Full-automatic feeding and discharging numerical control machine tool

Abstract

The full-automatic feeding and discharging numerical control machine tool comprises a machine body, a machine tool body is arranged on the machine body, a tailstock and a main shaft are sequentially arranged on the machine tool body in the length direction, the tailstock and the main shaft are coaxially opposite, and a machine tool inner protective cover and a tool rest table used for installing a tool turret are arranged on the machine tool body. The tool rest table achieves Z-direction movement through a Z-axis linear guide rail, a Z-axis ball screw and a screw end bearing, is driven and controlled by a Z-axis servo driver, achieves X-direction movement through an X-axis linear guide rail, an X-axis ball screw and a screw end bearing, and is driven and controlled by an X-axis servo motor and an X-axis servo driver. The servo motor and the driver drive the tool rest table to move along the X-axis and the Z-axis, the tool turret automatically changes tools, and the main shaft rotates for machining. The tailstock and the main shaft are matched to automatically clamp a workpiece, the oil pressure station provides power, pipeline maintenance components are automatically lubricated, the chip removal mechanism cleans cuttings, full-process automatic machining is achieved, and efficiency and precision are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, in particular to a fully automatic loading and unloading numerical control machine tool. Background Art

[0002] In the machinery manufacturing industry, CNC machine tools are core processing equipment, and their degree of automation directly impacts production efficiency and machining accuracy. Traditional CNC machine tools often rely on manual loading and unloading operations, which presents the following challenges: First, manual loading and unloading is inefficient, and frequent clamping operations result in lengthy processing time, making it difficult to meet the demands of high-volume production. Second, manual operation is susceptible to fatigue and emotional factors, leading to clamping errors, which in turn affect machining accuracy and product consistency. Third, manual operation poses safety risks when machining large, heavy, or high-temperature, high-risk workpieces. While some automated CNC machine tools incorporate loading and unloading mechanisms, these mechanisms present complex structures, high costs, and poor compatibility. For example, some specialized loading and unloading devices are only suitable for workpieces of specific sizes or shapes, failing to meet diverse production needs. Some integrated loading and unloading systems lack precise control over the linkage between the machine tool and the machine itself, making them prone to loading and unloading timing errors or collisions, leading to equipment failure. Furthermore, existing equipment still lacks precision control, rapid tool switching, and automated maintenance of the machining environment, making it difficult to achieve efficient and stable automated machining throughout the entire process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fully automatic loading and unloading CNC machine tool to solve the problems of low efficiency of manual loading and unloading, unstable processing accuracy, poor equipment compatibility and insufficient automation proposed in the above background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a fully automatic loading and unloading CNC machine tool, comprising a machine body, a bed body is provided on the machine body, a tailstock and a spindle are provided on the bed body in sequence along the length direction, the two are coaxially opposite to each other, the bed body is provided with a machine tool inner protective cover, and a tool holder table for mounting a turret, the tool holder table realizes Z-direction movement through a Z-axis linear guide, a Z-axis ball screw and a screw end bearing, and is driven and controlled by a Z-axis servo driver, and at the same time realizes X-direction movement through an X-axis linear guide, an X-axis ball screw and a screw end bearing, and is driven and controlled by an X-axis servo driver The motor and X-axis servo driver drive control, the turret is installed on the tool holder table, and is driven by the turret servo motor to rotate and locked by the turret locking assembly, the turret is provided with a turret clamp blade installation position and an end tool holder installation position, the spindle is driven by the spindle servo motor, and the chuck is adapted by the spindle nose end, the bed cover is a large cover of the machine tool, and the interior is integrated with an electric cabinet air conditioner and an electrical component mounting plate, and also contains an automatic lubrication pipeline, a chip conveyor mounting base, and an oil pressure station. The automatic lubrication pipeline is connected to the machine body through the bed connecting base, and a turret control module mounting position is provided next to the turret.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the tailstock can slide along the bed guide rail, and the tailstock center sleeve can be axially extended and retracted.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the spindle speed and direction are controlled by a spindle servo motor, and the spindle nose chuck hydraulically clamps and releases the workpiece by means of an oil pressure station.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the electric cabinet air conditioner automatically switches between cooling and heating according to the temperature of the electric cabinet, thereby ensuring the working environment of the components on the electrical component installation board.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the tool holder is matched with the Z-axis linear guide and the X-axis linear guide with the Z-axis ball screw and the X-axis ball screw. The Z-axis and X-axis motion accuracy reaches [X] mm, and the repeat positioning accuracy reaches [Y] mm.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the turret is driven by a turret servo motor to rotate, the tool change time is ≤ [Z] s, and the repeat positioning accuracy after locking is ≤ [M] mm.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the automatic lubrication pipeline automatically lubricates the Z-axis linear guide and the X-axis linear guide and the Z-axis ball screw and the X-axis ball screw according to preset intervals and dosages.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the chip removal mechanism on the chip conveyor installation base has a chip removal efficiency ≥ [N] kg / h.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the machine tool outer cover and the machine tool inner protective cover form a protective structure, and the machine tool outer cover is provided with a transparent observation window.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. Through servo drive, hydraulic control and modular structure design, the whole process of workpiece clamping, processing, tool changing and chip removal is automated, which reduces manual intervention and greatly improves production efficiency;

