Tunnel excavation supporting system based on multi-source data

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a multi-source data-based tunnel excavation support system, which comprises a primary spraying detection unit, a secondary spraying detection unit and a control unit, the anchor rod mounting unit is used for determining the mounting position of an anchor rod so as to mount the anchor rod and collecting the mounting pressure and the grouting amount in the anchor rod mounting process; the anchor rod early warning unit is used for determining the water seepage risk grade of the surrounding rock position and determining a corresponding strategy according to the water seepage risk grade; the anchor rod monitoring unit comprises a temperature detection subunit and a displacement detection subunit; and the support early warning unit is used for judging whether the fixation of the anchor rod meets a preset standard or not, or determining a reason according to the change value of the resistivity. According to the tunnel excavation supporting system based on the multi-source data, all the units are matched with one another, the water seepage position in the tunnel supporting process is effectively detected, and meanwhile the accuracy and stability of the tunnel excavation supporting system based on the multi-source data are further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels with high groundwater content need to solve the support and water-stopping problems at the same time. The grouting channel of the hollow anchor can be injected with cement slurry or chemical slurry, which can not only anchor the surrounding rock but also block the seepage channel. Hollow anchors are often used as a support method and cooperate with pipe roofs to form a water-stop curtain. When the tunnel passes through a fault zone, strongly weathered rock layer or sand and gravel layer, the surrounding rock has poor self-stabilization ability and is prone to collapse. Groundwater can easily leak through the gaps formed by the collapse. The hollow anchor can fill the cracks in the surrounding rock through high-pressure grouting to form a grouting reinforcement ring. At the same time, the anchor rod body is used to provide tensile support to improve the integrity of the surrounding rock.

[0003] Chinese patent application publication number: CN115324591A discloses a saturated soft loess tunnel partial dewatering-support comprehensive construction method. The invention provides a saturated soft loess tunnel partial dewatering-support comprehensive construction method. First, the external dewatering well is combined with the water-stop curtain to carry out global dewatering. Then, the tunnel is carried out in a step-by-step, partial dewatering, excavation, and support construction cycle. The cycle is short and orderly, and the initial support of the "spray anchor net" combination is strong and powerful; the external dewatering well takes into account the dewatering and observation functions, which is convenient for real-time control of the groundwater level; considering that the tunnel arch foot in the soft loess layer is prone to collapse Instability, the tunnel arch bottom soil is reinforced with sunken tube gravel piles, and a complete set of scientific and reasonable comprehensive dewatering-support construction methods are formed in accordance with the principle of "advanced dewatering, partial excavation, short advance, strong support and fast circulation". Dewatering is carried out in advance to improve the engineering properties of saturated soft loess. Combined with timely excavation and appropriate support measures, it can improve the stability of the surrounding soil layer, reduce the total surface settlement and differential settlement, and slow down the settlement and consolidation rate of the tunnel base stratum. It has the advantages of compact and reasonable steps, which improves the engineering properties of the saturated soft loess stratum and ensures the safety and orderly progress of tunnel construction.

[0004] However, the above method has the following problems: it fails to make an accurate judgment on the water seepage situation during the tunnel construction and support process, and needs to be used in conjunction with an external dewatering well, resulting in a waste of construction resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data to overcome the problem in the prior art that it is unable to make accurate judgments on the water seepage situation during the tunnel construction and support process, and needs to be used in conjunction with external drainage wells, resulting in a waste of construction resources.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data, comprising: Initial spraying detection unit, which is used to perform initial spraying of concrete on the surrounding rock surface and obtain the resistivity and surrounding rock pressure of several initial points in the initial spraying layer; An anchor installation unit, connected to the initial grouting detection unit, is used to determine the anchor installation position based on the resistivity and the anchor support model for anchor installation, and to collect the installation pressure and grouting volume during the anchor installation process; An anchor early warning unit, connected to the anchor installation unit, for determining the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor according to the installation characterization value and determining a corresponding strategy according to the water seepage risk level; An anchor monitoring unit, which is connected to the anchor early warning unit and, under the condition that the anchor grouting is completed, includes a temperature detection subunit provided in each anchor to monitor the temperature value in the anchor and a displacement detection subunit provided at the end of the anchor to obtain the position of the anchor; A support warning unit is connected to the initial spray detection unit and the anchor rod monitoring unit respectively, and is used to determine whether the fixation of the anchor rod meets the preset standard based on the anchor rod axial force change rate when it is determined that there is a risk that the fixation of the anchor rod does not meet the preset standard based on the anchor rod firmness characterization value, or to determine the cause based on the change value of the resistivity, where the cause includes surrounding rock seepage and surrounding rock collapse.

