Feed for feeding cordyceps sinensis host hepialus larvae as well as preparation method and application of feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed for feeding cordyceps sinensis host hepialus larvae as well as a preparation method and application of the feed, and relates to the technical field of artificial feeds. The feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-20 parts of beer yeast powder and / or casein, 30-80 parts of wheat germ powder, 20-40 parts of carrot powder, 0.2-5 parts of a modified preservative, 0.05-0.2 part of antibiotics, 0.2-5 parts of vitamins, 0.01-1 part of edible oil, 6-15 parts of agar and 200-400 parts of water. The modified preservative is composed of a chitosan oligosaccharide-natamycin compound subjected to plasma activation treatment and potassium sorbate according to the ratio of 1: 3-1: 5; a modified preservative composed of a chitosan oligosaccharide-natamycin compound subjected to plasma activation treatment and potassium sorbate is adopted, a porous microsphere structure is formed through a specific preparation process, and the contact area of the preservative and the feed is greatly increased. Agar and water form a gel matrix at a specific temperature, and nutritional ingredients and the like are injected into a coaxial micro-fluidic device, so that the preservative effect of the feed is remarkably enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of artificial feeds, in particular to a feed for feeding Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Cordyceps sinensis is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal herb native to my country's Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Essentially, it is a fungus-insect complex formed by the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps sinensis infecting insects of the Hepialidae family, particularly the underground larvae of the Thitarodes and Hepialus genera, which use the insects as nutrients for growth and reproduction. In recent years, due to the increasing demand and price of Cordyceps sinensis, overharvesting and destruction of plateau meadows have become increasingly serious. Given the endangered and scarce status of natural Cordyceps sinensis resources, the artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis using Cordyceps sinensis strains and Hepialus larvae is an important alternative to natural Cordyceps sinensis and is of great significance for the protection of the unique resources and ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

[0003] Large-scale artificial rearing of bat moths is a prerequisite for the successful cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis. As holometabolous insects, bat moths only feed during their larval stage. Raising bat moth larvae on natural feed requires a lot of space, is cumbersome, and expensive. Artificial feed, on the other hand, effectively addresses these issues and significantly improves the efficiency and profitability of factory-scale production.

[0004] Existing artificial feeds for Cordyceps moth larvae are relatively complex, with their main ingredients including soybean meal, fish meal, cornmeal, broad beans, oats, and other ingredients. They also contain natural feeds such as Polygonum villosa, beetroot, and rhubarb, which require special planting or procurement, and the feed preparation process is also relatively complicated. More importantly, Cordyceps moth larvae grow slowly and eat very little daily. Reported artificial feeds have poor palatability, a shelf life of less than 7 days, and lack a suitable growth environment and space for the underground Cordyceps moth larvae, making them impractical. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an artificial feed with a long shelf life, good palatability, and strong practicality, as well as supporting preparation and use methods, to reduce the cost of artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis and improve production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a feed for raising Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. The preparation method can solve the problem of a feed for raising Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a feed for feeding Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae, comprising the following components by weight:

[0007] 5-20 parts of brewer's yeast powder and / or casein, 30-80 parts of wheat germ powder, 20-40 parts of carrot powder, 0.2-5 parts of modified preservative, 0.05-0.2 parts of antibiotic, 0.2-5 parts of vitamin, 0.01-1 parts of edible oil, 6-15 parts of agar, and 200-400 parts of water;

[0008] The modified preservative is composed of a chitosan oligosaccharide-natamycin complex treated with plasma activation and potassium sorbate in a mass ratio of 1:3-1:5.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified preservative comprises:

[0010] Step 1: dissolve natamycin and chitosan oligosaccharide in a pH 6.8 phosphate buffer at a ratio of 1:2;

[0011] Step 2: inject into the reactor under 20-50kHz ultrasound, introduce argon plasma, power 200-500W, and treat for 5-15 minutes;

[0012] Step 3: adding potassium sorbate and freeze-drying to form a porous microsphere structure.

[0013] Preferably, the vitamins include B vitamins, vitamin C and vitamin E, with a mass ratio of 1-2:0.5-1:0.1-0.3.

[0014] Preferably, the edible oil is corn oil or soybean oil.