[0015] 2. By adopting ball screw-linear guide transmission chain and closed-loop servo control, combined with turret high-precision locking technology, the processing accuracy reaches micron level, meeting the precision manufacturing needs of complex parts.

[0016] 3. Intelligent temperature control, automatic lubrication and efficient chip removal systems reduce the risk of equipment failure. The modular design facilitates component replacement and maintenance, extending the equipment's mean time between failures (MTBF). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram showing the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the internal structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram showing the side structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram showing the rear structure of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1. Machine body; 2. Bed; 3. Tailstock; 4. Tailstock; 5. Electric cabinet air conditioner (5); 6. Electrical component mounting plate; 7. Machine tool outer cover; 8. Machine tool inner protective cover; 9. Tool holder; 10. Z-axis linear guide; 11. X-axis servo drive; 12. Z-axis servo drive; 13. X-axis ball screw; 14. Z-axis ball screw; 15. X-axis servo motor; 16. X-axis linear guide; 17. Screw end bearing; 18. Automatic lubrication pipeline; 19. Turret servo motor; 20. Turret blade clamp mounting position; 21. End tool holder mounting position; 22. Bed connection base; 23. Spindle servo motor; 24. Turret; 25. Turret locking assembly; 26. Oil pressure station; 27. Chip conveyor mounting base; 28. Spindle nose; 29. ​​Turret control module mounting position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] See also Figure 1-5The present invention provides a fully automatic loading and unloading CNC machine tool, comprising a machine body 1, a bed 2 being provided on the machine body 1, a tailstock 3 and a spindle 4 being provided on the bed 2 in sequence along the length direction, the two being coaxially opposed, a machine tool inner protective cover 8 and a tool holder 9 for mounting a tool turret 24 being provided on the bed 2, the tool holder 9 realizing Z-direction movement through a Z-axis linear guide 10, a Z-axis ball screw 14 and a screw end bearing 17, and being driven and controlled by a Z-axis servo driver 12, and realizing X-direction movement through an X-axis linear guide 16, an X-axis ball screw 13 and a screw end bearing 17, and It is driven and controlled by the X-axis servo motor 15 and the X-axis servo driver 11. The turret 24 is mounted on the tool holder 9 and is driven by the turret servo motor 19 to rotate and locked by the turret locking assembly 25. The turret 24 is provided with a turret blade mounting position 20 and an end tool holder mounting position 21. The spindle 4 is driven by the spindle servo motor 23 and is adapted to the chuck by the spindle nose 28. The bed 2 is covered with a large machine tool cover 7, and the interior is integrated with an electric cabinet air conditioner 5 and an electrical component mounting plate 6. It also contains an automatic lubrication pipeline 18, a chip conveyor mounting base 27, an oil pressure station 26, and an automatic lubrication pipeline 18. The bed is connected to the machine body 1 through the bed connecting base 22, and a turret control module installation position 29 is provided next to the turret 24; the machine body 1 is used as the basic frame to support the bed 2, and the workpiece is clamped by the tailstock 3 and the spindle 4 being coaxially arranged; the tool holder 9 realizes Z-direction movement under the control of the Z-axis servo driver 12 with the help of the Z-axis linear guide 10, the Z-axis ball screw 14 and the screw end bearing 17, and realizes X-direction movement through the X-axis linear guide 16, the X-axis ball screw 13, the screw end bearing 17 and the X-axis servo motor 15, and the X-axis servo driver 11, forming a two-dimensional precise positioning system. The system consists of a turret 24 mounted on the tool post 9, indexed by a turret servo motor 19, and secured by a turret locking assembly 25. The spindle 4 is rotated by a spindle servo motor 23, and the chuck at the spindle nose 28 clamps the workpiece under hydraulic power from a hydraulic station 26. The machine's outer cover 7 and inner protective cover 8 protect the machining area, while the electrical cabinet air conditioner 5 and the electrical component mounting plate 6 ensure electrical system stability. Automatic lubrication lines 18 regularly lubricate moving parts, and a chip conveyor mounting base 27 houses a chip removal mechanism for chip removal. The turret control module mounting base 29 integrates the tool change control components. Through modular integrated design, functions such as workpiece clamping, tool motion control, automatic tool changing, power drive, and system support are integrated into a complete, fully automated machining system, providing the infrastructure for subsequent loading and unloading expansion.