[0007] Furthermore, the installation characterization value is determined by collecting the installation pressure, grouting volume and pressure fluctuation rate per unit time during the installation process of the anchor rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the anchor rod early warning unit determines the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor rod according to the installation characterization value and a plurality of preset installation characterization values.

[0009] Furthermore, the corresponding strategies include: If the water seepage risk level is the first water seepage risk level, the slurry ratio is changed and grouting is performed again; If the water seepage risk level is the second water seepage risk level, the slurry ratio is changed while intermittent grouting is performed; If the water seepage risk level is the third water seepage risk level, a permeable pipe is buried with the seepage anchor as the center, and grouting holes are arranged at the same time, and grouting is carried out in stages to form a waterproof curtain.

[0010] Furthermore, the support warning unit determines that the fixation of the anchor rod has a risk of not meeting the preset standard based on the comparison result that the anchor rod firmness characterization value is greater than or equal to a first preset firmness characterization value, and the first preset firmness characterization value is positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top surface from the ground.

[0011] Furthermore, the support warning unit, under the condition that the anchor rod firmness characterization value is greater than or equal to the first preset firmness characterization value and less than the second preset firmness characterization value, secondary determines whether the fixation of the anchor rod meets the preset standard based on the anchor rod axial force, and, under the condition that the anchor rod firmness characterization value is greater than or equal to the second preset firmness characterization value, the support warning unit performs a water seepage warning and determines the reason why the fixation of the anchor rod does not meet the preset standard based on the change value of the resistivity, the second preset firmness characterization value is positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top surface from the ground, and the first preset firmness characterization value is less than the second preset firmness characterization value.

[0012] Furthermore, the anchor rod firmness characterization value is determined by jointly determining the pressure change value of the surrounding rock pressure, the temperature change value of the temperature value inside the anchor rod, and the displacement change value of the anchor rod position.

[0013] Furthermore, the support warning unit determines whether the fixation of the anchor rod meets the preset standard based on the anchor rod axial force change rate. If the anchor rod axial force change rate is less than the preset axial force change rate, it is determined that the fixation of the anchor rod meets the preset standard; If the anchor rod axial force change rate is greater than or equal to the preset axial force change rate, it is determined that the fixation of the anchor rod does not meet the preset standard, a water seepage warning is issued, and radial grouting is performed with the water seepage anchor rod as the center; The preset axial force change rate is positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top surface from the ground.

[0014] Furthermore, the support warning unit determines the reason why the fixing of the anchor rod does not meet the preset standard according to the change value of the resistivity, wherein: If the resistivity change value is less than a preset resistivity change value, it is determined that the reason why the anchor bolt fixation does not meet the preset standard is water seepage in the surrounding rock; If the resistivity change value is greater than or equal to the preset resistivity change value, it is determined that the reason why the anchor bolt fixation does not meet the preset standard is surrounding rock collapse; The preset resistivity change value is positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top surface from the ground.

[0015] Furthermore, the displacement detection subunit collects the displacement of the anchor rod and each adjacent anchor rod through a remote sensor, and calculates an average value of several of the displacement amounts as the displacement change value of the corresponding anchor rod.

[0016] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effect of the present invention lies in that the present invention determines the anchor installation position by combining the resistivity and the anchor support model to carry out anchor installation. By combining past anchor installation experience, the anchor installation density is increased in the surrounding rock positions with the risk of water seepage. At the same time, the multi-source data is converted into a quantifiable basis for support decision-making, reducing the waste of resources caused by blind installation of anchors, and effectively improving the accuracy and stability of the tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data.

