem. This subsystem not only collects, caches, and publishes data, but also performs local storage and preliminary analysis, ensuring rapid data response and processing. Finally, the processed real-time data is synchronized to the power plant cloud data platform, where it is comprehensively integrated and uniformly stored. Further analysis and mining are supported through data interfaces, providing a critical basis for optimizing decisions for mountain power plants.

[0045] In some embodiments, after establishing the multi-scale digital twin system for mountain power station power collection at S130, the following steps are further included: The deep convolutional neural network and the intrinsic orthogonal decomposition method are used to reduce the order of the multi-scale digital twin system of the mountain power station collection, and a lightweight multi-scale digital twin system of the mountain power station collection is obtained.

[0046] After acquiring sensor data and a large amount of simulation data, the meshing during simulation primarily considers simulation accuracy requirements. Considering that the simulation time at each stage is insufficient to achieve real-time monitoring, the full-order model needs to be reduced. To ensure that the degraded simulation model can meet real-time and accuracy requirements, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is combined with the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method to construct a reduced-order model of steady-state multi-field coupling. This improves computational efficiency and reduces computational costs while maintaining monitoring accuracy requirements. At the same time, the sensor data and full-order simulation data are used to optimize the accuracy of the reduced-order model, ensuring that the reduced-order model meets real-time and simulation accuracy requirements.

[0047] The deep convolutional neural network model achieves precise mapping of reduced-order features to physical fields through a three-layer fusion mechanism: first, a multi-channel convolution kernel is used to align the features of distributed sensor signals with full-order simulation tensors to extract field distribution patterns with spatial correlation; then, a nonlinear mapping relationship between the reduced-order model output and the multi-physical field distribution is established through the residual convolution module, and physical conservation constraints are embedded as regularization terms; finally, a three-dimensional multi-field coupling distribution cloud map of each cable structural layer is reconstructed through the deconvolution layer. A prediction model combining the intrinsic orthogonal decomposition method with a convolutional neural network is used to construct a virtual-real interaction operation platform for the digital twin collection system of a mountain power station. Aiming at the digital reconstruction of the physical space of the mountain power station, the data after physical space perception and processing is applied to the virtual space. Through the full fusion of data, real-time mapping of the physical space is achieved.

[0048] S140, based on the target digital twin system, evolves the temperature-strain state of the mountain power station collection system in real time, determines the temperature-stress field data inside the cable system and the temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box transformer.

[0049] In some embodiments, based on the real-time evolution of the temperature-strain state of the mountain power station's collection system by the target digital twin system, the temperature-stress field data inside the cable system and the temperature distribution data of key measuring points inside the box-type transformer are determined, including: Based on the simulated temperature-stress field data inside the cable system and the temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box-type transformer, as well as the corresponding measured data, the current status of the cable and box-type transformer is determined.

[0050] In this embodiment, by continuously inputting real-time monitoring data into the target digital twin system, combined with the system's built-in physical models and algorithms, the operation process of the cable system and box transformer under different working conditions and environmental conditions is simulated. In terms of the cable system, by analyzing and calculating the temperature and strain data inside the cable, the temperature-stress field data inside the cable system is determined, including temperature distribution cloud maps, stress concentration areas, thermal stress change trends, etc., to evaluate the degree of cable insulation aging and provide a basis for predicting cable failures. In terms of box transformers, the target digital twin system is used to analyze and process the temperature data inside the box transformer to determine the temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box transformer, as well as the temperature change pattern over time, so as to promptly discover the hidden dangers of overheating inside the box transformer and provide decision support for the operation and maintenance management of the box transformer. Through real-time evolution and data analysis, comprehensive and accurate monitoring of the mountain power station's collection system is achieved, improving the safety and reliability of power station operation.

[0051] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 , Figure 5 The present invention provides a device 500 for monitoring the state of a power collection system in a mountain power station based on digital twins, comprising: a model building module 510, a data acquisition module 520, a system optimization module 530, and a data determination module 540; wherein, Model construction module 510 is configured to construct a theoretical model of temperature and strain transfer corresponding to the cable and optical fiber and a three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system, use the theoretical model of temperature and strain transfer to determine the position of a first measuring point corresponding to the built-in optical fiber in the cable configuration, and use the three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system to determine the position of a second measuring point corresponding to the box-type transformer; The data acquisition module 520 is configured to monitor the first measuring point in real time using Brillouin optical time domain analysis to obtain first temperature data and first strain data inside the cable, and to monitor the second measuring point in real time using a thermocouple and ZigBee to obtain second temperature data inside the box-type transformer; The system optimization module 530 is configured to establish a multi-scale digital twin system for power collection of a mountain power station, and optimize the multi-scale digital twin system for power collection of a mountain power station using the first temperature data, the first strain data, and the second temperature data to obtain a target digital twin system; The data determination module 540 is configured to determine the temperature-stress field data inside the cable system and the temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box transformer based on the temperature-strain state of the mountain power station collection system evolving in real time by the target digital twin system.