[0015] A method for preparing a feed, characterized by comprising:

[0016] (a) Agar and water form a gel matrix at 90-95°C;

[0017] (b) passing brewer's yeast powder, casein, wheat germ powder, and carrot powder through a 100-mesh sieve and mixing into the gel;

[0018] (c) injecting the modified preservative, antibiotics, and vitamins through an edible oil carrier at 45-50° C.;

[0019] (d) Homogenize at 25 MPa and then package, sterilize at 115℃ for 15 minutes

[0020] Preferably, step (c) is injected using a coaxial microfluidic device, with the inner phase being the edible oil complex at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min and the outer phase being the feed matrix at a flow rate of 5 mL / min.

[0021] Preferably, step (c) is injected using a coaxial microfluidic device, with the inner phase being the edible oil complex at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min and the outer phase being the feed matrix at a flow rate of 5 mL / min.

[0022] The present invention also provides the following technical solution: application of the feed in large-scale breeding of bat moth larvae.

[0023] Preferably, the feed replacement cycle is 30-35 days and the larval survival rate is ≥72%.

[0024] Compared to existing technologies, the present invention provides a feed for feeding Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae, as well as its preparation method and application. These feeds exhibit the following beneficial effects: A modified preservative consisting of a plasma-activated chitosan oligosaccharide-natamycin complex and potassium sorbate is formed through a specific preparation process into a porous microsphere structure, significantly increasing the contact area between the preservative and the feed. Furthermore, agar and water form a gel matrix at a specific temperature, and a coaxial microfluidic device injects nutrients, significantly enhancing the feed's antiseptic properties. This effectively ensures the quality and stability of the feed during storage and use, reducing feed waste and lowering feeding costs.

[0025] The feed formula scientifically combines ingredients such as brewer's yeast powder, casein, wheat germ powder, and carrot powder to provide bat moth larvae with comprehensive nutrition, including protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. B vitamins, vitamin C, and vitamin E are added in specific mass ratios to meet the larvae's vitamin needs for growth and development. Larvae fed this feed exhibit improved growth performance, demonstrating that this formula's nutritional balance better meets the larvae's nutritional needs, promoting their healthy growth and laying a solid foundation for subsequent Cordyceps sinensis cultivation.

[0026] Thanks to its excellent antiseptic properties and balanced nutritional supply, the feed in this application can effectively increase the survival rate and growth rate of bat moth larvae. The feed can meet the growth needs of the larvae, enhance their physical fitness, shorten the breeding cycle, and improve breeding efficiency. This is conducive to the large-scale and industrialized breeding of bat moth larvae and is of great significance to the development of the artificial cultivation industry of Cordyceps sinensis.

[0027] The feed preparation method of this application utilizes specific process parameters and steps. The temperature at which agar and water form a gel matrix is ​​controlled at 90-95°C, nutrients are injected using a coaxial microfluidic device, and homogenization pressure and sterilization conditions are strictly controlled. These parameters and steps work together to ensure uniform mixing of the feed ingredients, forming a stable structure and guaranteeing consistent and stable feed quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Feed corruption determination criteria: Refer to the "Feed Hygiene Standard" (GB13078-2017) and relevant industry specifications for determining the shelf life of food and feed. When the feed shows obvious mold, odor, or caking, or the microbial indicators exceed the safety threshold, it is determined to be corrupted.

[0030] Microbial count standards

[0031] Bacterial colony count: According to the "National Food Safety Standard Food Microbiological Examination - Determination of Total Colony Count" (GB4789.2-2022), the plate count method is used to determine the total bacterial colony count in the feed, and the results are expressed in CFU / g.

[0032] Mold count: Referring to the National Food Safety Standard - Microbiological Examination of Food - Mold and Yeast Count (GB4789.15-2016), the number of molds was determined by the dilution spread plate method using red Bengal medium. The results were expressed in CFU / g.

[0033] Reference standards for larval growth performance: Based on relevant research results and industry practical experience in artificial breeding of bat moth larvae, reference ranges for indicators such as larval survival rate and average weight gain are set to evaluate the impact of feed on larval growth.

[0034] 2. Detailed test steps

[0035] (1) Feed spoilage time test

[0036] The feeds prepared in each example and comparative example were respectively placed in sterile sealed containers, with three parallel groups set up for each sample, and stored in a constant temperature and humidity incubator at a temperature of 20±2° C. and a relative humidity of 60±5%.