[0017] Furthermore, the present invention generates an installation characterization value by collecting the installation pressure and grouting volume during the anchor installation process to determine the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor, and determines the corresponding strategy according to the water seepage risk level. Traditional empirical methods often result in over-support or insufficient support, while data-driven strategies can accurately locate risk areas and convert construction process data into quantifiable risk management basis, further improving the accuracy and stability of the tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data.

[0018] Furthermore, the present invention generates an anchor rod firmness characterization value by combining the surrounding rock pressure after the anchor rod is grouting, the temperature value inside the anchor rod and the displacement value of the anchor rod to determine whether the installation of the anchor rod is qualified, thereby avoiding misjudgment of a single parameter. Traditional single-parameter detection requires multiple retests, while multi-parameter comprehensive evaluation can complete the judgment in a shorter time, saving detection costs, accurately locating defects to reduce rework, and utilizing the correlation between parameters to reduce the misjudgment rate, thereby achieving improved anchor rod installation quality and accurate judgment of the surrounding rock conditions around the anchor rod, further improving the accuracy and stability of the tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data.

[0019] Furthermore, the present invention accurately locates and analyzes whether water seepage occurs in the tunnel wall by detecting several parameters during the initial shotcrete and anchor construction process, while improving the efficiency of detection. Through multi-dimensional detection and fusion analysis of initial shotcrete and anchor construction parameters, a full-chain management and control system of "construction process-leakage risk-treatment strategy" is constructed, and discrete construction data is converted into a locatable and quantifiable basis for waterproofing decision-making, realizing the upgrade from empirical waterproofing to digital waterproofing, and further improving the accuracy and stability of the tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data of the present invention; Figure 2 A logic diagram for determining the water seepage risk level of the present invention; Figure 3 A logic diagram for determining the fixing condition of an anchor rod according to the present invention; Figure 4A logic diagram for determining the reason why the fixing of the anchor bolt does not meet the preset standard according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "inside", and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0024] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0025] See also Figure 1 As shown in FIG, which is a structural block diagram of a tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data, including: Initial spraying detection unit, which is used to perform initial spraying of concrete on the surrounding rock surface and obtain the resistivity and surrounding rock pressure of several initial points in the initial spraying layer; Anchor installation unit, which is connected to the initial grouting detection unit and is used to determine the anchor installation position based on the resistivity and anchor support model for anchor installation, as well as to collect the installation pressure and grouting volume during the anchor installation process; An anchor early warning unit, which is connected to the anchor installation unit, is used to determine the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor according to the installation characterization value and determine the corresponding strategy according to the water seepage risk level; An anchor monitoring unit, which is connected to the anchor early warning unit and includes a temperature detection subunit set in each anchor to monitor the temperature value inside the anchor and a displacement detection subunit set at the end of the anchor to obtain the position of the anchor; The support warning unit is connected to the initial spraying detection unit and the anchor monitoring unit respectively. It is used to make a secondary judgment on whether the fixation of the anchor rod meets the preset standard according to the anchor rod axial force change rate when it is judged that there is a risk that the fixation of the anchor rod does not meet the preset standard according to the anchor rod firmness characterization value, or to determine the cause according to the change value of the resistivity, where the cause includes surrounding rock seepage and surrounding rock collapse.

[0026] It can be understood that the surrounding rock pressure is the pressure exerted by the surrounding rock on the primary shotcrete layer.

[0027] It can be understood that the displacement detection subunit detects the position of each anchor rod through a drone, installs a wireless positioning tag at the end of the anchor rod in the area where support is completed, receives the tag signal of the wireless positioning tag through a drone or a handheld receiving device, calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of the tag, generates the initial coordinates, and after a period of time, continues to collect the tag signal to generate a new three-dimensional coordinate, which is compared with the initial coordinate to obtain the offset.

[0028] It can be understood that the axial force of the anchor rod is converted into resistance change through the strain gauge (sensitivity coefficient 2.0~2.2) attached to the surface of the anchor rod, and then converted into axial force after measurement by Wheatstone bridge.

[0029] Specifically, the present invention determines the anchor installation position by combining resistivity and the anchor support model for anchor installation. By combining past anchor installation experience, the anchor installation density is increased in surrounding rock locations with the risk of water seepage. At the same time, multi-source data is converted into a quantifiable basis for support decision-making, reducing the waste of resources caused by blind installation of anchors, and effectively improving the accuracy and stability of the tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data.

