Artificial sowing updating mode for wild fruit trees

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to an artificial sowing updating mode for wild fruit trees. The artificial sowing updating mode comprises the following steps: (1) randomly collecting wild fruits for later use in a fruit mature period of a wild fruit forest in autumn; (2) taking part of the wild fruits in the step (1) with the required sowing number, mashing until seed cores can be seen, uniformly stirring with pulp, and treating in an environment with the temperature of 22-26 DEG C and the relative air humidity of 70-75% for 24-28 hours for later use; (3) taking part of the wild fruits in the step (1), discarding seed cores, retaining pulp, mashing into paste, and treating in an environment with the temperature of 35-38 DEG C and the relative air humidity of 70-75% for 48-72 hours for later use; (4) the fruits obtained in the step (2) are randomly sown in the planting area in line, the ditching depth is 10-12 cm, and soil is covered by 0-6 cm after the fruits are sown; and (5) after sowing and before sprouting, spreading the fruit paste obtained in the step (3) to a sowing position by 1-4cm, once a month. According to the artificial sowing updating mode, the overall utilization rate of fruits can be increased, meanwhile, after being combined with a light fermentation pretreatment method, the artificial sowing updating mode is applied to the sowing process of fruits such as wild apricots, wild cherry plums and wild apples, and therefore the seedling rate and the planting rate of wild fruit trees such as the wild apricots, the wild cherry plums and the wild apples are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to an artificial sowing and regeneration method for wild fruit trees. Background Art

[0002] Located in northwest China, Xinjiang enjoys a temperate continental climate. Its Tianshan wild fruit forests are rich in botanical resources, including the Xinjiang wild apple (Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem), wild apricot (Armeniaca vulgaris var. ansu), and wild cherry plum (Prunus divaricate). Natural selection has resulted in the development of numerous unique individual plants resistant to drought, cold, pests, and infertility. These plants play an irreplaceable and crucial role in the geoclimatic, biodiversity, and ecological defense systems of the entire western Tianshan wild fruit forests. These wild fruit forests also serve as a natural gene bank for the world's wild fruit resources, possessing both high scientific and economic value, and have attracted the attention of numerous scholars.

[0003] Because the wild apple forests are located on the fragile slopes of the Tianshan Mountains and are subject to the arid climate, the growth and natural regeneration of wild apples is difficult, and their self-recovery ability is poor. In recent years, due to irrational development, overgrazing, deforestation, and severe pest and disease damage, the area and density of the wild apple forests have shrunk dramatically, the population has aged, and natural regeneration is difficult, making artificial regeneration an urgent need.

[0004] Direct seeding afforestation simulates the natural habit of tree seeds that fall to the ground and enter the soil, then naturally germinate and regenerate under suitable conditions as the climate changes. Artificially sown in afforestation sites, direct seeding seedlings have well-developed root systems, a wide distribution range, and a strong absorption capacity. Therefore, direct seeding trees are more resistant to drought, soil consolidation, wind erosion, and water erosion than transplanted seedlings. Furthermore, direct seeding afforestation does not require nursery seedling raising and transplanting, making it faster and reducing costs. However, in nature, after mature fruit leaves the mother plant and falls to the ground, the presence of soil litter hinders effective contact between the fruit and the soil. Furthermore, fallen fruit and seeds are easily moved and damaged by physical factors such as animal handling and feeding, and wind. A survey of natural seedling regeneration in wild fruit forests found that after mature and fallen wild apricot seeds, over 60% are distributed among weeds and litter, making them difficult to penetrate into the soil. This is a major factor hindering natural regeneration. Surface seeds decay over time, reducing the percentage of viable seeds from 54.67% to 20.96%, severely impacting natural regeneration. Wild cherry plum and wild apple trees face similar challenges in natural regeneration after mature and fallen fruit. Direct seeding, or burying fallen fruit in situ, can avoid hazards such as disease infection, human disturbance, and animal predation and transport, resulting in greater resilience and tolerance. Therefore, seeds deposited in the soil seed bank have the potential to regenerate and restore vegetation, providing a source of new plants and the foundation for germination, seedling establishment, and settlement after seed dispersal. Both aerial seeding and direct seeding require seed preparation. Direct seeding eliminates the need for fruit collection, seed retrieval, and stratification, significantly saving costs and time and improving afforestation efficiency.