[0052] In some embodiments, the model building module 510 is specifically configured to: The soil boundary at a preset depth below the cable is set as the first-type boundary condition with a known temperature value, the left and right boundaries with a normal heat flux density of 0 are set as the second-type boundary condition, and the interface between the surface soil and air is set as the third-type boundary condition; Building an initial cable model based on the first, second and third boundary conditions; The initial cable model was tested to obtain the temperature distribution law under different loads and the transmission relationship between the optical fiber temperature and the conductor temperature. Combined with the ambient temperature and optical fiber loss, a theoretical model of temperature strain transmission corresponding to the cable and optical fiber was constructed.

[0053] In some embodiments, the model building module 510 is specifically configured to: Based on the physical fields of electric current and solid heat transfer, the finite element analysis software COMSOL is used to simulate the temperature distribution of the box-type transformer and construct a three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system.

[0054] In some embodiments, the data acquisition module 520 is specifically configured to: Obtain the spontaneous Brillouin scattered light signal generated by the pulse light hitting the optical fiber at different times; Perform Lorentz fitting on the spontaneous Brillouin scattered light signal to obtain the Brillouin frequency shift or power along the optical fiber; First temperature data and first strain data inside the cable are acquired based on the corresponding relationship between the Brillouin frequency shift or power and the temperature and stress.

[0055] In some embodiments, the system optimization module 530 is specifically configured to: Cables, box transformers and various types of sensors are modeled, materials are assigned and rendered, and the QEM polygon simplification algorithm is used to reduce the number of polygons on the model surface to form a multi-scale digital twin system for mountain power station collection.

[0056] In some embodiments, the system optimization module 530 is further configured to: The deep convolutional neural network and the intrinsic orthogonal decomposition method are used to reduce the order of the multi-scale digital twin system of the mountain power station collection, and a lightweight multi-scale digital twin system of the mountain power station collection is obtained.

[0057] In some embodiments, the data determination module 540 is specifically configured to: Based on the simulated temperature-stress field data inside the cable system and the temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box-type transformer, as well as the corresponding measured data, the current status of the cable and box-type transformer is determined.

[0058] It should be noted that the digital twin-based mountain power station collection system status monitoring device provided in the embodiment of the present application and the digital twin-based mountain power station collection system status monitoring method provided in the embodiment of the present application are based on the same application concept. Therefore, the specific implementation of this embodiment can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned digital twin-based mountain power station collection system status monitoring method, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0059] In some embodiments, see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The electronic device 600 provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a processor 610 and a memory 620; the memory 620 stores a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the aforementioned method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins.

[0060] Specifically, the processor 610 may include, for example, a general-purpose microprocessor, an instruction set processor and / or a related chipset and / or a dedicated microprocessor (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), etc. The processor 610 may also include onboard memory for caching purposes. The processor 610 may be a single processing unit or multiple processing units for executing different actions of the method flow according to the embodiments of the present application.

[0061] Memory 620 can be, for example, any medium capable of containing, storing, conveying, disseminating, or transmitting instructions. For example, memory 620 can include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, components, or propagation media. Specific examples of memory 620 include: magnetic storage devices, such as magnetic tape or hard disk drives (HDDs); optical storage devices, such as compact discs (CD-ROMs); random access memory (RAM) or flash memory; and / or wired or wireless communication links.

[0062] The present application also provides a computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins. The computer-readable medium may be included in the device / apparatus / system described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not be incorporated into the device / apparatus / system. The above computer-readable medium carries one or more programs, and when the above one or more programs are executed, the method according to the embodiments of the present application is implemented.