[0037] Observe the appearance of the feed regularly every day and record the time when the feed becomes moldy, has an odor, lumps, and other spoilage phenomena appear. The average value of the three parallel groups is used as the spoilage time of the sample.

[0038] (2) Microbial count test

[0039] Sample preparation: Accurately weigh 25 g of the feed sample to be tested and place it in a sterile homogenizing bag containing 225 mL of sterile physiological saline. Use a slapping homogenizer to homogenize at a frequency of 80-100 times / min for 1-2 minutes to prepare a 1:10 sample solution.

[0040] Dilution: Based on the estimated microbial content, the sample solution is diluted 10-fold in series and the appropriate dilution is selected for subsequent testing.

[0041] Bacterial colony count

[0042] 1 mL of sample solution with different dilutions was respectively drawn and injected into sterile plates, with 2 parallels for each dilution.

[0043] Pour about 15-20 mL of nutrient agar medium cooled to about 46°C into the plate, mix quickly, and after the agar solidifies, place the plate upside down in a 36±1°C incubator and incubate for 48±2 hours.

[0044] After the culture is completed, the number of colonies on the plate is counted and the total number of bacterial colonies per gram of feed is calculated according to the formula.

[0045] mold count

[0046] 1 mL of sample solution with different dilutions was respectively drawn and injected into sterile plates, with 2 parallels for each dilution.

[0047] Pour about 15-20 mL of Red Bengal medium cooled to about 46°C into the plate, mix quickly, and after the agar solidifies, cover the surface of the plate with about 5 mL of Red Bengal medium to prevent the spread and growth of mold.

[0048] Place the plate upside down in an incubator at 28±1℃ for 5 days, observe and count the number of mold colonies on the plate, and calculate the number of mold colonies per gram of feed according to the formula.

[0049] (3) Larval growth performance test

[0050] Larvae grouping and rearing: Healthy bat moth larvae of the same age were selected and randomly divided into several groups, with 50 larvae in each group, and reared in rearing boxes of the same specifications.

[0051] Feeding: Feed the corresponding embodiment or comparative example into each group of feeding boxes at regular intervals every day. The feeding amount should just meet the larvae's feeding needs without any obvious surplus.

[0052] Environmental control: The breeding environment was maintained at a temperature of 18-22°C, a relative humidity of 50-70%, and a photoperiod of 12 h light / 12 h dark.

[0053] Data Recording

[0054] Survival rate: The number of larval deaths was recorded every 5 days. After the experimental period, the larval survival rate was calculated using the following formula: Survival rate (%) = (initial number of larvae - number of dead larvae) ÷ initial number of larvae × 100%.

[0055] Average weight gain: Weigh each group of larvae before and after the experiment, and calculate the average weight gain using the following formula: Average weight gain (mg / head) = (total weight of larvae at the end of the experiment - total weight of larvae before the experiment) / number of surviving larvae.

[0056] It should be noted that the equipment and instruments used in this application are not intended to be a specific limitation on the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may use other equipment and instruments that can achieve the same purpose. The specific names and models are as follows:

[0057] Constant temperature and humidity incubator: Used to simulate the environmental conditions required for feed storage and larval rearing. It preserves feed samples during feed spoilage tests and provides an ideal temperature and humidity environment for larvae during larval growth performance tests. Models available include the FR-FRH series, such as the FR-FRH-80. Its chamber dimensions (D×W×H: 450×450×500 mm) meet testing space requirements and precisely control the temperature at 20±2°C and relative humidity at 60±5%, complying with relevant national standards such as GB / T2423.1-2001 and GB / T2423.3-1993. This model features microcomputer intelligent control, LCD display of temperature and humidity, and over-temperature alarm, ensuring a stable and reliable experimental environment. You can also choose the HWS series of Tianjin Test Instrument Co., Ltd., such as HWS-70B, which has an operating temperature range of 0-65°C without humidification and 10-65°C with humidification, a temperature distribution of ±1°C, a humidity control range of 45%-90% RH, and an internal volume of 70L. Its independent humidification function can effectively achieve humidity control and provide a stable environment for the experiment.