[0025] The tailstock 3 slides along the guide rails of the bed 2, and its center sleeve is axially retractable. Slidingly connected to the guide rails of the bed 2 via a slider, the tailstock 3 can be adjusted axially to accommodate workpieces of varying lengths. A hydraulic or mechanical retractable mechanism is incorporated within the center sleeve, allowing axial retraction and tightening of the workpiece via a hydraulic station 26 or manually. This adjustable tailstock structure breaks the limitations of traditional fixed clamping. By enabling dual adjustment of position and center sleeve retraction, it significantly enhances the machine's compatibility with diverse workpieces.

[0026] The speed and direction of spindle 4 are controlled by a spindle servo motor 23, while the chuck at the spindle nose 28 hydraulically clamps and releases the workpiece via a hydraulic station 26. The spindle servo motor 23 uses variable frequency control technology to adjust the speed and direction of spindle 4 to meet the needs of various machining processes. The chuck at the spindle nose 28 is connected to the hydraulic station 26, utilizing hydraulic pressure to automatically clamp and release the workpiece, with the pressure precisely regulated by the control system. Combining the high-precision speed control of the servo drive with the high stability of hydraulic clamping achieves coordinated automation of workpiece clamping and machining power, improving machining efficiency and safety.

[0027] The cabinet air conditioner 5 automatically switches between cooling and heating depending on the cabinet temperature, ensuring a stable operating environment for the components on the electrical component mounting plate 6. A built-in temperature sensor monitors the cabinet's internal temperature in real time. When the temperature exceeds a preset threshold, the air conditioner automatically activates cooling or heating, adjusting air flow and temperature to ensure that electrical components on the electrical component mounting plate 6, such as drivers and controllers, remain within a stable operating temperature range. This intelligent closed-loop temperature control system replaces traditional passive cooling methods, proactively adapting to complex operating conditions, effectively reducing the risk of electrical failures, and extending equipment life.

[0028] The tool holder 9, coupled with the Z-axis linear guide 10 and X-axis linear guide 16, and the Z-axis ball screw 14 and X-axis ball screw 13, achieves Z- and X-axis motion accuracy of [X] mm and repeatability of [Y] mm. The X / Z motion of the tool holder 9 relies on the high-rigidity support of the linear guides and the precise transmission of the ball screw, while the screw-end bearing 17 reduces axial play. Servo drivers 11 and 12, acting according to control system instructions, drive the servo motor 15 to precisely control the screw's rotation angle and speed, converting the motor's rotational motion into linear motion of the tool holder, achieving micron-level positioning accuracy of [X] mm and repeatability of [Y] mm. The high-precision transmission chain design of "servo drive + ball screw + linear guide" overcomes the accuracy bottleneck of traditional mechanical transmission and meets the requirements of precision machining.

[0029] The turret 24 is indexed by the turret servo motor 19, with a tool change time of ≤ [Z] seconds and a repeatability accuracy of ≤ [M] mm after locking. Upon receiving a tool change command, the turret servo motor 19 rapidly rotates the turret 24 to the target tool position via a speed reducer, with a single tool change time of ≤ [Z] seconds. After the tool change is complete, the turret locking assembly 25 secures the turret using a hydraulic or mechanical locking mechanism, such as an end gear, to ensure tool positioning accuracy of ≤ [M] mm and avoid machining vibration. This combination of high-speed indexing and rigid locking significantly reduces auxiliary machining time while ensuring tool stability after tool changes, improving machining continuity.