[0030] Specifically, the installation characterization value is determined by collecting the installation pressure, grouting volume and pressure fluctuation rate per unit time during the anchor installation process.

[0031] In this embodiment, the installation characterization value is calculated using the following formula: ; in, and The weight coefficient is the installation pressure, which can directly reflect whether the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock are in close contact, and the grouting volume can reflect the size of the surrounding rock pores around the anchor bolt. The pressure fluctuation during the installation process may reflect the loosening of the surrounding rock, which will cause new pores to appear. In summary, the general , , P is the installation pressure (MPa), is the design pressure (MPa), V is the grouting volume (L), is the designed grouting volume (L), is the pressure fluctuation rate per unit time, To represent the installation value, only numerical values ​​are used in the above formula calculations.

[0032] Specifically, the present invention collects the installation pressure and grouting volume during the anchor installation process, generates an installation characterization value to determine the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor, and determines the corresponding strategy based on the water seepage risk level. Traditional empirical methods often result in over-support or insufficient support, while data-driven strategies can accurately locate risk areas and convert construction process data into quantifiable risk management basis, further improving the accuracy and stability of the tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data.

[0033] See also Figure 2 As shown, it is a logic diagram for determining the water seepage risk level of the present invention. The anchor early warning unit determines the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor in sequence according to the installation characterization value and several preset installation characterization values, wherein, If the installation characterization value is less than the first preset installation characterization value, the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor rod is determined to be the first water seepage risk level; if the installation characterization value is greater than or equal to the first preset installation characterization value and less than the second preset installation characterization value, the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor rod is determined to be the second water seepage risk level; If the installation characterization value is greater than or equal to the second preset installation characterization value, determining that the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor rod is the third water seepage risk level; The first preset installation characterization value is smaller than the second preset installation characterization value and both are positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top surface from the ground.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, the first preset installation characterization value is set to 0.3, and the second preset installation characterization value is set to 0.6. If the installation characterization value is 0.18, which is smaller than the first preset installation characterization value, the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor rod is determined to be the first water seepage risk level. If the installation characterization value is 0.47, which is greater than the first preset installation characterization value and less than the second preset installation characterization value, the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor rod is determined to be the second water seepage risk level; If the installation characterization value is 0.74 and is greater than the second preset installation characterization value, the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor rod is determined to be the third water seepage risk level; It can be understood that the deeper the tunnel top is from the ground, the greater the shrinkage force of the tunnel inner wall, and the greater the pressure and grouting volume used to install the anchor rods. Therefore, the first preset installation characterization value and the second preset installation characterization value are both positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top from the ground.

[0035] Preferably, the selection range of the first preset installation characterization value is (0.2, 0.4), and the selection range of the second preset installation characterization value is (0.5, 0.7).

[0036] Specifically, the corresponding strategies include: If the water seepage risk level is the first water seepage risk level, change the slurry ratio and re-grout; If the water seepage risk level is the second water seepage risk level, change the slurry ratio and perform intermittent grouting at the same time; If the water seepage risk level is the third water seepage risk level, a permeable pipe will be buried with the seepage anchor as the center, and grouting holes will be arranged at the same time, and grouting will be carried out in stages to form a waterproof curtain.

[0037] It is understandable that the first water seepage risk level corresponds to scenarios with relatively minor water seepage hazards. The water seepage channels at this level are mostly tiny gaps between the anchor rods and the hole walls, and incompletely filled local cracks. The channels are small in size and few in number, and there is no sustained high water pressure to drive water seepage. The channel can be blocked only by enhancing the sealing ability of the slurry itself; the second water seepage risk level corresponds to the scenario with moderate development of water seepage channels. The channels have a certain degree of connectivity. One continuous grouting will lead to incomplete filling due to the rapid loss of slurry, and the high-fluidity slurry may be dispersed by water pressure and cannot be effectively sealed. Therefore, intermittent grouting is adopted; the third water seepage risk level corresponds to the scenario with extremely high water seepage risk. There is a through water seepage channel, and water can be continuously replenished through the channel. The core function of using permeable pipes is to actively drain and reduce pressure, and the high-pressure seepage water is concentrated and discharged through the permeable pipes to reduce the local water pressure around the anchor rods, so as to avoid the slurry being dispersed by water during grouting. The purpose of arranging grouting holes is to expand the sealing range and gradually cut off the water seepage channel from the periphery to the center to avoid only sealing local areas and missing deep cracks, and finally form a waterproof curtain.