[0058] Sterile homogenization bags: These bags are used to hold feed samples and sterile saline during sample processing for microbial count testing, and are used with a slap-type homogenizer. NASCO sterile sampling bags are available in various sizes, ranging from as small as 6.5 x 12.5 cm, to accommodate varying sample sizes. These bags are made of materials that meet hygiene standards, ensuring contamination-free samples.

[0059] Slapping homogenizer: used to mix feed samples with sterile saline thoroughly to make a 1:10 sample solution, providing a uniform sample for subsequent microbial counting. For example, the scientz-09 sterile homogenizer has the advantages of gentle homogenization, no contamination, no damage to the sample, and no temperature rise, which meets the requirements for sample preparation for microbial testing. The slapping time is 0.1 to 99 minutes (in steps of 0.1 minutes), the slapping speed is 3 to 12 times / second (in steps of 0.1 times / second), the actual number of slaps is displayed, and the system automatically adjusts the slapping speed. It can be multi-programmed and has 10 groups of multi-programming parameter saving functions. It can effectively separate the microorganisms on the surface and inside of solid samples to ensure accurate test results. Seward, UK Series are also available, such as The 400 series has a processing capacity of 80 to 400 ml, a continuously adjustable speed of 75 to 300 rpm (5 rpm steps), and can be timed (1 second to 99 minutes and 59 seconds). The unique and proprietary "stomach" shaped paddles create an island effect by impacting the sample with high intensity during operation, enhancing the stirring of the sample and greatly improving the bacterial extraction rate. It is suitable for homogenization of samples such as food and medicine to ensure the accuracy of test results.

[0060] Sterile Petri dishes: Used to hold diluted sample solutions and culture media during bacterial and mold counts. Domestic sterile Petri dishes from Changzhou Dongpu Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd. are available. Common sizes include 30mm, 60mm, 90mm, and 120mm.

[0061] Nutrient agar medium container: used to hold and distribute nutrient agar medium for bacterial colony counting. Generally made of heat-resistant glass or plastic that meets hygiene standards.

[0062] Red Bengal culture medium container: used to contain and distribute Red Bengal culture medium for mold counting, also made of high-temperature resistant glass or plastic containers that meet hygiene standards.

[0063] Electronic balance: Used during feed preparation and larvae weighing. During feed preparation, it is used to accurately weigh ingredients such as brewer's yeast powder, casein, wheat germ powder, carrot powder, modified preservatives, antibiotics, vitamins, cooking oil, agar, and other ingredients to ensure accurate proportions. When weighing larvae, it is used to measure larval weight before and after the experiment to calculate average weight gain. An electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.01g or higher can be used to meet the experimental requirements for weight measurement accuracy.

[0064] Rearing boxes: Used for raising bat moth larvae during larval growth performance testing. They are typically made of transparent plastic, offering good ventilation and visibility for easy observation of larval growth. Consistent specifications ensure consistent experimental conditions.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] A feed for feeding Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae, comprising a modified preservative, is prepared by dissolving natamycin and chitosan oligosaccharide in a pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution at a ratio of 1:2, injecting the solution into a reactor under 20 kHz ultrasound, introducing argon plasma at a power of 200 W for 5 minutes, adding potassium sorbate (the mass ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide-natamycin complex to potassium sorbate is 1:3), and freeze-drying the solution to form a porous microsphere structure.

[0067] Feed preparation: Weigh 2 parts of brewer's yeast powder, 3 parts of casein, 30 parts of wheat germ powder, 20 parts of carrot powder, 0.2 parts of modified preservative, 0.05 parts of antibiotic, 0.2 parts of vitamins (B vitamins, vitamin C, and vitamin E in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.1), 0.01 parts of corn oil, 6 parts of agar, and 200 parts of water. Agar and water were heated at 90°C to form a gel matrix. Brewer's yeast powder, casein, wheat germ powder, and carrot powder were sieved through a 100-mesh sieve and then mixed into the gel. The modified preservative, antibiotic, and vitamins were injected through the corn oil carrier using a coaxial microfluidic device at 45°C (the internal phase was the corn oil complex at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min, and the external phase was the feed matrix at a flow rate of 5 mL / min). The mixture was homogenized at 20 MPa and packaged. Sterilized at 115°C for 15 minutes.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] A feed for feeding Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae, comprising a modified preservative, is prepared by dissolving natamycin and chitosan oligosaccharide in a pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution at a ratio of 1:2, injecting the solution into a reactor under 35kHz ultrasound, introducing argon plasma at a power of 350W for 10 minutes, adding potassium sorbate (the mass ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide-natamycin complex to potassium sorbate is 1:4), and then freeze-drying the solution to form a porous microsphere structure.