[0005] Based on the above situation, the present invention proposes an artificial sowing and regeneration method for wild fruit trees. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an artificial sowing and regeneration method for wild fruit trees.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for artificial sowing and renewing wild fruit trees, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) In the autumn when the fruits of wild fruit forests are ripe, randomly collect wild fruits, wash the surface and set aside;

[0009] (2) taking a portion of the wild fruits sown in the required number in step (1), crushing them until the seed core is visible, mixing them with the pulp, and then placing them in an environment at 22-26° C. and a relative humidity of 70-75% for 24-28 hours for later use;

[0010] (3) taking another portion of the wild fruit obtained in step (1), discarding the seeds and cores, retaining the pulp and mashing it into a paste, and then placing it in an environment at 35-38° C. and a relative humidity of 70-75% for 48-72 hours for later use;

[0011] (4) randomly sowing the fruits obtained in step (2) in the planting area, digging furrows to a depth of 10 to 12 cm, and covering the soil with 0 to 6 cm after sowing the fruits;

[0012] (5) After sowing and before germination, spread the fruit puree obtained in step (3) to a thickness of 1 to 4 cm at the sowing site once a month.

[0013] Preferably, the wild fruit is any one of wild apricot, wild cherry plum, and wild apple.

[0014] Preferably, when the wild fruit is wild apricot, the required number of seeds to be sown is 300 to 440.

[0015] Preferably, when the wild fruit is wild apricot, the required number of seeds to be sown is 400.

[0016] Preferably, when the wild fruit is wild cherry plum, the required number of seeds to be sown is 200 to 310.

[0017] Preferably, when the wild fruit is wild cherry plum, the required number of seeds to be sown is 220.

[0018] Preferably, when the wild fruit is wild apple, the required number of seeds to be sown is 750 to 3400.

[0019] Preferably, when the wild fruit is wild apple, the required number of seeds to be sown is 750.

[0020] Preferably, in step (4), the soil covering after sowing the fruit is 2 to 3 cm.

[0021] Preferably, in step (5), the fruit puree is spread to a thickness of 1 to 2 cm.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The artificial sowing and renewal method described in the present invention can improve the overall utilization rate of fruits. At the same time, combined with a light fermentation pretreatment method, it is applied to the sowing process of fruits such as wild apricots, wild cherry plums, and wild apples, thereby improving the seedling rate and establishment rate of wild fruit trees such as wild apricots, wild cherry plums, and wild apples.

[0024] 2. The raw materials of the present invention are sufficient in China and are reasonably priced, so that there is no high cost limit for large-scale planting. At the same time, the sowing and processing process is simple, which greatly saves costs and time, improves afforestation efficiency, and is conducive to large-scale promotion in arid areas such as Xinjiang. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Example 1

[0026] 1 Materials and Methods

[0027] 1.1 Overview of the test site

[0028] The study area is located in the Yili Botanical Garden, Xinyuan County, Yili, Xinjiang (E83°36′4.92″, N43°22′44.28″, 1402.6 m above sea level). It has a temperate continental climate with an average annual temperature of 9.37°C and an annual rainfall of 556.8 mm. The rainfall is unevenly distributed throughout the year. The soil in the experimental area is fertile and has a high organic matter content.

[0029] 1.2 Test materials

[0030] (1) In autumn, when the fruits of wild fruit forests are ripe, sufficient amounts of wild apricot, wild cherry plum and wild apple fruits are randomly collected.

[0031] (2) taking a portion of the wild fruits sown in the required number in step (1), crushing them until the seed core is visible, mixing them with the pulp, and then placing them in an environment at 22-26° C. and a relative humidity of 70-75% for 24-28 hours for later use;

[0032] (3) Taking another portion of the wild fruit obtained in step (1), discarding the seed core, retaining the pulp and mashing it into a paste, then placing it in an environment at 35-38°C and a relative humidity of 70-75% for 48-72 hours, and setting aside; washing the seed core with water, wrapping it in wet gauze, and setting aside;

[0033] 1.3 Test methods

[0034] Direct seeding of fruit + fruit puree: Randomly sow the fruit obtained in step 1.2 (2) in the experimental area, digging a furrow to a depth of 10-12 cm. Cover with 2-3 cm of soil after sowing the fruit. Repeat 5 times. After sowing and before germination, spread the fruit puree obtained in step 1.2 (3) to a thickness of 1-2 cm at the sowing site once a month. Observe the germination and growth patterns of the seedlings in the following year.

[0035] Direct seeding: The fruits obtained in step 1.2 (2) were randomly sown in the experimental area with a furrow depth of 10-12 cm. After sowing, the soil was covered with 2-3 cm of soil. Repeat 5 times. The germination and growth patterns of the seedlings were observed the following year.

[0036] Seed + fruit puree direct seeding: Part of the removed seeds were sown in rows in the experimental plot; another part was stratified and sown in the experimental plot in the spring of the following year. The furrow depth was 10-12 cm. After sowing, the soil was covered with 2-3 cm of soil. This was repeated 5 times. After sowing and before germination, the fruit puree obtained in step 1.2 (3) was spread 1-2 cm thick on the sowing site. This was done once a month. The germination and growth patterns of the seeds were observed the following year.