[0030] The automatic lubrication pipeline 18 automatically lubricates the Z-axis linear guide 10 and the X-axis linear guide 16 as well as the Z-axis ball screw 14 and the X-axis ball screw 13 at preset intervals and dosages; the automatic lubrication pipeline 18 connects the lubricating oil tank and the distributor, and controls the delivery cycle and flow rate of the lubricating oil through a time relay or a pressure sensor; the lubricating oil is delivered to the surfaces of the moving pairs such as the X / Z-axis linear guide and the ball screw through the pipeline, forming an oil film to reduce friction and extend the life of the components.

[0031] The chip removal mechanism on the chip conveyor mounting base 27 has a chip removal efficiency ≥ [N] kg / h; the chip conveyor mounting base 27 is fixed with a chain, spiral or scraper type chip removal mechanism, which is driven by a motor to operate the chip removal device to collect the chips in the processing area and transport them to the outside of the machine tool; the chip removal efficiency is ≥ [N] kg / h, ensuring that the chips are cleaned in time to avoid accumulation that affects the processing accuracy and equipment operation.

[0032] The machine tool's outer cover 7 and inner protective cover 8 form a protective structure, with a transparent observation window. These two features employ a double-layer sealing structure: the outer cover blocks chip splashing and noise diffusion, while the inner cover isolates the processing area from the operator. The outer cover observation window is constructed of high-strength transparent materials such as acrylic or tempered glass, facilitating real-time monitoring of processing status while ensuring safety. This integrated design of protection and visibility enhances process monitoring and ease of operation while ensuring operator safety.

[0033] In the present invention, this fully automatic loading and unloading CNC machine tool uses the fuselage 1 as the basic bearing structure, realizes automated processing through the coordinated operation of various functional components on the bed 2, and can flexibly expand the loading and unloading modules. In terms of workpiece clamping, the tailstock 3 and the spindle 4 are coaxially arranged, and the tailstock 3 can slide along the guide rail of the bed 2 to adjust its position. The axial telescopic function of its top sleeve cooperates with the chuck of the spindle nose 28, and is driven by the hydraulic power provided by the oil pressure station 26 to achieve fast and stable clamping of workpieces of different lengths. At the same time, the fuselage 1 reserves a standardized interface, which can be expanded to connect a truss manipulator or a six-joint robot. Through the control system and the machine tool signal interaction, it automatically grabs the workpiece to be processed and places it between the tailstock 3 and the spindle 4, completing the loading and unloading process and realizing unmanned operation. Regarding tool motion control, the tool holder 9 achieves linear motion in the Z direction through the coordination of the Z-axis linear guide 10, the Z-axis ball screw 14, and the screw-end bearing 17, driven by the Z-axis servo driver 12 and the Z-axis servo motor. Simultaneously, the X-axis linear guide 16, the X-axis ball screw 13, and the screw-end bearing 17, driven by the X-axis servo driver 11 and the X-axis servo motor 15, achieves linear motion in the X direction. This dual-axis, high-precision transmission mechanism maintains the tool holder 9's motion accuracy within [X] mm and a repeatability of [Y] mm, ensuring precise tool positioning during machining. Tool switching is accomplished by the turret 24, which is mounted on the tool holder 9. The turret servo motor 19 drives the turret 24 for rapid indexing, with a single tool change time of no more than [Z] seconds. After the tool change is complete, the turret locking assembly 25 quickly activates, precisely locking the turret 24. After locking, repeatability does not exceed [M] mm, ensuring tool stability during machining. The turret 24 features a turret blade mounting area 20 and a face toolholder mounting area 21, accommodating a variety of tool types to meet diverse machining requirements. The spindle 4 is precisely controlled by a spindle servo motor 23, accurately adjusting its speed and direction according to machining process requirements, providing stable power for workpiece cutting. To ensure operational safety, the machine's outer cover 7 and inner protective cover 8 form a double-layered protective structure, effectively blocking chip splashing during machining, reducing machining noise, and ensuring operator safety. A transparent observation window on the outer cover 7 allows the operator to observe the internal machining status in real time. The electrical cabinet air conditioner 5 monitors the internal cabinet temperature in real time and automatically switches between cooling and heating modes, providing a stable operating environment for the various electrical components mounted on the electrical component mounting plate 6. The automatic lubrication line 18 delivers lubricant to moving components, such as the X-axis linear guide 16, Z-axis linear guide 10, X-axis ball screw 13, and Z-axis ball screw 14, at predetermined intervals and dosages, reducing friction and wear between components and extending the equipment's service life.The chip removal mechanism installed on the chip conveyor mounting base 27 removes chips generated during machining at a chip removal efficiency of no less than [N]kg / h, promptly removing chips generated during machining, keeping the machining area clean, and preventing chip accumulation from interfering with machining. Through the close coordination and collaborative operation of the above structures, combined with the expanded application of a truss manipulator or a six-joint robot, this CNC machine tool achieves a fully automated process, from automatic workpiece loading and unloading, automatic tool positioning and switching, high-precision machining, to automatic maintenance of the machining environment. This significantly improves machining efficiency and precision, reduces manual operation intensity and equipment maintenance costs, and, through modular expansion capabilities, meets the automation needs of different production scenarios.