[0070] Feed preparation: 4 parts brewer's yeast powder, 8 parts casein, 55 parts wheat germ powder, 30 parts carrot powder, 2.6 parts modified preservative, 0.12 parts antibiotic, 2.6 parts vitamins (B vitamins, vitamin C, and vitamin E in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.75:0.2), 0.5 parts soybean oil, 10 parts agar, and 300 parts water were weighed. Agar and water were heated at 93°C to form a gel matrix. Brewer's yeast powder, casein, wheat germ powder, and carrot powder were sieved through a 100-mesh sieve and then mixed into the gel. The modified preservative, antibiotic, and vitamins were injected through the soybean oil carrier using a coaxial microfluidic device at 47°C (the internal phase was the soybean oil complex at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min, and the external phase was the feed matrix at a flow rate of 5 mL / min). The mixture was homogenized at 23 MPa and packaged. The mixture was sterilized at 115°C for 18 minutes.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] A feed for feeding Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae, comprising a modified preservative, is prepared by dissolving natamycin and chitosan oligosaccharide in a pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution at a ratio of 1:2, injecting the solution into a reactor under 50kHz ultrasound, introducing argon plasma at a power of 500W for 15 minutes, adding potassium sorbate (the mass ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide-natamycin complex to potassium sorbate is 1:5), and freeze-drying the solution to form a porous microsphere structure.

[0073] Feed preparation: Weigh 5 parts of brewer's yeast powder, 15 parts of casein, 80 parts of wheat germ powder, 40 parts of carrot powder, 5 parts of modified preservative, 0.2 parts of antibiotic, 5 parts of vitamins (B vitamins, vitamin C, and vitamin E in a mass ratio of 2:1:0.3), 1 part of corn oil, 15 parts of agar, and 400 parts of water. Agar and water were heated at 95°C to form a gel matrix. Brewer's yeast powder, casein, wheat germ powder, and carrot powder were sieved through a 100-mesh sieve and then mixed into the gel. The modified preservative, antibiotic, and vitamins were injected through the corn oil carrier using a coaxial microfluidic device at 50°C (the internal phase was the corn oil complex at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min, and the external phase was the feed matrix at a flow rate of 5 mL / min). The mixture was homogenized at 25 MPa and packaged. Sterilized at 115°C for 20 minutes.

[0074] Example 4

[0075] A feed for feeding Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae, comprising a modified preservative, is prepared by dissolving natamycin and chitosan oligosaccharide in a pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution at a ratio of 1:2, injecting the solution into a reactor under 35kHz ultrasound, introducing argon plasma at a power of 350W for 10 minutes, adding potassium sorbate (the mass ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide-natamycin complex to potassium sorbate is 1:4), and then freeze-drying the solution to form a porous microsphere structure.

[0076] Feed preparation: Weigh 4 parts of brewer's yeast powder, 8 parts of casein, 55 parts of wheat germ powder, 30 parts of carrot powder, 2.6 parts of modified preservative, 0.12 parts of antibiotic, 2.6 parts of vitamins (B vitamins, vitamin C, and vitamin E in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.75:0.2), 0.5 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of agar, and 300 parts of water. Agar and water are heated at 93°C to form a gel matrix. Brewer's yeast powder, casein, wheat germ powder, and carrot powder are sieved through a 100-mesh sieve and then mixed into the gel. The modified preservative, antibiotic, and vitamin are directly mixed into the feed matrix through the soybean oil carrier at 47°C. Homogenize at 23 MPa and package. Sterilize at 115°C for 18 minutes.

[0077] Example 5

[0078] A feed for feeding Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae, comprising a modified preservative, is prepared by dissolving natamycin and chitosan oligosaccharide in a pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution at a ratio of 1:2, injecting the solution into a reactor under 35kHz ultrasound, introducing argon plasma at a power of 350W for 10 minutes, adding potassium sorbate (the mass ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide-natamycin complex to potassium sorbate is 1:4), and then freeze-drying the solution to form a porous microsphere structure.

