Special slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a special slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees and a preparation method thereof. The slow-release fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 7.5-9.5 parts of urea, 13-16 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.05-0.08 part of zinc sulfate, 0.08-0.1 part of boric acid, 50-60 parts of sheep manure, 0.8-1.5 parts of bentonite and 7-8 parts of slag powder. The prepared slow-release fertilizer can slowly release nutrient substances and provide organic matters and necessary trace elements for fruit trees, in addition, waste utilization is achieved, the production cost is remarkably reduced, and finally, due to the fact that the slow-release fertilizer does not contain chlorine elements, the slow-release fertilizer is friendly to most fruit trees and wider in application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fertilizer processing, in particular to a slow-release fertilizer specially used for fruit trees and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of agricultural production and the increasing demand for high-quality agricultural products, fruit cultivation techniques are constantly improving. Among them, slow-release fertilizers for fruit trees, as an innovative fertilization method, are gradually gaining recognition and adoption among farmers. These fertilizers utilize scientific technology to encapsulate fertilizers in specialized materials. By controlling parameters such as the pore structure and release rate of the slow-release fertilizer material, the fertilizer is continuously and steadily released to the fruit tree, meeting its nutrient needs at different growth stages.

[0003] The following points should be noted when applying slow-release fertilizer to fruit trees. First, choose the appropriate slow-release fertilizer type and dosage, tailored to the tree's growth needs, and avoid over-fertilization. Second, pay attention to fertilizer storage and application methods to ensure quality and stability. Third, design a reasonable fertilization plan based on the tree's growth characteristics and needs at different stages to ensure a scientific and complete nutrient supply.

[0004] Fruit tree fertilizers usually contain more organic matter and trace elements to meet the needs of fruit trees for specific nutrients during their growth. In contrast, fertilizers for other crops may focus more on providing large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as these are the main nutrients required for the growth of most crops. Trace elements include iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc), molybdenum and chlorine. As for fruit trees, most of them are chlorine-sensitive crops, and their chlorine tolerance is weak or medium to low. Therefore, it is not suitable to use chloride-containing fertilizers. If such fertilizers are used excessively, phenomena such as flower drop, fruit drop and leaf drop are likely to occur. Chinese patent application number 201010518055.3 discloses a urea formaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer, and its preparation raw materials contain potassium chloride and ammonium chloride, which is undoubtedly a potential hazard to most fruit trees. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a slow-release fertilizer that is friendly to most fruit trees and has comprehensive nutrition. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a slow-release fertilizer specially for fruit trees and a preparation method thereof. The slow-release fertilizer of the present invention does not contain chlorine and is more friendly to most fruit trees.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 7.5~9.5 parts of urea, 13~16 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3~5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.05~0.08 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.08~0.1 parts of boric acid, 50~60 parts of sheep manure, 0.8~1.5 parts of bentonite and 7~8 parts of slag powder.

[0007] Preferably, it is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 8.0~9.5 parts of urea, 15~16 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 4~5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.07~0.08 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1 part of boric acid, 55~60 parts of sheep manure, 0.8~1.5 parts of bentonite and 7~8 parts of slag powder.

[0008] Preferably, the phosphate fertilizer is a water-soluble phosphate fertilizer.

[0009] Preferably, the particle size of the slag powder is 40-60 μm.

[0010] Preferably, the water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is at least one of superphosphate, triple superphosphate and monoammonium phosphate.

[0011] The preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees comprises the following steps: (1) Urea, phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, slag, half the weight of sheep manure and half the weight of bentonite are mixed uniformly, and then granulated to obtain particles with a particle size of 2.0 to 2.5 mm; (2) The remaining bentonite and sheep manure are mixed evenly and then water is added to prepare a slurry, and then the slurry is evenly sprayed on the surface of the particles in step (1) and dried to prepare the slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), disc granulation is used for granulation.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the ratio of water to the total mass of the remaining bentonite and sheep manure is 80-100:5-8.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of water to the total mass of the remaining bentonite and sheep manure is 85:8.

[0015] Preferably, in step (2), the drying temperature is 50-80°C.

[0016] Preferably, in step (2), the drying time is 3 to 5 hours.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Slag is a by-product produced during the blast furnace ironmaking process. On the one hand, slag itself has a loose and porous structure and a large specific surface area. Therefore, when it is mixed with nutrients such as urea, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium sulfate, it can absorb these influencing substances and slowly release nutrients during subsequent use. On the other hand, the main components of slag include oxides such as CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, MnO, Fe2O3, and a small amount of sulfides such as CaS and MnS. The Fe and Mn it contains can provide necessary trace elements for fruit trees and safeguard their healthy growth.

[0018] (2) Prepare half of the bentonite and sheep manure into a slurry and spray it on the surface of the particles. On the one hand, the sheep manure can provide rich and comprehensive organic matter for the fruit trees from the beginning, improve the soil environment, mature the soil, and enhance the soil's ability to retain and supply fertilizers; on the other hand, due to the adsorption effect of the slag, the nutrients in the internal particles are slowly released, and the fertilizer effect lasts for a long time.

[0019] (3) Slag is an industrial waste residue. Using it to prepare slow-release fertilizer can realize waste utilization and significantly reduce production costs.