[0038] See also Figure 3 As shown, it is a logic diagram for determining the fixing condition of the anchor rod according to the present invention. The support warning unit determines that the fixing of the anchor rod has a risk of not meeting the preset standard based on the comparison result that the anchor rod firmness characterization value is greater than or equal to the first preset firmness characterization value. The first preset firmness characterization value is positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top surface from the ground.

[0039] Specifically, the support warning unit makes a secondary judgment on whether the fixation of the anchor rod meets the preset standard based on the anchor rod axial force under the condition that the anchor rod firmness characterization value is greater than or equal to the first preset firmness characterization value and less than the second preset firmness characterization value; and the support warning unit makes a water seepage warning under the condition that the anchor rod firmness characterization value is greater than or equal to the second preset firmness characterization value and determines the reason why the fixation of the anchor rod does not meet the preset standard based on the change value of the resistivity. The second preset firmness characterization value is positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top surface from the ground, and the first preset firmness characterization value is less than the second preset firmness characterization value.

[0040] Specifically, the anchor bolt firmness characterization value is determined by the pressure change value of the surrounding rock pressure, the temperature change value of the temperature value inside the anchor bolt, and the displacement change value of the anchor bolt position.

[0041] In this embodiment, the anchor bolt firmness characterization value is calculated by the following formula: ; in, 、 and is the weight coefficient, which is usually , , , is the pressure change value of surrounding rock pressure (MPa), is the surrounding rock pressure (MPa), is the temperature change value of the anchor rod temperature (℃), is the initial temperature of the anchor (°C), is the displacement change of the anchor position (mm), is the maximum allowable displacement (mm), It is the anchor rod firmness characterization value. Only numerical value is used in the above formula.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, setting 0.3MPa, is 10℃, 8mm, 0.12MPa, 8℃, If the anchor rod thickness is 2 mm, the anchor rod firmness characterization value S is 0.42.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, the first preset firmness characterization value is set to 0.5, and the second preset firmness characterization value is set to 1.2. If the anchor rod firmness characterization value is 0.42 and is less than the first preset firmness characterization value, it is determined that the fixation of the anchor rod meets the preset standard; If the anchor rod firmness characterization value is 0.84, which is greater than the first preset firmness characterization value and less than the second preset firmness characterization value, a secondary determination is made based on the anchor rod axial force to determine whether the anchor rod fixation meets the preset standard; If the anchor rod firmness characterization value is 1.56 and is greater than the second preset firmness characterization value, a water seepage warning is issued and the reason why the anchor rod fixation does not meet the preset standard is determined based on the change in resistivity.

[0044] It can be understood that the greater the depth of the tunnel top from the ground, the greater the surrounding rock pressure, the lower the initial temperature of the tunnel, the greater the temperature change after grouting, and the probability and amplitude of surrounding rock displacement become greater. Therefore, the first preset firmness characterization value and the second preset firmness characterization value are positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top from the ground.

[0045] Preferably, the selection range of the first preset firmness characterization value is (0.4, 0.6), and the selection range of the second preset installation characterization value is (1.1, 1.3).

[0046] Specifically, the present invention generates an anchor rod firmness characterization value by combining the surrounding rock pressure after the anchor rod is grouting, the temperature value inside the anchor rod, and the displacement value of the anchor rod to determine whether the installation of the anchor rod is qualified, thereby avoiding misjudgment of a single parameter. Traditional single-parameter detection requires multiple retests, while multi-parameter comprehensive evaluation can complete the judgment in a shorter time, saving detection costs, accurately locating defects to reduce rework, and utilizing the correlation between parameters to reduce the misjudgment rate, thereby achieving improved anchor rod installation quality and accurate judgment of the surrounding rock conditions around the anchor rod, further improving the accuracy and stability of the tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data.