[0079] Feed preparation: 4 parts brewer's yeast powder, 8 parts casein, 55 parts wheat germ powder, 30 parts carrot powder, 2.6 parts modified preservative, 0.12 parts antibiotic, 2.6 parts vitamins (B vitamins, vitamin C, and vitamin E in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.75:0.2), 0.5 parts soybean oil, 10 parts agar, and 300 parts water were weighed. Agar and water were heated at 93°C to form a gel matrix. Brewer's yeast powder, casein, wheat germ powder, and carrot powder were passed through a 100-mesh sieve and mixed into the gel. The modified preservative, antibiotic, and vitamins were injected through the soybean oil carrier using a coaxial microfluidic device at 47°C (the internal phase was the soybean oil complex at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min, and the external phase was the feed matrix at a flow rate of 5 mL / min). The homogenization pressure was 18 MPa, and the sterilization conditions were 115°C for 12 minutes.

[0080] Comparative Example 1

[0081] No modified preservative was used, and only 5 parts of potassium sorbate was used. Other raw materials and preparation steps were the same as those in Example 2.

[0082] Comparative Example 2

[0083] Without plasma activation treatment, natamycin and chitosan oligosaccharide were dissolved in a pH 6.8 phosphate buffer at a ratio of 1:2, potassium sorbate was added (the mass ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide-natamycin complex to potassium sorbate was 1:4) and then freeze-dried to form a mixture. Other raw materials and preparation steps were the same as those in Example 2.

[0084] Comparative Example 3

[0085] No vitamins were added, and other raw materials and preparation steps were the same as in Example 2.

[0086] Comparative Example 4:

[0087] The brewer's yeast powder and / or casein were replaced with an equal amount of corn flour, and the other raw materials and preparation steps were the same as those in Example 2.

[0088] Comparative Example 5

[0089] Agar and water were heated to 85° C. to form a gel matrix. Other raw materials and preparation steps were the same as those in Example 2.

[0090] Comparative Example 6

[0091] Common bat moth larvae feed on the market was selected, and the specific ingredients are shown in Table 1.

[0092] Table 1 Composition of Comparative Example 6

[0093] Element Content (parts by weight) wheat bran 40-60 corn flour 30-50 soybean meal 10-20 Conventional preservatives (such as potassium sorbate) 0.5-1.5 Ordinary vitamin premix 0.3-0.8 water 150-250 Other additives (such as minerals, etc.) 2-5

[0094] Performance tests were performed on the products of the examples and comparative examples, and physical property tests were performed on the products of the examples and comparative examples, including spoilage time (days), larval survival rate (%), average weight gain (mg / head), bacterial colony count (CFU / g), and mold count (CFU / g). The specific test results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0095] Table 2

[0096] Corruption time (days) Larvae survival rate (%) Example 1 45 73 Example 2 52 78 Example 3 58 82 Example 4 38 70 Example 5 35 68 Comparative Example 1 28 65 Comparative Example 2 32 68 Comparative Example 3 30 66 Comparative Example 4 25 62 Comparative Example 5 30 67 Comparative Example 6 12 60

[0097] Table 3

[0098] Average weight gain (mg / head) Bacterial colonies (CFU / g) Mold count (CFU / g) Example 1 12.5 500 300 Example 2 15.2 400 250 Example 3 17.8 350 200 Example 4 11 600 350 Example 5 10.5 650 400 Comparative Example 1 9.8 800 500 Comparative Example 2 10.2 750 450 Comparative Example 3 10 780 480 Comparative Example 4 8.5 900 600 Comparative Example 5 10.3 760 460 Comparative Example 6 8 1000 650

[0099] The spoilage time of the feed prepared in Example 2 reached 52 days, the bacterial colony count was 400 CFU / g, and the mold count was 250 CFU / g. In Example 4, the injection method of step (c) was changed, and the coaxial microfluidic device was not used, and the feed was directly mixed in. The spoilage time was shortened to 38 days, the bacterial colony count increased to 600 CFU / g, and the mold count increased to 350 CFU / g. After changing the homogenization pressure and sterilization conditions in step (d) in Example 5, the spoilage time was further shortened to 35 days, the bacterial colony count was 650 CFU / g, and the mold count reached 400 CFU / g. This shows that the specific coaxial microfluidic device injection method in the present invention can make the modified preservatives, antibiotics, and vitamins more evenly dispersed in the feed matrix, forming a more effective antiseptic and antibacterial system; reasonable homogenization pressure and sterilization conditions ensure the stability of the internal structure of the feed, reduce the risk of microbial growth, effectively extend the shelf life of the feed, and ensure the quality of the feed.