[0034] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully automatic loading and unloading CNC machine tool, comprising a machine body (1), characterized in that: The machine body (1) is provided with a bed (2), and the bed (2) is provided with a tailstock (3) and a main spindle (4) in sequence along the length direction, and the two are coaxially opposite to each other. The bed (2) is provided with a machine tool inner protective cover (8) and a tool holder (9) for mounting a turret (24). The tool holder (9) realizes Z-direction movement through a Z-axis linear guide (10), a Z-axis ball screw (14) and a screw end bearing (17), and is driven and controlled by a Z-axis servo driver (12). At the same time, it realizes X-direction movement through an X-axis linear guide (16), an X-axis ball screw (13) and a screw end bearing (17), and is driven and controlled by an X-axis servo motor (15) and an X-axis servo driver (11). The turret (24) is mounted on the tool The machine tool frame (9) is driven by a turret servo motor (19) to rotate and is locked by a turret locking assembly (25). The turret (24) is provided with a turret blade mounting position (20) and an end face tool holder mounting position (21). The spindle (4) is driven by a spindle servo motor (23) and is adapted to a chuck by a spindle nose (28). The machine tool bed (2) is covered with a large outer cover (7) of the machine tool and internally integrates an electric cabinet air conditioner (5) and an electrical component mounting plate (6). It also contains an automatic lubrication pipeline (18), a chip conveyor mounting base (27), and an oil pressure station (26). The automatic lubrication pipeline (18) is connected to the machine body (1) by a bed connecting base (22). A turret control module mounting position (29) is provided next to the turret (24).

2. The fully automatic loading and unloading CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tailstock (3) can slide along the guide rail of the bed (2), and the center sleeve of the tailstock (3) can be axially extended and retracted.

3. The fully automatic loading and unloading CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation speed and direction of the spindle (4) are controlled by the spindle servo motor (23), and the chuck at the spindle nose (28) is hydraulically clamped and released by the oil pressure station (26).

4. The fully automatic loading and unloading CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric cabinet air conditioner (5) automatically switches between cooling and heating according to the temperature of the electric cabinet, thereby ensuring the working environment of the components of the electrical component mounting plate (6).

5. The fully automatic loading and unloading CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool rest table (9) cooperates with the Z-axis ball screw (14) and the X-axis ball screw (13) via the Z-axis linear guide (10) and the X-axis linear guide (16); the Z-direction and X-direction motion accuracy reaches [X] mm, and the repeat positioning accuracy reaches [Y] mm.

6. The fully automatic loading and unloading CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The turret (24) is driven by a turret servo motor (19) to rotate, the tool change time is ≤ [Z] s, and the repeated positioning accuracy after locking is ≤ [M] mm.

7. The fully automatic loading and unloading CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic lubrication pipeline (18) automatically lubricates the Z-axis linear guide rail (10), the X-axis linear guide rail (16), the Z-axis ball screw (14), and the X-axis ball screw (13) at preset intervals and dosages.

8. The fully automatic loading and unloading CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chip removal mechanism on the chip removal machine installation base (27) has a chip removal efficiency ≥ [N] kg / h.

9. The fully automatic loading and unloading CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine tool outer cover (7) and the machine tool inner protective cover (8) form a protective structure, and the machine tool outer cover (7) is provided with a transparent observation window.

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