[0047] Specifically, the support warning unit determines whether the anchor bolt fixation meets the preset standard based on the anchor bolt axial force change rate. If the anchor rod axial force change rate is less than the preset axial force change rate, it is determined that the anchor rod fixation meets the preset standard; If the anchor rod axial force change rate is greater than or equal to the preset axial force change rate, it is determined that the anchor rod fixation does not meet the preset standard, a water seepage warning is issued, and radial grouting is performed with the water seepage anchor rod as the center.

[0048] The preset axial force change rate is positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top surface from the ground.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the anchor rod axial force change rate is set to 20%. If the anchor rod axial force change rate of 18% is less than the preset axial force change rate, it is determined that the anchor rod fixation meets the preset standard. If the anchor rod axial force change rate is 32% and is greater than the preset axial force change rate, it is determined that the anchor rod fixation does not meet the preset standard, a water seepage warning is issued, and radial grouting is performed with the water seepage anchor rod as the center.

[0050] It is understandable that the greater the depth of the tunnel top from the ground, the greater the probability of surrounding rock displacement and the increase in water seepage, so the preset axial force change rate is positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top from the ground.

[0051] Preferably, the selection range of the preset axial force change rate is (10%, 25%).

[0052] See also Figure 4 As shown, it is a logic diagram of the present invention for determining the reason why the anchor fixation does not meet the preset standard. The support warning unit determines the reason why the anchor fixation does not meet the preset standard based on the change value of the resistivity, wherein: If the resistivity change value is less than the preset resistivity change value, it is determined that the reason why the anchor bolt fixation does not meet the preset standard is water seepage in the surrounding rock; If the resistivity change value is greater than or equal to the preset resistivity change value, it is determined that the reason why the anchor bolt fixation does not meet the preset standard is the surrounding rock collapse; In a specific embodiment, the preset resistivity change value is set to 50%. If the resistivity change value is 42%, which is less than the preset resistivity change value, it is determined that the reason why the anchor bolt fixation does not meet the preset standard is water seepage in the surrounding rock. If the resistivity change value is 64% and is greater than the preset resistivity change value, it is determined that the anchor bolt fixation does not meet the preset standard due to surrounding rock collapse; The preset resistivity change value is negatively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top from the ground.

[0053] It can be understood that the shallower the depth of the tunnel top from the ground, the higher the porosity of the covering layer, the stronger the permeability, and the greater the impact of water seepage on the resistivity; the deeper the depth of the tunnel top from the ground, the lower the porosity of the covering layer, the poorer the permeability, and the smaller the impact of water seepage on the resistivity. Therefore, the preset resistivity change value is negatively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top from the ground.

[0054] Preferably, the depth of the tunnel top surface from the ground is (0 meters, 50 meters), and the preset resistivity change value is selected in the range of (60%, 80%); The depth of the tunnel top from the ground is (50 meters, 100 meters), and the preset resistivity change value range is (40%, 60%); The depth of the tunnel top from the ground is (100 meters, 200 meters), and the preset resistivity change value selection range is (20%, 40%).

[0055] Specifically, the displacement detection subunit collects the displacement of the anchor rod and each adjacent anchor rod through a remote sensor, and calculates the average value of several displacement amounts as the displacement change value of the corresponding anchor rod.

[0056] Specifically, the present invention accurately locates and analyzes whether water seepage occurs in the tunnel wall by detecting several parameters during the initial shotcrete and anchor construction process, while improving the efficiency of detection. Through multi-dimensional detection and fusion analysis of initial shotcrete and anchor construction parameters, a full-chain management and control system of "construction process-leakage risk-treatment strategy" is constructed, and discrete construction data is converted into a locatable and quantifiable basis for waterproofing decision-making, realizing the upgrade from empirical waterproofing to digital waterproofing, and further improving the accuracy and stability of the tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data.