[0100] Compared to the existing feed of Comparative Example 6, Example 2 exhibited even greater antiseptic properties. The existing feed spoiled in just 22 days, with bacterial colony counts reaching 1000 CFU / g and mold counts reaching 650 CFU / g. This demonstrates that the improved preparation steps of the present invention, through scientific process parameter control, significantly enhance the antiseptic properties of the feed, far exceeding the level of existing feed.

[0101] The survival rate of bat moth larvae raised in Example 2 was 78%, with an average weight gain of 15.2 mg / head. Due to changes in the preparation process in Examples 4 and 5, the survival rate of the larvae dropped to 70% and 68%, respectively, and the average weight gain also decreased to 11.0 mg / head and 10.5 mg / head. This is because the changes in the preparation process affected the uniformity and stability of the nutritional components in the feed, resulting in the larvae being unable to fully absorb the required nutrients, which in turn affected their growth and development.

[0102] In contrast, the existing feed in Comparative Example 6 had a larval survival rate of only 60%, with an average weight gain of 8.0 mg / head, far lower than that in Example 2. This fully demonstrates that the improved preparation steps of the present invention, through precise control of the mixing and processing conditions of the various ingredients, ensure the effectiveness and stability of the feed's nutrients, provide a higher-quality nutritional source for the larvae, and significantly improve their survival rate and growth rate, which is of great significance for achieving large-scale breeding of bat moth larvae.

[0103] In summary, it can be clearly seen from the comparison of test data that the improved preparation steps of the present invention have significant beneficial effects in improving the antiseptic performance of feed and optimizing the growth performance of larvae. Compared with the existing feed and the situation after changing the preparation steps, it shows obvious technical advantages and application value.

[0104] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions, or modifications based on the present invention to solve substantially the same technical problems and achieve substantially the same technical effects are all included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for raising Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae, characterized in that: The following components are included in parts by weight: 5-20 parts of brewer's yeast powder and / or casein, 30-80 parts of wheat germ powder, 20-40 parts of carrot powder, 0.2-5 parts of modified preservative, 0.05-0.2 parts of antibiotic, 0.2-5 parts of vitamin, 0.01-1 parts of edible oil, 6-15 parts of agar, and 200-400 parts of water; The modified preservative is composed of a chitosan oligosaccharide-natamycin complex treated with plasma activation and potassium sorbate in a mass ratio of 1:3-1:

5.

2. The feed for raising Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified preservative comprises: Step 1: dissolve natamycin and chitosan oligosaccharide in a pH 6.8 phosphate buffer at a ratio of 1:2; Step 2: inject into the reactor under 20-50kHz ultrasound, introduce argon plasma, power 200-500W, and treat for 5-15 minutes; Step 3: adding potassium sorbate and freeze-drying to form a porous microsphere structure.

3. The feed for raising Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vitamins include B vitamins, vitamin C and vitamin E, with a mass ratio of 1-2:0.5-1:0.1-0.

3.

4. The feed for raising Cordyceps sinensis host bat moth larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edible oil is corn oil or soybean oil.

5. A method for preparing feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: include: (a) Agar and water form a gel matrix at 90-95°C; (b) passing brewer's yeast powder, casein, wheat germ powder, and carrot powder through a 100-mesh sieve and mixing into the gel; (c) injecting the modified preservative, antibiotics, and vitamins through an edible oil carrier at 45-50° C.; (d) Homogenize at 25 MPa, then aliquot and sterilize at 115°C for 15 minutes.

6. The method for preparing the feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step (c) was injected using a coaxial microfluidic device, with the inner phase being the edible oil complex at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min and the outer phase being the feed matrix at a flow rate of 5 mL / min.

7. The method for preparing the feed according to claim 5, wherein: The homogenization pressure in step (d) is 20-25 MPa, and the sterilization condition is 115° C. maintained for 15-20 minutes.

8. Use of the feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in large-scale breeding of bat moth larvae.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The feed replacement cycle is 30-35 days, and the larval survival rate is ≥72%.