[0063] According to an embodiment of the present application, a computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium or any combination thereof. A computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or component, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In the present application, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or component. In the present application, a computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carries computer-readable program code. Such a propagated data signal may take a variety of forms, including but not limited to an electromagnetic signal, an optical signal, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium may also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium that can transmit, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Program code embodied on a computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, optical cable, radio frequency signals, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0064] Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present application may be combined and / or combined in a variety of ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present application. In particular, without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present application, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present application may be combined and / or combined in a variety of ways. All of these combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of the present application should not be limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but should be determined not only by the attached claims, but also by the equivalents of the attached claims. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins, characterized in that: include: Construct a theoretical model of temperature and strain transfer corresponding to the cable and optical fiber and a three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system. Use the theoretical model of temperature and strain transfer to determine the position of a first measuring point corresponding to the built-in optical fiber in the cable configuration. Use the three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system to determine the position of a second measuring point corresponding to the box-type transformer. The first measuring point is monitored in real time by Brillouin optical time domain analysis to obtain first temperature data and first strain data inside the cable, and the second measuring point is monitored in real time by thermocouple and ZigBee to obtain second temperature data inside the box-type transformer; Establishing a multi-scale digital twin system for power collection in a mountain power station, and optimizing the multi-scale digital twin system for power collection in a mountain power station using the first temperature data, the first strain data, and the second temperature data to obtain a target digital twin system; Based on the target digital twin system, the temperature-strain state of the mountain power station collection system is evolved in real time to determine the temperature-stress field data inside the cable system and the temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box transformer.

2. The method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the temperature strain transfer theoretical model corresponding to the cable and optical fiber and the three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system includes: The soil boundary at a preset depth below the cable is set as the first-type boundary condition with a known temperature value, the left and right boundaries with a normal heat flux density of 0 are set as the second-type boundary condition, and the interface between the surface soil and air is set as the third-type boundary condition; constructing an initial cable model based on the first type of boundary conditions, the second type of boundary conditions, and the third type of boundary conditions; The initial cable model is tested to obtain the temperature distribution law under different loads and the transmission relationship between the optical fiber temperature and the conductor temperature. The temperature strain transmission theoretical model corresponding to the cable and optical fiber is constructed in combination with the ambient temperature and optical fiber loss.

3. The method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the temperature strain transfer theoretical model corresponding to the cable and optical fiber and the three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system includes: Based on the physical fields of electric current and solid heat transfer, the finite element analysis software COMSOL is used to simulate the temperature distribution of the box-type transformer and construct a three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system.

4. The method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time monitoring of the first measuring point position by Brillouin optical time domain analysis to obtain first temperature data and first strain data inside the cable includes: Obtain the spontaneous Brillouin scattered light signal generated by the pulse light hitting the optical fiber at different times; Performing Lorentz fitting on the spontaneous Brillouin scattered light signal to obtain the Brillouin frequency shift or power along the optical fiber; First temperature data and first strain data inside the cable are acquired based on the corresponding relationship between the Brillouin frequency shift or power and the temperature and stress.

5. The method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The establishment of a multi-scale digital twin system for mountain power station power collection includes: Cables, box transformers and various types of sensors are modeled, materials are assigned and rendered, and the QEM polygon simplification algorithm is used to reduce the number of polygons on the model surface to form a multi-scale digital twin system for mountain power station collection.

6. The method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: After establishing the multi-scale digital twin system for mountain power station collection, it also includes: The deep convolutional neural network and the intrinsic orthogonal decomposition method are used to reduce the order of the multi-scale digital twin system of the mountain power station power collection to obtain a lightweight multi-scale digital twin system of the mountain power station power collection.

7. The method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature-strain state of the mountain power station's collection system is evolved in real time based on the target digital twin system to determine the temperature-stress field data inside the cable system and the temperature distribution data of key measuring points inside the box-type transformer, including: Based on the simulated temperature-stress field data inside the cable system and the temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box-type transformer, as well as the corresponding measured data, the current status of the cable and box-type transformer is determined.

8. A state monitoring device for a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins, characterized in that: include: Model building module, data acquisition module, system optimization module and data determination module; among them, The model building module is configured to build a temperature and strain transfer theoretical model corresponding to the cable and the optical fiber and a three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system, use the temperature and strain transfer theoretical model to determine the position of a first measuring point corresponding to the built-in optical fiber in the cable configuration, and use the three-dimensional model of the box-type transformer system to determine the position of a second measuring point corresponding to the box-type transformer; The data acquisition module is configured to monitor the first measuring point position in real time by using Brillouin optical time domain analysis to obtain first temperature data and first strain data inside the cable, and to monitor the second measuring point position in real time by using a thermocouple and ZigBee to obtain second temperature data inside the box-type transformer; The system optimization module is configured to establish a multi-scale digital twin system for power collection of a mountain power station, and optimize the multi-scale digital twin system for power collection of the mountain power station using the first temperature data, the first strain data, and the second temperature data to obtain a target digital twin system; The data determination module is configured to determine the temperature-stress field data inside the cable system and the temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box transformer based on the temperature-strain state of the mountain power station collection system evolved in real time by the target digital twin system.

9. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory; the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When executed by the processor, the computer program implements the method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that A computer program is stored thereon, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for monitoring the state of a mountain power station collection system based on digital twins as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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