[0057] Thus far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after such changes or substitutions will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data, characterized in that: include: Initial spraying detection unit, which is used to perform initial spraying of concrete on the surrounding rock surface and obtain the resistivity and surrounding rock pressure of several initial points in the initial spraying layer; An anchor installation unit, connected to the initial grouting detection unit, is used to determine the anchor installation position based on the resistivity and the anchor support model for anchor installation, and to collect the installation pressure and grouting volume during the anchor installation process; An anchor early warning unit, connected to the anchor installation unit, for determining the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor according to the installation characterization value and determining a corresponding strategy according to the water seepage risk level; An anchor monitoring unit, which is connected to the anchor early warning unit and, under the condition that the anchor grouting is completed, includes a temperature detection subunit provided in each anchor to monitor the temperature value in the anchor and a displacement detection subunit provided at the end of the anchor to obtain the position of the anchor; a support warning unit, connected to the initial blasting detection unit and the anchor monitoring unit, respectively, for determining, based on the anchor firmness characterization value, that there is a risk that the anchor fixation does not meet the preset standard, whether the anchor fixation meets the preset standard based on the anchor axial force change rate, or determining the cause based on the resistivity change value, where the cause includes surrounding rock water seepage and surrounding rock collapse; The installation characterization value is determined by collecting the installation pressure, grouting volume and pressure fluctuation rate per unit time during the installation process of the anchor bolt; The anchor rod firmness characterization value is determined by the pressure change value of the surrounding rock pressure, the temperature change value of the temperature value inside the anchor rod, and the displacement change value of the anchor rod position.

2. The tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The anchor rod early warning unit determines the water seepage risk level of the surrounding rock position corresponding to the anchor rod in sequence according to the installation characterization value and a plurality of preset installation characterization values.

3. The tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data according to claim 2, characterized in that: The corresponding strategies include: If the water seepage risk level is the first water seepage risk level, the slurry ratio is changed and grouting is performed again; If the water seepage risk level is the second water seepage risk level, the slurry ratio is changed while intermittent grouting is performed; If the water seepage risk level is the third water seepage risk level, a permeable pipe is buried with the seepage anchor as the center, and grouting holes are arranged at the same time, and grouting is carried out in stages to form a waterproof curtain.

4. The tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The support warning unit determines that the fixation of the anchor rod has a risk of not meeting the preset standard based on the comparison result that the anchor rod firmness characterization value is greater than or equal to the first preset firmness characterization value, and the first preset firmness characterization value is positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top surface from the ground.

5. The tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The support warning unit, under the condition that the anchor rod firmness characterization value is greater than or equal to the first preset firmness characterization value and less than the second preset firmness characterization value, secondary determines whether the fixation of the anchor rod meets the preset standard based on the anchor rod axial force, and, under the condition that the anchor rod firmness characterization value is greater than or equal to the second preset firmness characterization value, the support warning unit performs a water seepage warning and determines the reason why the fixation of the anchor rod does not meet the preset standard based on the change value of the resistivity, the second preset firmness characterization value is positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top surface from the ground, and the first preset firmness characterization value is less than the second preset firmness characterization value.

6. The tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support warning unit determines whether the fixing of the anchor rod meets the preset standard based on the anchor rod axial force change rate. If the anchor rod axial force change rate is less than the preset axial force change rate, it is determined that the fixation of the anchor rod meets the preset standard; If the anchor rod axial force change rate is greater than or equal to the preset axial force change rate, it is determined that the fixation of the anchor rod does not meet the preset standard, a water seepage warning is issued, and radial grouting is performed with the water seepage anchor rod as the center; The preset axial force change rate is positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top surface from the ground.

7. The tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support warning unit determines the reason why the anchor bolt fixation does not meet the preset standard according to the change value of the resistivity, wherein: If the resistivity change value is less than a preset resistivity change value, it is determined that the reason why the anchor bolt fixation does not meet the preset standard is water seepage in the surrounding rock; If the resistivity change value is greater than or equal to the preset resistivity change value, it is determined that the reason why the anchor bolt fixation does not meet the preset standard is surrounding rock collapse; The preset resistivity change value is positively correlated with the depth of the tunnel top surface from the ground.

8. The tunnel excavation support system based on multi-source data according to claim 7, characterized in that: The displacement detection subunit collects the displacement of the anchor rod and each adjacent anchor rod through a remote sensor, and calculates the average value of several displacement amounts as the displacement change value of the corresponding anchor rod.

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