[0037] Direct seeding: Drill seed some of the removed seeds in the experimental plot; stratify some of the seeds and sow them in the following spring. Dig trenches 10-12 cm deep and cover with 2-3 cm of soil after sowing. Repeat this process five times. Observe the germination, emergence, and growth patterns of the seeds the following year.

[0038] Starting from the spring of the second year, record the main seedling emergence period of all sowings. Count the number of all seedlings when no seedlings emerge. Count the number of preserved seedlings of all sowings in the autumn of the second year, which is the number of established plants.

[0039] Seedling rate = (number of seedlings grown to 4 leaves and 1 heart / number of seeds sown) × 100%

[0040] Establishment rate = (number of preserved seeds / number of sown seeds) × 100%

[0041] Meteorological data collection: A Davis automatic weather station was placed in the experimental area to record meteorological factors such as air temperature (℃), relative humidity (%), photosynthetically active radiation (w / m2), rainfall (mm), wind speed (m / s), soil temperature (℃), and soil moisture content (m3 / m3).

[0042] 1.4 Data Processing

[0043] Excel 2013 was used for graphing and SPSS 20.0 was used for correlation analysis.

[0044] 2 Results and Analysis

[0045] Table 1

[0046]

[0047] As shown in Table 1, the seedling survival and establishment rates of the three fruit trees were higher for direct seeding from fruit than for direct seeding from seeds. Wild apricot seeding from fruit had the highest seedling survival and survival rates, both at 99.60%, indicating no seedling mortality after seeding. However, the seedling survival and establishment rates of wild apricot seeding from seeds were 29.67% and 28.33%, respectively, significantly lower than those of direct seeding from fruit. Furthermore, some seedlings died after emergence. Application of fruit puree did not significantly improve the seedling survival and establishment rates of wild apricot seeding from fruit, but slightly increased those of wild apricot seeding from seeds, though not exceeding those of wild apricot seeding from fruit. Application of fruit puree had a greater effect on direct seeding from fruit of wild apple and wild cherry plum, significantly improving both the seedling survival and establishment rates. These results suggest that fruit puree, after a certain degree of fermentation, may contain active ingredients that promote seed germination and is universally applicable to wild apple, wild apricot, and wild cherry plum. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanism.

[0048] The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is apparent that many variations and modifications are possible in light of the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments have been selected and described for the purpose of explaining the specific principles of the invention and their practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to realize and utilize a variety of exemplary embodiments of the invention and various options and modifications. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for artificial sowing and regeneration of wild fruit trees, characterized in that: The manual seeding updating method comprises the following steps: (1) In the autumn when the fruits of wild fruit forests are ripe, randomly collect wild fruits, wash the surface and set aside; (2) taking a portion of the wild fruits sown in the required number in step (1), crushing them until the seed core is visible, mixing them with the pulp, and then placing them in an environment at 22-26° C. and a relative humidity of 70-75% for 24-28 hours for later use; (3) taking another portion of the wild fruit obtained in step (1), discarding the seeds and cores, retaining the pulp and mashing it into a paste, and then placing it in an environment at 35-38° C. and a relative humidity of 70-75% for 48-72 hours for later use; (4) randomly sowing the fruits obtained in step (2) in the planting area, digging furrows to a depth of 10 to 12 cm, and covering the soil with 0 to 6 cm after sowing the fruits; (5) After sowing and before germination, spread the fruit puree obtained in step (3) to a thickness of 1 to 4 cm at the sowing site once a month.

2. The artificial sowing renewal method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wild fruit is any one of wild apricot, wild cherry plum and wild apple.

3. The artificial sowing renewal method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the wild fruit is wild apricot, the required number of seeds to be sown is 300 to 440.

4. The artificial sowing renewal method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the wild fruit is wild apricot, the required number of seeds to be sown is 400.

5. The artificial sowing and renewal method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the wild fruit is wild cherry plum, the required number of seeds to be sown is 200 to 310.

6. The artificial sowing and renewal method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the wild fruit is wild cherry plum, the required number of seeds to be sown is 220.

7. The artificial sowing and renewal method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the wild fruit is wild apple, the required number of seeds to be sown is 750 to 3400.

8. The artificial sowing and renewal method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the wild fruit is wild apple, the required number of seeds to be sown is 750.

9. The artificial sowing and renewal method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the soil is covered to a depth of 2 to 3 cm after sowing the fruits.

10. The artificial sowing and renewal method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (5), the fruit puree is spread to a thickness of 1 to 2 cm.

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