[0020] (4) The slow-release fertilizer prepared by the present invention does not contain chlorine, is friendly to most fruit trees, and has a wide range of applications. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] The phosphate fertilizer described in the examples and comparative examples is superphosphate, the particle size of the slag powder is 40-60 μm, and the sheep manure is purchased from Shijiazhuang Lixing Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd.

[0023] Example 1 A slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 7.5 parts of urea, 13 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.05 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.08 parts of boric acid, 50 parts of sheep manure, 0.8 parts of bentonite and 7 parts of slag powder.

[0024] The preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees comprises the following steps: (1) Urea, phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, slag, half the weight of sheep manure and half the weight of bentonite are mixed evenly, and then disk granulation is performed. Appropriate water is sprayed during granulation to prepare particles with a particle size of 2.0-2.5 mm. Particles with unqualified size need to be granulated again until the size is appropriate. (2) The remaining bentonite and sheep manure are mixed evenly and then water is added to prepare a slurry, wherein the ratio of water to the total mass of the remaining bentonite and sheep manure is 85:8, and then the slurry is evenly sprayed on the surface of the particles in step (1), and dried at 80°C for 3h to prepare the slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees.

[0025] Example 2 A slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 9.5 parts of urea, 16 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.08 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1 parts of boric acid, 60 parts of sheep manure, 1.5 parts of bentonite and 8 parts of slag powder.

[0026] The preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees is based on the preparation steps of Example 1, except that step (2) in Example 1 is adjusted to "drying at 50° C. for 5 h", and the other steps are the same as Example 1.

[0027] Example 3 8.0 parts of urea, 15 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 4 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.07 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1 parts of boric acid, 55 parts of sheep manure, 1.2 parts of bentonite and 8 parts of slag powder.

[0028] The preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees is based on the preparation steps of Example 1, except that step (2) in Example 1 is adjusted to "the ratio of water to the total mass of the remaining bentonite and sheep manure is 80:6", and the other steps are the same as Example 1.

[0029] Comparative Example 1 A fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 7.5 parts of urea, 13 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.05 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.08 parts of boric acid, 50 parts of sheep manure and 0.8 parts of bentonite.

[0030] The preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees comprises the following steps: (1) Urea, phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, half the weight of sheep manure and half the weight of bentonite are mixed evenly, and then disk granulation is performed. Appropriate water is sprayed during granulation to prepare particles with a particle size of 2.0-2.5 mm. Particles with unqualified size need to be granulated again until the size is appropriate. (2) Same as Example 1.

[0031] The fertilizers described in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 were applied to local apple trees in Xinjiang (variety "Aksu") respectively; The application rate of the slow-release fertilizer described in Examples 1 to 3 is 180 kg / mu, which is applied in holes in the soil.

[0032] The application amount of the fertilizer described in Comparative Example 1 is 200 kg / mu, which is applied in holes in the soil.

[0033] Fertilization time: Apply in the early and middle to late fruiting period.

[0034] The fruit performance of the fruit trees applied with the slow-release fertilizers described in Examples 1 to 3 was basically the same as that of the fruit trees applied with the fertilizer described in Comparative Example 1, and the fruit ripening time was also basically the same, indicating that the slow-release fertilizer prepared by the present invention has a good fertilizer retention effect. When the weight loss was 10%, the fruit trees did not suffer from malnutrition.

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees, characterized in that: Prepared by the following components in parts by weight: 7.5~9.5 parts of urea, 13~16 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3~5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.05~0.08 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.08~0.1 parts of boric acid, 50~60 parts of sheep manure, 0.8~1.5 parts of bentonite and 7~8 parts of slag powder.

2. The slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: Prepared by including the following components in parts by mass: 8.0~9.5 parts of urea, 15~16 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 4~5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.07~0.08 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1 part of boric acid, 55~60 parts of sheep manure, 0.8~1.5 parts of bentonite and 7~8 parts of slag powder.

3. The slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that The phosphate fertilizer is a water-soluble phosphate fertilizer.

4. The slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is at least one of superphosphate, triple superphosphate and monoammonium phosphate.

5. The slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the slag powder is 40-60 μm.

6. The method for preparing the slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Urea, phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, slag, half the weight of sheep manure and half the weight of bentonite are mixed uniformly, and then granulated to obtain particles with a particle size of 2.0 to 2.5 mm; (2) The remaining bentonite and sheep manure are mixed evenly and then water is added to prepare a slurry, and then the slurry is evenly sprayed on the surface of the particles in step (1) and dried to prepare the slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees.

7. The method for preparing the slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 6, characterized in that: The granulation in step (1) is performed by disk granulation.

8. The method for preparing the slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ratio of the water in step (2) to the total mass of the remaining bentonite and sheep manure is 80-100:5-8.

9. The method for preparing the slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the water in step (2) to the total mass of the remaining bentonite and sheep manure is 85:

8.

10. The method for preparing the slow-release fertilizer for fruit trees according to claim 6, characterized in that: The temperature of the drying treatment in step (2) is 50-80° C.; the time of the drying treatment is 3-5 hours.